Theorem carden 9317

Description: Two sets are equinumerous iff their cardinal numbers are equal. This important theorem expresses the essential concept behind "cardinality" or "size." This theorem appears as Proposition 10.10 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 85, Theorem 7P of [Enderton] p. 197, and Theorem 9 of [Suppes] p. 242 (among others). The Axiom of Choice is required for its proof. Related theorems are hasheni 13076 and the finite-set-only hashen 13075.

This theorem is also known as Hume's Principle. Gottlob Frege's two-volume Grundgesetze der Arithmetik used his Basic Law V to prove this theorem. Unfortunately Basic Law V caused Frege's system to be inconsistent because it was subject to Russell's paradox (see ru 3416). Later scholars have found that Frege primarily used Basic Law V to Hume's Principle. If Basic Law V is replaced by Hume's Principle in Frege's system, much of Frege's work is restored. Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, once Basic Law V is replaced, proves "Frege's theorem" (the Peano axioms of arithmetic can be derived in second-order logic from Hume's principle). See https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/frege-theorem . We take a different approach, using first-order logic and ZFC, to prove the Peano axioms of arithmetic.

The theory of cardinality can also be developed without AC by introducing "card" as a primitive notion and stating this theorem as an axiom, as is done with the axiom for cardinal numbers in [Suppes] p. 111. Finally, if we allow the Axiom of Regularity, we can avoid AC by defining the cardinal number of a set as the set of all sets equinumerous to it and having the least possible rank (see karden 8702). (Contributed by NM, 22-Oct-2003.)

Assertion

Ref	Expression
carden	⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) → ((card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵) ↔ 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵))

Proof of Theorem carden

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		numth3 9236	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 → 𝐴 ∈ dom card)
2	1	ad2antrr 761	. . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) ∧ (card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵)) → 𝐴 ∈ dom card)
3		cardid2 8723	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ dom card → (card‘𝐴) ≈ 𝐴)
4		ensym 7949	. . . . 5 ⊢ ((card‘𝐴) ≈ 𝐴 → 𝐴 ≈ (card‘𝐴))
5	2, 3, 4	3syl 18	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) ∧ (card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵)) → 𝐴 ≈ (card‘𝐴))
6		simpr 477	. . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) ∧ (card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵)) → (card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵))
7		numth3 9236	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐷 → 𝐵 ∈ dom card)
8	7	ad2antlr 762	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) ∧ (card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵)) → 𝐵 ∈ dom card)
9	8	cardidd 9315	. . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) ∧ (card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵)) → (card‘𝐵) ≈ 𝐵)
10	6, 9	eqbrtrd 4635	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) ∧ (card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵)) → (card‘𝐴) ≈ 𝐵)
11		entr 7952	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐴 ≈ (card‘𝐴) ∧ (card‘𝐴) ≈ 𝐵) → 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵)
12	5, 10, 11	syl2anc 692	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) ∧ (card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵)) → 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵)
13	12	ex 450	. 2 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) → ((card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵) → 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵))
14		carden2b 8737	. 2 ⊢ (𝐴 ≈ 𝐵 → (card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵))
15	13, 14	impbid1 215	1 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) → ((card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵) ↔ 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵))

Syntax hints:   → wi 4   ↔ wb 196   ∧ wa 384   = wceq 1480   ∈ wcel 1987   class class class wbr 4613  dom cdm 5074  ‘cfv 5847   ≈ cen 7896  cardccrd 8705

This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1719  ax-4 1734  ax-5 1836  ax-6 1885  ax-7 1932  ax-8 1989  ax-9 1996  ax-10 2016  ax-11 2031  ax-12 2044  ax-13 2245  ax-ext 2601  ax-rep 4731  ax-sep 4741  ax-nul 4749  ax-pow 4803  ax-pr 4867  ax-un 6902  ax-ac2 9229

This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 197  df-or 385  df-an 386  df-3or 1037  df-3an 1038  df-tru 1483  df-ex 1702  df-nf 1707  df-sb 1878  df-eu 2473  df-mo 2474  df-clab 2608  df-cleq 2614  df-clel 2617  df-nfc 2750  df-ne 2791  df-ral 2912  df-rex 2913  df-reu 2914  df-rmo 2915  df-rab 2916  df-v 3188  df-sbc 3418  df-csb 3515  df-dif 3558  df-un 3560  df-in 3562  df-ss 3569  df-pss 3571  df-nul 3892  df-if 4059  df-pw 4132  df-sn 4149  df-pr 4151  df-tp 4153  df-op 4155  df-uni 4403  df-int 4441  df-iun 4487  df-br 4614  df-opab 4674  df-mpt 4675  df-tr 4713  df-eprel 4985  df-id 4989  df-po 4995  df-so 4996  df-fr 5033  df-se 5034  df-we 5035  df-xp 5080  df-rel 5081  df-cnv 5082  df-co 5083  df-dm 5084  df-rn 5085  df-res 5086  df-ima 5087  df-pred 5639  df-ord 5685  df-on 5686  df-suc 5688  df-iota 5810  df-fun 5849  df-fn 5850  df-f 5851  df-f1 5852  df-fo 5853  df-f1o 5854  df-fv 5855  df-isom 5856  df-riota 6565  df-wrecs 7352  df-recs 7413  df-er 7687  df-en 7900  df-card 8709  df-ac 8883

This theorem is referenced by:  cardeq0  9318  ficard  9331