Theorem stoweidlem16 42321

Description: Lemma for stoweid 42368. The subset 𝑌 of functions in the algebra 𝐴, with values in [ 0 , 1 ], is closed under multiplication. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)

Hypotheses

Ref	Expression
stoweidlem16.1	⊢ Ⅎ𝑡𝜑
stoweidlem16.2	⊢ 𝑌 = {ℎ ∈ 𝐴 ∣ ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (ℎ‘𝑡) ∧ (ℎ‘𝑡) ≤ 1)}
stoweidlem16.3	⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 ↦ ((𝑓‘𝑡) · (𝑔‘𝑡)))
stoweidlem16.4	⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝑓:𝑇⟶ℝ)
stoweidlem16.5	⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 ↦ ((𝑓‘𝑡) · (𝑔‘𝑡))) ∈ 𝐴)

Assertion

Ref	Expression
stoweidlem16	⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) → 𝐻 ∈ 𝑌)

Distinct variable groups:   𝑓,𝑔,ℎ,𝑡,𝐴   𝑇,𝑓,ℎ,𝑡   𝜑,𝑓   ℎ,𝐻

Allowed substitution hints:   𝜑(𝑡,𝑔,ℎ)   𝑇(𝑔)   𝐻(𝑡,𝑓,𝑔)   𝑌(𝑡,𝑓,𝑔,ℎ)

Proof of Theorem stoweidlem16

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		stoweidlem16.3	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 ↦ ((𝑓‘𝑡) · (𝑔‘𝑡)))
2		simp1 1132	. . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) → 𝜑)
3		fveq1 6669	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (ℎ = 𝑓 → (ℎ‘𝑡) = (𝑓‘𝑡))
4	3	breq2d 5078	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (ℎ = 𝑓 → (0 ≤ (ℎ‘𝑡) ↔ 0 ≤ (𝑓‘𝑡)))
5	3	breq1d 5076	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (ℎ = 𝑓 → ((ℎ‘𝑡) ≤ 1 ↔ (𝑓‘𝑡) ≤ 1))
6	4, 5	anbi12d 632	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (ℎ = 𝑓 → ((0 ≤ (ℎ‘𝑡) ∧ (ℎ‘𝑡) ≤ 1) ↔ (0 ≤ (𝑓‘𝑡) ∧ (𝑓‘𝑡) ≤ 1)))
7	6	ralbidv 3197	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (ℎ = 𝑓 → (∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (ℎ‘𝑡) ∧ (ℎ‘𝑡) ≤ 1) ↔ ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (𝑓‘𝑡) ∧ (𝑓‘𝑡) ≤ 1)))
8		stoweidlem16.2	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ 𝑌 = {ℎ ∈ 𝐴 ∣ ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (ℎ‘𝑡) ∧ (ℎ‘𝑡) ≤ 1)}
9	7, 8	elrab2 3683	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ↔ (𝑓 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (𝑓‘𝑡) ∧ (𝑓‘𝑡) ≤ 1)))
10	9	simplbi 500	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 → 𝑓 ∈ 𝐴)
11	10	3ad2ant2 1130	. . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) → 𝑓 ∈ 𝐴)
12		fveq1 6669	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (ℎ = 𝑔 → (ℎ‘𝑡) = (𝑔‘𝑡))
13	12	breq2d 5078	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (ℎ = 𝑔 → (0 ≤ (ℎ‘𝑡) ↔ 0 ≤ (𝑔‘𝑡)))
14	12	breq1d 5076	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (ℎ = 𝑔 → ((ℎ‘𝑡) ≤ 1 ↔ (𝑔‘𝑡) ≤ 1))
15	13, 14	anbi12d 632	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (ℎ = 𝑔 → ((0 ≤ (ℎ‘𝑡) ∧ (ℎ‘𝑡) ≤ 1) ↔ (0 ≤ (𝑔‘𝑡) ∧ (𝑔‘𝑡) ≤ 1)))
16	15	ralbidv 3197	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (ℎ = 𝑔 → (∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (ℎ‘𝑡) ∧ (ℎ‘𝑡) ≤ 1) ↔ ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (𝑔‘𝑡) ∧ (𝑔‘𝑡) ≤ 1)))
17	16, 8	elrab2 3683	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑔 ∈ 𝑌 ↔ (𝑔 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (𝑔‘𝑡) ∧ (𝑔‘𝑡) ≤ 1)))
18	17	simplbi 500	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑔 ∈ 𝑌 → 𝑔 ∈ 𝐴)
19	18	3ad2ant3 1131	. . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) → 𝑔 ∈ 𝐴)
20		stoweidlem16.5	. . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 ↦ ((𝑓‘𝑡) · (𝑔‘𝑡))) ∈ 𝐴)
21	2, 11, 19, 20	syl3anc 1367	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) → (𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 ↦ ((𝑓‘𝑡) · (𝑔‘𝑡))) ∈ 𝐴)
22	1, 21	eqeltrid 2917	. . 3 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) → 𝐻 ∈ 𝐴)
23		stoweidlem16.1	. . . . 5 ⊢ Ⅎ𝑡𝜑
24		nfra1 3219	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ Ⅎ𝑡∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (ℎ‘𝑡) ∧ (ℎ‘𝑡) ≤ 1)
25		nfcv 2977	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ Ⅎ𝑡𝐴
26	24, 25	nfrabw 3385	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ Ⅎ𝑡{ℎ ∈ 𝐴 ∣ ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (ℎ‘𝑡) ∧ (ℎ‘𝑡) ≤ 1)}
27	8, 26	nfcxfr 2975	. . . . . 6 ⊢ Ⅎ𝑡𝑌
28	27	nfcri 2971	. . . . 5 ⊢ Ⅎ𝑡 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌
29	27	nfcri 2971	. . . . 5 ⊢ Ⅎ𝑡 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌
30	23, 28, 29	nf3an 1902	. . . 4 ⊢ Ⅎ𝑡(𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌)
31	2, 11	jca 514	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) → (𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝐴))
32	31	adantr 483	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → (𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝐴))
33		stoweidlem16.4	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝑓:𝑇⟶ℝ)
34	32, 33	syl 17	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → 𝑓:𝑇⟶ℝ)
35		simpr 487	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇)
36	34, 35	ffvelrnd 6852	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → (𝑓‘𝑡) ∈ ℝ)
37	2, 19	jca 514	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) → (𝜑 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝐴))
38		eleq1w 2895	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ (𝑓 = 𝑔 → (𝑓 ∈ 𝐴 ↔ 𝑔 ∈ 𝐴))
39	38	anbi2d 630	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ (𝑓 = 𝑔 → ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝐴) ↔ (𝜑 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝐴)))
40		feq1 6495	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ (𝑓 = 𝑔 → (𝑓:𝑇⟶ℝ ↔ 𝑔:𝑇⟶ℝ))
41	39, 40	imbi12d 347	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝑓 = 𝑔 → (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝑓:𝑇⟶ℝ) ↔ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝑔:𝑇⟶ℝ)))
42	41, 33	vtoclg 3567	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑔 ∈ 𝐴 → ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝑔:𝑇⟶ℝ))
43	19, 37, 42	sylc 65	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) → 𝑔:𝑇⟶ℝ)
44	43	ffvelrnda 6851	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → (𝑔‘𝑡) ∈ ℝ)
45	9	simprbi 499	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 → ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (𝑓‘𝑡) ∧ (𝑓‘𝑡) ≤ 1))
46	45	3ad2ant2 1130	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) → ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (𝑓‘𝑡) ∧ (𝑓‘𝑡) ≤ 1))
47	46	r19.21bi 3208	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → (0 ≤ (𝑓‘𝑡) ∧ (𝑓‘𝑡) ≤ 1))
48	47	simpld 497	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → 0 ≤ (𝑓‘𝑡))
49	17	simprbi 499	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝑔 ∈ 𝑌 → ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (𝑔‘𝑡) ∧ (𝑔‘𝑡) ≤ 1))
50	49	3ad2ant3 1131	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) → ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (𝑔‘𝑡) ∧ (𝑔‘𝑡) ≤ 1))
51	50	r19.21bi 3208	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → (0 ≤ (𝑔‘𝑡) ∧ (𝑔‘𝑡) ≤ 1))
52	51	simpld 497	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → 0 ≤ (𝑔‘𝑡))
53	36, 44, 48, 52	mulge0d 11217	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → 0 ≤ ((𝑓‘𝑡) · (𝑔‘𝑡)))
54	36, 44	remulcld 10671	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → ((𝑓‘𝑡) · (𝑔‘𝑡)) ∈ ℝ)
55	1	fvmpt2 6779	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 ∧ ((𝑓‘𝑡) · (𝑔‘𝑡)) ∈ ℝ) → (𝐻‘𝑡) = ((𝑓‘𝑡) · (𝑔‘𝑡)))
56	35, 54, 55	syl2anc 586	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → (𝐻‘𝑡) = ((𝑓‘𝑡) · (𝑔‘𝑡)))
57	53, 56	breqtrrd 5094	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → 0 ≤ (𝐻‘𝑡))
58		1red 10642	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → 1 ∈ ℝ)
59	47	simprd 498	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → (𝑓‘𝑡) ≤ 1)
60	51	simprd 498	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → (𝑔‘𝑡) ≤ 1)
61	36, 58, 44, 58, 48, 52, 59, 60	lemul12ad 11582	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → ((𝑓‘𝑡) · (𝑔‘𝑡)) ≤ (1 · 1))
62		1t1e1 11800	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (1 · 1) = 1
63	61, 62	breqtrdi 5107	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → ((𝑓‘𝑡) · (𝑔‘𝑡)) ≤ 1)
64	56, 63	eqbrtrd 5088	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → (𝐻‘𝑡) ≤ 1)
65	57, 64	jca 514	. . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇) → (0 ≤ (𝐻‘𝑡) ∧ (𝐻‘𝑡) ≤ 1))
66	65	ex 415	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) → (𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 → (0 ≤ (𝐻‘𝑡) ∧ (𝐻‘𝑡) ≤ 1)))
67	30, 66	ralrimi 3216	. . 3 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) → ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (𝐻‘𝑡) ∧ (𝐻‘𝑡) ≤ 1))
68		nfmpt1 5164	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ Ⅎ𝑡(𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 ↦ ((𝑓‘𝑡) · (𝑔‘𝑡)))
69	1, 68	nfcxfr 2975	. . . . . 6 ⊢ Ⅎ𝑡𝐻
70	69	nfeq2 2995	. . . . 5 ⊢ Ⅎ𝑡 ℎ = 𝐻
71		fveq1 6669	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (ℎ = 𝐻 → (ℎ‘𝑡) = (𝐻‘𝑡))
72	71	breq2d 5078	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (ℎ = 𝐻 → (0 ≤ (ℎ‘𝑡) ↔ 0 ≤ (𝐻‘𝑡)))
73	71	breq1d 5076	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (ℎ = 𝐻 → ((ℎ‘𝑡) ≤ 1 ↔ (𝐻‘𝑡) ≤ 1))
74	72, 73	anbi12d 632	. . . . 5 ⊢ (ℎ = 𝐻 → ((0 ≤ (ℎ‘𝑡) ∧ (ℎ‘𝑡) ≤ 1) ↔ (0 ≤ (𝐻‘𝑡) ∧ (𝐻‘𝑡) ≤ 1)))
75	70, 74	ralbid 3231	. . . 4 ⊢ (ℎ = 𝐻 → (∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (ℎ‘𝑡) ∧ (ℎ‘𝑡) ≤ 1) ↔ ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (𝐻‘𝑡) ∧ (𝐻‘𝑡) ≤ 1)))
76	75	elrab 3680	. . 3 ⊢ (𝐻 ∈ {ℎ ∈ 𝐴 ∣ ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (ℎ‘𝑡) ∧ (ℎ‘𝑡) ≤ 1)} ↔ (𝐻 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (𝐻‘𝑡) ∧ (𝐻‘𝑡) ≤ 1)))
77	22, 67, 76	sylanbrc 585	. 2 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) → 𝐻 ∈ {ℎ ∈ 𝐴 ∣ ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (0 ≤ (ℎ‘𝑡) ∧ (ℎ‘𝑡) ≤ 1)})
78	77, 8	eleqtrrdi 2924	1 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑓 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑔 ∈ 𝑌) → 𝐻 ∈ 𝑌)

Syntax hints:   → wi 4   ∧ wa 398   ∧ w3a 1083   = wceq 1537  Ⅎwnf 1784   ∈ wcel 2114  ∀wral 3138  {crab 3142   class class class wbr 5066   ↦ cmpt 5146  ⟶wf 6351  ‘cfv 6355  (class class class)co 7156  ℝcr 10536  0cc0 10537  1c1 10538   · cmul 10542   ≤ cle 10676

This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1796  ax-4 1810  ax-5 1911  ax-6 1970  ax-7 2015  ax-8 2116  ax-9 2124  ax-10 2145  ax-11 2161  ax-12 2177  ax-ext 2793  ax-sep 5203  ax-nul 5210  ax-pow 5266  ax-pr 5330  ax-un 7461  ax-resscn 10594  ax-1cn 10595  ax-icn 10596  ax-addcl 10597  ax-addrcl 10598  ax-mulcl 10599  ax-mulrcl 10600  ax-mulcom 10601  ax-addass 10602  ax-mulass 10603  ax-distr 10604  ax-i2m1 10605  ax-1ne0 10606  ax-1rid 10607  ax-rnegex 10608  ax-rrecex 10609  ax-cnre 10610  ax-pre-lttri 10611  ax-pre-lttrn 10612  ax-pre-ltadd 10613  ax-pre-mulgt0 10614

This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 209  df-an 399  df-or 844  df-3or 1084  df-3an 1085  df-tru 1540  df-ex 1781  df-nf 1785  df-sb 2070  df-mo 2622  df-eu 2654  df-clab 2800  df-cleq 2814  df-clel 2893  df-nfc 2963  df-ne 3017  df-nel 3124  df-ral 3143  df-rex 3144  df-reu 3145  df-rab 3147  df-v 3496  df-sbc 3773  df-csb 3884  df-dif 3939  df-un 3941  df-in 3943  df-ss 3952  df-nul 4292  df-if 4468  df-pw 4541  df-sn 4568  df-pr 4570  df-op 4574  df-uni 4839  df-br 5067  df-opab 5129  df-mpt 5147  df-id 5460  df-po 5474  df-so 5475  df-xp 5561  df-rel 5562  df-cnv 5563  df-co 5564  df-dm 5565  df-rn 5566  df-res 5567  df-ima 5568  df-iota 6314  df-fun 6357  df-fn 6358  df-f 6359  df-f1 6360  df-fo 6361  df-f1o 6362  df-fv 6363  df-riota 7114  df-ov 7159  df-oprab 7160  df-mpo 7161  df-er 8289  df-en 8510  df-dom 8511  df-sdom 8512  df-pnf 10677  df-mnf 10678  df-xr 10679  df-ltxr 10680  df-le 10681  df-sub 10872  df-neg 10873

This theorem is referenced by:  stoweidlem48  42353  stoweidlem51  42356