Theorem cayleyhamilton 22921

Description: The Cayley-Hamilton theorem: A matrix over a commutative ring "satisfies its own characteristic equation", see theorem 7.8 in [Roman] p. 170 (without proof!), or theorem 3.1 in [Lang] p. 561. In other words, a matrix over a commutative ring "inserted" into its characteristic polynomial results in zero. This is Metamath 100 proof #49. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-Nov-2019.)

Hypotheses

Ref	Expression
cayleyhamilton.a	⊢ 𝐴 = (𝑁 Mat 𝑅)
cayleyhamilton.b	⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐴)
cayleyhamilton.0	⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐴)
cayleyhamilton.c	⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑁 CharPlyMat 𝑅)
cayleyhamilton.k	⊢ 𝐾 = (coe1‘(𝐶‘𝑀))
cayleyhamilton.m	⊢ ∗ = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐴)
cayleyhamilton.e	⊢ ↑ = (.g‘(mulGrp‘𝐴))

Assertion

Ref	Expression
cayleyhamilton	⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑅 ∈ CRing ∧ 𝑀 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝐴 Σg (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((𝐾‘𝑛) ∗ (𝑛 ↑ 𝑀)))) = 0 )

Distinct variable groups:   𝐴,𝑛   𝐵,𝑛   𝐶,𝑛   𝑛,𝑀   𝑛,𝑁   𝑅,𝑛   ∗ ,𝑛   ↑ ,𝑛

Allowed substitution hints:   𝐾(𝑛)   0 (𝑛)

Proof of Theorem cayleyhamilton

Dummy variables 𝑥 𝑦 𝑙 are mutually distinct and distinct from all other variables.

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		cayleyhamilton.a	. 2 ⊢ 𝐴 = (𝑁 Mat 𝑅)
2		cayleyhamilton.b	. 2 ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐴)
3		cayleyhamilton.0	. 2 ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐴)
4		eqid 2737	. 2 ⊢ (1r‘𝐴) = (1r‘𝐴)
5		cayleyhamilton.m	. 2 ⊢ ∗ = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐴)
6		cayleyhamilton.e	. 2 ⊢ ↑ = (.g‘(mulGrp‘𝐴))
7		cayleyhamilton.c	. 2 ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑁 CharPlyMat 𝑅)
8		cayleyhamilton.k	. 2 ⊢ 𝐾 = (coe1‘(𝐶‘𝑀))
9		eqid 2737	. 2 ⊢ (Poly1‘𝑅) = (Poly1‘𝑅)
10		eqid 2737	. 2 ⊢ (𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)) = (𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))
11		eqid 2737	. 2 ⊢ (.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))) = (.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))
12		eqid 2737	. 2 ⊢ (-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))) = (-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))
13		eqid 2737	. 2 ⊢ (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))) = (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))
14		eqid 2737	. 2 ⊢ (Base‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))) = (Base‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))
15		eqid 2737	. 2 ⊢ (.g‘(mulGrp‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))) = (.g‘(mulGrp‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))))
16		eqid 2737	. 2 ⊢ (𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅) = (𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)
17		eqeq1 2741	. . . 4 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → (𝑙 = 0 ↔ 𝑛 = 0))
18		eqeq1 2741	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → (𝑙 = (𝑥 + 1) ↔ 𝑛 = (𝑥 + 1)))
19		breq2 5155	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → ((𝑥 + 1) < 𝑙 ↔ (𝑥 + 1) < 𝑛))
20		fvoveq1 7461	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → (𝑦‘(𝑙 − 1)) = (𝑦‘(𝑛 − 1)))
21	20	fveq2d 6918	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑙 − 1))) = ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑛 − 1))))
22		2fveq3 6919	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑙)) = ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑛)))
23	22	oveq2d 7454	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑙))) = (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑛))))
24	21, 23	oveq12d 7456	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑙 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑙)))) = (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑛 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑛)))))
25	19, 24	ifbieq2d 4560	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → if((𝑥 + 1) < 𝑙, (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))), (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑙 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑙))))) = if((𝑥 + 1) < 𝑛, (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))), (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑛 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑛))))))
26	18, 25	ifbieq2d 4560	. . . 4 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → if(𝑙 = (𝑥 + 1), ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑥)), if((𝑥 + 1) < 𝑙, (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))), (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑙 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑙)))))) = if(𝑛 = (𝑥 + 1), ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑥)), if((𝑥 + 1) < 𝑛, (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))), (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑛 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑛)))))))
27	17, 26	ifbieq2d 4560	. . 3 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → if(𝑙 = 0, ((0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘0)))), if(𝑙 = (𝑥 + 1), ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑥)), if((𝑥 + 1) < 𝑙, (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))), (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑙 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑙))))))) = if(𝑛 = 0, ((0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘0)))), if(𝑛 = (𝑥 + 1), ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑥)), if((𝑥 + 1) < 𝑛, (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))), (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑛 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑛))))))))
28	27	cbvmptv 5264	. 2 ⊢ (𝑙 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ if(𝑙 = 0, ((0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘0)))), if(𝑙 = (𝑥 + 1), ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑥)), if((𝑥 + 1) < 𝑙, (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))), (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑙 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑙)))))))) = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ if(𝑛 = 0, ((0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘0)))), if(𝑛 = (𝑥 + 1), ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑥)), if((𝑥 + 1) < 𝑛, (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))), (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑛 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑛))))))))
29		eqid 2737	. 2 ⊢ (𝑁 cPolyMatToMat 𝑅) = (𝑁 cPolyMatToMat 𝑅)
30	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 28, 29	cayleyhamilton0 22920	1 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑅 ∈ CRing ∧ 𝑀 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝐴 Σg (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((𝐾‘𝑛) ∗ (𝑛 ↑ 𝑀)))) = 0 )

Syntax hints:   → wi 4   ∧ w3a 1087   = wceq 1539   ∈ wcel 2108  ifcif 4534   class class class wbr 5151   ↦ cmpt 5234  ‘cfv 6569  (class class class)co 7438  Fincfn 8993  0cc0 11162  1c1 11163   + caddc 11165   < clt 11302   − cmin 11499  ℕ₀cn0 12533  Basecbs 17254  ._rcmulr 17308   ·_𝑠 cvsca 17311  0_gc0g 17495   Σ_g cgsu 17496  -_gcsg 18975  ._gcmg 19107  mulGrpcmgp 20161  1_rcur 20208  CRingccrg 20261  Poly₁cpl1 22203  coe₁cco1 22204   Mat cmat 22436   matToPolyMat cmat2pmat 22735   cPolyMatToMat ccpmat2mat 22736   CharPlyMat cchpmat 22857

This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1794  ax-4 1808  ax-5 1910  ax-6 1967  ax-7 2007  ax-8 2110  ax-9 2118  ax-10 2141  ax-11 2157  ax-12 2177  ax-ext 2708  ax-rep 5288  ax-sep 5305  ax-nul 5315  ax-pow 5374  ax-pr 5441  ax-un 7761  ax-cnex 11218  ax-resscn 11219  ax-1cn 11220  ax-icn 11221  ax-addcl 11222  ax-addrcl 11223  ax-mulcl 11224  ax-mulrcl 11225  ax-mulcom 11226  ax-addass 11227  ax-mulass 11228  ax-distr 11229  ax-i2m1 11230  ax-1ne0 11231  ax-1rid 11232  ax-rnegex 11233  ax-rrecex 11234  ax-cnre 11235  ax-pre-lttri 11236  ax-pre-lttrn 11237  ax-pre-ltadd 11238  ax-pre-mulgt0 11239  ax-addf 11241  ax-mulf 11242

This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 207  df-an 396  df-or 849  df-3or 1088  df-3an 1089  df-xor 1511  df-tru 1542  df-fal 1552  df-ex 1779  df-nf 1783  df-sb 2065  df-mo 2540  df-eu 2569  df-clab 2715  df-cleq 2729  df-clel 2816  df-nfc 2892  df-ne 2941  df-nel 3047  df-ral 3062  df-rex 3071  df-rmo 3380  df-reu 3381  df-rab 3437  df-v 3483  df-sbc 3795  df-csb 3912  df-dif 3969  df-un 3971  df-in 3973  df-ss 3983  df-pss 3986  df-nul 4343  df-if 4535  df-pw 4610  df-sn 4635  df-pr 4637  df-tp 4639  df-op 4641  df-ot 4643  df-uni 4916  df-int 4955  df-iun 5001  df-iin 5002  df-br 5152  df-opab 5214  df-mpt 5235  df-tr 5269  df-id 5587  df-eprel 5593  df-po 5601  df-so 5602  df-fr 5645  df-se 5646  df-we 5647  df-xp 5699  df-rel 5700  df-cnv 5701  df-co 5702  df-dm 5703  df-rn 5704  df-res 5705  df-ima 5706  df-pred 6329  df-ord 6395  df-on 6396  df-lim 6397  df-suc 6398  df-iota 6522  df-fun 6571  df-fn 6572  df-f 6573  df-f1 6574  df-fo 6575  df-f1o 6576  df-fv 6577  df-isom 6578  df-riota 7395  df-ov 7441  df-oprab 7442  df-mpo 7443  df-of 7704  df-ofr 7705  df-om 7895  df-1st 8022  df-2nd 8023  df-supp 8194  df-tpos 8259  df-cur 8300  df-frecs 8314  df-wrecs 8345  df-recs 8419  df-rdg 8458  df-1o 8514  df-2o 8515  df-er 8753  df-map 8876  df-pm 8877  df-ixp 8946  df-en 8994  df-dom 8995  df-sdom 8996  df-fin 8997  df-fsupp 9409  df-sup 9489  df-oi 9557  df-card 9986  df-pnf 11304  df-mnf 11305  df-xr 11306  df-ltxr 11307  df-le 11308  df-sub 11501  df-neg 11502  df-div 11928  df-nn 12274  df-2 12336  df-3 12337  df-4 12338  df-5 12339  df-6 12340  df-7 12341  df-8 12342  df-9 12343  df-n0 12534  df-xnn0 12607  df-z 12621  df-dec 12741  df-uz 12886  df-rp 13042  df-fz 13554  df-fzo 13701  df-seq 14049  df-exp 14109  df-hash 14376  df-word 14559  df-lsw 14607  df-concat 14615  df-s1 14640  df-substr 14685  df-pfx 14715  df-splice 14794  df-reverse 14803  df-s2 14893  df-struct 17190  df-sets 17207  df-slot 17225  df-ndx 17237  df-base 17255  df-ress 17284  df-plusg 17320  df-mulr 17321  df-starv 17322  df-sca 17323  df-vsca 17324  df-ip 17325  df-tset 17326  df-ple 17327  df-ds 17329  df-unif 17330  df-hom 17331  df-cco 17332  df-0g 17497  df-gsum 17498  df-prds 17503  df-pws 17505  df-mre 17640  df-mrc 17641  df-acs 17643  df-mgm 18675  df-sgrp 18754  df-mnd 18770  df-mhm 18818  df-submnd 18819  df-efmnd 18904  df-grp 18976  df-minusg 18977  df-sbg 18978  df-mulg 19108  df-subg 19163  df-ghm 19253  df-gim 19299  df-cntz 19357  df-oppg 19386  df-symg 19411  df-pmtr 19484  df-psgn 19533  df-evpm 19534  df-cmn 19824  df-abl 19825  df-mgp 20162  df-rng 20180  df-ur 20209  df-srg 20214  df-ring 20262  df-cring 20263  df-oppr 20360  df-dvdsr 20383  df-unit 20384  df-invr 20414  df-dvr 20427  df-rhm 20498  df-subrng 20572  df-subrg 20596  df-drng 20757  df-lmod 20886  df-lss 20957  df-sra 21199  df-rgmod 21200  df-cnfld 21392  df-zring 21485  df-zrh 21541  df-dsmm 21779  df-frlm 21794  df-assa 21900  df-ascl 21902  df-psr 21956  df-mvr 21957  df-mpl 21958  df-opsr 21960  df-psr1 22206  df-vr1 22207  df-ply1 22208  df-coe1 22209  df-mamu 22420  df-mat 22437  df-mdet 22616  df-madu 22665  df-cpmat 22737  df-mat2pmat 22738  df-cpmat2mat 22739  df-decpmat 22794  df-pm2mp 22824  df-chpmat 22858

This theorem is referenced by:  cayleyhamilton1  22923