Theorem isbth 6932

Description: Schroeder-Bernstein Theorem. Theorem 18 of [Suppes] p. 95. This theorem states that if set A is smaller (has lower cardinality) than B and vice-versa, then A and B are equinumerous (have the same cardinality). The interesting thing is that this can be proved without invoking the Axiom of Choice, as we do here, but the proof as you can see is quite difficult. (The theorem can be proved more easily if we allow AC.) The main proof consists of lemmas sbthlem1 6922 through sbthlemi10 6931; this final piece mainly changes bound variables to eliminate the hypotheses of sbthlemi10 6931. We follow closely the proof in Suppes, which you should consult to understand our proof at a higher level. Note that Suppes' proof, which is credited to J. M. Whitaker, does not require the Axiom of Infinity. The proof does require the law of the excluded middle which cannot be avoided as shown at exmidsbthr 13902. (Contributed by NM, 8-Jun-1998.)

Assertion

Ref	Expression
isbth	|- ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) -> A ~~ B )

Proof of Theorem isbth

Dummy variables x y z w f g are mutually distinct and distinct from all other variables.

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		simprl 521	. 2 |- ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) -> A ~<_ B )
2		simprr 522	. 2 |- ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) -> B ~<_ A )
3		reldom 6711	. . . . 5 |- Rel ~<_
4	3	brrelex1i 4647	. . . 4 |- ( B ~<_ A -> B e. _V )
5	2, 4	syl 14	. . 3 |- ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) -> B e. _V )
6		breq2 3986	. . . . . 6 |- ( w = B -> ( A ~<_ w <-> A ~<_ B ) )
7		breq1 3985	. . . . . 6 |- ( w = B -> ( w ~<_ A <-> B ~<_ A ) )
8	6, 7	anbi12d 465	. . . . 5 |- ( w = B -> ( ( A ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ A ) <-> ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) )
9		breq2 3986	. . . . 5 |- ( w = B -> ( A ~~ w <-> A ~~ B ) )
10	8, 9	imbi12d 233	. . . 4 |- ( w = B -> ( ( ( A ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ A ) -> A ~~ w ) <-> ( ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) -> A ~~ B ) ) )
11	10	adantl 275	. . 3 |- ( ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) /\ w = B ) -> ( ( ( A ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ A ) -> A ~~ w ) <-> ( ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) -> A ~~ B ) ) )
12	3	brrelex1i 4647	. . . . 5 |- ( A ~<_ B -> A e. _V )
13	1, 12	syl 14	. . . 4 |- ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) -> A e. _V )
14		breq1 3985	. . . . . . 7 |- ( z = A -> ( z ~<_ w <-> A ~<_ w ) )
15		breq2 3986	. . . . . . 7 |- ( z = A -> ( w ~<_ z <-> w ~<_ A ) )
16	14, 15	anbi12d 465	. . . . . 6 |- ( z = A -> ( ( z ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ z ) <-> ( A ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ A ) ) )
17		breq1 3985	. . . . . 6 |- ( z = A -> ( z ~~ w <-> A ~~ w ) )
18	16, 17	imbi12d 233	. . . . 5 |- ( z = A -> ( ( ( z ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ z ) -> z ~~ w ) <-> ( ( A ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ A ) -> A ~~ w ) ) )
19	18	adantl 275	. . . 4 |- ( ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) /\ z = A ) -> ( ( ( z ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ z ) -> z ~~ w ) <-> ( ( A ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ A ) -> A ~~ w ) ) )
20		vex 2729	. . . . . . 7 |- z e. _V
21		sseq1 3165	. . . . . . . . 9 |- ( y = x -> ( y C_ z <-> x C_ z ) )
22		imaeq2 4942	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 |- ( y = x -> ( f " y ) = ( f " x ) )
23	22	difeq2d 3240	. . . . . . . . . . 11 |- ( y = x -> ( w \ ( f " y ) ) = ( w \ ( f " x ) ) )
24	23	imaeq2d 4946	. . . . . . . . . 10 |- ( y = x -> ( g " ( w \ ( f " y ) ) ) = ( g " ( w \ ( f " x ) ) ) )
25		difeq2 3234	. . . . . . . . . 10 |- ( y = x -> ( z \ y ) = ( z \ x ) )
26	24, 25	sseq12d 3173	. . . . . . . . 9 |- ( y = x -> ( ( g " ( w \ ( f " y ) ) ) C_ ( z \ y ) <-> ( g " ( w \ ( f " x ) ) ) C_ ( z \ x ) ) )
27	21, 26	anbi12d 465	. . . . . . . 8 |- ( y = x -> ( ( y C_ z /\ ( g " ( w \ ( f " y ) ) ) C_ ( z \ y ) ) <-> ( x C_ z /\ ( g " ( w \ ( f " x ) ) ) C_ ( z \ x ) ) ) )
28	27	cbvabv 2291	. . . . . . 7 |- { y | ( y C_ z /\ ( g " ( w \ ( f " y ) ) ) C_ ( z \ y ) ) } = { x | ( x C_ z /\ ( g " ( w \ ( f " x ) ) ) C_ ( z \ x ) ) }
29		eqid 2165	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( f |` U. { y | ( y C_ z /\ ( g " ( w \ ( f " y ) ) ) C_ ( z \ y ) ) } ) u. ( `' g |` ( z \ U. { y | ( y C_ z /\ ( g " ( w \ ( f " y ) ) ) C_ ( z \ y ) ) } ) ) ) = ( ( f |` U. { y | ( y C_ z /\ ( g " ( w \ ( f " y ) ) ) C_ ( z \ y ) ) } ) u. ( `' g |` ( z \ U. { y | ( y C_ z /\ ( g " ( w \ ( f " y ) ) ) C_ ( z \ y ) ) } ) ) )
30		vex 2729	. . . . . . 7 |- w e. _V
31	20, 28, 29, 30	sbthlemi10 6931	. . . . . 6 |- ( (EXMID /\ ( z ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ z ) ) -> z ~~ w )
32	31	ex 114	. . . . 5 |- (EXMID -> ( ( z ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ z ) -> z ~~ w ) )
33	32	adantr 274	. . . 4 |- ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) -> ( ( z ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ z ) -> z ~~ w ) )
34	13, 19, 33	vtocld 2778	. . 3 |- ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) -> ( ( A ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ A ) -> A ~~ w ) )
35	5, 11, 34	vtocld 2778	. 2 |- ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) -> ( ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) -> A ~~ B ) )
36	1, 2, 35	mp2and 430	1 |- ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) -> A ~~ B )

Syntax hints:   -> wi 4   /\ wa 103   <-> wb 104   = wceq 1343   e. wcel 2136   {cab 2151   _Vcvv 2726   \ cdif 3113   u. cun 3114   C_ wss 3116   U.cuni 3789   class class class wbr 3982  EXMIDwem 4173   `'ccnv 4603   |` cres 4606   "cima 4607   ~~ cen 6704   ~<_ cdom 6705

This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-ia1 105  ax-ia2 106  ax-ia3 107  ax-in1 604  ax-in2 605  ax-io 699  ax-5 1435  ax-7 1436  ax-gen 1437  ax-ie1 1481  ax-ie2 1482  ax-8 1492  ax-10 1493  ax-11 1494  ax-i12 1495  ax-bndl 1497  ax-4 1498  ax-17 1514  ax-i9 1518  ax-ial 1522  ax-i5r 1523  ax-13 2138  ax-14 2139  ax-ext 2147  ax-sep 4100  ax-nul 4108  ax-pow 4153  ax-pr 4187  ax-un 4411

This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 116  df-stab 821  df-dc 825  df-3an 970  df-tru 1346  df-nf 1449  df-sb 1751  df-eu 2017  df-mo 2018  df-clab 2152  df-cleq 2158  df-clel 2161  df-nfc 2297  df-ral 2449  df-rex 2450  df-rab 2453  df-v 2728  df-dif 3118  df-un 3120  df-in 3122  df-ss 3129  df-nul 3410  df-pw 3561  df-sn 3582  df-pr 3583  df-op 3585  df-uni 3790  df-br 3983  df-opab 4044  df-exmid 4174  df-id 4271  df-xp 4610  df-rel 4611  df-cnv 4612  df-co 4613  df-dm 4614  df-rn 4615  df-res 4616  df-ima 4617  df-fun 5190  df-fn 5191  df-f 5192  df-f1 5193  df-fo 5194  df-f1o 5195  df-en 6707  df-dom 6708

This theorem is referenced by:  exmidsbth  13903