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Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 40601-40700   *Has distinct variable group(s)
TypeLabelDescription
Statement
 
Theorempm11.57 40601* Theorem *11.57 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 165. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 24-May-2011.)
(∀𝑥𝜑 ↔ ∀𝑥𝑦(𝜑 ∧ [𝑦 / 𝑥]𝜑))
 
Theorempm11.58 40602* Theorem *11.58 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 165. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 24-May-2011.)
(∃𝑥𝜑 ↔ ∃𝑥𝑦(𝜑 ∧ [𝑦 / 𝑥]𝜑))
 
Theorempm11.59 40603* Theorem *11.59 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 165. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 25-May-2011.)
(∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓) → ∀𝑦𝑥((𝜑 ∧ [𝑦 / 𝑥]𝜑) → (𝜓 ∧ [𝑦 / 𝑥]𝜓)))
 
Theorempm11.6 40604* Theorem *11.6 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 165. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 25-May-2011.)
(∃𝑥(∃𝑦(𝜑𝜓) ∧ 𝜒) ↔ ∃𝑦(∃𝑥(𝜑𝜒) ∧ 𝜓))
 
Theorempm11.61 40605* Theorem *11.61 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 166. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 24-May-2011.)
(∃𝑦𝑥(𝜑𝜓) → ∀𝑥(𝜑 → ∃𝑦𝜓))
 
Theorempm11.62 40606* Theorem *11.62 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 166. Importation combined with the rearrangement with quantifiers. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 24-May-2011.)
(∀𝑥𝑦((𝜑𝜓) → 𝜒) ↔ ∀𝑥(𝜑 → ∀𝑦(𝜓𝜒)))
 
Theorempm11.63 40607 Theorem *11.63 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 166. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 24-May-2011.)
(¬ ∃𝑥𝑦𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝑦(𝜑𝜓))
 
Theorempm11.7 40608 Theorem *11.7 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 166. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 24-May-2011.)
(∃𝑥𝑦(𝜑𝜑) ↔ ∃𝑥𝑦𝜑)
 
Theorempm11.71 40609* Theorem *11.71 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 166. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 24-May-2011.)
((∃𝑥𝜑 ∧ ∃𝑦𝜒) → ((∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓) ∧ ∀𝑦(𝜒𝜃)) ↔ ∀𝑥𝑦((𝜑𝜒) → (𝜓𝜃))))
 
20.34.3  Predicate Calculus
 
Theoremsbeqal1 40610* If 𝑥 = 𝑦 always implies 𝑥 = 𝑧, then 𝑦 = 𝑧. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 2-Jun-2011.)
(∀𝑥(𝑥 = 𝑦𝑥 = 𝑧) → 𝑦 = 𝑧)
 
Theoremsbeqal1i 40611* Suppose you know 𝑥 = 𝑦 implies 𝑥 = 𝑧, assuming 𝑥 and 𝑧 are distinct. Then, 𝑦 = 𝑧. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 3-Jun-2011.)
(𝑥 = 𝑦𝑥 = 𝑧)       𝑦 = 𝑧
 
Theoremsbeqal2i 40612* If 𝑥 = 𝑦 implies 𝑥 = 𝑧, then we can infer 𝑧 = 𝑦. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 3-Jun-2011.)
(𝑥 = 𝑦𝑥 = 𝑧)       𝑧 = 𝑦
 
Theoremaxc5c4c711 40613 Proof of a theorem that can act as a sole axiom for pure predicate calculus with ax-gen 1787 as the inference rule. This proof extends the idea of axc5c711 35936 and related theorems. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 14-Jul-2011.)
((∀𝑥𝑦 ¬ ∀𝑥𝑦(∀𝑦𝜑𝜓) → (𝜑 → ∀𝑦(∀𝑦𝜑𝜓))) → (∀𝑦𝜑 → ∀𝑦𝜓))
 
Theoremaxc5c4c711toc5 40614 Rederivation of sp 2172 from axc5c4c711 40613. Note that ax6 2395 is used for the rederivation. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 14-Jul-2011.) Revised to use ax6v 1962 instead of ax6 2395, so that this rederivation requires only ax6v 1962 and propositional calculus. (Revised by BJ, 14-Sep-2019.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
(∀𝑥𝜑𝜑)
 
Theoremaxc5c4c711toc4 40615 Rederivation of axc4 2332 from axc5c4c711 40613. Note that only propositional calculus is required for the rederivation. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 14-Jul-2011.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
(∀𝑥(∀𝑥𝜑𝜓) → (∀𝑥𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜓))
 
Theoremaxc5c4c711toc7 40616 Rederivation of axc7 2328 from axc5c4c711 40613. Note that neither axc7 2328 nor ax-11 2151 are required for the rederivation. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 14-Jul-2011.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
(¬ ∀𝑥 ¬ ∀𝑥𝜑𝜑)
 
Theoremaxc5c4c711to11 40617 Rederivation of ax-11 2151 from axc5c4c711 40613. Note that ax-11 2151 is not required for the rederivation. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 14-Jul-2011.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
(∀𝑥𝑦𝜑 → ∀𝑦𝑥𝜑)
 
Theoremaxc11next 40618* This theorem shows that, given axextb 2796, we can derive a version of axc11n 2443. However, it is weaker than axc11n 2443 because it has a distinct variable requirement. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 16-Jul-2011.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
(∀𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑧 → ∀𝑧 𝑧 = 𝑥)
 
20.34.4  Principia Mathematica * 13 and * 14
 
Theorempm13.13a 40619 One result of theorem *13.13 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 178. A note on the section - to make the theorems more usable, and because inequality is notation for set theory (it is not defined in the predicate calculus section), this section will use classes instead of sets. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 3-Jun-2011.)
((𝜑𝑥 = 𝐴) → [𝐴 / 𝑥]𝜑)
 
Theorempm13.13b 40620 Theorem *13.13 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 178 with different variable substitution. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 3-Jun-2011.)
(([𝐴 / 𝑥]𝜑𝑥 = 𝐴) → 𝜑)
 
Theorempm13.14 40621 Theorem *13.14 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 178. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 3-Jun-2011.)
(([𝐴 / 𝑥]𝜑 ∧ ¬ 𝜑) → 𝑥𝐴)
 
Theorempm13.192 40622* Theorem *13.192 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 179. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 3-Jun-2011.) (Revised by NM, 4-Jan-2017.)
(∃𝑦(∀𝑥(𝑥 = 𝐴𝑥 = 𝑦) ∧ 𝜑) ↔ [𝐴 / 𝑦]𝜑)
 
Theorempm13.193 40623 Theorem *13.193 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 179. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 3-Jun-2011.)
((𝜑𝑥 = 𝑦) ↔ ([𝑦 / 𝑥]𝜑𝑥 = 𝑦))
 
Theorempm13.194 40624 Theorem *13.194 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 179. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 3-Jun-2011.)
((𝜑𝑥 = 𝑦) ↔ ([𝑦 / 𝑥]𝜑𝜑𝑥 = 𝑦))
 
Theorempm13.195 40625* Theorem *13.195 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 179. This theorem is very similar to sbc5 3799. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 3-Jun-2011.) (Revised by NM, 4-Jan-2017.)
(∃𝑦(𝑦 = 𝐴𝜑) ↔ [𝐴 / 𝑦]𝜑)
 
Theorempm13.196a 40626* Theorem *13.196 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 179. The only difference is the position of the substituted variable. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 3-Jun-2011.)
𝜑 ↔ ∀𝑦([𝑦 / 𝑥]𝜑𝑦𝑥))
 
Theorem2sbc6g 40627* Theorem *13.21 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 179. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 3-Jun-2011.)
((𝐴𝐶𝐵𝐷) → (∀𝑧𝑤((𝑧 = 𝐴𝑤 = 𝐵) → 𝜑) ↔ [𝐴 / 𝑧][𝐵 / 𝑤]𝜑))
 
Theorem2sbc5g 40628* Theorem *13.22 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 179. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 3-Jun-2011.)
((𝐴𝐶𝐵𝐷) → (∃𝑧𝑤((𝑧 = 𝐴𝑤 = 𝐵) ∧ 𝜑) ↔ [𝐴 / 𝑧][𝐵 / 𝑤]𝜑))
 
Theoremiotain 40629 Equivalence between two different forms of . (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 15-Jul-2011.)
(∃!𝑥𝜑 {𝑥𝜑} = (℩𝑥𝜑))
 
Theoremiotaexeu 40630 The iota class exists. This theorem does not require ax-nul 5202 for its proof. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 11-Jul-2011.)
(∃!𝑥𝜑 → (℩𝑥𝜑) ∈ V)
 
Theoremiotasbc 40631* Definition *14.01 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 184. In Principia Mathematica, Russell and Whitehead define in terms of a function of (℩𝑥𝜑). Their definition differs in that a function of (℩𝑥𝜑) evaluates to "false" when there isn't a single 𝑥 that satisfies 𝜑. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 11-Jul-2011.)
(∃!𝑥𝜑 → ([(℩𝑥𝜑) / 𝑦]𝜓 ↔ ∃𝑦(∀𝑥(𝜑𝑥 = 𝑦) ∧ 𝜓)))
 
Theoremiotasbc2 40632* Theorem *14.111 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 184. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 11-Jul-2011.)
((∃!𝑥𝜑 ∧ ∃!𝑥𝜓) → ([(℩𝑥𝜑) / 𝑦][(℩𝑥𝜓) / 𝑧]𝜒 ↔ ∃𝑦𝑧(∀𝑥(𝜑𝑥 = 𝑦) ∧ ∀𝑥(𝜓𝑥 = 𝑧) ∧ 𝜒)))
 
Theorempm14.12 40633* Theorem *14.12 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 184. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 11-Jul-2011.)
(∃!𝑥𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝑦((𝜑[𝑦 / 𝑥]𝜑) → 𝑥 = 𝑦))
 
Theorempm14.122a 40634* Theorem *14.122 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 185. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 9-Jun-2011.)
(𝐴𝑉 → (∀𝑥(𝜑𝑥 = 𝐴) ↔ (∀𝑥(𝜑𝑥 = 𝐴) ∧ [𝐴 / 𝑥]𝜑)))
 
Theorempm14.122b 40635* Theorem *14.122 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 185. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 9-Jun-2011.)
(𝐴𝑉 → ((∀𝑥(𝜑𝑥 = 𝐴) ∧ [𝐴 / 𝑥]𝜑) ↔ (∀𝑥(𝜑𝑥 = 𝐴) ∧ ∃𝑥𝜑)))
 
Theorempm14.122c 40636* Theorem *14.122 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 185. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 9-Jun-2011.)
(𝐴𝑉 → (∀𝑥(𝜑𝑥 = 𝐴) ↔ (∀𝑥(𝜑𝑥 = 𝐴) ∧ ∃𝑥𝜑)))
 
Theorempm14.123a 40637* Theorem *14.123 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 185. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 9-Jun-2011.)
((𝐴𝑉𝐵𝑊) → (∀𝑧𝑤(𝜑 ↔ (𝑧 = 𝐴𝑤 = 𝐵)) ↔ (∀𝑧𝑤(𝜑 → (𝑧 = 𝐴𝑤 = 𝐵)) ∧ [𝐴 / 𝑧][𝐵 / 𝑤]𝜑)))
 
Theorempm14.123b 40638* Theorem *14.123 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 185. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 9-Jun-2011.)
((𝐴𝑉𝐵𝑊) → ((∀𝑧𝑤(𝜑 → (𝑧 = 𝐴𝑤 = 𝐵)) ∧ [𝐴 / 𝑧][𝐵 / 𝑤]𝜑) ↔ (∀𝑧𝑤(𝜑 → (𝑧 = 𝐴𝑤 = 𝐵)) ∧ ∃𝑧𝑤𝜑)))
 
Theorempm14.123c 40639* Theorem *14.123 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 185. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 9-Jun-2011.)
((𝐴𝑉𝐵𝑊) → (∀𝑧𝑤(𝜑 ↔ (𝑧 = 𝐴𝑤 = 𝐵)) ↔ (∀𝑧𝑤(𝜑 → (𝑧 = 𝐴𝑤 = 𝐵)) ∧ ∃𝑧𝑤𝜑)))
 
Theorempm14.18 40640 Theorem *14.18 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 189. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 11-Jul-2011.)
(∃!𝑥𝜑 → (∀𝑥𝜓[(℩𝑥𝜑) / 𝑥]𝜓))
 
Theoremiotaequ 40641* Theorem *14.2 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 189. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 11-Jul-2011.)
(℩𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦) = 𝑦
 
Theoremiotavalb 40642* Theorem *14.202 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 189. A biconditional version of iotaval 6323. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 11-Jul-2011.)
(∃!𝑥𝜑 → (∀𝑥(𝜑𝑥 = 𝑦) ↔ (℩𝑥𝜑) = 𝑦))
 
Theoremiotasbc5 40643* Theorem *14.205 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 190. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 11-Jul-2011.)
(∃!𝑥𝜑 → ([(℩𝑥𝜑) / 𝑦]𝜓 ↔ ∃𝑦(𝑦 = (℩𝑥𝜑) ∧ 𝜓)))
 
Theorempm14.24 40644* Theorem *14.24 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 191. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 12-Jul-2011.)
(∃!𝑥𝜑 → ∀𝑦([𝑦 / 𝑥]𝜑𝑦 = (℩𝑥𝜑)))
 
Theoremiotavalsb 40645* Theorem *14.242 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 192. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 11-Jul-2011.)
(∀𝑥(𝜑𝑥 = 𝑦) → ([𝑦 / 𝑧]𝜓[(℩𝑥𝜑) / 𝑧]𝜓))
 
Theoremsbiota1 40646 Theorem *14.25 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 192. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 12-Jul-2011.)
(∃!𝑥𝜑 → (∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓) ↔ [(℩𝑥𝜑) / 𝑥]𝜓))
 
Theoremsbaniota 40647 Theorem *14.26 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 192. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 12-Jul-2011.)
(∃!𝑥𝜑 → (∃𝑥(𝜑𝜓) ↔ [(℩𝑥𝜑) / 𝑥]𝜓))
 
TheoremeubiOLD 40648 Obsolete proof of eubi 2665 as of 7-Oct-2022. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 11-Jul-2011.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
(∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓) → (∃!𝑥𝜑 ↔ ∃!𝑥𝜓))
 
Theoremiotasbcq 40649 Theorem *14.272 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 193. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 11-Jul-2011.)
(∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓) → ([(℩𝑥𝜑) / 𝑦]𝜒[(℩𝑥𝜓) / 𝑦]𝜒))
 
20.34.5  Set Theory
 
Theoremelnev 40650* Any set that contains one element less than the universe is not equal to it. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 16-Jun-2011.)
(𝐴 ∈ V ↔ {𝑥 ∣ ¬ 𝑥 = 𝐴} ≠ V)
 
TheoremrusbcALT 40651 A version of Russell's paradox which is proven using proper substitution. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 18-Jun-2011.) (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)
{𝑥𝑥𝑥} ∉ V
 
Theoremcompeq 40652* Equality between two ways of saying "the complement of 𝐴". (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 15-Jul-2011.)
(V ∖ 𝐴) = {𝑥 ∣ ¬ 𝑥𝐴}
 
Theoremcompne 40653 The complement of 𝐴 is not equal to 𝐴. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 15-Jul-2011.) (Proof shortened by BJ, 11-Nov-2021.)
(V ∖ 𝐴) ≠ 𝐴
 
Theoremcompab 40654 Two ways of saying "the complement of a class abstraction". (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 15-Jul-2011.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 11-Dec-2016.)
(V ∖ {𝑧𝜑}) = {𝑧 ∣ ¬ 𝜑}
 
Theoremconss2 40655 Contrapositive law for subsets. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 15-Jul-2011.)
(𝐴 ⊆ (V ∖ 𝐵) ↔ 𝐵 ⊆ (V ∖ 𝐴))
 
Theoremconss1 40656 Contrapositive law for subsets. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 15-Jul-2011.)
((V ∖ 𝐴) ⊆ 𝐵 ↔ (V ∖ 𝐵) ⊆ 𝐴)
 
Theoremralbidar 40657 More general form of ralbida 3230. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 25-Jul-2011.)
(𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝐴 𝜑)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐴) → (𝜓𝜒))       (𝜑 → (∀𝑥𝐴 𝜓 ↔ ∀𝑥𝐴 𝜒))
 
Theoremrexbidar 40658 More general form of rexbida 3318. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 25-Jul-2011.)
(𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝐴 𝜑)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐴) → (𝜓𝜒))       (𝜑 → (∃𝑥𝐴 𝜓 ↔ ∃𝑥𝐴 𝜒))
 
Theoremdropab1 40659 Theorem to aid use of the distinctor reduction theorem with ordered pair class abstraction. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 25-Jul-2011.)
(∀𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑦 → {⟨𝑥, 𝑧⟩ ∣ 𝜑} = {⟨𝑦, 𝑧⟩ ∣ 𝜑})
 
Theoremdropab2 40660 Theorem to aid use of the distinctor reduction theorem with ordered pair class abstraction. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 25-Jul-2011.)
(∀𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑦 → {⟨𝑧, 𝑥⟩ ∣ 𝜑} = {⟨𝑧, 𝑦⟩ ∣ 𝜑})
 
Theoremipo0 40661 If the identity relation partially orders any class, then that class is the null class. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 25-Jul-2011.)
( I Po 𝐴𝐴 = ∅)
 
Theoremifr0 40662 A class that is founded by the identity relation is null. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 25-Jul-2011.)
( I Fr 𝐴𝐴 = ∅)
 
Theoremordpss 40663 ordelpss 6213 with an antecedent removed. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 25-Jul-2011.)
(Ord 𝐵 → (𝐴𝐵𝐴𝐵))
 
Theoremfvsb 40664* Explicit substitution of a value of a function into a wff. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 1-Aug-2011.)
(∃!𝑦 𝐴𝐹𝑦 → ([(𝐹𝐴) / 𝑥]𝜑 ↔ ∃𝑥(∀𝑦(𝐴𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥) ∧ 𝜑)))
 
Theoremfveqsb 40665* Implicit substitution of a value of a function into a wff. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 1-Aug-2011.)
(𝑥 = (𝐹𝐴) → (𝜑𝜓))    &   𝑥𝜓       (∃!𝑦 𝐴𝐹𝑦 → (𝜓 ↔ ∃𝑥(∀𝑦(𝐴𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥) ∧ 𝜑)))
 
Theoremxpexb 40666 A Cartesian product exists iff its converse does. Corollary 6.9(1) in [TakeutiZaring] p. 26. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 13-Nov-2011.)
((𝐴 × 𝐵) ∈ V ↔ (𝐵 × 𝐴) ∈ V)
 
Theoremtrelpss 40667 An element of a transitive set is a proper subset of it. Theorem 7.2 in [TakeutiZaring] p. 35. Unlike tz7.2 5533, ax-reg 9045 is required for its proof. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 13-Nov-2011.)
((Tr 𝐴𝐵𝐴) → 𝐵𝐴)
 
20.34.6  Arithmetic
 
Theoremaddcomgi 40668 Generalization of commutative law for addition. Simplifies proofs dealing with vectors. However, it is dependent on our particular definition of ordered pair. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 28-Jan-2012.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 6-May-2015.)
(𝐴 + 𝐵) = (𝐵 + 𝐴)
 
20.34.7  Geometry
 
Syntaxcplusr 40669 Introduce the operation of vector addition.
class +𝑟
 
Syntaxcminusr 40670 Introduce the operation of vector subtraction.
class -𝑟
 
Syntaxctimesr 40671 Introduce the operation of scalar multiplication.
class .𝑣
 
Syntaxcptdfc 40672 PtDf is a predicate that is crucial for the definition of lines as well as proving a number of important theorems.
class PtDf(𝐴, 𝐵)
 
Syntaxcrr3c 40673 RR3 is a class.
class RR3
 
Syntaxcline3 40674 line3 is a class.
class line3
 
Definitiondf-addr 40675* Define the operation of vector addition. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 27-Jan-2012.)
+𝑟 = (𝑥 ∈ V, 𝑦 ∈ V ↦ (𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ ((𝑥𝑣) + (𝑦𝑣))))
 
Definitiondf-subr 40676* Define the operation of vector subtraction. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 27-Jan-2012.)
-𝑟 = (𝑥 ∈ V, 𝑦 ∈ V ↦ (𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ ((𝑥𝑣) − (𝑦𝑣))))
 
Definitiondf-mulv 40677* Define the operation of scalar multiplication. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 27-Jan-2012.)
.𝑣 = (𝑥 ∈ V, 𝑦 ∈ V ↦ (𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 · (𝑦𝑣))))
 
Theoremaddrval 40678* Value of the operation of vector addition. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 27-Jan-2012.)
((𝐴𝐶𝐵𝐷) → (𝐴+𝑟𝐵) = (𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ ((𝐴𝑣) + (𝐵𝑣))))
 
Theoremsubrval 40679* Value of the operation of vector subtraction. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 27-Jan-2012.)
((𝐴𝐶𝐵𝐷) → (𝐴-𝑟𝐵) = (𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ ((𝐴𝑣) − (𝐵𝑣))))
 
Theoremmulvval 40680* Value of the operation of scalar multiplication. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 27-Jan-2012.)
((𝐴𝐶𝐵𝐷) → (𝐴.𝑣𝐵) = (𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝐴 · (𝐵𝑣))))
 
Theoremaddrfv 40681 Vector addition at a value. The operation takes each vector 𝐴 and 𝐵 and forms a new vector whose values are the sum of each of the values of 𝐴 and 𝐵. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 27-Jan-2012.)
((𝐴𝐸𝐵𝐷𝐶 ∈ ℝ) → ((𝐴+𝑟𝐵)‘𝐶) = ((𝐴𝐶) + (𝐵𝐶)))
 
Theoremsubrfv 40682 Vector subtraction at a value. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 27-Jan-2012.)
((𝐴𝐸𝐵𝐷𝐶 ∈ ℝ) → ((𝐴-𝑟𝐵)‘𝐶) = ((𝐴𝐶) − (𝐵𝐶)))
 
Theoremmulvfv 40683 Scalar multiplication at a value. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 27-Jan-2012.)
((𝐴𝐸𝐵𝐷𝐶 ∈ ℝ) → ((𝐴.𝑣𝐵)‘𝐶) = (𝐴 · (𝐵𝐶)))
 
Theoremaddrfn 40684 Vector addition produces a function. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 27-Jan-2012.)
((𝐴𝐶𝐵𝐷) → (𝐴+𝑟𝐵) Fn ℝ)
 
Theoremsubrfn 40685 Vector subtraction produces a function. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 27-Jan-2012.)
((𝐴𝐶𝐵𝐷) → (𝐴-𝑟𝐵) Fn ℝ)
 
Theoremmulvfn 40686 Scalar multiplication producees a function. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 27-Jan-2012.)
((𝐴𝐶𝐵𝐷) → (𝐴.𝑣𝐵) Fn ℝ)
 
Theoremaddrcom 40687 Vector addition is commutative. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 28-Jan-2012.)
((𝐴𝐶𝐵𝐷) → (𝐴+𝑟𝐵) = (𝐵+𝑟𝐴))
 
Definitiondf-ptdf 40688* Define the predicate PtDf, which is a utility definition used to shorten definitions and simplify proofs. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 15-Jul-2012.)
PtDf(𝐴, 𝐵) = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (((𝑥.𝑣(𝐵-𝑟𝐴)) +𝑣 𝐴) “ {1, 2, 3}))
 
Definitiondf-rr3 40689 Define the set of all points RR3. We define each point 𝐴 as a function to allow the use of vector addition and subtraction as well as scalar multiplication in our proofs. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 15-Jul-2012.)
RR3 = (ℝ ↑m {1, 2, 3})
 
Definitiondf-line3 40690* Define the set of all lines. A line is an infinite subset of RR3 that satisfies a PtDf property. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 15-Jul-2012.)
line3 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝒫 RR3 ∣ (2o𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦𝑥𝑧𝑥 (𝑧𝑦 → ran PtDf(𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥))}
 
20.35  Mathbox for Alan Sare

We are sad to report the passing of long-time contributor Alan Sare (Nov. 9, 1954 - Mar. 23, 2019).

Alan's first contribution to Metamath was a shorter proof for tfrlem8 8011 in 2008.

He developed a tool called "completeusersproof" that assists developing proofs using his "virtual deduction" method: https://us.metamath.org/other.html#completeusersproof 8011. His virtual deduction method is explained in the comment for wvd1 40783.

Below are some excerpts from his first emails to NM in 2007:

...I have been interested in proving set theory theorems for many years for mental exercise. I enjoy it. I have used a book by Martin Zuckerman. It is informal. I am interested in completely and perfectly proving theorems. Mr. Zuckerman leaves out most of the steps of a proof, of course, like most authors do, as you have noted. A complete proof for higher theorems would require a volume of writing similar to the Metamath documents. So I am frustrated when I am not capable of constructing a proof and Zuckerman leaves out steps I do not understand. I could search for the steps in other texts, but I don't do that too much. Metamath may be the answer for me....

...If we go beyond mathematics, I believe that it is possible to write down all human knowledge in a way similar to the way you have explicated large areas of mathematics. Of course, that would be a much, much more difficult job. For example, it is possible to take a hard science like physics, construct axioms based on experimental results, and to cast all of physics into a collection of axioms and theorems. Maybe this has already been attempted, although I am not familiar with it. When one then moves on to the soft sciences such as social science, this job gets much more difficult. The key is: All human thought consists of logical operations on abstract objects. Usually, these logical operations are done informally. There is no reason why one cannot take any subject and explicate it and take it down to the indivisible postulates in a formal rigorous way....

...When I read a math book or an engineering book I come across something I don't understand and I am compelled to understand it. But, often it is hopeless. I don't have the time. Or, I would have to read the same thing by multiple authors in the hope that different authors would give parts of the working proof that others have omitted. It is very inefficient. Because I have always been inclined to "get to the bottom" for a 100% fully understood proof....

 
20.35.1  Auxiliary theorems for the Virtual Deduction tool
 
TheoremidiALT 40691 Placeholder for idi 1. Though unnecessary, this theorem is sometimes used in proofs in this mathbox for pedagogical purposes. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 31-Dec-2011.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
𝜑       𝜑
 
Theoremexbir 40692 Exportation implication also converting the consequent from a biconditional to an implication. Derived automatically from exbirVD 41067. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 31-Dec-2011.)
(((𝜑𝜓) → (𝜒𝜃)) → (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜃𝜒))))
 
Theorem3impexpbicom 40693 Version of 3impexp 1350 where in addition the consequent is commuted. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 31-Dec-2011.)
(((𝜑𝜓𝜒) → (𝜃𝜏)) ↔ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜏𝜃)))))
 
Theorem3impexpbicomi 40694 Inference associated with 3impexpbicom 40693. Derived automatically from 3impexpbicomiVD 41072. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 31-Dec-2011.)
((𝜑𝜓𝜒) → (𝜃𝜏))       (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜏𝜃))))
 
20.35.2  Supplementary unification deductions
 
Theorembi1imp 40695 Importation inference similar to imp 407, except the outermost implication of the hypothesis is a biconditional. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 6-Nov-2017.)
(𝜑 ↔ (𝜓𝜒))       ((𝜑𝜓) → 𝜒)
 
Theorembi2imp 40696 Importation inference similar to imp 407, except both implications of the hypothesis are biconditionals. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 6-Nov-2017.)
(𝜑 ↔ (𝜓𝜒))       ((𝜑𝜓) → 𝜒)
 
Theorembi3impb 40697 Similar to 3impb 1107 with implication in hypothesis replaced by biconditional. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 6-Nov-2017.)
((𝜑 ∧ (𝜓𝜒)) ↔ 𝜃)       ((𝜑𝜓𝜒) → 𝜃)
 
Theorembi3impa 40698 Similar to 3impa 1102 with implication in hypothesis replaced by biconditional. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 6-Nov-2017.)
(((𝜑𝜓) ∧ 𝜒) ↔ 𝜃)       ((𝜑𝜓𝜒) → 𝜃)
 
Theorembi23impib 40699 3impib 1108 with the inner implication of the hypothesis a biconditional. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 6-Nov-2017.)
(𝜑 → ((𝜓𝜒) ↔ 𝜃))       ((𝜑𝜓𝜒) → 𝜃)
 
Theorembi13impib 40700 3impib 1108 with the outer implication of the hypothesis a biconditional. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 6-Nov-2017.)
(𝜑 ↔ ((𝜓𝜒) → 𝜃))       ((𝜑𝜓𝜒) → 𝜃)
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