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Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 42301-42400   *Has distinct variable group(s)
TypeLabelDescription
Statement
 
Theoremfourierdlem28 42301* Derivative of (𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)). (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝐷 = (ℝ D (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵))))    &   (𝜑𝐷:((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵))⟶ℝ)       (𝜑 → (ℝ D (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)))) = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (𝐷‘(𝑋 + 𝑠))))
 
Theoremfourierdlem29 42302* Explicit function value for 𝐾 applied to 𝐴. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))       (𝐴 ∈ (-π[,]π) → (𝐾𝐴) = if(𝐴 = 0, 1, (𝐴 / (2 · (sin‘(𝐴 / 2))))))
 
Theoremfourierdlem30 42303* Sum of three small pieces is less than ε. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑 → (𝑥𝐼 ↦ (𝐹 · -𝐺)) ∈ 𝐿1)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐼) → 𝐹 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐼) → 𝐺 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   𝑋 = (abs‘𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   𝑌 = (abs‘𝐶)    &   𝑍 = (abs‘∫𝐼(𝐹 · -𝐺) d𝑥)    &   (𝜑𝐸 ∈ ℝ+)    &   (𝜑𝑅 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → ((((𝑋 + 𝑌) + 𝑍) / 𝐸) + 1) ≤ 𝑅)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → (abs‘𝐵) ≤ 1)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → (abs‘𝐷) ≤ 1)       (𝜑 → (abs‘(((𝐴 · -(𝐵 / 𝑅)) − (𝐶 · -(𝐷 / 𝑅))) − ∫𝐼(𝐹 · -(𝐺 / 𝑅)) d𝑥)) < 𝐸)
 
Theoremfourierdlem31 42304* If 𝐴 is finite and for any element in 𝐴 there is a number 𝑚 such that a property holds for all numbers larger than 𝑚, then there is a number 𝑛 such that the property holds for all numbers larger than 𝑛 and for all elements in 𝐴. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.) (Revised by AV, 29-Sep-2020.)
𝑖𝜑    &   𝑟𝜑    &   𝑖𝑉    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑 → ∀𝑖𝐴𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∀𝑟 ∈ (𝑚(,)+∞)𝜒)    &   𝑀 = {𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∣ ∀𝑟 ∈ (𝑚(,)+∞)𝜒}    &   𝑉 = (𝑖𝐴 ↦ inf(𝑀, ℝ, < ))    &   𝑁 = sup(ran 𝑉, ℝ, < )       (𝜑 → ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ ∀𝑟 ∈ (𝑛(,)+∞)∀𝑖𝐴 𝜒)
 
Theoremfourierdlem32 42305 Limit of a continuous function on an open subinterval. Lower bound version. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   (𝜑𝐹 ∈ ((𝐴(,)𝐵)–cn→ℂ))    &   (𝜑𝑅 ∈ (𝐹 lim 𝐴))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐶 < 𝐷)    &   (𝜑 → (𝐶(,)𝐷) ⊆ (𝐴(,)𝐵))    &   𝑌 = if(𝐶 = 𝐴, 𝑅, (𝐹𝐶))    &   𝐽 = ((TopOpen‘ℂfld) ↾t (𝐴[,)𝐵))       (𝜑𝑌 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝐶(,)𝐷)) lim 𝐶))
 
Theoremfourierdlem33 42306 Limit of a continuous function on an open subinterval. Upper bound version. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   (𝜑𝐹 ∈ ((𝐴(,)𝐵)–cn→ℂ))    &   (𝜑𝐿 ∈ (𝐹 lim 𝐵))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐶 < 𝐷)    &   (𝜑 → (𝐶(,)𝐷) ⊆ (𝐴(,)𝐵))    &   𝑌 = if(𝐷 = 𝐵, 𝐿, (𝐹𝐷))    &   𝐽 = ((TopOpen‘ℂfld) ↾t ((𝐴(,)𝐵) ∪ {𝐵}))       (𝜑𝑌 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝐶(,)𝐷)) lim 𝐷))
 
Theoremfourierdlem34 42307* A partition is one to one. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))       (𝜑𝑄:(0...𝑀)–1-1→ℝ)
 
Theoremfourierdlem35 42308 There is a single point in (𝐴(,]𝐵) that's distant from 𝑋 a multiple integer of 𝑇. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐼 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝐽 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑 → (𝑋 + (𝐼 · 𝑇)) ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵))    &   (𝜑 → (𝑋 + (𝐽 · 𝑇)) ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵))       (𝜑𝐼 = 𝐽)
 
Theoremfourierdlem36 42309* 𝐹 is an isomorphism. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ⊆ ℝ)    &   𝐹 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐴))    &   𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐴) − 1)       (𝜑𝐹 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐴))
 
Theoremfourierdlem37 42310* 𝐼 is a function that maps any real point to the point that in the partition that immediately precedes the corresponding periodic point in the interval. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   𝐿 = (𝑦 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑦 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑦))    &   𝐼 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄𝑖) ≤ (𝐿‘(𝐸𝑥))}, ℝ, < ))       (𝜑 → (𝐼:ℝ⟶(0..^𝑀) ∧ (𝑥 ∈ ℝ → sup({𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄𝑖) ≤ (𝐿‘(𝐸𝑥))}, ℝ, < ) ∈ {𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄𝑖) ≤ (𝐿‘(𝐸𝑥))})))
 
Theoremfourierdlem38 42311* The function 𝐹 is continuous on every interval induced by the partition 𝑄. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹 ∈ (dom 𝐹cn→ℂ))    &   𝑃 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑛)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝𝑛) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑛)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   𝐻 = (𝐴 ∪ ((-π[,]π) ∖ dom 𝐹))    &   (𝜑 → ran 𝑄 = 𝐻)       ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))
 
Theoremfourierdlem39 42312* Integration by parts of ∫(𝐴(,)𝐵)((𝐹𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑅 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴𝐵)    &   (𝜑𝐹 ∈ ((𝐴[,]𝐵)–cn→ℂ))    &   𝐺 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   (𝜑𝐺 ∈ ((𝐴(,)𝐵)–cn→ℂ))    &   (𝜑 → ∃𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑥 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵)(abs‘(𝐺𝑥)) ≤ 𝑦)    &   (𝜑𝑅 ∈ ℝ+)       (𝜑 → ∫(𝐴(,)𝐵)((𝐹𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑅 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 = ((((𝐹𝐵) · -((cos‘(𝑅 · 𝐵)) / 𝑅)) − ((𝐹𝐴) · -((cos‘(𝑅 · 𝐴)) / 𝑅))) − ∫(𝐴(,)𝐵)((𝐺𝑥) · -((cos‘(𝑅 · 𝑥)) / 𝑅)) d𝑥))
 
Theoremfourierdlem40 42313* 𝐻 is a continuous function on any partition interval. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ (-π[,]π))    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ (-π[,]π))    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵))    &   (𝜑 → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝐴 + 𝑋)(,)(𝐵 + 𝑋))) ∈ (((𝐴 + 𝑋)(,)(𝐵 + 𝑋))–cn→ℂ))    &   (𝜑𝑌 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑊 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))       (𝜑 → (𝐻 ↾ (𝐴(,)𝐵)) ∈ ((𝐴(,)𝐵)–cn→ℂ))
 
Theoremfourierdlem41 42314* Lemma used to prove that every real is a limit point for the domain of the derivative of the periodic function to be approximated. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐷𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ 𝐷)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑍 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇))    &   𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + (𝑍𝑥)))    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))) ⊆ 𝐷)       (𝜑 → (∃𝑦 ∈ ℝ (𝑦 < 𝑋 ∧ (𝑦(,)𝑋) ⊆ 𝐷) ∧ ∃𝑦 ∈ ℝ (𝑋 < 𝑦 ∧ (𝑋(,)𝑦) ⊆ 𝐷)))
 
Theoremfourierdlem42 42315* The set of points in a moved partition are finite. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.) (Revised by AV, 29-Sep-2020.)
(𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 < 𝐶)    &   𝑇 = (𝐶𝐵)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ⊆ (𝐵[,]𝐶))    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝐶𝐴)    &   𝐷 = (abs ∘ − )    &   𝐼 = ((𝐴 × 𝐴) ∖ I )    &   𝑅 = ran (𝐷𝐼)    &   𝐸 = inf(𝑅, ℝ, < )    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑌 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝐽 = (topGen‘ran (,))    &   𝐾 = (𝐽t (𝑋[,]𝑌))    &   𝐻 = {𝑥 ∈ (𝑋[,]𝑌) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ 𝐴}    &   (𝜓 ↔ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑎 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑏 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑎 < 𝑏)) ∧ ∃𝑗 ∈ ℤ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ ((𝑎 + (𝑗 · 𝑇)) ∈ 𝐴 ∧ (𝑏 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ 𝐴)))       (𝜑𝐻 ∈ Fin)
 
Theoremfourierdlem43 42316 𝐾 is a real function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))       𝐾:(-π[,]π)⟶ℝ
 
Theoremfourierdlem44 42317 A condition for having (sin‘(𝐴 / 2)) nonzero. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
((𝐴 ∈ (-π[,]π) ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 0) → (sin‘(𝐴 / 2)) ≠ 0)
 
Theoremfourierdlem46 42318* The function 𝐹 has a limit at the bounds of every interval induced by the partition 𝑄. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹 ∈ (dom 𝐹cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ((-π[,)π) ∖ dom 𝐹)) → ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑥(,)+∞)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ((-π(,]π) ∖ dom 𝐹)) → ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑥)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   (𝜑𝑄 Isom < , < ((0...𝑀), 𝐻))    &   (𝜑𝑄:(0...𝑀)⟶𝐻)    &   (𝜑𝐼 ∈ (0..^𝑀))    &   (𝜑 → (𝑄𝐼) < (𝑄‘(𝐼 + 1)))    &   (𝜑 → ((𝑄𝐼)(,)(𝑄‘(𝐼 + 1))) ⊆ (-π(,)π))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝐻 = ({-π, π, 𝐶} ∪ ((-π[,]π) ∖ dom 𝐹))    &   (𝜑 → ran 𝑄 = 𝐻)       (𝜑 → (((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝐼)(,)(𝑄‘(𝐼 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝐼)) ≠ ∅ ∧ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝐼)(,)(𝑄‘(𝐼 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝐼 + 1))) ≠ ∅))
 
Theoremfourierdlem47 42319* For 𝑟 large enough, the final expression is less than the given positive 𝐸. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑 → (𝑥𝐼𝐹) ∈ 𝐿1)    &   ((𝜑𝑟 ∈ ℝ) → (𝑥𝐼 ↦ (𝐹 · -𝐺)) ∈ 𝐿1)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐼) → 𝐹 ∈ ℂ)    &   (((𝜑𝑥𝐼) ∧ 𝑟 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐺 ∈ ℂ)    &   (((𝜑𝑥𝐼) ∧ 𝑟 ∈ ℝ) → (abs‘𝐺) ≤ 1)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   𝑋 = (abs‘𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   𝑌 = (abs‘𝐶)    &   𝑍 = ∫𝐼(abs‘𝐹) d𝑥    &   (𝜑𝐸 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ((𝜑𝑟 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑟 ∈ ℝ) → (abs‘𝐵) ≤ 1)    &   ((𝜑𝑟 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐷 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑟 ∈ ℝ) → (abs‘𝐷) ≤ 1)    &   𝑀 = ((⌊‘((((𝑋 + 𝑌) + 𝑍) / 𝐸) + 1)) + 1)       (𝜑 → ∃𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∀𝑟 ∈ (𝑚(,)+∞)(abs‘(((𝐴 · -(𝐵 / 𝑟)) − (𝐶 · -(𝐷 / 𝑟))) − ∫𝐼(𝐹 · -(𝐺 / 𝑟)) d𝑥)) < 𝐸)
 
Theoremfourierdlem48 42320* The given periodic function 𝐹 has a right limit at every point in the reals. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐹:𝐷⟶ℝ)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐷𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ 𝐷)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐷𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇))) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑍 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇))    &   𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + (𝑍𝑥)))    &   (𝜒 ↔ ((((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ ((𝑄𝑖)[,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) ∧ 𝑦 = (𝑋 + (𝑘 · 𝑇))))       (𝜑 → ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋) ≠ ∅)
 
Theoremfourierdlem49 42321* The given periodic function 𝐹 has a left limit at every point in the reals. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐷 ⊆ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐹:𝐷⟶ℝ)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐷𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ 𝐷)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐷𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇))) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑍 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇))    &   𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + (𝑍𝑥)))       (𝜑 → ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋) ≠ ∅)
 
Theoremfourierdlem50 42322* Continuity of 𝑂 and its limits with respect to the 𝑆 partition. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑉 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   (𝜑 → (𝐴[,]𝐵) ⊆ (-π[,]π))    &   𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   𝑇 = ({𝐴, 𝐵} ∪ (ran 𝑄 ∩ (𝐴(,)𝐵)))    &   𝑁 = ((♯‘𝑇) − 1)    &   𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝑇))    &   (𝜑𝐽 ∈ (0..^𝑁))    &   𝑈 = (𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)((𝑆𝐽)(,)(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))) ⊆ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   (𝜒 ↔ ((((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) ∧ ((𝑆𝐽)(,)(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))) ⊆ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) ∧ ((𝑆𝐽)(,)(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))) ⊆ ((𝑄𝑘)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑘 + 1)))))       (𝜑 → (𝑈 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∧ ((𝑆𝐽)(,)(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))) ⊆ ((𝑄𝑈)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑈 + 1)))))
 
Theoremfourierdlem51 42323* 𝑋 is in the periodic partition, when the considered interval is centered at 𝑋. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 < 0)    &   (𝜑 → 0 < 𝐵)    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ⊆ (𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   (𝜑𝐵𝐶)    &   𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → (𝐸𝑋) ∈ 𝐶)    &   𝐷 = ({(𝐴 + 𝑋), (𝐵 + 𝑋)} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ ((𝐴 + 𝑋)[,](𝐵 + 𝑋)) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ 𝐶})    &   𝐹 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...((♯‘𝐷) − 1)), 𝐷))    &   𝐻 = {𝑦 ∈ ((𝐴 + 𝑋)(,](𝐵 + 𝑋)) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ 𝐶}       (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ran 𝐹)
 
Theoremfourierdlem52 42324* d16:d17,d18:jca |- ( ph -> ( ( S 0) ≤ 𝐴𝐴 ≤ (𝑆 0 ) ) ) . (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝑇 ∈ Fin)    &   𝑁 = ((♯‘𝑇) − 1)    &   𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝑇))    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑇 ⊆ (𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   (𝜑𝐴𝑇)    &   (𝜑𝐵𝑇)       (𝜑 → ((𝑆:(0...𝑁)⟶(𝐴[,]𝐵) ∧ (𝑆‘0) = 𝐴) ∧ (𝑆𝑁) = 𝐵))
 
Theoremfourierdlem53 42325* The limit of 𝐹(𝑠) at (𝑋 + 𝐷) is the limit of 𝐹(𝑋 + 𝑠) at 𝐷. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ⊆ ℝ)    &   𝐺 = (𝑠𝐴 ↦ (𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)))    &   ((𝜑𝑠𝐴) → (𝑋 + 𝑠) ∈ 𝐵)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ⊆ ℝ)    &   ((𝜑𝑠𝐴) → 𝑠𝐷)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ((𝐹𝐵) lim (𝑋 + 𝐷)))    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑𝐶 ∈ (𝐺 lim 𝐷))
 
Theoremfourierdlem54 42326* Given a partition 𝑄 and an arbitrary interval [𝐶, 𝐷], a partition 𝑆 on [𝐶, 𝐷] is built such that it preserves any periodic function piecewise continuous on 𝑄 will be piecewise continuous on 𝑆, with the same limits. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐶 < 𝐷)    &   𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐶 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐷) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝐻 = ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑥 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))       (𝜑 → ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑆 ∈ (𝑂𝑁)) ∧ 𝑆 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻)))
 
Theoremfourierdlem55 42327* 𝑈 is a real function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑌 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑊 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻𝑠) · (𝐾𝑠)))       (𝜑𝑈:(-π[,]π)⟶ℝ)
 
Theoremfourierdlem56 42328* Derivative of the 𝐾 function on an interval not containing ' 0 '. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   (𝜑 → (𝐴(,)𝐵) ⊆ ((-π[,]π) ∖ {0}))    &   ((𝜑𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵)) → 𝑠 ≠ 0)       (𝜑 → (ℝ D (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (𝐾𝑠))) = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ ((((sin‘(𝑠 / 2)) − (((cos‘(𝑠 / 2)) / 2) · 𝑠)) / ((sin‘(𝑠 / 2))↑2)) / 2)))
 
Theoremfourierdlem57 42329* The derivative of 𝑂. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → (ℝ D (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵)))):((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵))⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → (𝐴(,)𝐵) ⊆ (-π[,]π))    &   (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑂 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − 𝐶) / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))       ((𝜑 → ((ℝ D 𝑂):(𝐴(,)𝐵)⟶ℝ ∧ (ℝ D 𝑂) = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (((((ℝ D (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵))))‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) · (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))) − ((cos‘(𝑠 / 2)) · ((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − 𝐶))) / ((2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))↑2))))) ∧ (ℝ D (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))) = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (cos‘(𝑠 / 2))))
 
Theoremfourierdlem58 42330* The derivative of 𝐾 is continuous on the given interval. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝐾 = (𝑠𝐴 ↦ (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))    &   (𝜑𝐴 ⊆ (-π[,]π))    &   (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ 𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ (topGen‘ran (,)))       (𝜑 → (ℝ D 𝐾) ∈ (𝐴cn→ℝ))
 
Theoremfourierdlem59 42331* The derivative of 𝐻 is continuous on the given interval. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵))    &   (𝜑 → (ℝ D (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵)))) ∈ (((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵))–cn→ℝ))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − 𝐶) / 𝑠))       (𝜑 → (ℝ D 𝐻) ∈ ((𝐴(,)𝐵)–cn→ℝ))
 
Theoremfourierdlem60 42332* Given a differentiable function 𝐹, with finite limit of the derivative at 𝐴 the derived function 𝐻 has a limit at 0. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   (𝜑𝐹:(𝐴(,)𝐵)⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑌 ∈ (𝐹 lim 𝐵))    &   𝐺 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   (𝜑 → dom 𝐺 = (𝐴(,)𝐵))    &   (𝜑𝐸 ∈ (𝐺 lim 𝐵))    &   𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ ((𝐴𝐵)(,)0) ↦ (((𝐹‘(𝐵 + 𝑠)) − 𝑌) / 𝑠))    &   𝑁 = (𝑠 ∈ ((𝐴𝐵)(,)0) ↦ ((𝐹‘(𝐵 + 𝑠)) − 𝑌))    &   𝐷 = (𝑠 ∈ ((𝐴𝐵)(,)0) ↦ 𝑠)       (𝜑𝐸 ∈ (𝐻 lim 0))
 
Theoremfourierdlem61 42333* Given a differentiable function 𝐹, with finite limit of the derivative at 𝐴 the derived function 𝐻 has a limit at 0. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   (𝜑𝐹:(𝐴(,)𝐵)⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑌 ∈ (𝐹 lim 𝐴))    &   𝐺 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   (𝜑 → dom 𝐺 = (𝐴(,)𝐵))    &   (𝜑𝐸 ∈ (𝐺 lim 𝐴))    &   𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (0(,)(𝐵𝐴)) ↦ (((𝐹‘(𝐴 + 𝑠)) − 𝑌) / 𝑠))    &   𝑁 = (𝑠 ∈ (0(,)(𝐵𝐴)) ↦ ((𝐹‘(𝐴 + 𝑠)) − 𝑌))    &   𝐷 = (𝑠 ∈ (0(,)(𝐵𝐴)) ↦ 𝑠)       (𝜑𝐸 ∈ (𝐻 lim 0))
 
Theoremfourierdlem62 42334 The function 𝐾 is continuous. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝐾 = (𝑦 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑦 = 0, 1, (𝑦 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑦 / 2))))))       𝐾 ∈ ((-π[,]π)–cn→ℝ)
 
Theoremfourierdlem63 42335* The upper bound of intervals in the moved partition are mapped to points that are not greater than the corresponding upper bounds in the original partition. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐶 < 𝐷)    &   𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐶 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐷) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝐻 = ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑥 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))    &   𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   (𝜑𝐾 ∈ (0...𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐽 ∈ (0..^𝑁))    &   (𝜑𝑌 ∈ ((𝑆𝐽)[,)(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))))    &   (𝜑 → (𝐸𝑌) < (𝑄𝐾))    &   𝑋 = ((𝑄𝐾) − ((𝐸𝑌) − 𝑌))       (𝜑 → (𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))) ≤ (𝑄𝐾))
 
Theoremfourierdlem64 42336* The partition 𝑉 is finer than 𝑄, when 𝑄 is moved on the same interval where 𝑉 lies. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐶 < 𝐷)    &   𝐻 = ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   𝑉 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))    &   (𝜑𝐽 ∈ (0..^𝑁))    &   𝐿 = sup({𝑘 ∈ ℤ ∣ ((𝑄‘0) + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ≤ (𝑉𝐽)}, ℝ, < )    &   𝐼 = sup({𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ ((𝑄𝑗) + (𝐿 · 𝑇)) ≤ (𝑉𝐽)}, ℝ, < )       (𝜑 → ((𝐼 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∧ 𝐿 ∈ ℤ) ∧ ∃𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)∃𝑙 ∈ ℤ ((𝑉𝐽)(,)(𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1))) ⊆ (((𝑄𝑖) + (𝑙 · 𝑇))(,)((𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)) + (𝑙 · 𝑇)))))
 
Theoremfourierdlem65 42337* The distance of two adjacent points in the moved partition is preserved in the original partition. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))    &   𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐶 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐷) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝑁 = ((♯‘({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · (𝐵𝐴))) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)    &   𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · (𝐵𝐴))) ∈ ran 𝑄})))    &   𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   𝐿 = (𝑦 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑦 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑦))    &   𝑍 = ((𝑆𝑗) + (𝐵 − (𝐸‘(𝑆𝑗))))       ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) → ((𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) − (𝐿‘(𝐸‘(𝑆𝑗)))) = ((𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)) − (𝑆𝑗)))
 
Theoremfourierdlem66 42338* Value of the 𝐺 function when the argument is not zero. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑌 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑊 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝐷 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑠 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑠 mod (2 · π)) = 0, (((2 · 𝑛) + 1) / (2 · π)), ((sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)) / ((2 · π) · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))))    &   𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻𝑠) · (𝐾𝑠)))    &   𝑆 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ (sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)))    &   𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝑈𝑠) · (𝑆𝑠)))    &   𝐴 = ((-π[,]π) ∖ {0})       (((𝜑𝑛 ∈ ℕ) ∧ 𝑠𝐴) → (𝐺𝑠) = (π · (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) · ((𝐷𝑛)‘𝑠))))
 
Theoremfourierdlem67 42339* 𝐺 is a function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑌 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑊 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻𝑠) · (𝐾𝑠)))    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑆 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ (sin‘((𝑁 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)))    &   𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝑈𝑠) · (𝑆𝑠)))       (𝜑𝐺:(-π[,]π)⟶ℝ)
 
Theoremfourierdlem68 42340* The derivative of 𝑂 is bounded on the given interval. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   (𝜑 → (𝐴[,]𝐵) ⊆ (-π[,]π))    &   (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   (𝜑 → (ℝ D (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵)))):((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵))⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   ((𝜑𝑡 ∈ ((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵))) → (abs‘(𝐹𝑡)) ≤ 𝐷)    &   (𝜑𝐸 ∈ ℝ)    &   ((𝜑𝑡 ∈ ((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵))) → (abs‘((ℝ D (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵))))‘𝑡)) ≤ 𝐸)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑂 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − 𝐶) / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))       (𝜑 → (dom (ℝ D 𝑂) = (𝐴(,)𝐵) ∧ ∃𝑏 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑠 ∈ dom (ℝ D 𝑂)(abs‘((ℝ D 𝑂)‘𝑠)) ≤ 𝑏))
 
Theoremfourierdlem69 42341* A piecewise continuous function is integrable. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐹:(𝐴[,]𝐵)⟶ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))       (𝜑𝐹 ∈ 𝐿1)
 
Theoremfourierdlem70 42342* A piecewise continuous function is bounded. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴𝐵)    &   (𝜑𝐹:(𝐴[,]𝐵)⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄:(0...𝑀)⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → (𝑄‘0) = 𝐴)    &   (𝜑 → (𝑄𝑀) = 𝐵)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝑄𝑖) < (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   𝐼 = (𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ↦ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))       (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑠 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵)(abs‘(𝐹𝑠)) ≤ 𝑥)
 
Theoremfourierdlem71 42343* A periodic piecewise continuous function, possibly undefined on a finite set in each periodic interval, is bounded. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑 → dom 𝐹 ⊆ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐹:dom 𝐹⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄:(0...𝑀)⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → (𝑄‘0) = 𝐴)    &   (𝜑 → (𝑄𝑀) = 𝐵)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   (((𝜑𝑥 ∈ dom 𝐹) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ dom 𝐹)    &   (((𝜑𝑥 ∈ dom 𝐹) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇))) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   𝐼 = (𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ↦ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))       (𝜑 → ∃𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑥 ∈ dom 𝐹(abs‘(𝐹𝑥)) ≤ 𝑦)
 
Theoremfourierdlem72 42344* The derivative of 𝑂 is continuous on the given interval. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑉 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℝ))    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   (𝜑 → (𝐴(,)𝐵) ⊆ (-π[,]π))    &   (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝑈 ∈ (0..^𝑀))    &   (𝜑 → (𝐴(,)𝐵) ⊆ ((𝑄𝑈)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑈 + 1))))    &   𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − 𝐶) / 𝑠))    &   𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))    &   𝑂 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ ((𝐻𝑠) · (𝐾𝑠)))       (𝜑 → (ℝ D 𝑂) ∈ ((𝐴(,)𝐵)–cn→ℂ))
 
Theoremfourierdlem73 42345* A version of the Riemann Lebesgue lemma: as 𝑟 increases, the integral in 𝑆 goes to zero. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐹:(𝐴[,]𝐵)⟶ℂ)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄:(0...𝑀)⟶(𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   (𝜑 → (𝑄‘0) = 𝐴)    &   (𝜑 → (𝑄𝑀) = 𝐵)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝑄𝑖) < (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))    &   𝐺 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐺 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   (𝜑 → ∃𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑥 ∈ dom 𝐺(abs‘(𝐺𝑥)) ≤ 𝑦)    &   𝑆 = (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ↦ ∫(𝐴(,)𝐵)((𝐹𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑟 · 𝑥))) d𝑥)    &   𝐷 = (𝑥 ∈ ((𝑄𝑖)[,](𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))) ↦ if(𝑥 = (𝑄𝑖), 𝑅, if(𝑥 = (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)), 𝐿, (𝐹𝑥))))       (𝜑 → ∀𝑒 ∈ ℝ+𝑛 ∈ ℕ ∀𝑟 ∈ (𝑛(,)+∞)(abs‘∫(𝐴(,)𝐵)((𝐹𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑟 · 𝑥))) d𝑥) < 𝑒)
 
Theoremfourierdlem74 42346* Given a piecewise smooth function 𝐹, the derived function 𝐻 has a limit at the upper bound of each interval of the partition 𝑄. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ran 𝑉)    &   (𝜑𝑌 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑊 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋))    &   𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑉 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝐺 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐺 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))):((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐸 ∈ ((𝐺 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋))    &   𝐴 = if((𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)) = 𝑋, 𝐸, ((𝑅 − if((𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)) < 𝑋, 𝑊, 𝑌)) / (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))       ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐴 ∈ ((𝐻 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))
 
Theoremfourierdlem75 42347* Given a piecewise smooth function 𝐹, the derived function 𝐻 has a limit at the lower bound of each interval of the partition 𝑄. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ran 𝑉)    &   (𝜑𝑌 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝑊 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑉 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑉𝑖)))    &   𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝐺 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐺 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))):((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))⟶ℂ)    &   (𝜑𝐸 ∈ ((𝐺 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋))    &   𝐴 = if((𝑉𝑖) = 𝑋, 𝐸, ((𝑅 − if((𝑉𝑖) < 𝑋, 𝑊, 𝑌)) / (𝑄𝑖)))       ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐴 ∈ ((𝐻 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))
 
Theoremfourierdlem76 42348* Continuity of 𝑂 and its limits with respect to the 𝑆 partition. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑉 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑉𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   (𝜑 → (𝐴[,]𝐵) ⊆ (-π[,]π))    &   (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑂 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵) ↦ ((((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − 𝐶) / 𝑠) · (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   𝑇 = ({𝐴, 𝐵} ∪ (ran 𝑄 ∩ (𝐴(,)𝐵)))    &   𝑁 = ((♯‘𝑇) − 1)    &   𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝑇))    &   𝐷 = (((if((𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)) = (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)), 𝐿, (𝐹‘(𝑋 + (𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))))) − 𝐶) / (𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) · ((𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)) / (2 · (sin‘((𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)) / 2)))))    &   𝐸 = (((if((𝑆𝑗) = (𝑄𝑖), 𝑅, (𝐹‘(𝑋 + (𝑆𝑗)))) − 𝐶) / (𝑆𝑗)) · ((𝑆𝑗) / (2 · (sin‘((𝑆𝑗) / 2)))))    &   (𝜒 ↔ (((𝜑𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) ∧ ((𝑆𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) ⊆ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))))       ((((𝜑𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) ∧ ((𝑆𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) ⊆ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) → ((𝐷 ∈ ((𝑂 ↾ ((𝑆𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))) lim (𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ ((𝑂 ↾ ((𝑆𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))) lim (𝑆𝑗))) ∧ (𝑂 ↾ ((𝑆𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑆𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))–cn→ℂ)))
 
Theoremfourierdlem77 42349* If 𝐻 is bounded, then 𝑈 is bounded. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑌 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑊 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻𝑠) · (𝐾𝑠)))    &   (𝜑 → ∃𝑎 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π)(abs‘(𝐻𝑠)) ≤ 𝑎)       (𝜑 → ∃𝑏 ∈ ℝ+𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π)(abs‘(𝑈𝑠)) ≤ 𝑏)
 
Theoremfourierdlem78 42350* 𝐺 is continuous when restricted on an interval not containing 0. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ (-π[,]π))    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ (-π[,]π))    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵))    &   (𝜑 → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝐴 + 𝑋)(,)(𝐵 + 𝑋))) ∈ (((𝐴 + 𝑋)(,)(𝐵 + 𝑋))–cn→ℂ))    &   (𝜑𝑌 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑊 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻𝑠) · (𝐾𝑠)))    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑆 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ (sin‘((𝑁 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)))    &   𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝑈𝑠) · (𝑆𝑠)))       (𝜑 → (𝐺 ↾ (𝐴(,)𝐵)) ∈ ((𝐴(,)𝐵)–cn→ℝ))
 
Theoremfourierdlem79 42351* 𝐸 projects every interval of the partition induced by 𝑆 on 𝐻 into a corresponding interval of the partition induced by 𝑄 on [𝐴, 𝐵]. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐶 < 𝐷)    &   𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐶 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐷) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝐻 = ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑥 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))    &   𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   𝐿 = (𝑦 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑦 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑦))    &   𝑍 = ((𝑆𝑗) + if(((𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)) − (𝑆𝑗)) < ((𝑄‘1) − 𝐴), (((𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)) − (𝑆𝑗)) / 2), (((𝑄‘1) − 𝐴) / 2)))    &   𝐼 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄𝑖) ≤ (𝐿‘(𝐸𝑥))}, ℝ, < ))       ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) → ((𝐿‘(𝐸‘(𝑆𝑗)))(,)(𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))) ⊆ ((𝑄‘(𝐼‘(𝑆𝑗)))(,)(𝑄‘((𝐼‘(𝑆𝑗)) + 1))))
 
Theoremfourierdlem80 42352* The derivative of 𝑂 is bounded on the given interval. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → (𝐴[,]𝐵) ⊆ (-π[,]π))    &   (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑂 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵) ↦ (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − 𝐶) / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))    &   𝐼 = ((𝑋 + (𝑆𝑗))(,)(𝑋 + (𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))))    &   ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) → ∃𝑤 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑡𝐼 (abs‘(𝐹𝑡)) ≤ 𝑤)    &   ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑡𝐼 (abs‘((ℝ D (𝐹𝐼))‘𝑡)) ≤ 𝑧)    &   (𝜑𝑆:(0...𝑁)⟶(𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) → (𝑆𝑗) < (𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))    &   ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) → ((𝑆𝑗)[,](𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) ⊆ (𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   (((𝜑𝑟 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵)) ∧ ¬ 𝑟 ∈ ran 𝑆) → ∃𝑘 ∈ (0..^𝑁)𝑟 ∈ ((𝑆𝑘)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑘 + 1))))    &   ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) → (ℝ D (𝐹𝐼)):𝐼⟶ℝ)    &   𝑌 = (𝑠 ∈ ((𝑆𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) ↦ (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − 𝐶) / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))    &   (𝜒 ↔ (((((𝜑𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ ℝ) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ ℝ) ∧ ∀𝑡𝐼 (abs‘(𝐹𝑡)) ≤ 𝑤) ∧ ∀𝑡𝐼 (abs‘((ℝ D (𝐹𝐼))‘𝑡)) ≤ 𝑧))       (𝜑 → ∃𝑏 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑠 ∈ dom (ℝ D 𝑂)(abs‘((ℝ D 𝑂)‘𝑠)) ≤ 𝑏)
 
Theoremfourierdlem81 42353* The integral of a piecewise continuous periodic function 𝐹 is unchanged if the domain is shifted by its period 𝑇. In this lemma, 𝑇 is assumed to be strictly positive. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑇 ∈ ℝ+)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵)) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   𝑆 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑄𝑖) + 𝑇))    &   (𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ ((𝑄𝑖)[,](𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))) ↦ if(𝑥 = (𝑄𝑖), 𝑅, if(𝑥 = (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)), 𝐿, (𝐹𝑥))))    &   𝐻 = (𝑥 ∈ ((𝑆𝑖)[,](𝑆‘(𝑖 + 1))) ↦ (𝐺‘(𝑥𝑇)))       (𝜑 → ∫((𝐴 + 𝑇)[,](𝐵 + 𝑇))(𝐹𝑥) d𝑥 = ∫(𝐴[,]𝐵)(𝐹𝑥) d𝑥)
 
Theoremfourierdlem82 42354* Integral by substitution, adding a constant to the function's argument, for a function on an open interval with finite limits ad boundary points. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑥 = 𝐴, 𝑅, if(𝑥 = 𝐵, 𝐿, ((𝐹 ↾ (𝐴(,)𝐵))‘𝑥))))    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   (𝜑𝐹:(𝐴[,]𝐵)⟶ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → (𝐹 ↾ (𝐴(,)𝐵)) ∈ ((𝐴(,)𝐵)–cn→ℂ))    &   (𝜑𝐿 ∈ (𝐹 lim 𝐵))    &   (𝜑𝑅 ∈ (𝐹 lim 𝐴))    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)       (𝜑 → ∫(𝐴[,]𝐵)(𝐹𝑡) d𝑡 = ∫((𝐴𝑋)[,](𝐵𝑋))(𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑡)) d𝑡)
 
Theoremfourierdlem83 42355* The fourier partial sum for 𝐹 rewritten as an integral. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   𝐶 = (-π(,)π)    &   (𝜑 → (𝐹𝐶) ∈ 𝐿1)    &   𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫𝐶((𝐹𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫𝐶((𝐹𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑆 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ (((𝐴‘0) / 2) + Σ𝑛 ∈ (1...𝑚)(((𝐴𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))))))    &   𝐷 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑠 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑠 mod (2 · π)) = 0, (((2 · 𝑛) + 1) / (2 · π)), ((sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)) / ((2 · π) · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))))    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℕ)       (𝜑 → (𝑆𝑁) = ∫𝐶((𝐹𝑥) · ((𝐷𝑁)‘(𝑥𝑋))) d𝑥)
 
Theoremfourierdlem84 42356* If 𝐹 is piecewise coninuous and 𝐷 is continuous, then 𝐺 is continuous. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (𝐴 + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = (𝐵 + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑉 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑉𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ (ℝ–cn→ℝ))    &   𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵) ↦ ((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) · (𝐷𝑠)))       (𝜑𝐺 ∈ 𝐿1)
 
Theoremfourierdlem85 42357* Limit of the function 𝐺 at the lower bounds of the partition intervals. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ran 𝑉)    &   (𝜑𝑌 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝑊 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻𝑠) · (𝐾𝑠)))    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑆 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ (sin‘((𝑁 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)))    &   𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝑈𝑠) · (𝑆𝑠)))    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑉 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑉𝑖)))    &   𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝐼 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐼 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))):((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))⟶ℂ)    &   (𝜑𝐸 ∈ ((𝐼 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋))    &   𝐴 = ((if((𝑉𝑖) = 𝑋, 𝐸, ((𝑅 − if((𝑉𝑖) < 𝑋, 𝑊, 𝑌)) / (𝑄𝑖))) · (𝐾‘(𝑄𝑖))) · (𝑆‘(𝑄𝑖)))       ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))
 
Theoremfourierdlem86 42358* Continuity of 𝑂 and its limits with respect to the 𝑆 partition. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑉 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑉𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   (𝜑 → (𝐴[,]𝐵) ⊆ (-π[,]π))    &   (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑂 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵) ↦ ((((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − 𝐶) / 𝑠) · (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   𝑇 = ({𝐴, 𝐵} ∪ (ran 𝑄 ∩ (𝐴(,)𝐵)))    &   𝑁 = ((♯‘𝑇) − 1)    &   𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝑇))    &   𝐷 = (((if((𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)) = (𝑄‘(𝑈 + 1)), 𝑈 / 𝑖𝐿, (𝐹‘(𝑋 + (𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))))) − 𝐶) / (𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) · ((𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)) / (2 · (sin‘((𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)) / 2)))))    &   𝐸 = (((if((𝑆𝑗) = (𝑄𝑈), 𝑈 / 𝑖𝑅, (𝐹‘(𝑋 + (𝑆𝑗)))) − 𝐶) / (𝑆𝑗)) · ((𝑆𝑗) / (2 · (sin‘((𝑆𝑗) / 2)))))    &   𝑈 = (𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)((𝑆𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) ⊆ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))       ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) → ((𝐷 ∈ ((𝑂 ↾ ((𝑆𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))) lim (𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ ((𝑂 ↾ ((𝑆𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))) lim (𝑆𝑗))) ∧ (𝑂 ↾ ((𝑆𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑆𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))–cn→ℂ)))
 
Theoremfourierdlem87 42359* The integral of 𝐺 goes uniformly ( with respect to 𝑛) to zero if the measure of the domain of integration goes to zero. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑌 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑊 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻𝑠) · (𝐾𝑠)))    &   𝑆 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ (sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)))    &   𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝑈𝑠) · (𝑆𝑠)))    &   (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π)(abs‘(𝐻𝑠)) ≤ 𝑥)    &   ((𝜑𝑛 ∈ ℕ) → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐿1)    &   𝐷 = ((𝑒 / 3) / 𝑎)    &   (𝜒 ↔ (((((𝜑𝑒 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ ∀𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π)(abs‘(𝐺𝑠)) ≤ 𝑎) ∧ 𝑢 ∈ dom vol) ∧ (𝑢 ⊆ (-π[,]π) ∧ (vol‘𝑢) ≤ 𝐷)) ∧ 𝑛 ∈ ℕ))       ((𝜑𝑒 ∈ ℝ+) → ∃𝑑 ∈ ℝ+𝑢 ∈ dom vol((𝑢 ⊆ (-π[,]π) ∧ (vol‘𝑢) ≤ 𝑑) → ∀𝑘 ∈ ℕ (abs‘∫𝑢((𝑈𝑠) · (sin‘((𝑘 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠))) d𝑠) < (𝑒 / 2)))
 
Theoremfourierdlem88 42360* Given a piecewise continuous function 𝐹, a continuous function 𝐾 and a continuous function 𝑆, the function 𝐺 is integrable. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ran 𝑉)    &   (𝜑𝑌 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝑊 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋))    &   𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻𝑠) · (𝐾𝑠)))    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑆 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ (sin‘((𝑁 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)))    &   𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝑈𝑠) · (𝑆𝑠)))    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑉 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑉𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝐼 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐼 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))):((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ((𝐼 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ ((𝐼 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋))       (𝜑𝐺 ∈ 𝐿1)
 
Theoremfourierdlem89 42361* Given a piecewise continuous function and changing the interval and the partition, the limit at the lower bound of each interval of the moved partition is still finite. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))    &   𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐶 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐷) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝐻 = ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))    &   𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   𝑍 = (𝑦 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑦 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑦))    &   (𝜑𝐽 ∈ (0..^𝑁))    &   𝑈 = ((𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1)) − (𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))))    &   𝐼 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄𝑖) ≤ (𝑍‘(𝐸𝑥))}, ℝ, < ))    &   𝑉 = (𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ↦ 𝑅)       (𝜑 → if((𝑍‘(𝐸‘(𝑆𝐽))) = (𝑄‘(𝐼‘(𝑆𝐽))), (𝑉‘(𝐼‘(𝑆𝐽))), (𝐹‘(𝑍‘(𝐸‘(𝑆𝐽))))) ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑆𝐽)(,)(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1)))) lim (𝑆𝐽)))
 
Theoremfourierdlem90 42362* Given a piecewise continuous function, it is still continuous with respect to an open interval of the moved partition. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))    &   𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐶 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐷) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝐻 = ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))    &   𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   𝐿 = (𝑦 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑦 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑦))    &   (𝜑𝐽 ∈ (0..^𝑁))    &   𝑈 = ((𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1)) − (𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))))    &   𝐺 = (𝐹 ↾ ((𝐿‘(𝐸‘(𝑆𝐽)))(,)(𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1)))))    &   𝑅 = (𝑦 ∈ (((𝐿‘(𝐸‘(𝑆𝐽))) + 𝑈)(,)((𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))) + 𝑈)) ↦ (𝐺‘(𝑦𝑈)))    &   𝐼 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄𝑖) ≤ (𝐿‘(𝐸𝑥))}, ℝ, < ))       (𝜑 → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑆𝐽)(,)(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑆𝐽)(,)(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))
 
Theoremfourierdlem91 42363* Given a piecewise continuous function and changing the interval and the partition, the limit at the upper bound of each interval of the moved partition is still finite. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))    &   𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐶 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐷) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝐻 = ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))    &   𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   𝑍 = (𝑦 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑦 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑦))    &   (𝜑𝐽 ∈ (0..^𝑁))    &   𝑈 = ((𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1)) − (𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))))    &   𝐼 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄𝑖) ≤ (𝑍‘(𝐸𝑥))}, ℝ, < ))    &   𝑊 = (𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ↦ 𝐿)       (𝜑 → if((𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))) = (𝑄‘((𝐼‘(𝑆𝐽)) + 1)), (𝑊‘(𝐼‘(𝑆𝐽))), (𝐹‘(𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))))) ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑆𝐽)(,)(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1)))) lim (𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))))
 
Theoremfourierdlem92 42364* The integral of a piecewise continuous periodic function 𝐹 is unchanged if the domain is shifted by its period 𝑇. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑇 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵)) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   𝑆 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑄𝑖) + 𝑇))    &   𝐻 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (𝐴 + 𝑇) ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = (𝐵 + 𝑇)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))       (𝜑 → ∫((𝐴 + 𝑇)[,](𝐵 + 𝑇))(𝐹𝑥) d𝑥 = ∫(𝐴[,]𝐵)(𝐹𝑥) d𝑥)
 
Theoremfourierdlem93 42365* Integral by substitution (the domain is shifted by 𝑋) for a piecewise continuous function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝐻 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑄𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐹:(-π[,]π)⟶ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))       (𝜑 → ∫(-π[,]π)(𝐹𝑡) d𝑡 = ∫((-π − 𝑋)[,](π − 𝑋))(𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) d𝑠)
 
Theoremfourierdlem94 42366* For a piecewise smooth function, the left and the right limits exist at any point. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑃 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑛)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝𝑛) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑛)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)) ≠ ∅)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))) ≠ ∅)       (𝜑 → (((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋) ≠ ∅ ∧ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋) ≠ ∅))
 
Theoremfourierdlem95 42367* Algebraic manipulation of integrals, used by other lemmas. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑉 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ran 𝑉)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑉𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻𝑠) · (𝐾𝑠)))    &   𝑆 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ (sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)))    &   𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝑈𝑠) · (𝑆𝑠)))    &   𝐼 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐼 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))):((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ((𝐼 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ((𝐼 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝑌 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝑊 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ dom vol)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ⊆ ((-π[,]π) ∖ {0}))    &   𝐸 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫𝐴(𝐺𝑠) d𝑠 / π))    &   𝐷 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑠 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑠 mod (2 · π)) = 0, (((2 · 𝑛) + 1) / (2 · π)), ((sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)) / ((2 · π) · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))))    &   (𝜑𝑂 ∈ ℝ)    &   ((𝜑𝑠𝐴) → if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊) = 𝑂)    &   ((𝜑𝑛 ∈ ℕ) → ∫𝐴((𝐷𝑛)‘𝑠) d𝑠 = (1 / 2))       ((𝜑𝑛 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝐸𝑛) + (𝑂 / 2)) = ∫𝐴((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) · ((𝐷𝑛)‘𝑠)) d𝑠)
 
Theoremfourierdlem96 42368* limit for 𝐹 at the lower bound of an interval for the moved partition 𝑉. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))    &   (𝜑𝐽 ∈ (0..^((♯‘({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)))    &   𝑉 = (℩𝑔𝑔 Isom < , < ((0...((♯‘({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)), ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃ ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + ( · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})))       (𝜑 → if(((𝑢 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑢 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑢))‘((𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑣 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑣) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))‘(𝑉𝐽))) = (𝑄‘((𝑦 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄𝑗) ≤ ((𝑢 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑢 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑢))‘((𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑣 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑣) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))‘𝑦))}, ℝ, < ))‘(𝑉𝐽))), ((𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ↦ 𝑅)‘((𝑦 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄𝑗) ≤ ((𝑢 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑢 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑢))‘((𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑣 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑣) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))‘𝑦))}, ℝ, < ))‘(𝑉𝐽))), (𝐹‘((𝑢 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑢 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑢))‘((𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑣 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑣) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))‘(𝑉𝐽))))) ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝐽)(,)(𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1)))) lim (𝑉𝐽)))
 
Theoremfourierdlem97 42369* 𝐹 is continuous on the intervals induced by the moved partition 𝑉. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   𝐺 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐺 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))    &   (𝜑𝐽 ∈ (0..^((♯‘({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)))    &   𝑉 = (℩𝑔𝑔 Isom < , < ((0...((♯‘({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)), ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃ ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + ( · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})))    &   𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ ℝ ↦ if(𝑠 ∈ dom 𝐺, (𝐺𝑠), 0))       (𝜑 → (𝐺 ↾ ((𝑉𝐽)(,)(𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉𝐽)(,)(𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))
 
Theoremfourierdlem98 42370* 𝐹 is continuous on the intervals induced by the moved partition 𝑉. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))    &   (𝜑𝐽 ∈ (0..^((♯‘({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)))    &   𝑉 = (℩𝑔𝑔 Isom < , < ((0...((♯‘({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)), ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃ ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + ( · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})))       (𝜑 → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝐽)(,)(𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉𝐽)(,)(𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))
 
Theoremfourierdlem99 42371* limit for 𝐹 at the upper bound of an interval for the moved partition 𝑉. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))    &   (𝜑𝐽 ∈ (0..^((♯‘({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)))    &   𝑉 = (℩𝑔𝑔 Isom < , < ((0...((♯‘({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)), ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃ ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + ( · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})))       (𝜑 → if(((𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑣 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑣) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))‘(𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1))) = (𝑄‘(((𝑦 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄𝑗) ≤ ((𝑢 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑢 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑢))‘((𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑣 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑣) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))‘𝑦))}, ℝ, < ))‘(𝑉𝐽)) + 1)), ((𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ↦ 𝐿)‘((𝑦 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄𝑗) ≤ ((𝑢 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑢 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑢))‘((𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑣 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑣) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))‘𝑦))}, ℝ, < ))‘(𝑉𝐽))), (𝐹‘((𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑣 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑣) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))‘(𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1))))) ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝐽)(,)(𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1)))) lim (𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1))))
 
Theoremfourierdlem100 42372* A piecewise continuous function is integrable on any closed interval. This lemma uses local definitions, so that the proof is more readable. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))    &   𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐶 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐷) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   𝐻 = ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))    &   𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   𝐽 = (𝑦 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑦 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑦))    &   𝐼 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄𝑖) ≤ (𝐽‘(𝐸𝑥))}, ℝ, < ))       (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ↦ (𝐹𝑥)) ∈ 𝐿1)
 
Theoremfourierdlem101 42373* Integral by substitution for a piecewise continuous function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝐷 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑠 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑠 mod (2 · π)) = 0, (((2 · 𝑛) + 1) / (2 · π)), ((sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)) / ((2 · π) · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))))    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝐺 = (𝑡 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐹𝑡) · ((𝐷𝑁)‘(𝑡𝑋))))    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐹:(-π[,]π)⟶ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))       (𝜑 → ∫(-π[,]π)((𝐹𝑡) · ((𝐷𝑁)‘(𝑡𝑋))) d𝑡 = ∫((-π − 𝑋)[,](π − 𝑋))((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) · ((𝐷𝑁)‘𝑠)) d𝑠)
 
Theoremfourierdlem102 42374* For a piecewise smooth function, the left and the right limits exist at any point. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   𝐺 = ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-π(,)π))    &   (𝜑 → ((-π(,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺) ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐺 ∈ (dom 𝐺cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ((-π[,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (𝑥(,)+∞)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ((-π(,]π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑥)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑃 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑛)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝𝑛) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑛)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((π − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   𝐻 = ({-π, π, (𝐸𝑋)} ∪ ((-π[,]π) ∖ dom 𝐺))    &   𝑀 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   𝑄 = (℩𝑔𝑔 Isom < , < ((0...𝑀), 𝐻))       (𝜑 → (((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋) ≠ ∅ ∧ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋) ≠ ∅))
 
Theoremfourierdlem103 42375* The half lower part of the integral equal to the fourier partial sum, converges to half the left limit of the original function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑉 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ran 𝑉)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ∃𝑤 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑡 ∈ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))(abs‘(𝐹𝑡)) ≤ 𝑤)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℝ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑡 ∈ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))(abs‘((ℝ D 𝐹)‘𝑡)) ≤ 𝑧)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑉𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻𝑠) · (𝐾𝑠)))    &   𝑆 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ (sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)))    &   𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝑈𝑠) · (𝑆𝑠)))    &   𝑍 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ ∫(-π(,)0)((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) · ((𝐷𝑚)‘𝑠)) d𝑠)    &   𝐸 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(-π(,)0)(𝐺𝑠) d𝑠 / π))    &   (𝜑𝑌 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝑊 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋))    &   𝐷 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑠 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑠 mod (2 · π)) = 0, (((2 · 𝑛) + 1) / (2 · π)), ((sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)) / ((2 · π) · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))))    &   𝑂 = (𝑈 ↾ (-π[,]𝑑))    &   𝑇 = ({-π, 𝑑} ∪ (ran 𝑄 ∩ (-π(,)𝑑)))    &   𝑁 = ((♯‘𝑇) − 1)    &   𝐽 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝑇))    &   𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   𝐶 = (𝑙 ∈ (0..^𝑀)((𝐽𝑘)(,)(𝐽‘(𝑘 + 1))) ⊆ ((𝑄𝑙)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑙 + 1))))    &   (𝜒 ↔ (((((𝜑𝑒 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ 𝑑 ∈ (-π(,)0)) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) ∧ (abs‘∫(𝑑(,)0)((𝑈𝑠) · (sin‘((𝑘 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠))) d𝑠) < (𝑒 / 2)) ∧ (abs‘∫(-π(,)𝑑)((𝑈𝑠) · (sin‘((𝑘 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠))) d𝑠) < (𝑒 / 2)))       (𝜑𝑍 ⇝ (𝑊 / 2))
 
Theoremfourierdlem104 42376* The half upper part of the integral equal to the fourier partial sum, converges to half the right limit of the original function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑉 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ran 𝑉)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ∃𝑤 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑡 ∈ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))(abs‘(𝐹𝑡)) ≤ 𝑤)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℝ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑡 ∈ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))(abs‘((ℝ D 𝐹)‘𝑡)) ≤ 𝑧)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑉𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻𝑠) · (𝐾𝑠)))    &   𝑆 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ (sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)))    &   𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝑈𝑠) · (𝑆𝑠)))    &   𝑍 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ ∫(0(,)π)((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) · ((𝐷𝑚)‘𝑠)) d𝑠)    &   𝐸 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(0(,)π)(𝐺𝑠) d𝑠 / π))    &   (𝜑𝑌 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝑊 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋))    &   𝐷 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑠 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑠 mod (2 · π)) = 0, (((2 · 𝑛) + 1) / (2 · π)), ((sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)) / ((2 · π) · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))))    &   𝑂 = (𝑈 ↾ (𝑑[,]π))    &   𝑇 = ({𝑑, π} ∪ (ran 𝑄 ∩ (𝑑(,)π)))    &   𝑁 = ((♯‘𝑇) − 1)    &   𝐽 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝑇))    &   𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   𝐶 = (𝑙 ∈ (0..^𝑀)((𝐽𝑘)(,)(𝐽‘(𝑘 + 1))) ⊆ ((𝑄𝑙)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑙 + 1))))    &   (𝜒 ↔ (((((𝜑𝑒 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ 𝑑 ∈ (0(,)π)) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) ∧ (abs‘∫(0(,)𝑑)((𝑈𝑠) · (sin‘((𝑘 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠))) d𝑠) < (𝑒 / 2)) ∧ (abs‘∫(𝑑(,)π)((𝑈𝑠) · (sin‘((𝑘 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠))) d𝑠) < (𝑒 / 2)))       (𝜑𝑍 ⇝ (𝑌 / 2))
 
Theoremfourierdlem105 42377* A piecewise continuous function is integrable on any closed interval. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))       (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ↦ (𝐹𝑥)) ∈ 𝐿1)
 
Theoremfourierdlem106 42378* For a piecewise smooth function, the left and the right limits exist at any point. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   𝐺 = ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-π(,)π))    &   (𝜑 → ((-π(,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺) ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐺 ∈ (dom 𝐺cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ((-π[,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (𝑥(,)+∞)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ((-π(,]π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑥)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)       (𝜑 → (((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋) ≠ ∅ ∧ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋) ≠ ∅))
 
Theoremfourierdlem107 42379* The integral of a piecewise continuous periodic function 𝐹 is unchanged if the domain is shifted by any positive value 𝑋. This lemma generalizes fourierdlem92 42364 where the integral was shifted by the exact period. This lemma uses local definitions, so that the proof is more readable. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ+)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (𝐴𝑋) ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐴) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝐻 = ({(𝐴𝑋), 𝐴} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ ((𝐴𝑋)[,]𝐴) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))    &   𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   𝑍 = (𝑦 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑦 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑦))    &   𝐼 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄𝑖) ≤ (𝑍‘(𝐸𝑥))}, ℝ, < ))       (𝜑 → ∫((𝐴𝑋)[,](𝐵𝑋))(𝐹𝑥) d𝑥 = ∫(𝐴[,]𝐵)(𝐹𝑥) d𝑥)
 
Theoremfourierdlem108 42380* The integral of a piecewise continuous periodic function 𝐹 is unchanged if the domain is shifted by any positive value 𝑋. This lemma generalizes fourierdlem92 42364 where the integral was shifted by the exact period. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ+)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))       (𝜑 → ∫((𝐴𝑋)[,](𝐵𝑋))(𝐹𝑥) d𝑥 = ∫(𝐴[,]𝐵)(𝐹𝑥) d𝑥)
 
Theoremfourierdlem109 42381* The integral of a piecewise continuous periodic function 𝐹 is unchanged if the domain is shifted by any value 𝑋. This lemma generalizes fourierdlem92 42364 where the integral was shifted by the exact period. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (𝐴𝑋) ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = (𝐵𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝐻 = ({(𝐴𝑋), (𝐵𝑋)} ∪ {𝑥 ∈ ((𝐴𝑋)[,](𝐵𝑋)) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))    &   𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   𝐽 = (𝑦 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑦 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑦))    &   𝐼 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄𝑗) ≤ (𝐽‘(𝐸𝑥))}, ℝ, < ))       (𝜑 → ∫((𝐴𝑋)[,](𝐵𝑋))(𝐹𝑥) d𝑥 = ∫(𝐴[,]𝐵)(𝐹𝑥) d𝑥)
 
Theoremfourierdlem110 42382* The integral of a piecewise continuous periodic function 𝐹 is unchanged if the domain is shifted by any value 𝑋. This lemma generalizes fourierdlem92 42364 where the integral was shifted by the exact period. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))       (𝜑 → ∫((𝐴𝑋)[,](𝐵𝑋))(𝐹𝑥) d𝑥 = ∫(𝐴[,]𝐵)(𝐹𝑥) d𝑥)
 
Theoremfourierdlem111 42383* The fourier partial sum for 𝐹 is the sum of two integrals, with the same integrand involving 𝐹 and the Dirichlet Kernel 𝐷, but on two opposite intervals. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑡) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑡))) d𝑡 / π))    &   𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑡) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑡))) d𝑡 / π))    &   𝑆 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ (((𝐴‘0) / 2) + Σ𝑛 ∈ (1...𝑚)(((𝐴𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))))))    &   𝐷 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑦 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑦 mod (2 · π)) = 0, (((2 · 𝑛) + 1) / (2 · π)), ((sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑦)) / ((2 · π) · (sin‘(𝑦 / 2)))))))    &   𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ ((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑥)) · ((𝐷𝑛)‘𝑥)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π − 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝𝑚) = (π − 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝑊 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑄𝑖) − 𝑋))       ((𝜑𝑛 ∈ ℕ) → (𝑆𝑛) = (∫(-π(,)0)((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) · ((𝐷𝑛)‘𝑠)) d𝑠 + ∫(0(,)π)((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) · ((𝐷𝑛)‘𝑠)) d𝑠))
 
Theoremfourierdlem112 42384* Here abbreviations (local definitions) are introduced to prove the fourier 42391 theorem. (𝑍𝑚) is the mth partial sum of the fourier series. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   𝐷 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑦 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑦 mod (2 · π)) = 0, (((2 · 𝑚) + 1) / (2 · π)), ((sin‘((𝑚 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑦)) / ((2 · π) · (sin‘(𝑦 / 2)))))))    &   𝑃 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑛)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝𝑛) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑛)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   𝑁 = ((♯‘({(-π + 𝑋), (π + 𝑋)} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ ((-π + 𝑋)[,](π + 𝑋)) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)    &   𝑉 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), ({(-π + 𝑋), (π + 𝑋)} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ ((-π + 𝑋)[,](π + 𝑋)) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})))    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ran 𝑉)    &   𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐶 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑈 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   (𝜑𝐸 ∈ (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝐼 ∈ (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋))    &   𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   𝑍 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ (((𝐴‘0) / 2) + Σ𝑛 ∈ (1...𝑚)(((𝐴𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))))))    &   𝑆 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (((𝐴𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋)))))    &   (𝜑 → ∃𝑤 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑡 ∈ ℝ (abs‘(𝐹𝑡)) ≤ 𝑤)    &   (𝜑 → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑡 ∈ dom (ℝ D 𝐹)(abs‘((ℝ D 𝐹)‘𝑡)) ≤ 𝑧)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)       (𝜑 → (seq1( + , 𝑆) ⇝ (((𝐿 + 𝑅) / 2) − ((𝐴‘0) / 2)) ∧ (((𝐴‘0) / 2) + Σ𝑛 ∈ ℕ (((𝐴𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))))) = ((𝐿 + 𝑅) / 2)))
 
Theoremfourierdlem113 42385* Fourier series convergence for periodic, piecewise smooth functions. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋))    &   𝑃 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑛)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝𝑛) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑛)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝑃𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄𝑖)) ≠ ∅)    &   ((𝜑𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑄𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) lim (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))) ≠ ∅)    &   𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   𝑆 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (((𝐴𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋)))))    &   𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((π − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   (𝜑 → (𝐸𝑋) ∈ ran 𝑄)       (𝜑 → (seq1( + , 𝑆) ⇝ (((𝐿 + 𝑅) / 2) − ((𝐴‘0) / 2)) ∧ (((𝐴‘0) / 2) + Σ𝑛 ∈ ℕ (((𝐴𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))))) = ((𝐿 + 𝑅) / 2)))
 
Theoremfourierdlem114 42386* Fourier series convergence for periodic, piecewise smooth functions. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   𝐺 = ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-π(,)π))    &   (𝜑 → ((-π(,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺) ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐺 ∈ (dom 𝐺cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ((-π[,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (𝑥(,)+∞)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ((-π(,]π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑥)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋))    &   𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   𝑆 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (((𝐴𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋)))))    &   𝑃 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑛)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝𝑛) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑛)(𝑝𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((π − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   𝐻 = ({-π, π, (𝐸𝑋)} ∪ ((-π[,]π) ∖ dom 𝐺))    &   𝑀 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   𝑄 = (℩𝑔𝑔 Isom < , < ((0...𝑀), 𝐻))       (𝜑 → (seq1( + , 𝑆) ⇝ (((𝐿 + 𝑅) / 2) − ((𝐴‘0) / 2)) ∧ (((𝐴‘0) / 2) + Σ𝑛 ∈ ℕ (((𝐴𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))))) = ((𝐿 + 𝑅) / 2)))
 
Theoremfourierdlem115 42387* Fourier serier convergence, for piecewise smooth functions. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   𝐺 = ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-π(,)π))    &   (𝜑 → ((-π(,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺) ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐺 ∈ (dom 𝐺cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ((-π[,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (𝑥(,)+∞)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ((-π(,]π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑥)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋))    &   𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   𝑆 = (𝑘 ∈ ℕ ↦ (((𝐴𝑘) · (cos‘(𝑘 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵𝑘) · (sin‘(𝑘 · 𝑋)))))       (𝜑 → (seq1( + , 𝑆) ⇝ (((𝐿 + 𝑅) / 2) − ((𝐴‘0) / 2)) ∧ (((𝐴‘0) / 2) + Σ𝑛 ∈ ℕ (((𝐴𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))))) = ((𝐿 + 𝑅) / 2)))
 
Theoremfourierd 42388* Fourier series convergence for periodic, piecewise smooth functions. The series converges to the average value of the left and the right limit of the function. Thus, if the function is continuous at a given point, the series converges exactly to the function value, see fouriercnp 42392. Notice that for a piecewise smooth function, the left and right limits always exist, see fourier2 42393 for an alternative form of the theorem that makes this fact explicit. When the first derivative is continuous, a simpler version of the theorem can be stated, see fouriercn 42398. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   𝐺 = ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-π(,)π))    &   (𝜑 → ((-π(,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺) ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐺 ∈ (dom 𝐺cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ((-π[,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (𝑥(,)+∞)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ((-π(,]π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑥)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋))    &   𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))       (𝜑 → (((𝐴‘0) / 2) + Σ𝑛 ∈ ℕ (((𝐴𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))))) = ((𝐿 + 𝑅) / 2))
 
Theoremfourierclimd 42389* Fourier series convergence, for piecewise smooth functions. See fourierd 42388 for the analogous Σ equation. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   𝐺 = ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-π(,)π))    &   (𝜑 → ((-π(,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺) ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐺 ∈ (dom 𝐺cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ((-π[,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (𝑥(,)+∞)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ((-π(,]π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑥)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋))    &   𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   𝑆 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (((𝐴𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋)))))       (𝜑 → seq1( + , 𝑆) ⇝ (((𝐿 + 𝑅) / 2) − ((𝐴‘0) / 2)))
 
Theoremfourierclim 42390* Fourier series convergence, for piecewise smooth functions. See fourier 42391 for the analogous Σ equation. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ    &   𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   (𝑥 ∈ ℝ → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   𝐺 = ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-π(,)π))    &   ((-π(,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺) ∈ Fin    &   𝐺 ∈ (dom 𝐺cn→ℂ)    &   (𝑥 ∈ ((-π[,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺) → ((𝐺 ↾ (𝑥(,)+∞)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   (𝑥 ∈ ((-π(,]π) ∖ dom 𝐺) → ((𝐺 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑥)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   𝑋 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋)    &   𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋)    &   𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   𝑆 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (((𝐴𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋)))))       seq1( + , 𝑆) ⇝ (((𝐿 + 𝑅) / 2) − ((𝐴‘0) / 2))
 
Theoremfourier 42391* Fourier series convergence for periodic, piecewise smooth functions. The series converges to the average value of the left and the right limit of the function. Thus, if the function is continuous at a given point, the series converges exactly to the function value, see fouriercnp 42392. Notice that for a piecewise smooth function, the left and right limits always exist, see fourier2 42393 for an alternative form of the theorem that makes this fact explicit. When the first derivative is continuous, a simpler version of the theorem can be stated, see fouriercn 42398. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ    &   𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   (𝑥 ∈ ℝ → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   𝐺 = ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-π(,)π))    &   ((-π(,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺) ∈ Fin    &   𝐺 ∈ (dom 𝐺cn→ℂ)    &   (𝑥 ∈ ((-π[,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺) → ((𝐺 ↾ (𝑥(,)+∞)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   (𝑥 ∈ ((-π(,]π) ∖ dom 𝐺) → ((𝐺 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑥)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   𝑋 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋)    &   𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋)    &   𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))       (((𝐴‘0) / 2) + Σ𝑛 ∈ ℕ (((𝐴𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))))) = ((𝐿 + 𝑅) / 2)
 
Theoremfouriercnp 42392* If 𝐹 is continuous at the point 𝑋, then its Fourier series at 𝑋, converges to (𝐹𝑋). (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   𝐺 = ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-π(,)π))    &   (𝜑 → ((-π(,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺) ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐺 ∈ (dom 𝐺cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ((-π[,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (𝑥(,)+∞)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ((-π(,]π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑥)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   𝐽 = (topGen‘ran (,))    &   (𝜑𝐹 ∈ ((𝐽 CnP 𝐽)‘𝑋))    &   𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))       (𝜑 → (((𝐴‘0) / 2) + Σ𝑛 ∈ ℕ (((𝐴𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))))) = (𝐹𝑋))
 
Theoremfourier2 42393* Fourier series convergence, for a piecewise smooth function. Here it is also proven the existence of the left and right limits of 𝐹 at any given point 𝑋. See fourierd 42388 for a comparison. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   𝐺 = ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-π(,)π))    &   (𝜑 → ((-π(,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺) ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐺 ∈ (dom 𝐺cn→ℂ))    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ((-π[,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (𝑥(,)+∞)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ((-π(,]π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑥)) lim 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))       (𝜑 → ∃𝑙 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) lim 𝑋)∃𝑟 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) lim 𝑋)(((𝐴‘0) / 2) + Σ𝑛 ∈ ℕ (((𝐴𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))))) = ((𝑙 + 𝑟) / 2))
 
Theoremsqwvfoura 42394* Fourier coefficients for the square wave function. Since the square function is an odd function, there is no contribution from the 𝐴 coefficients. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑥 mod 𝑇) < π, 1, -1))    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℕ0)       (𝜑 → (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑁 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π) = 0)
 
Theoremsqwvfourb 42395* Fourier series 𝐵 coefficients for the square wave function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑥 mod 𝑇) < π, 1, -1))    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℕ)       (𝜑 → (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑁 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π) = if(2 ∥ 𝑁, 0, (4 / (𝑁 · π))))
 
Theoremfourierswlem 42396* The Fourier series for the square wave 𝐹 converges to 𝑌, a simpler expression for this special case. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑥 mod 𝑇) < π, 1, -1))    &   𝑋 ∈ ℝ    &   𝑌 = if((𝑋 mod π) = 0, 0, (𝐹𝑋))       𝑌 = ((if((𝑋 mod 𝑇) ∈ (0(,]π), 1, -1) + (𝐹𝑋)) / 2)
 
Theoremfouriersw 42397* Fourier series convergence, for the square wave function. Where 𝐹 is discontinuous, the series converges to 0, the average value of the left and the right limits. Notice that 𝐹 is an odd function and its Fourier expansion has only sine terms (coefficients for cosine terms are zero). (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑥 mod 𝑇) < π, 1, -1))    &   𝑋 ∈ ℝ    &   𝑆 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((sin‘(((2 · 𝑛) − 1) · 𝑋)) / ((2 · 𝑛) − 1)))    &   𝑌 = if((𝑋 mod π) = 0, 0, (𝐹𝑋))       (((4 / π) · Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((sin‘(((2 · 𝑘) − 1) · 𝑋)) / ((2 · 𝑘) − 1))) = 𝑌 ∧ seq1( + , 𝑆) ⇝ ((π / 4) · 𝑌))
 
Theoremfouriercn 42398* If the derivative of 𝐹 is continuous, then the Fourier series for 𝐹 converges to 𝐹 everywhere and the hypothesis are simpler than those for the more general case of a piecewise smooth function (see fourierd 42388 for a comparison). (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
(𝜑𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   ((𝜑𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹𝑥))    &   (𝜑 → (ℝ D 𝐹) ∈ (ℝ–cn→ℂ))    &   𝐺 = ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-π(,)π))    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))       (𝜑 → (((𝐴‘0) / 2) + Σ𝑛 ∈ ℕ (((𝐴𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))))) = (𝐹𝑋))
 
20.36.17  e is transcendental
 
Theoremelaa2lem 42399* Elementhood in the set of nonzero algebraic numbers. ' Only if ' part of elaa2 42400. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 5-Apr-2020.) (Revised by AV, 1-Oct-2020.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ 𝔸)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ≠ 0)    &   (𝜑𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℤ))    &   (𝜑𝐺 ≠ 0𝑝)    &   (𝜑 → (𝐺𝐴) = 0)    &   𝑀 = inf({𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ ((coeff‘𝐺)‘𝑛) ≠ 0}, ℝ, < )    &   𝐼 = (𝑘 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((coeff‘𝐺)‘(𝑘 + 𝑀)))    &   𝐹 = (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ↦ Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...((deg‘𝐺) − 𝑀))((𝐼𝑘) · (𝑧𝑘)))       (𝜑 → ∃𝑓 ∈ (Poly‘ℤ)(((coeff‘𝑓)‘0) ≠ 0 ∧ (𝑓𝐴) = 0))
 
Theoremelaa2 42400* Elementhood in the set of nonzero algebraic numbers: when 𝐴 is nonzero, the polynomial 𝑓 can be chosen with a nonzero constant term. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 5-Apr-2020.) (Proof shortened by AV, 1-Oct-2020.)
(𝐴 ∈ (𝔸 ∖ {0}) ↔ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ ∃𝑓 ∈ (Poly‘ℤ)(((coeff‘𝑓)‘0) ≠ 0 ∧ (𝑓𝐴) = 0)))
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