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Statement List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 4201-4300 - Page 43 of 107
TypeLabelDescription
Statement
 
Theoremomordlim 4201 Ordering involving the product of a limit ordinal. Proposition 8.23 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 64.
(((A ∈ On ⋀ (BD ⋀ Lim B)) ⋀ C ∈ (A ·o B)) → ∃xB C ∈ (A ·o x))
 
Theoremomlimcl 4202 The product of any nonzero ordinal with a limit ordinal is a limit ordinal. Proposition 8.24 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 64.
(((A ∈ On ⋀ (BC ⋀ Lim B)) ⋀ ∅ ∈ A) → Lim (A ·o B))
 
Theoremodi 4203 Distributive law for ordinal arithmetic. Proposition 8.25 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 64. Warning: The HTML proof page is 3/4 megabyte in size.
((A ∈ On ⋀ B ∈ On ⋀ C ∈ On) → (A ·o (B +o C)) = ((A ·o B) +o (A ·o C)))
 
Theoremomass 4204 Multiplication of ordinal numbers is associative. Theorem 8.26 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 65.
((A ∈ On ⋀ B ∈ On ⋀ C ∈ On) → ((A ·o B) ·o C) = (A ·o (B ·o C)))
 
Theoremoneo 4205 If an ordinal number is even, its successor is odd.
((A ∈ On ⋀ B ∈ On ⋀ C = (2o ·o A)) → ¬ suc C = (2o ·o B))
 
Theoremoen0 4206 Ordinal exponentiation with a nonzero mantissa is nonzero. Proposition 8.32 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 67.
(((A ∈ On ⋀ B ∈ On) ⋀ ∅ ∈ A) → ∅ ∈ (Ao B))
 
Theoremoeordi 4207 Ordering law for ordinal exponentiation. Proposition 8.33 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 67.
(((B ∈ On ⋀ C ∈ On) ⋀ 1oC) → (AB → (Co A) ∈ (Co B)))
 
Theoremoeord 4208 Ordering property of ordinal exponentiation. Corollary 8.34 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 68 and its converse.
(((A ∈ On ⋀ B ∈ On ⋀ C ∈ On) ⋀ 1oC) → (AB ↔ (Co A) ∈ (Co B)))
 
Theoremoecan 4209 Left cancellation law for ordinal exponentiation.
(((A ∈ On ⋀ B ∈ On ⋀ C ∈ On) ⋀ 1oA) → ((Ao B) = (Ao C) ↔ B = C))
 
Theoremoeword 4210 Weak ordering property of ordinal exponentiation.
(((A ∈ On ⋀ B ∈ On ⋀ C ∈ On) ⋀ 1oC) → (AB ↔ (Co A) ⊆ (Co B)))
 
Theoremoewordi 4211 Weak ordering property of ordinal exponentiation.
(((A ∈ On ⋀ B ∈ On ⋀ C ∈ On) ⋀ ∅ ∈ C) → (AB → (Co A) ⊆ (Co B)))
 
Theoremoewordri 4212 Weak ordering property of ordinal exponentiation. Proposition 8.35 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 68.
((B ∈ On ⋀ C ∈ On) → (AB → (Ao C) ⊆ (Bo C)))
 
Theoremoeworde 4213 Ordinal exponentiation compared to its exponent. Proposition 8.37 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 68.
(((A ∈ On ⋀ B ∈ On) ⋀ 1oA) → B ⊆ (Ao B))
 
Theoremoeordsuc 4214 Ordering property of ordinal exponentiation with a successor exponent. Corollary 8.36 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 68.
((B ∈ On ⋀ C ∈ On) → (AB → (Ao suc C) ∈ (Bo suc C)))
 
Theoremoelim2 4215 Ordinal exponentiation with a limit exponent. Part of Exercise 4.36 of [Mendelson] p. 250.
((A ∈ On ⋀ (BC ⋀ Lim B)) → (Ao B) = x ∈ (B ∖ 1o)(Ao x))
 
Natural number arithmetic
 
Theoremnna0 4216 Addition with zero. Theorem 4I(A1) of [Enderton] p. 79.
(A ∈ ω → (A +o ∅) = A)
 
Theoremnnm0 4217 Multiplication with zero. Theorem 4J(A1) of [Enderton] p. 80.
(A ∈ ω → (A ·o ∅) = ∅)
 
Theoremnnasuc 4218 Addition with successor. Theorem 4I(A2) of [Enderton] p. 79.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω) → (A +o suc B) = suc (A +o B))
 
Theoremnnmsuc 4219 Multiplication with successor. Theorem 4J(A2) of [Enderton] p. 80.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω) → (A ·o suc B) = ((A ·o B) +o A))
 
Theoremnna0r 4220 Addition to zero. Remark in proof of Theorem 4K(2) of [Enderton] p. 81.
(A ∈ ω → (∅ +o A) = A)
 
Theoremnnm0r 4221 Multiplication with zero. Exercise 16 of [Enderton] p. 82.
(A ∈ ω → (∅ ·o A) = ∅)
 
Theoremnnacl 4222 Closure of addition of natural numbers. Proposition 8.9 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 59.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω) → (A +o B) ∈ ω)
 
Theoremnnmcl 4223 Closure of multiplication of natural numbers. Proposition 8.17 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 63.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω) → (A ·o B) ∈ ω)
 
Theoremnnecl 4224 Closure of exponentiation of natural numbers. Proposition 8.17 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 63.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω) → (Ao B) ∈ ω)
 
Theoremnnarcl 4225 Reverse closure law for addition of natural numbers. Exercise 1 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 62 and its converse.
((A ∈ On ⋀ B ∈ On) → ((A +o B) ∈ ω ↔ (A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω)))
 
Theoremnnacom 4226 Addition of natural numbers is commutative. Theorem 4K(2) of [Enderton] p. 81.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω) → (A +o B) = (B +o A))
 
Theoremnnaordi 4227 Ordering property of addition. Proposition 8.4 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 58, limited to natural numbers.
((B ∈ ω ⋀ C ∈ ω) → (AB → (C +o A) ∈ (C +o B)))
 
Theoremnnaord 4228 Ordering property of addition. Proposition 8.4 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 58, limited to natural numbers, and its converse.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω ⋀ C ∈ ω) → (AB ↔ (C +o A) ∈ (C +o B)))
 
Theoremnnaordr 4229 Ordering property of addition of natural numbers.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω ⋀ C ∈ ω) → (AB ↔ (A +o C) ∈ (B +o C)))
 
Theoremnnaass 4230 Addition of natural numbers is associative. (For brevity, this is just a special case of the proof for ordinals. A direct proof would be about 1/3 the size of the ordinal proof, since it would use finite induction and not require the limit ordinal case..) Theorem 4K(1) of [Enderton] p. 81.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω ⋀ C ∈ ω) → ((A +o B) +o C) = (A +o (B +o C)))
 
Theoremnndi 4231 Distributive law for natural numbers. (For brevity, this is just a special case of the proof for ordinals. A direct proof would be about 1/4 the size of the ordinal proof, since it would use finite induction and not require the limit ordinal case.) Theorem 4K(3) of [Enderton] p. 81.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω ⋀ C ∈ ω) → (A ·o (B +o C)) = ((A ·o B) +o (A ·o C)))
 
Theoremnnmass 4232 Multiplication of natural numbers is associative. (For brevity, this is just a special case of the proof for ordinals. A direct proof would be about 1/3 the size of the ordinal proof, since it would use finite induction and not require the limit ordinal case..) Theorem 4K(4) of [Enderton] p. 81.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω ⋀ C ∈ ω) → ((A ·o B) ·o C) = (A ·o (B ·o C)))
 
Theoremnnmsucr 4233 Multiplication with successor. Exercise 16 of [Enderton] p. 82.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω) → (suc A ·o B) = ((A ·o B) +o B))
 
Theoremnnmcom 4234 Multiplication of natural numbers is commutative. Theorem 4K(5) of [Enderton] p. 81.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω) → (A ·o B) = (B ·o A))
 
Theoremnnacan 4235 Cancellation law for addition of natural numbers.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω ⋀ C ∈ ω) → ((A +o B) = (A +o C) ↔ B = C))
 
Theoremnnaword 4236 Weak ordering property of addition.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω ⋀ C ∈ ω) → (AB ↔ (C +o A) ⊆ (C +o B)))
 
Theoremnnaword1 4237 Weak ordering property of addition.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω) → A ⊆ (A +o B))
 
Theoremnnaword2 4238 Weak ordering property of addition.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω) → A ⊆ (B +o A))
 
Theoremnnmordi 4239 Ordering property of multiplication. Half of Proposition 8.19 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 63, limited to natural numbers.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω ⋀ C ∈ ω) → ((AB ⋀ ∅ ∈ C) → (C ·o A) ∈ (C ·o B)))
 
Theoremnnmord 4240 Ordering property of multiplication. Proposition 8.19 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 63, limited to natural numbers.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω ⋀ C ∈ ω) → ((AB ⋀ ∅ ∈ C) ↔ (C ·o A) ∈ (C ·o B)))
 
Theoremnnmcan 4241 Cancellation law for multiplication of natural numbers.
(((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω ⋀ C ∈ ω) ⋀ ∅ ∈ A) → ((A ·o B) = (A ·o C) ↔ B = C))
 
Theoremnnaordex 4242 Equivalence for ordering. Compare Exercise 23 of [Enderton] p. 88.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω) → (AB ↔ ∃x ∈ ω (∅ ∈ x ⋀ (A +o x) = B)))
 
Theoremnnawordex 4243 Equivalence for weak ordering of natural numbers.
((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ ω) → (AB ↔ ∃x ∈ ω (A +o x) = B))
 
Theoremoaabslem 4244 Lemma for oaabs 4245.
 
Theoremoaabs 4245 Ordinal addition absorbs a natural number added to the left of a transfinite number. Proposition 8.10 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 59.
(((A ∈ ω ⋀ B ∈ On) ⋀ ω ⊆ B) → (A +o B) = B)
 
Theorem1onn 4246 One is a natural number.
1o ∈ ω
 
Theorem2onn 4247 The ordinal 2 is a natural number.
2o ∈ ω
 
Theoremnneob 4248 A natural number is even iff its successor is odd.
(A ∈ ω → (∃x ∈ ω A = (2o ·o x) ↔ ¬ ∃x ∈ ω suc A = (2o ·o x)))
 
Theoremomsmolem 4249 Lemma for omsmo 4250.
 
Theoremomsmo 4250 A strictly monotonic ordinal function on the set of natural numbers is one-to-one.
(((A ⊆ On ⋀ F:ω–→A) ⋀ ∀x ∈ ω (Fx) ∈ (F ‘suc x)) → F:ω–1-1A)
 
Equivalence relations and classes
 
Syntaxwer 4251 Extend the definition of a wff to include the equivalence predicate.
wff Er R
 
Syntaxcec 4252 Extend the definition of a class to include equivalence class.
class [A]R
 
Syntaxcqs 4253 Extend the definition of a class to include quotient set.
class (A / R)
 
Definitiondf-er 4254 Define the equivalence predicate. R need not be a relation but ordinarily will be, in which case we call it an equivalence relation. Our notation is not standard. A formal notation doesn't seem to exist in the literature; instead only informal English tends to be used. Some definitions in the literature may also require that R be a relation. The present definition, although somewhat cryptic, nicely avoids dummy variables. In dfer2 4255 we derive a more typical definition. We show that an equivalence relation is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive in erref 4268, ersymb 4266, and ertr 4267.
(Er R ↔ (R ∪ (RR)) ⊆ R)
 
Theoremdfer2 4255 Alternate definition of equivalence predicate.
(Er R ↔ ∀xyz((xRyyRx) ⋀ ((xRyyRz) → xRz)))
 
Definitiondf-ec 4256 Define the R -coset of A. Exercise 35 of [Enderton] p. 61. This is called the equivalence class of A modulo R when R is an equivalence relation. The Definition of [Enderton] p. 57 uses the notation [A] (subscript) R, although we simply follow the brackets by R since we don't have subscripts. For an alternate definition, see dfec2 4257.
[A]R = (R “ {A})
 
Theoremdfec2 4257 Alternate definition of R-coset of A. Definition 34 of [Suppes] p. 81.
AV    ⇒   [A]R = {yARy}
 
Theoremecexg 4258 An equivalence class modulo a set is a set.
(RB → [A]RV)
 
Definitiondf-qs 4259 Define quotient set. R is usually an equivalence relation. Definition of [Enderton] p. 58.
(A / R) = {y∣∃xA y = [x]R}
 
Theoremereq 4260 Equality theorem for equivalence predicate.
(R = S → (Er R ↔ Er S))
 
Theoremster 4261 A symmetric, transitive relation is an equivalence relation.
(xRyyRx)    &   ((xRyyRz) → xRz)    ⇒   Er R
 
Theoremider 4262 The identity relation is an equivalence relation.
Er I
 
Theoremeqerlem 4263 Lemma for eqer 4264.
 
Theoremeqer 4264 Equivalence relation involving equality of dependent classes A(x) and B(y).
(x = yA = B)    &   R = {⟨x, y⟩∣A = B}    ⇒   Er R
 
Theoremersym 4265 An equivalence relation is symmetric.
AV    &   BV    &   Er R    ⇒   (ARBBRA)
 
Theoremersymb 4266 An equivalence relation is symmetric.
AV    &   BV    &   Er R    ⇒   (ARBBRA)
 
Theoremertr 4267 An equivalence relation is transitive.
AV    &   BV    &   CV    &   Er R    ⇒   ((ARBBRC) → ARC)
 
Theoremerref 4268 An equivalence relation is reflexive on its field. Compare Theorem 3M of [Enderton] p. 56.
Er R    ⇒   (A ∈ (dom R ∪ ran R) → ARA)
 
Theoremerdmrn 4269 The range and domain of an equivalence relation are equal.
Er R    ⇒   dom R = ran R
 
Theoremeceq1 4270 Equality theorem for equivalence class.
(A = B → [C]A = [C]B)
 
Theoremeceq2 4271 Equality theorem for equivalence class.
(A = B → [A]C = [B]C)
 
Theoremelec 4272 Membership in an equivalence class. Theorem 72 of [Suppes] p. 82.
AV    &   BV    ⇒   (A ∈ [B]RBRA)
 
Theoremecdmn0 4273 An equivalence class is not empty in its domain.
AV    ⇒   (A ∈ dom R ↔ ¬ [A]R = ∅)
 
Theoremerthi 4274 Basic property of equivalence relations. Part of Lemma 3N of [Enderton] p. 57.
AV    &   BV    &   Er R    ⇒   (ARB → [A]R = [B]R)
 
Theoremerth 4275 Basic property of equivalence relations. Theorem 73 of [Suppes] p. 82.
BV    &   Er R    ⇒   (A ∈ (dom R ∪ ran R) → ([A]R = [B]RARB))
 
Theoremerthdm 4276 Basic property of equivalence relations. Compare Theorem 73 of [Suppes] p. 82. Assumes membership in the domain instead of just the field.
BV    &   Er R    ⇒   (A ∈ dom R → ([A]R = [B]RARB))
 
Theoremerthdmr 4277 Basic property of equivalence relations. Compare Theorem 73 of [Suppes] p. 82. Assumes membership of the second argument in the domain.
AV    &   BV    &   Er R    ⇒   (B ∈ dom R → ([A]R = [B]RARB))
 
Theoremereldm 4278 Equality of equivalence classes implies equivalence of domain membership.
AV    &   BV    &   Er R    &   dom R = D    ⇒   ([A]R = [B]R → (ADBD))
 
Theoremerdisj 4279 Equivalence classes do not overlap. In other words, two equivalence classes are either equal or disjoint. Theorem 74 of [Suppes] p. 83.
AV    &   BV    &   Er R    ⇒   ([A]R = [B]R ⋁ ([A]R ∩ [B]R) = ∅)
 
Theoremecidsn 4280 An equivalence class modulo the identity relation is a singleton.
[A]I = {A}
 
Theoremqseq1 4281 Equality theorem for quotient set.
(A = B → (A / C) = (B / C))
 
Theoremqseq2 4282 Equality theorem for quotient set.
(A = B → (C / A) = (C / B))
 
Theoremelqs 4283 Membership in a quotient set.
BV    ⇒   (B ∈ (A / R) ↔ ∃x(xAB = [x]R))
 
Theoremelqsi 4284 Membership in a quotient set.
(B ∈ (A / R) → ∃x(xAB = [x]R))
 
Theoremecelqsi 4285 Membership of an equivalence class in a quotient set.
RV    ⇒   (BA → [B]R ∈ (A / R))
 
Theoremecopqsi 4286 "Closure" law for equivalence class of ordered pairs.
RV    &   S = ((A × A) / R)    ⇒   ((BACA) → [⟨B, C⟩]RS)
 
Theoremqsexg 4287 A quotient set exists. (Contributed by FL, 19-May-2007.)
(AV → (A / R) ∈ V)
 
Theoremqsex 4288 A quotient set exists.
AV    ⇒   (A / R) ∈ V
 
Theoremsnec 4289 The singleton of an equivalence class.
AV    ⇒   {[A]R} = ({A} / R)
 
Theoremecqs 4290 Equivalence class in terms of quotient set.
AV    &   RV    ⇒   [A]R = ({A} / R)
 
Theorem0nelqs 4291 A quotient set doesn't contain the empty set.
dom R = A    ⇒    ¬ ∅ ∈ (A / R)
 
Theoremecelqsdm 4292 Membership of an equivalence class in a quotient set.
BV    &   dom R = A    ⇒   ([B]R ∈ (A / R) → BA)
 
Theoremecid 4293 A set is equal to its converse epsilon coset. (Note: converse epsilon is not an equivalence relation.)
AV    ⇒   [A]E = A
 
Theoremqsid 4294 A set is equal to its quotient set mod converse epsilon. (Note: converse epsilon is not an equivalence relation.)
(A / E) = A
 
Theoremectocl 4295 Implicit substitution of class for equivalence class.
S = (B / R)    &   ([x]R = A → (φψ))    &   (xBφ)    ⇒   (ASψ)
 
Theoremecoptocl 4296 Implicit substitution of class for equivalence class of ordered pair.
S = ((B × C) / R)    &   ([⟨x, y⟩]R = A → (φψ))    &   ((xByC) → φ)    ⇒   (ASψ)
 
Theorem2ecoptocl 4297 Implicit substitution of classes for equivalence classes of ordered pairs.
S = ((C × D) / R)    &   ([⟨x, y⟩]R = A → (φψ))    &   ([⟨z, w⟩]R = B → (ψχ))    &   (((xCyD) ⋀ (zCwD)) → φ)    ⇒   ((ASBS) → χ)
 
Theorem3ecoptocl 4298 Implicit substitution of classes for equivalence classes of ordered pairs.
S = ((D × D) / R)    &   ([⟨x, y⟩]R = A → (φψ))    &   ([⟨z, w⟩]R = B → (ψχ))    &   ([⟨v, u⟩]R = C → (χθ))    &   (((xDyD) ⋀ (zDwD) ⋀ (vDuD)) → φ)    ⇒   ((ASBSCS) → θ)
 
Theorembrecop 4299 Binary relation on a quotient set. Lemma for real number construction.
SV    &   Er S    &   dom S = (G × G)    &   H = ((G × G) / S)    &   R = {⟨x, y⟩∣((xHyH) ⋀ ∃zwvu((x = [⟨z, w⟩]Sy = [⟨v, u⟩]S) ⋀ φ))}    &   ((((zGwG) ⋀ (AGBG)) ⋀ ((vGuG) ⋀ (CGDG))) → (([⟨z, w⟩]S = [⟨A, B⟩]S ⋀ [⟨v, u⟩]S = [⟨C, D⟩]S) → (φψ)))    ⇒   (((AGBG) ⋀ (CGDG)) → ([⟨A, B⟩]SR[⟨C, D⟩]Sψ))
 
Theorembrecop2 4300 Binary relation on a quotient set. Lemma for real number construction. Eliminates antecedent from last hypothesis.
SV    &   BV    &   CV    &   DV    &   dom S = (G × G)    &   H = ((G × G) / S)    &   R ⊆ (H × H)    &   Q ⊆ (G × G)    &    ¬ ∅ ∈ G    &   dom F = (G × G)    &   (((AGBG) ⋀ (CGDG)) → ([⟨A, B⟩]SR[⟨C, D⟩]S ↔ (AFD)Q(BFC)))    ⇒   ([⟨A, B⟩]SR[⟨C, D⟩]S ↔ (AFD)Q(BFC))

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