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Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > fta | Structured version Visualization version GIF version |
Description: The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. Any polynomial with positive degree (i.e. non-constant) has a root. This is Metamath 100 proof #2. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Sep-2014.) |
Ref | Expression |
---|---|
fta | ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0) |
Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
---|---|---|---|
1 | eqid 2823 | . . . 4 ⊢ (coeff‘𝐹) = (coeff‘𝐹) | |
2 | eqid 2823 | . . . 4 ⊢ (deg‘𝐹) = (deg‘𝐹) | |
3 | simpl 485 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆)) | |
4 | simpr 487 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) | |
5 | eqid 2823 | . . . 4 ⊢ if(if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1) ≤ ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1)) = if(if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1) ≤ ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1)) | |
6 | eqid 2823 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)) = ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)) | |
7 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 | ftalem2 25653 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)))) |
8 | simpll 765 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆)) | |
9 | simplr 767 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) | |
10 | eqid 2823 | . . . 4 ⊢ {𝑠 ∈ ℂ ∣ (abs‘𝑠) ≤ 𝑟} = {𝑠 ∈ ℂ ∣ (abs‘𝑠) ≤ 𝑟} | |
11 | eqid 2823 | . . . 4 ⊢ (TopOpen‘ℂfld) = (TopOpen‘ℂfld) | |
12 | simprl 769 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → 𝑟 ∈ ℝ+) | |
13 | simprr 771 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)))) | |
14 | fveq2 6672 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (abs‘𝑦) = (abs‘𝑥)) | |
15 | 14 | breq2d 5080 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) ↔ 𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥))) |
16 | 2fveq3 6677 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)) = (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) | |
17 | 16 | breq2d 5080 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)) ↔ (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
18 | 15, 17 | imbi12d 347 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → ((𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))) ↔ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))))) |
19 | 18 | cbvralvw 3451 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))) ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
20 | 13, 19 | sylib 220 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
21 | 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 20 | ftalem3 25654 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) |
22 | 7, 21 | rexlimddv 3293 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) |
23 | simpll 765 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆)) | |
24 | simplr 767 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) | |
25 | simprl 769 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → 𝑧 ∈ ℂ) | |
26 | simprr 771 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0) | |
27 | 1, 2, 23, 24, 25, 26 | ftalem7 25658 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → ¬ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) |
28 | 27 | expr 459 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0 → ¬ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
29 | 28 | necon4ad 3037 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ ℂ) → (∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)) → (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0)) |
30 | 29 | reximdva 3276 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → (∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0)) |
31 | 22, 30 | mpd 15 | 1 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0) |
Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
Syntax hints: ¬ wn 3 → wi 4 ∧ wa 398 = wceq 1537 ∈ wcel 2114 ≠ wne 3018 ∀wral 3140 ∃wrex 3141 {crab 3144 ifcif 4469 class class class wbr 5068 ‘cfv 6357 (class class class)co 7158 ℂcc 10537 0cc0 10539 1c1 10540 < clt 10677 ≤ cle 10678 / cdiv 11299 ℕcn 11640 2c2 11695 ℝ+crp 12392 abscabs 14595 TopOpenctopn 16697 ℂfldccnfld 20547 Polycply 24776 coeffccoe 24778 degcdgr 24779 |
This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1796 ax-4 1810 ax-5 1911 ax-6 1970 ax-7 2015 ax-8 2116 ax-9 2124 ax-10 2145 ax-11 2161 ax-12 2177 ax-ext 2795 ax-rep 5192 ax-sep 5205 ax-nul 5212 ax-pow 5268 ax-pr 5332 ax-un 7463 ax-inf2 9106 ax-cnex 10595 ax-resscn 10596 ax-1cn 10597 ax-icn 10598 ax-addcl 10599 ax-addrcl 10600 ax-mulcl 10601 ax-mulrcl 10602 ax-mulcom 10603 ax-addass 10604 ax-mulass 10605 ax-distr 10606 ax-i2m1 10607 ax-1ne0 10608 ax-1rid 10609 ax-rnegex 10610 ax-rrecex 10611 ax-cnre 10612 ax-pre-lttri 10613 ax-pre-lttrn 10614 ax-pre-ltadd 10615 ax-pre-mulgt0 10616 ax-pre-sup 10617 ax-addf 10618 ax-mulf 10619 |
This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 209 df-an 399 df-or 844 df-3or 1084 df-3an 1085 df-tru 1540 df-fal 1550 df-ex 1781 df-nf 1785 df-sb 2070 df-mo 2622 df-eu 2654 df-clab 2802 df-cleq 2816 df-clel 2895 df-nfc 2965 df-ne 3019 df-nel 3126 df-ral 3145 df-rex 3146 df-reu 3147 df-rmo 3148 df-rab 3149 df-v 3498 df-sbc 3775 df-csb 3886 df-dif 3941 df-un 3943 df-in 3945 df-ss 3954 df-pss 3956 df-nul 4294 df-if 4470 df-pw 4543 df-sn 4570 df-pr 4572 df-tp 4574 df-op 4576 df-uni 4841 df-int 4879 df-iun 4923 df-iin 4924 df-br 5069 df-opab 5131 df-mpt 5149 df-tr 5175 df-id 5462 df-eprel 5467 df-po 5476 df-so 5477 df-fr 5516 df-se 5517 df-we 5518 df-xp 5563 df-rel 5564 df-cnv 5565 df-co 5566 df-dm 5567 df-rn 5568 df-res 5569 df-ima 5570 df-pred 6150 df-ord 6196 df-on 6197 df-lim 6198 df-suc 6199 df-iota 6316 df-fun 6359 df-fn 6360 df-f 6361 df-f1 6362 df-fo 6363 df-f1o 6364 df-fv 6365 df-isom 6366 df-riota 7116 df-ov 7161 df-oprab 7162 df-mpo 7163 df-of 7411 df-om 7583 df-1st 7691 df-2nd 7692 df-supp 7833 df-wrecs 7949 df-recs 8010 df-rdg 8048 df-1o 8104 df-2o 8105 df-oadd 8108 df-er 8291 df-map 8410 df-pm 8411 df-ixp 8464 df-en 8512 df-dom 8513 df-sdom 8514 df-fin 8515 df-fsupp 8836 df-fi 8877 df-sup 8908 df-inf 8909 df-oi 8976 df-card 9370 df-pnf 10679 df-mnf 10680 df-xr 10681 df-ltxr 10682 df-le 10683 df-sub 10874 df-neg 10875 df-div 11300 df-nn 11641 df-2 11703 df-3 11704 df-4 11705 df-5 11706 df-6 11707 df-7 11708 df-8 11709 df-9 11710 df-n0 11901 df-z 11985 df-dec 12102 df-uz 12247 df-q 12352 df-rp 12393 df-xneg 12510 df-xadd 12511 df-xmul 12512 df-ioo 12745 df-ioc 12746 df-ico 12747 df-icc 12748 df-fz 12896 df-fzo 13037 df-fl 13165 df-mod 13241 df-seq 13373 df-exp 13433 df-fac 13637 df-bc 13666 df-hash 13694 df-shft 14428 df-cj 14460 df-re 14461 df-im 14462 df-sqrt 14596 df-abs 14597 df-limsup 14830 df-clim 14847 df-rlim 14848 df-sum 15045 df-ef 15423 df-sin 15425 df-cos 15426 df-pi 15428 df-struct 16487 df-ndx 16488 df-slot 16489 df-base 16491 df-sets 16492 df-ress 16493 df-plusg 16580 df-mulr 16581 df-starv 16582 df-sca 16583 df-vsca 16584 df-ip 16585 df-tset 16586 df-ple 16587 df-ds 16589 df-unif 16590 df-hom 16591 df-cco 16592 df-rest 16698 df-topn 16699 df-0g 16717 df-gsum 16718 df-topgen 16719 df-pt 16720 df-prds 16723 df-xrs 16777 df-qtop 16782 df-imas 16783 df-xps 16785 df-mre 16859 df-mrc 16860 df-acs 16862 df-mgm 17854 df-sgrp 17903 df-mnd 17914 df-submnd 17959 df-mulg 18227 df-cntz 18449 df-cmn 18910 df-psmet 20539 df-xmet 20540 df-met 20541 df-bl 20542 df-mopn 20543 df-fbas 20544 df-fg 20545 df-cnfld 20548 df-top 21504 df-topon 21521 df-topsp 21543 df-bases 21556 df-cld 21629 df-ntr 21630 df-cls 21631 df-nei 21708 df-lp 21746 df-perf 21747 df-cn 21837 df-cnp 21838 df-haus 21925 df-cmp 21997 df-tx 22172 df-hmeo 22365 df-fil 22456 df-fm 22548 df-flim 22549 df-flf 22550 df-xms 22932 df-ms 22933 df-tms 22934 df-cncf 23488 df-0p 24273 df-limc 24466 df-dv 24467 df-ply 24780 df-idp 24781 df-coe 24782 df-dgr 24783 df-log 25142 df-cxp 25143 |
This theorem is referenced by: (None) |
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