Theorem isbth 7157

Description: Schroeder-Bernstein Theorem. Theorem 18 of [Suppes] p. 95. This theorem states that if set A is smaller (has lower cardinality) than B and vice-versa, then A and B are equinumerous (have the same cardinality). The interesting thing is that this can be proved without invoking the Axiom of Choice, as we do here, but the proof as you can see is quite difficult. (The theorem can be proved more easily if we allow AC.) The main proof consists of lemmas sbthlem1 7147 through sbthlemi10 7156; this final piece mainly changes bound variables to eliminate the hypotheses of sbthlemi10 7156. We follow closely the proof in Suppes, which you should consult to understand our proof at a higher level. Note that Suppes' proof, which is credited to J. M. Whitaker, does not require the Axiom of Infinity. The proof does require the law of the excluded middle which cannot be avoided as shown at exmidsbthr 16563. (Contributed by NM, 8-Jun-1998.)

Assertion

Ref	Expression
isbth	|- ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) -> A ~~ B )

Proof of Theorem isbth

Dummy variables x y z w f g are mutually distinct and distinct from all other variables.

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		simprl 529	. 2 |- ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) -> A ~<_ B )
2		simprr 531	. 2 |- ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) -> B ~<_ A )
3		reldom 6909	. . . . 5 |- Rel ~<_
4	3	brrelex1i 4767	. . . 4 |- ( B ~<_ A -> B e. _V )
5	2, 4	syl 14	. . 3 |- ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) -> B e. _V )
6		breq2 4090	. . . . . 6 |- ( w = B -> ( A ~<_ w <-> A ~<_ B ) )
7		breq1 4089	. . . . . 6 |- ( w = B -> ( w ~<_ A <-> B ~<_ A ) )
8	6, 7	anbi12d 473	. . . . 5 |- ( w = B -> ( ( A ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ A ) <-> ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) )
9		breq2 4090	. . . . 5 |- ( w = B -> ( A ~~ w <-> A ~~ B ) )
10	8, 9	imbi12d 234	. . . 4 |- ( w = B -> ( ( ( A ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ A ) -> A ~~ w ) <-> ( ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) -> A ~~ B ) ) )
11	10	adantl 277	. . 3 |- ( ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) /\ w = B ) -> ( ( ( A ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ A ) -> A ~~ w ) <-> ( ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) -> A ~~ B ) ) )
12	3	brrelex1i 4767	. . . . 5 |- ( A ~<_ B -> A e. _V )
13	1, 12	syl 14	. . . 4 |- ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) -> A e. _V )
14		breq1 4089	. . . . . . 7 |- ( z = A -> ( z ~<_ w <-> A ~<_ w ) )
15		breq2 4090	. . . . . . 7 |- ( z = A -> ( w ~<_ z <-> w ~<_ A ) )
16	14, 15	anbi12d 473	. . . . . 6 |- ( z = A -> ( ( z ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ z ) <-> ( A ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ A ) ) )
17		breq1 4089	. . . . . 6 |- ( z = A -> ( z ~~ w <-> A ~~ w ) )
18	16, 17	imbi12d 234	. . . . 5 |- ( z = A -> ( ( ( z ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ z ) -> z ~~ w ) <-> ( ( A ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ A ) -> A ~~ w ) ) )
19	18	adantl 277	. . . 4 |- ( ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) /\ z = A ) -> ( ( ( z ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ z ) -> z ~~ w ) <-> ( ( A ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ A ) -> A ~~ w ) ) )
20		vex 2803	. . . . . . 7 |- z e. _V
21		sseq1 3248	. . . . . . . . 9 |- ( y = x -> ( y C_ z <-> x C_ z ) )
22		imaeq2 5070	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 |- ( y = x -> ( f " y ) = ( f " x ) )
23	22	difeq2d 3323	. . . . . . . . . . 11 |- ( y = x -> ( w \ ( f " y ) ) = ( w \ ( f " x ) ) )
24	23	imaeq2d 5074	. . . . . . . . . 10 |- ( y = x -> ( g " ( w \ ( f " y ) ) ) = ( g " ( w \ ( f " x ) ) ) )
25		difeq2 3317	. . . . . . . . . 10 |- ( y = x -> ( z \ y ) = ( z \ x ) )
26	24, 25	sseq12d 3256	. . . . . . . . 9 |- ( y = x -> ( ( g " ( w \ ( f " y ) ) ) C_ ( z \ y ) <-> ( g " ( w \ ( f " x ) ) ) C_ ( z \ x ) ) )
27	21, 26	anbi12d 473	. . . . . . . 8 |- ( y = x -> ( ( y C_ z /\ ( g " ( w \ ( f " y ) ) ) C_ ( z \ y ) ) <-> ( x C_ z /\ ( g " ( w \ ( f " x ) ) ) C_ ( z \ x ) ) ) )
28	27	cbvabv 2354	. . . . . . 7 |- { y | ( y C_ z /\ ( g " ( w \ ( f " y ) ) ) C_ ( z \ y ) ) } = { x | ( x C_ z /\ ( g " ( w \ ( f " x ) ) ) C_ ( z \ x ) ) }
29		eqid 2229	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( f |` U. { y | ( y C_ z /\ ( g " ( w \ ( f " y ) ) ) C_ ( z \ y ) ) } ) u. ( `' g |` ( z \ U. { y | ( y C_ z /\ ( g " ( w \ ( f " y ) ) ) C_ ( z \ y ) ) } ) ) ) = ( ( f |` U. { y | ( y C_ z /\ ( g " ( w \ ( f " y ) ) ) C_ ( z \ y ) ) } ) u. ( `' g |` ( z \ U. { y | ( y C_ z /\ ( g " ( w \ ( f " y ) ) ) C_ ( z \ y ) ) } ) ) )
30		vex 2803	. . . . . . 7 |- w e. _V
31	20, 28, 29, 30	sbthlemi10 7156	. . . . . 6 |- ( (EXMID /\ ( z ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ z ) ) -> z ~~ w )
32	31	ex 115	. . . . 5 |- (EXMID -> ( ( z ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ z ) -> z ~~ w ) )
33	32	adantr 276	. . . 4 |- ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) -> ( ( z ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ z ) -> z ~~ w ) )
34	13, 19, 33	vtocld 2854	. . 3 |- ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) -> ( ( A ~<_ w /\ w ~<_ A ) -> A ~~ w ) )
35	5, 11, 34	vtocld 2854	. 2 |- ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) -> ( ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) -> A ~~ B ) )
36	1, 2, 35	mp2and 433	1 |- ( (EXMID /\ ( A ~<_ B /\ B ~<_ A ) ) -> A ~~ B )

Syntax hints:   -> wi 4   /\ wa 104   <-> wb 105   = wceq 1395   e. wcel 2200   {cab 2215   _Vcvv 2800   \ cdif 3195   u. cun 3196   C_ wss 3198   U.cuni 3891   class class class wbr 4086  EXMIDwem 4282   `'ccnv 4722   |` cres 4725   "cima 4726   ~~ cen 6902   ~<_ cdom 6903

This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-ia1 106  ax-ia2 107  ax-ia3 108  ax-in1 617  ax-in2 618  ax-io 714  ax-5 1493  ax-7 1494  ax-gen 1495  ax-ie1 1539  ax-ie2 1540  ax-8 1550  ax-10 1551  ax-11 1552  ax-i12 1553  ax-bndl 1555  ax-4 1556  ax-17 1572  ax-i9 1576  ax-ial 1580  ax-i5r 1581  ax-13 2202  ax-14 2203  ax-ext 2211  ax-sep 4205  ax-nul 4213  ax-pow 4262  ax-pr 4297  ax-un 4528

This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 117  df-stab 836  df-dc 840  df-3an 1004  df-tru 1398  df-nf 1507  df-sb 1809  df-eu 2080  df-mo 2081  df-clab 2216  df-cleq 2222  df-clel 2225  df-nfc 2361  df-ral 2513  df-rex 2514  df-rab 2517  df-v 2802  df-dif 3200  df-un 3202  df-in 3204  df-ss 3211  df-nul 3493  df-pw 3652  df-sn 3673  df-pr 3674  df-op 3676  df-uni 3892  df-br 4087  df-opab 4149  df-exmid 4283  df-id 4388  df-xp 4729  df-rel 4730  df-cnv 4731  df-co 4732  df-dm 4733  df-rn 4734  df-res 4735  df-ima 4736  df-fun 5326  df-fn 5327  df-f 5328  df-f1 5329  df-fo 5330  df-f1o 5331  df-en 6905  df-dom 6906

This theorem is referenced by:  exmidsbth  16564