Definition df-bj-nnf 34833

Description: Definition of the nonfreeness quantifier. The formula Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 has the intended meaning that the variable 𝑥 is semantically nonfree in the formula 𝜑. The motivation for this quantifier is to have a condition expressible in the logic which is as close as possible to the non-occurrence condition DV (𝑥, 𝜑) (in Metamath files, "$d x ph $."), which belongs to the metalogic.

The standard syntactic nonfreeness condition, also expressed in the metalogic, is intermediate between these two notions: semantic nonfreeness implies syntactic nonfreeness, which implies non-occurrence. Both implications are strict; for the first, note that ⊢ Ⅎ'𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥, that is, 𝑥 is semantically (but not syntactically) nonfree in the formula 𝑥 = 𝑥; for the second, note that 𝑥 is syntactically nonfree in the formula ∀𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥 although it occurs in it.

We now prove two metatheorems which make precise the above fact that, as far as proving power is concerned, the nonfreeness condition Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 is very close to the non-occurrence condition DV (𝑥, 𝜑).

Let S be a Metamath system with the FOL-syntax of (i)set.mm, containing intuitionistic positive propositional calculus and ax-5 1914 and ax5e 1916.

Theorem 1. If the scheme

(Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 & PHI₁ & ... & PHI_n ⇒ PHI₀, DV)

is provable in S, then so is the scheme

(PHI₁ & ... & PHI_n ⇒ PHI₀, DV ∪ {{𝑥, 𝜑}}).

Proof: By bj-nnfv 34863, we can prove (Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑, {{𝑥, 𝜑}}), from which the theorem follows. QED

Theorem 2. Suppose that S also contains (the FOL version of) modal logic KB and commutation of quantifiers alcom 2158 and excom 2164 (possibly weakened by a DV condition on the quantifying variables), and that S can be axiomatized such that the only axioms with a DV condition involving a formula variable are among ax-5 1914, ax5e 1916, ax5ea 1917. If the scheme

(PHI₁ & ... & PHI_n ⇒ PHI₀, DV)

is provable in S, then so is the scheme

(Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 & PHI₁ & ... & PHI_n ⇒ PHI₀, DV ∖ {{𝑥, 𝜑}}).

More precisely, if S contains modal 45 and if the variables quantified over in PHI₀, ..., PHI_n are among 𝑥₁, ..., 𝑥_m, then the scheme

(PHI₁ & ... & PHI_n ⇒ (antecedent → PHI₀), DV ∖ {{𝑥, 𝜑}})

is provable in S, where the antecedent is a finite conjunction of formulas of the form ∀𝑥_i1 ...∀𝑥_ip Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 where the 𝑥_ij's are among the 𝑥_i's.

Lemma: If 𝑥 ∉ OC(PHI), then S proves the scheme

(Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 ⇒ Ⅎ'𝑥 PHI, {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PHI) ∖ {𝜑}}).

More precisely, if the variables quantified over in PHI are among 𝑥₁, ..., 𝑥_m, then

((antecedent → Ⅎ'𝑥 PHI), {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PHI) ∖ {𝜑}})

is provable in S, with the same form of antecedent as above.

Proof: By induction on the height of PHI. We first note that by bj-nnfbi 34834 we can assume that PHI contains only primitive (as opposed to defined) symbols. For the base case, atomic formulas are either 𝜑, in which case the scheme to prove is an instance of id 22, or have variables all in OC(PHI) ∖ {𝜑}, so (Ⅎ'𝑥 PHI, {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PHI) ∖ {𝜑}}) by bj-nnfv 34863, hence ((Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 → Ⅎ'𝑥 PHI), {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PHI) ∖ {𝜑}}) by a1i 11. For the induction step, PHI is either an implication, a negation, a conjunction, a disjunction, a biconditional, a universal or an existential quantification of formulas where 𝑥 does not occur. We use respectively bj-nnfim 34855, bj-nnfnt 34849, bj-nnfan 34857, bj-nnfor 34859, bj-nnfbit 34861, bj-nnfalt 34875, bj-nnfext 34876. For instance, in the implication case, if we have by induction hypothesis

((∀𝑥₁ ...∀𝑥_m Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 → Ⅎ'𝑥 PHI), {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PHI) ∖ {𝜑}}) and ((∀𝑦₁ ...∀𝑦_n Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 → Ⅎ'𝑥 PSI), {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PSI) ∖ {𝜑}}),

then bj-nnfim 34855 yields

(((∀𝑥₁ ...∀𝑥_m Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑦₁ ...∀𝑦_n Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑) → Ⅎ'𝑥 (PHI → PSI)), {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PHI → PSI) ∖ {𝜑}})

and similarly for antecedents which are conjunctions as in the statement of the lemma.

In the universal quantification case, say quantification over 𝑦, if we have by induction hypothesis

((∀𝑥₁ ...∀𝑥_m Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 → Ⅎ'𝑥 PHI), {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PHI) ∖ {𝜑}}),

then bj-nnfalt 34875 yields

((∀𝑦∀𝑥₁ ...∀𝑥_m Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 → Ⅎ'𝑥∀𝑦 PHI), {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(∀𝑦 PHI) ∖ {𝜑}})

and similarly for antecedents which are conjunctions as in the statement of the lemma.

Note bj-nnfalt 34875 and bj-nnfext 34876 are proved from positive propositional calculus with alcom 2158 and excom 2164 (possibly weakened by a DV condition on the quantifying variables), and modalB (via bj-19.12 34870). QED

Proof of the theorem: Consider a proof of that scheme directly from the axioms. Consider a step where a DV condition involving 𝜑 is used. By hypothesis, that step is an instance of ax-5 1914 or ax5e 1916 or ax5ea 1917. It has the form (PSI → ∀𝑥 PSI) where PSI has the form of the lemma and the DV conditions of the proof contain {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PSI) }. Therefore, one has

((∀𝑥₁ ...∀𝑥_m Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 → Ⅎ'𝑥 PSI), {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PSI) ∖ {𝜑}})

for appropriate 𝑥_i's, and by bj-nnfa 34837 we obtain

((∀𝑥₁ ...∀𝑥_m Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 → (PSI → ∀𝑥 PSI)), {{𝑥, 𝑎} ∣ 𝑎 ∈ OC(PSI) ∖ {𝜑}})

and similarly for antecedents which are conjunctions as in the statement of the theorem. Similarly if the step is using ax5e 1916 or ax5ea 1917, we would use bj-nnfe 34840 or bj-nnfea 34843 respectively.

Therefore, taking as antecedent of the theorem to prove the conjunction of all the antecedents at each of these steps, we obtain a proof by "carrying the context over", which is possible, as in the deduction theorem when the step uses ax-mp 5, and when the step uses ax-gen 1799, by bj-nnf-alrim 34864 and bj-nnfa1 34868 (which requires modal 45). The condition DV (𝑥, 𝜑) is not required by the resulting proof.

Finally, there may be in the global antecedent thus constructed some dummy variables, which can be removed by spvw 1985. QED

Compared with df-nf 1788, the present definition is stricter on positive propositional calculus (bj-nnfnfTEMP 34847) and equivalent on core FOL plus sp 2178 (bj-nfnnfTEMP 34867). While being stricter, it still holds for non-occurring variables (bj-nnfv 34863), which is the basic requirement for this quantifier. In particular, it translates more closely the associated variable disjointness condition. Since the nonfreeness quantifier is a means to translate a variable disjointness condition from the metalogic to the logic, it seems preferable. Also, since nonfreeness is mainly used as a hypothesis, this definition would allow more theorems, notably the 19.xx theorems, to be proved from the core axioms, without needing a 19.xxv variant.

One can devise infinitely many definitions increasingly close to the non-occurring condition, like ((∃𝑥𝜑 → 𝜑) ∧ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑)) ∧ ∀𝑥((∃𝑥𝜑 → 𝜑) ∧ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑)) ∧ ∀𝑥∀𝑥... and each stronger definition would permit more theorems to be proved from the core axioms. A reasonable rule seems to be to stop before nested quantifiers appear (since they typically require ax-10 2139 to work with), and also not to have redundant conjuncts when full metacomplete FOL= is developed.

(Contributed by BJ, 28-Jul-2023.)

Assertion

Ref	Expression
df-bj-nnf	⊢ (Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 ↔ ((∃𝑥𝜑 → 𝜑) ∧ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑)))

Detailed syntax breakdown of Definition df-bj-nnf

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		wph	. . 3 wff 𝜑
2		vx	. . 3 setvar 𝑥
3	1, 2	wnnf 34832	. 2 wff Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑
4	1, 2	wex 1783	. . . 4 wff ∃𝑥𝜑
5	4, 1	wi 4	. . 3 wff (∃𝑥𝜑 → 𝜑)
6	1, 2	wal 1537	. . . 4 wff ∀𝑥𝜑
7	1, 6	wi 4	. . 3 wff (𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑)
8	5, 7	wa 395	. 2 wff ((∃𝑥𝜑 → 𝜑) ∧ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑))
9	3, 8	wb 205	1 wff (Ⅎ'𝑥𝜑 ↔ ((∃𝑥𝜑 → 𝜑) ∧ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑)))

This definition is referenced by:  bj-nnfbi  34834  bj-nnfa  34837  bj-nnfe  34840  bj-dfnnf2  34846  bj-wnfnf  34848  bj-nnfnt  34849  bj-nnftht  34850  bj-nnfim  34855  bj-nnfan  34857  bj-nnfand  34858  bj-nnfor  34859  bj-nnford  34860  bj-nnfv  34863  bj-dfnnf3  34866  bj-nnfa1  34868  bj-nnfe1  34869  bj-nnfalt  34875  bj-nnfext  34876