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Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > dfef2 | Structured version Visualization version GIF version |
Description: The limit of the sequence (1 + 𝐴 / 𝑘)↑𝑘 as 𝑘 goes to +∞ is (exp‘𝐴). This is another common definition of e. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 1-Mar-2015.) |
Ref | Expression |
---|---|
dfef2.1 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉) |
dfef2.2 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) |
dfef2.3 | ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐹‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
Ref | Expression |
---|---|
dfef2 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
---|---|---|---|
1 | dfef2.2 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) | |
2 | ax-1cn 10598 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ 1 ∈ ℂ | |
3 | simpl 485 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) | |
4 | nncn 11649 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℂ) | |
5 | 4 | adantl 484 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℂ) |
6 | nnne0 11674 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ≠ 0) | |
7 | 6 | adantl 484 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ≠ 0) |
8 | 3, 5, 7 | divcld 11419 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐴 / 𝑥) ∈ ℂ) |
9 | addcl 10622 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((1 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐴 / 𝑥) ∈ ℂ) → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ) | |
10 | 2, 8, 9 | sylancr 589 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ) |
11 | nnnn0 11907 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℕ0) | |
12 | 11 | adantl 484 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℕ0) |
13 | cxpexp 25254 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ0) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) | |
14 | 10, 12, 13 | syl2anc 586 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) |
15 | 14 | mpteq2dva 5164 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥)) = (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))) |
16 | nnrp 12403 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+) | |
17 | 16 | ssriv 3974 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ℕ ⊆ ℝ+ |
18 | 17 | a1i 11 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ℕ ⊆ ℝ+) |
19 | eqid 2824 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (0(ball‘(abs ∘ − ))(1 / ((abs‘𝐴) + 1))) = (0(ball‘(abs ∘ − ))(1 / ((abs‘𝐴) + 1))) | |
20 | 19 | efrlim 25550 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴)) |
21 | 18, 20 | rlimres2 14921 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴)) |
22 | 15, 21 | eqbrtrrd 5093 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴)) |
23 | nnuz 12284 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ℕ = (ℤ≥‘1) | |
24 | 1zzd 12016 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → 1 ∈ ℤ) | |
25 | 10, 12 | expcld 13513 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥) ∈ ℂ) |
26 | 25 | fmpttd 6882 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)):ℕ⟶ℂ) |
27 | 23, 24, 26 | rlimclim 14906 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴) ↔ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴))) |
28 | 22, 27 | mpbid 234 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
29 | 1, 28 | syl 17 | . 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
30 | nnex 11647 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ℕ ∈ V | |
31 | 30 | mptex 6989 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ∈ V |
32 | 31 | a1i 11 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ∈ V) |
33 | dfef2.1 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉) | |
34 | 1zzd 12016 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 ∈ ℤ) | |
35 | oveq2 7167 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → (𝐴 / 𝑥) = (𝐴 / 𝑘)) | |
36 | 35 | oveq2d 7175 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) = (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))) |
37 | id 22 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → 𝑥 = 𝑘) | |
38 | 36, 37 | oveq12d 7177 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
39 | eqid 2824 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) = (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) | |
40 | ovex 7192 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘) ∈ V | |
41 | 38, 39, 40 | fvmpt 6771 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑘 ∈ ℕ → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
42 | 41 | adantl 484 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
43 | dfef2.3 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐹‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) | |
44 | 42, 43 | eqtr4d 2862 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = (𝐹‘𝑘)) |
45 | 23, 32, 33, 34, 44 | climeq 14927 | . 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴) ↔ 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴))) |
46 | 29, 45 | mpbid 234 | 1 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 398 = wceq 1536 ∈ wcel 2113 ≠ wne 3019 Vcvv 3497 ⊆ wss 3939 class class class wbr 5069 ↦ cmpt 5149 ∘ ccom 5562 ‘cfv 6358 (class class class)co 7159 ℂcc 10538 0cc0 10540 1c1 10541 + caddc 10543 − cmin 10873 / cdiv 11300 ℕcn 11641 ℕ0cn0 11900 ℝ+crp 12392 ↑cexp 13432 abscabs 14596 ⇝ cli 14844 ⇝𝑟 crli 14845 expce 15418 ballcbl 20535 ↑𝑐ccxp 25142 |
This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1795 ax-4 1809 ax-5 1910 ax-6 1969 ax-7 2014 ax-8 2115 ax-9 2123 ax-10 2144 ax-11 2160 ax-12 2176 ax-ext 2796 ax-rep 5193 ax-sep 5206 ax-nul 5213 ax-pow 5269 ax-pr 5333 ax-un 7464 ax-inf2 9107 ax-cnex 10596 ax-resscn 10597 ax-1cn 10598 ax-icn 10599 ax-addcl 10600 ax-addrcl 10601 ax-mulcl 10602 ax-mulrcl 10603 ax-mulcom 10604 ax-addass 10605 ax-mulass 10606 ax-distr 10607 ax-i2m1 10608 ax-1ne0 10609 ax-1rid 10610 ax-rnegex 10611 ax-rrecex 10612 ax-cnre 10613 ax-pre-lttri 10614 ax-pre-lttrn 10615 ax-pre-ltadd 10616 ax-pre-mulgt0 10617 ax-pre-sup 10618 ax-addf 10619 ax-mulf 10620 |
This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 209 df-an 399 df-or 844 df-3or 1084 df-3an 1085 df-tru 1539 df-fal 1549 df-ex 1780 df-nf 1784 df-sb 2069 df-mo 2621 df-eu 2653 df-clab 2803 df-cleq 2817 df-clel 2896 df-nfc 2966 df-ne 3020 df-nel 3127 df-ral 3146 df-rex 3147 df-reu 3148 df-rmo 3149 df-rab 3150 df-v 3499 df-sbc 3776 df-csb 3887 df-dif 3942 df-un 3944 df-in 3946 df-ss 3955 df-pss 3957 df-nul 4295 df-if 4471 df-pw 4544 df-sn 4571 df-pr 4573 df-tp 4575 df-op 4577 df-uni 4842 df-int 4880 df-iun 4924 df-iin 4925 df-br 5070 df-opab 5132 df-mpt 5150 df-tr 5176 df-id 5463 df-eprel 5468 df-po 5477 df-so 5478 df-fr 5517 df-se 5518 df-we 5519 df-xp 5564 df-rel 5565 df-cnv 5566 df-co 5567 df-dm 5568 df-rn 5569 df-res 5570 df-ima 5571 df-pred 6151 df-ord 6197 df-on 6198 df-lim 6199 df-suc 6200 df-iota 6317 df-fun 6360 df-fn 6361 df-f 6362 df-f1 6363 df-fo 6364 df-f1o 6365 df-fv 6366 df-isom 6367 df-riota 7117 df-ov 7162 df-oprab 7163 df-mpo 7164 df-of 7412 df-om 7584 df-1st 7692 df-2nd 7693 df-supp 7834 df-wrecs 7950 df-recs 8011 df-rdg 8049 df-1o 8105 df-2o 8106 df-oadd 8109 df-er 8292 df-map 8411 df-pm 8412 df-ixp 8465 df-en 8513 df-dom 8514 df-sdom 8515 df-fin 8516 df-fsupp 8837 df-fi 8878 df-sup 8909 df-inf 8910 df-oi 8977 df-card 9371 df-pnf 10680 df-mnf 10681 df-xr 10682 df-ltxr 10683 df-le 10684 df-sub 10875 df-neg 10876 df-div 11301 df-nn 11642 df-2 11703 df-3 11704 df-4 11705 df-5 11706 df-6 11707 df-7 11708 df-8 11709 df-9 11710 df-n0 11901 df-z 11985 df-dec 12102 df-uz 12247 df-q 12352 df-rp 12393 df-xneg 12510 df-xadd 12511 df-xmul 12512 df-ioo 12745 df-ioc 12746 df-ico 12747 df-icc 12748 df-fz 12896 df-fzo 13037 df-fl 13165 df-mod 13241 df-seq 13373 df-exp 13433 df-fac 13637 df-bc 13666 df-hash 13694 df-shft 14429 df-cj 14461 df-re 14462 df-im 14463 df-sqrt 14597 df-abs 14598 df-limsup 14831 df-clim 14848 df-rlim 14849 df-sum 15046 df-ef 15424 df-sin 15426 df-cos 15427 df-tan 15428 df-pi 15429 df-struct 16488 df-ndx 16489 df-slot 16490 df-base 16492 df-sets 16493 df-ress 16494 df-plusg 16581 df-mulr 16582 df-starv 16583 df-sca 16584 df-vsca 16585 df-ip 16586 df-tset 16587 df-ple 16588 df-ds 16590 df-unif 16591 df-hom 16592 df-cco 16593 df-rest 16699 df-topn 16700 df-0g 16718 df-gsum 16719 df-topgen 16720 df-pt 16721 df-prds 16724 df-xrs 16778 df-qtop 16783 df-imas 16784 df-xps 16786 df-mre 16860 df-mrc 16861 df-acs 16863 df-mgm 17855 df-sgrp 17904 df-mnd 17915 df-submnd 17960 df-mulg 18228 df-cntz 18450 df-cmn 18911 df-psmet 20540 df-xmet 20541 df-met 20542 df-bl 20543 df-mopn 20544 df-fbas 20545 df-fg 20546 df-cnfld 20549 df-top 21505 df-topon 21522 df-topsp 21544 df-bases 21557 df-cld 21630 df-ntr 21631 df-cls 21632 df-nei 21709 df-lp 21747 df-perf 21748 df-cn 21838 df-cnp 21839 df-haus 21926 df-cmp 21998 df-tx 22173 df-hmeo 22366 df-fil 22457 df-fm 22549 df-flim 22550 df-flf 22551 df-xms 22933 df-ms 22934 df-tms 22935 df-cncf 23489 df-limc 24467 df-dv 24468 df-log 25143 df-cxp 25144 |
This theorem is referenced by: (None) |
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