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Axiom ax-rep 5182
Description: Axiom of Replacement. An axiom scheme of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. Axiom 5 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 19. It tells us that the image of any set under a function is also a set (see the variant funimaex 6435). Although 𝜑 may be any wff whatsoever, this axiom is useful (i.e. its antecedent is satisfied) when we are given some function and 𝜑 encodes the predicate "the value of the function at 𝑤 is 𝑧". Thus, 𝜑 will ordinarily have free variables 𝑤 and 𝑧- think of it informally as 𝜑(𝑤, 𝑧). We prefix 𝜑 with the quantifier 𝑦 in order to "protect" the axiom from any 𝜑 containing 𝑦, thus allowing us to eliminate any restrictions on 𝜑. Another common variant is derived as axrep5 5188, where you can find some further remarks. A slightly more compact version is shown as axrep2 5185. A quite different variant is zfrep6 7647, which if used in place of ax-rep 5182 would also require that the Separation Scheme axsep 5194 be stated as a separate axiom.

There is a very strong generalization of Replacement that doesn't demand function-like behavior of 𝜑. Two versions of this generalization are called the Collection Principle cp 9309 and the Boundedness Axiom bnd 9310.

Many developments of set theory distinguish the uses of Replacement from uses of the weaker axioms of Separation axsep 5194, Null Set axnul 5201, and Pairing axpr 5320, all of which we derive from Replacement. In order to make it easier to identify the uses of those redundant axioms, we restate them as axioms ax-sep 5195, ax-nul 5202, and ax-pr 5321 below the theorems that prove them. (Contributed by NM, 23-Dec-1993.)

Assertion
Ref Expression
ax-rep (∀𝑤𝑦𝑧(∀𝑦𝜑𝑧 = 𝑦) → ∃𝑦𝑧(𝑧𝑦 ↔ ∃𝑤(𝑤𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦𝜑)))
Distinct variable group:   𝑥,𝑦,𝑧,𝑤
Allowed substitution hints:   𝜑(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧,𝑤)

Detailed syntax breakdown of Axiom ax-rep
StepHypRef Expression
1 wph . . . . . . 7 wff 𝜑
2 vy . . . . . . 7 setvar 𝑦
31, 2wal 1526 . . . . . 6 wff 𝑦𝜑
4 vz . . . . . . 7 setvar 𝑧
54, 2weq 1955 . . . . . 6 wff 𝑧 = 𝑦
63, 5wi 4 . . . . 5 wff (∀𝑦𝜑𝑧 = 𝑦)
76, 4wal 1526 . . . 4 wff 𝑧(∀𝑦𝜑𝑧 = 𝑦)
87, 2wex 1771 . . 3 wff 𝑦𝑧(∀𝑦𝜑𝑧 = 𝑦)
9 vw . . 3 setvar 𝑤
108, 9wal 1526 . 2 wff 𝑤𝑦𝑧(∀𝑦𝜑𝑧 = 𝑦)
114, 2wel 2106 . . . . 5 wff 𝑧𝑦
12 vx . . . . . . . 8 setvar 𝑥
139, 12wel 2106 . . . . . . 7 wff 𝑤𝑥
1413, 3wa 396 . . . . . 6 wff (𝑤𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦𝜑)
1514, 9wex 1771 . . . . 5 wff 𝑤(𝑤𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦𝜑)
1611, 15wb 207 . . . 4 wff (𝑧𝑦 ↔ ∃𝑤(𝑤𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦𝜑))
1716, 4wal 1526 . . 3 wff 𝑧(𝑧𝑦 ↔ ∃𝑤(𝑤𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦𝜑))
1817, 2wex 1771 . 2 wff 𝑦𝑧(𝑧𝑦 ↔ ∃𝑤(𝑤𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦𝜑))
1910, 18wi 4 1 wff (∀𝑤𝑦𝑧(∀𝑦𝜑𝑧 = 𝑦) → ∃𝑦𝑧(𝑧𝑦 ↔ ∃𝑤(𝑤𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦𝜑)))
Colors of variables: wff setvar class
This axiom is referenced by:  axrep1  5183  axrep6  5189  axnulALT  5200  bj-snsetex  34173
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