Theorem ackm 9684

Description: A remarkable equivalent to the Axiom of Choice that has only five quantifiers (when expanded to ∈, = primitives in prenex form), discovered and proved by Kurt Maes. This establishes a new record, reducing from 6 to 5 the largest number of quantified variables needed by any ZFC axiom. The ZF-equivalence to AC is shown by theorem dfackm 9385. Maes found this version of AC in April 2004 (replacing a longer version, also with five quantifiers, that he found in November 2003). See Kurt Maes, "A 5-quantifier (∈,=)-expression ZF-equivalent to the Axiom of Choice" (http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/0705/0705.3162v1.pdf).

The original FOM posts are: http://www.cs.nyu.edu/pipermail/fom/2003-November/007631.html http://www.cs.nyu.edu/pipermail/fom/2003-November/007641.html. (Contributed by NM, 29-Apr-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 17-May-2015.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

Assertion

Ref	Expression
ackm	⊢ ∀𝑥∃𝑦∀𝑧∃𝑣∀𝑢((𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ¬ 𝑦 = 𝑣) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑣))) ∨ (¬ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑦) ∧ ((𝑢 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑦) → 𝑢 = 𝑣)))))

Distinct variable group:   𝑥,𝑦,𝑧,𝑣,𝑢

Proof of Theorem ackm

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		axac3 9683	. 2 ⊢ CHOICE
2		dfackm 9385	. 2 ⊢ (CHOICE ↔ ∀𝑥∃𝑦∀𝑧∃𝑣∀𝑢((𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ¬ 𝑦 = 𝑣) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑣))) ∨ (¬ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑦) ∧ ((𝑢 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑦) → 𝑢 = 𝑣))))))
3	1, 2	mpbi 222	1 ⊢ ∀𝑥∃𝑦∀𝑧∃𝑣∀𝑢((𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ¬ 𝑦 = 𝑣) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑣))) ∨ (¬ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑦) ∧ ((𝑢 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑦) → 𝑢 = 𝑣)))))

Syntax hints:  ¬ wn 3   → wi 4   ∧ wa 387   ∨ wo 834  ∀wal 1506   = wceq 1508  ∃wex 1743   ∈ wcel 2051  CHOICEwac 9334

This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1759  ax-4 1773  ax-5 1870  ax-6 1929  ax-7 1966  ax-8 2053  ax-9 2060  ax-10 2080  ax-11 2094  ax-12 2107  ax-13 2302  ax-ext 2745  ax-rep 5046  ax-sep 5057  ax-nul 5064  ax-pow 5116  ax-pr 5183  ax-un 7278  ax-ac2 9682

This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 199  df-an 388  df-or 835  df-3an 1071  df-tru 1511  df-ex 1744  df-nf 1748  df-sb 2017  df-mo 2548  df-eu 2585  df-clab 2754  df-cleq 2766  df-clel 2841  df-nfc 2913  df-ne 2963  df-ral 3088  df-rex 3089  df-reu 3090  df-rab 3092  df-v 3412  df-sbc 3677  df-csb 3782  df-dif 3827  df-un 3829  df-in 3831  df-ss 3838  df-nul 4174  df-if 4346  df-pw 4419  df-sn 4437  df-pr 4439  df-op 4443  df-uni 4710  df-iun 4791  df-br 4927  df-opab 4989  df-mpt 5006  df-id 5309  df-xp 5410  df-rel 5411  df-cnv 5412  df-co 5413  df-dm 5414  df-rn 5415  df-res 5416  df-ima 5417  df-iota 6150  df-fun 6188  df-fn 6189  df-f 6190  df-f1 6191  df-fo 6192  df-f1o 6193  df-fv 6194  df-ac 9335

This theorem is referenced by: (None)