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| Description: A remarkable equivalent
to the Axiom of Choice that has only five
       quantifiers (when expanded to use only the primitive predicates =
       and ∈ and in prenex normal form),
discovered and proved by Kurt
       Maes.  This establishes a new record, reducing from 6 to 5 the largest
       number of quantified variables needed by any ZFC axiom.  The
       ZF-equivalence to AC is shown by Theorem dfackm 10208.  Maes found this
       version of AC in April 2004 (replacing a longer version, also with five
       quantifiers, that he found in November 2003).  See Kurt Maes, "A
       5-quantifier (∈ ,  =)-expression
ZF-equivalent to the Axiom of
       Choice", https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.0705.3162 10208. The original FOM posts are: http://www.cs.nyu.edu/pipermail/fom/2003-November/007631.html 10208 http://www.cs.nyu.edu/pipermail/fom/2003-November/007641.html 10208. (Contributed by NM, 29-Apr-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 17-May-2015.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) | 
| Ref | Expression | 
|---|---|
| ackm | ⊢ ∀𝑥∃𝑦∀𝑧∃𝑣∀𝑢((𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ¬ 𝑦 = 𝑣) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑣))) ∨ (¬ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑦) ∧ ((𝑢 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑦) → 𝑢 = 𝑣))))) | 
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression | 
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | axac3 10505 | . 2 ⊢ CHOICE | |
| 2 | dfackm 10208 | . 2 ⊢ (CHOICE ↔ ∀𝑥∃𝑦∀𝑧∃𝑣∀𝑢((𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ¬ 𝑦 = 𝑣) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑣))) ∨ (¬ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑦) ∧ ((𝑢 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑦) → 𝑢 = 𝑣)))))) | |
| 3 | 1, 2 | mpbi 230 | 1 ⊢ ∀𝑥∃𝑦∀𝑧∃𝑣∀𝑢((𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ¬ 𝑦 = 𝑣) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑣))) ∨ (¬ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑦) ∧ ((𝑢 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑦) → 𝑢 = 𝑣))))) | 
| Colors of variables: wff setvar class | 
| Syntax hints: ¬ wn 3 → wi 4 ∧ wa 395 ∨ wo 847 ∀wal 1537 = wceq 1539 ∃wex 1778 ∈ wcel 2107 CHOICEwac 10156 | 
| This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1794 ax-4 1808 ax-5 1909 ax-6 1966 ax-7 2006 ax-8 2109 ax-9 2117 ax-10 2140 ax-11 2156 ax-12 2176 ax-ext 2707 ax-rep 5278 ax-sep 5295 ax-nul 5305 ax-pow 5364 ax-pr 5431 ax-un 7756 ax-ac2 10504 | 
| This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 207 df-an 396 df-or 848 df-3an 1088 df-tru 1542 df-fal 1552 df-ex 1779 df-nf 1783 df-sb 2064 df-mo 2539 df-eu 2568 df-clab 2714 df-cleq 2728 df-clel 2815 df-nfc 2891 df-ne 2940 df-ral 3061 df-rex 3070 df-rab 3436 df-v 3481 df-sbc 3788 df-csb 3899 df-dif 3953 df-un 3955 df-in 3957 df-ss 3967 df-nul 4333 df-if 4525 df-pw 4601 df-sn 4626 df-pr 4628 df-op 4632 df-uni 4907 df-iun 4992 df-br 5143 df-opab 5205 df-mpt 5225 df-id 5577 df-xp 5690 df-rel 5691 df-cnv 5692 df-co 5693 df-dm 5694 df-rn 5695 df-res 5696 df-ima 5697 df-iota 6513 df-fun 6562 df-fn 6563 df-f 6564 df-fv 6568 df-ac 10157 | 
| This theorem is referenced by: (None) | 
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