Definition df-bj-nnf 34893

Description: Definition of the nonfreeness quantifier. The formula Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 has the intended meaning that the variable 𝑥 is semantically nonfree in the formula 𝜑. The motivation for this quantifier is to have a condition expressible in the logic which is as close as possible to the non-occurrence condition DV (𝑥, 𝜑) (in Metamath files, "$d x ph $."), which belongs to the metalogic.

The standard syntactic nonfreeness condition, also expressed in the metalogic, is intermediate between these two notions: semantic nonfreeness implies syntactic nonfreeness, which implies non-occurrence. Both implications are strict; for the first, note that ⊢ Ⅎ'𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥, that is, 𝑥 is semantically (but not syntactically) nonfree in the formula 𝑥 = 𝑥; for the second, note that 𝑥 is syntactically nonfree in the formula ∀𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥 although it occurs in it.

We now prove two metatheorems which make precise the above fact that, as far as proving power is concerned, the nonfreeness condition Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 is very close to the non-occurrence condition DV (𝑥, 𝜑).

Let S be a Metamath system with the FOL-syntax of (i)set.mm, containing intuitionistic positive propositional calculus and ax-5 1913 and ax5e 1915.

Theorem 1. If the scheme

(Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 & PHI₁ & ... & PHI_n ⇒ PHI₀, DV)

is provable in S, then so is the scheme

(PHI₁ & ... & PHI_n ⇒ PHI₀, DV ∪ {{𝑥, 𝜑}}).

Proof: By bj-nnfv 34923, we can prove (Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑, {{𝑥, 𝜑}}), from which the theorem follows. QED

Theorem 2. Suppose that S also contains (the FOL version of) modal logic KB and commutation of quantifiers alcom 2156 and excom 2162 (possibly weakened by a DV condition on the quantifying variables), and that S can be axiomatized such that the only axioms with a DV condition involving a formula variable are among ax-5 1913, ax5e 1915, ax5ea 1916. If the scheme

(PHI₁ & ... & PHI_n ⇒ PHI₀, DV)

is provable in S, then so is the scheme

(Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 & PHI₁ & ... & PHI_n ⇒ PHI₀, DV ∖ {{𝑥, 𝜑}}).

More precisely, if S contains modal 45 and if the variables quantified over in PHI₀, ..., PHI_n are among 𝑥₁, ..., 𝑥_m, then the scheme

(PHI₁ & ... & PHI_n ⇒ (antecedent → PHI₀), DV ∖ {{𝑥, 𝜑}})

is provable in S, where the antecedent is a finite conjunction of formulas of the form ∀𝑥_i1 ...∀𝑥_ip Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 where the 𝑥_ij's are among the 𝑥_i's.

Lemma: If 𝑥 ∉ OC(PHI), then S proves the scheme

(Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 ⇒ Ⅎ'𝑥 PHI, {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PHI) ∖ {𝜑}}).

More precisely, if the variables quantified over in PHI are among 𝑥₁, ..., 𝑥_m, then

((antecedent → Ⅎ'𝑥 PHI), {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PHI) ∖ {𝜑}})

is provable in S, with the same form of antecedent as above.

Proof: By induction on the height of PHI. We first note that by bj-nnfbi 34894 we can assume that PHI contains only primitive (as opposed to defined) symbols. For the base case, atomic formulas are either 𝜑, in which case the scheme to prove is an instance of id 22, or have variables all in OC(PHI) ∖ {𝜑}, so (Ⅎ'𝑥 PHI, {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PHI) ∖ {𝜑}}) by bj-nnfv 34923, hence ((Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 → Ⅎ'𝑥 PHI), {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PHI) ∖ {𝜑}}) by a1i 11. For the induction step, PHI is either an implication, a negation, a conjunction, a disjunction, a biconditional, a universal or an existential quantification of formulas where 𝑥 does not occur. We use respectively bj-nnfim 34915, bj-nnfnt 34909, bj-nnfan 34917, bj-nnfor 34919, bj-nnfbit 34921, bj-nnfalt 34935, bj-nnfext 34936. For instance, in the implication case, if we have by induction hypothesis

((∀𝑥₁ ...∀𝑥_m Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 → Ⅎ'𝑥 PHI), {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PHI) ∖ {𝜑}}) and ((∀𝑦₁ ...∀𝑦_n Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 → Ⅎ'𝑥 PSI), {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PSI) ∖ {𝜑}}),

then bj-nnfim 34915 yields

(((∀𝑥₁ ...∀𝑥_m Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑦₁ ...∀𝑦_n Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑) → Ⅎ'𝑥 (PHI → PSI)), {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PHI → PSI) ∖ {𝜑}})

and similarly for antecedents which are conjunctions as in the statement of the lemma.

In the universal quantification case, say quantification over 𝑦, if we have by induction hypothesis

((∀𝑥₁ ...∀𝑥_m Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 → Ⅎ'𝑥 PHI), {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PHI) ∖ {𝜑}}),

then bj-nnfalt 34935 yields

((∀𝑦∀𝑥₁ ...∀𝑥_m Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 → Ⅎ'𝑥∀𝑦 PHI), {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(∀𝑦 PHI) ∖ {𝜑}})

and similarly for antecedents which are conjunctions as in the statement of the lemma.

Note bj-nnfalt 34935 and bj-nnfext 34936 are proved from positive propositional calculus with alcom 2156 and excom 2162 (possibly weakened by a DV condition on the quantifying variables), and modalB (via bj-19.12 34930). QED

Proof of the theorem: Consider a proof of that scheme directly from the axioms. Consider a step where a DV condition involving 𝜑 is used. By hypothesis, that step is an instance of ax-5 1913 or ax5e 1915 or ax5ea 1916. It has the form (PSI → ∀𝑥 PSI) where PSI has the form of the lemma and the DV conditions of the proof contain {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PSI) }. Therefore, one has

((∀𝑥₁ ...∀𝑥_m Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 → Ⅎ'𝑥 PSI), {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PSI) ∖ {𝜑}})

for appropriate 𝑥_i's, and by bj-nnfa 34897 we obtain

((∀𝑥₁ ...∀𝑥_m Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 → (PSI → ∀𝑥 PSI)), {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PSI) ∖ {𝜑}})

and similarly for antecedents which are conjunctions as in the statement of the theorem. Similarly if the step is using ax5e 1915 or ax5ea 1916, we would use bj-nnfe 34900 or bj-nnfea 34903 respectively.

Therefore, taking as antecedent of the theorem to prove the conjunction of all the antecedents at each of these steps, we obtain a proof by "carrying the context over", which is possible, as in the deduction theorem when the step uses ax-mp 5, and when the step uses ax-gen 1798, by bj-nnf-alrim 34924 and bj-nnfa1 34928 (which requires modal 45). The condition DV (𝑥, 𝜑) is not required by the resulting proof.

Finally, there may be in the global antecedent thus constructed some dummy variables, which can be removed by spvw 1984. QED

Compared with df-nf 1787, the present definition is stricter on positive propositional calculus (bj-nnfnfTEMP 34907) and equivalent on core FOL plus sp 2176 (bj-nfnnfTEMP 34927). While being stricter, it still holds for non-occurring variables (bj-nnfv 34923), which is the basic requirement for this quantifier. In particular, it translates more closely the associated variable disjointness condition. Since the nonfreeness quantifier is a means to translate a variable disjointness condition from the metalogic to the logic, it seems preferable. Also, since nonfreeness is mainly used as a hypothesis, this definition would allow more theorems, notably the 19.xx theorems, to be proved from the core axioms, without needing a 19.xxv variant.

One can devise infinitely many definitions increasingly close to the non-occurring condition, like ((∃𝑥𝜑 → 𝜑) ∧ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑)) ∧ ∀𝑥((∃𝑥𝜑 → 𝜑) ∧ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑)) ∧ ∀𝑥∀𝑥... and each stronger definition would permit more theorems to be proved from the core axioms. A reasonable rule seems to be to stop before nested quantifiers appear (since they typically require ax-10 2137 to work with), and also not to have redundant conjuncts when full metacomplete FOL= is developed.

(Contributed by BJ, 28-Jul-2023.)

Assertion

Ref	Expression
df-bj-nnf	⊢ (Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 ↔ ((∃𝑥𝜑 → 𝜑) ∧ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑)))

Detailed syntax breakdown of Definition df-bj-nnf

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		wph	. . 3 wff 𝜑
2		vx	. . 3 setvar 𝑥
3	1, 2	wnnf 34892	. 2 wff Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑
4	1, 2	wex 1782	. . . 4 wff ∃𝑥𝜑
5	4, 1	wi 4	. . 3 wff (∃𝑥𝜑 → 𝜑)
6	1, 2	wal 1537	. . . 4 wff ∀𝑥𝜑
7	1, 6	wi 4	. . 3 wff (𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑)
8	5, 7	wa 396	. 2 wff ((∃𝑥𝜑 → 𝜑) ∧ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑))
9	3, 8	wb 205	1 wff (Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 ↔ ((∃𝑥𝜑 → 𝜑) ∧ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑)))

This definition is referenced by:  bj-nnfbi  34894  bj-nnfa  34897  bj-nnfe  34900  bj-dfnnf2  34906  bj-wnfnf  34908  bj-nnfnt  34909  bj-nnftht  34910  bj-nnfim  34915  bj-nnfan  34917  bj-nnfand  34918  bj-nnfor  34919  bj-nnford  34920  bj-nnfv  34923  bj-dfnnf3  34926  bj-nnfa1  34928  bj-nnfe1  34929  bj-nnfalt  34935  bj-nnfext  34936