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Definition df-op 4566
Description: Definition of an ordered pair, equivalent to Kuratowski's definition {{𝐴}, {𝐴, 𝐵}} when the arguments are sets. Since the behavior of Kuratowski definition is not very useful for proper classes, we define it to be empty in this case (see opprc1 4821, opprc2 4822, and 0nelop 5378). For Kuratowski's actual definition when the arguments are sets, see dfop 4796. For the justifying theorem (for sets) see opth 5360. See dfopif 4794 for an equivalent formulation using the if operation.

Definition 9.1 of [Quine] p. 58 defines an ordered pair unconditionally as 𝐴, 𝐵⟩ = {{𝐴}, {𝐴, 𝐵}}, which has different behavior from our df-op 4566 when the arguments are proper classes. Ordinarily this difference is not important, since neither definition is meaningful in that case. Our df-op 4566 was chosen because it often makes proofs shorter by eliminating unnecessary sethood hypotheses.

There are other ways to define ordered pairs. The basic requirement is that two ordered pairs are equal iff their respective members are equal. In 1914 Norbert Wiener gave the first successful definition 𝐴, 𝐵2 = {{{𝐴}, ∅}, {{𝐵}}}, justified by opthwiener 5396. This was simplified by Kazimierz Kuratowski in 1921 to our present definition. An even simpler definition 𝐴, 𝐵3 = {𝐴, {𝐴, 𝐵}} is justified by opthreg 9070, but it requires the Axiom of Regularity for its justification and is not commonly used. A definition that also works for proper classes is 𝐴, 𝐵4 = ((𝐴 × {∅}) ∪ (𝐵 × {{∅}})), justified by opthprc 5610. Nearly at the same time as Norbert Wiener, Felix Hausdorff proposed the following definition in "Grundzüge der Mengenlehre" ("Basics of Set Theory"), p. 32, in 1914: 𝐴, 𝐵5 = {{𝐴, 𝑂}, {𝐵, 𝑇}}. Hausdorff used 1 and 2 instead of 𝑂 and 𝑇, but actually any two different fixed sets will do (e.g., 𝑂 = ∅ and 𝑇 = {∅}, see 0nep0 5250). Furthermore, Hausdorff demanded that 𝑂 and 𝑇 are both different from 𝐴 as well as 𝐵, which is actually not necessary (at least not in full extent), see opthhausdorff0 5400 and opthhausdorff 5399. If we restrict our sets to nonnegative integers, an ordered pair definition that involves only elementary arithmetic is provided by nn0opthi 13620. An ordered pair of real numbers can also be represented by a complex number as shown by cru 11619. Kuratowski's ordered pair definition is standard for ZFC set theory, but it is very inconvenient to use in New Foundations theory because it is not type-level; a common alternate definition in New Foundations is the definition from [Rosser] p. 281.

Since there are other ways to define ordered pairs, we discourage direct use of this definition so that most theorems won't depend on this particular construction; theorems will instead rely on dfopif 4794. (Contributed by NM, 28-May-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Apr-2015.) (Avoid depending on this detail.)

Assertion
Ref Expression
df-op 𝐴, 𝐵⟩ = {𝑥 ∣ (𝐴 ∈ V ∧ 𝐵 ∈ V ∧ 𝑥 ∈ {{𝐴}, {𝐴, 𝐵}})}
Distinct variable groups:   𝑥,𝐴   𝑥,𝐵

Detailed syntax breakdown of Definition df-op
StepHypRef Expression
1 cA . . 3 class 𝐴
2 cB . . 3 class 𝐵
31, 2cop 4565 . 2 class 𝐴, 𝐵
4 cvv 3495 . . . . 5 class V
51, 4wcel 2105 . . . 4 wff 𝐴 ∈ V
62, 4wcel 2105 . . . 4 wff 𝐵 ∈ V
7 vx . . . . . 6 setvar 𝑥
87cv 1527 . . . . 5 class 𝑥
91csn 4559 . . . . . 6 class {𝐴}
101, 2cpr 4561 . . . . . 6 class {𝐴, 𝐵}
119, 10cpr 4561 . . . . 5 class {{𝐴}, {𝐴, 𝐵}}
128, 11wcel 2105 . . . 4 wff 𝑥 ∈ {{𝐴}, {𝐴, 𝐵}}
135, 6, 12w3a 1079 . . 3 wff (𝐴 ∈ V ∧ 𝐵 ∈ V ∧ 𝑥 ∈ {{𝐴}, {𝐴, 𝐵}})
1413, 7cab 2799 . 2 class {𝑥 ∣ (𝐴 ∈ V ∧ 𝐵 ∈ V ∧ 𝑥 ∈ {{𝐴}, {𝐴, 𝐵}})}
153, 14wceq 1528 1 wff 𝐴, 𝐵⟩ = {𝑥 ∣ (𝐴 ∈ V ∧ 𝐵 ∈ V ∧ 𝑥 ∈ {{𝐴}, {𝐴, 𝐵}})}
Colors of variables: wff setvar class
This definition is referenced by:  dfopif  4794
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