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Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > ackm | Structured version Visualization version GIF version |
Description: A remarkable equivalent
to the Axiom of Choice that has only five
quantifiers (when expanded to ∈, = primitives in prenex form),
discovered and proved by Kurt Maes. This establishes a new record,
reducing from 6 to 5 the largest number of quantified variables needed
by any ZFC axiom. The ZF-equivalence to AC is shown by theorem
dfackm 9385. Maes found this version of AC in April 2004
(replacing a
longer version, also with five quantifiers, that he found in November
2003). See Kurt Maes, "A 5-quantifier (∈,=)-expression
ZF-equivalent to the Axiom of Choice"
(http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/0705/0705.3162v1.pdf).
The original FOM posts are: http://www.cs.nyu.edu/pipermail/fom/2003-November/007631.html http://www.cs.nyu.edu/pipermail/fom/2003-November/007641.html. (Contributed by NM, 29-Apr-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 17-May-2015.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) |
Ref | Expression |
---|---|
ackm | ⊢ ∀𝑥∃𝑦∀𝑧∃𝑣∀𝑢((𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ¬ 𝑦 = 𝑣) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑣))) ∨ (¬ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑦) ∧ ((𝑢 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑦) → 𝑢 = 𝑣))))) |
Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
---|---|---|---|
1 | axac3 9683 | . 2 ⊢ CHOICE | |
2 | dfackm 9385 | . 2 ⊢ (CHOICE ↔ ∀𝑥∃𝑦∀𝑧∃𝑣∀𝑢((𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ¬ 𝑦 = 𝑣) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑣))) ∨ (¬ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑦) ∧ ((𝑢 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑦) → 𝑢 = 𝑣)))))) | |
3 | 1, 2 | mpbi 222 | 1 ⊢ ∀𝑥∃𝑦∀𝑧∃𝑣∀𝑢((𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ¬ 𝑦 = 𝑣) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑣))) ∨ (¬ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑦) ∧ ((𝑢 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑦) → 𝑢 = 𝑣))))) |
Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
Syntax hints: ¬ wn 3 → wi 4 ∧ wa 387 ∨ wo 834 ∀wal 1506 = wceq 1508 ∃wex 1743 ∈ wcel 2051 CHOICEwac 9334 |
This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1759 ax-4 1773 ax-5 1870 ax-6 1929 ax-7 1966 ax-8 2053 ax-9 2060 ax-10 2080 ax-11 2094 ax-12 2107 ax-13 2302 ax-ext 2745 ax-rep 5046 ax-sep 5057 ax-nul 5064 ax-pow 5116 ax-pr 5183 ax-un 7278 ax-ac2 9682 |
This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 199 df-an 388 df-or 835 df-3an 1071 df-tru 1511 df-ex 1744 df-nf 1748 df-sb 2017 df-mo 2548 df-eu 2585 df-clab 2754 df-cleq 2766 df-clel 2841 df-nfc 2913 df-ne 2963 df-ral 3088 df-rex 3089 df-reu 3090 df-rab 3092 df-v 3412 df-sbc 3677 df-csb 3782 df-dif 3827 df-un 3829 df-in 3831 df-ss 3838 df-nul 4174 df-if 4346 df-pw 4419 df-sn 4437 df-pr 4439 df-op 4443 df-uni 4710 df-iun 4791 df-br 4927 df-opab 4989 df-mpt 5006 df-id 5309 df-xp 5410 df-rel 5411 df-cnv 5412 df-co 5413 df-dm 5414 df-rn 5415 df-res 5416 df-ima 5417 df-iota 6150 df-fun 6188 df-fn 6189 df-f 6190 df-f1 6191 df-fo 6192 df-f1o 6193 df-fv 6194 df-ac 9335 |
This theorem is referenced by: (None) |
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