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Theorem ackm 10402
Description: A remarkable equivalent to the Axiom of Choice that has only five quantifiers (when expanded to use only the primitive predicates = and and in prenex normal form), discovered and proved by Kurt Maes. This establishes a new record, reducing from 6 to 5 the largest number of quantified variables needed by any ZFC axiom. The ZF-equivalence to AC is shown by Theorem dfackm 10103. Maes found this version of AC in April 2004 (replacing a longer version, also with five quantifiers, that he found in November 2003). See Kurt Maes, "A 5-quantifier (∈ , =)-expression ZF-equivalent to the Axiom of Choice", https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.0705.3162 10103.

The original FOM posts are: http://www.cs.nyu.edu/pipermail/fom/2003-November/007631.html 10103 http://www.cs.nyu.edu/pipermail/fom/2003-November/007641.html 10103. (Contributed by NM, 29-Apr-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 17-May-2015.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

Assertion
Ref Expression
ackm 𝑥𝑦𝑧𝑣𝑢((𝑦𝑥 ∧ (𝑧𝑦 → ((𝑣𝑥 ∧ ¬ 𝑦 = 𝑣) ∧ 𝑧𝑣))) ∨ (¬ 𝑦𝑥 ∧ (𝑧𝑥 → ((𝑣𝑧𝑣𝑦) ∧ ((𝑢𝑧𝑢𝑦) → 𝑢 = 𝑣)))))
Distinct variable group:   𝑥,𝑦,𝑧,𝑣,𝑢

Proof of Theorem ackm
StepHypRef Expression
1 axac3 10401 . 2 CHOICE
2 dfackm 10103 . 2 (CHOICE ↔ ∀𝑥𝑦𝑧𝑣𝑢((𝑦𝑥 ∧ (𝑧𝑦 → ((𝑣𝑥 ∧ ¬ 𝑦 = 𝑣) ∧ 𝑧𝑣))) ∨ (¬ 𝑦𝑥 ∧ (𝑧𝑥 → ((𝑣𝑧𝑣𝑦) ∧ ((𝑢𝑧𝑢𝑦) → 𝑢 = 𝑣))))))
31, 2mpbi 229 1 𝑥𝑦𝑧𝑣𝑢((𝑦𝑥 ∧ (𝑧𝑦 → ((𝑣𝑥 ∧ ¬ 𝑦 = 𝑣) ∧ 𝑧𝑣))) ∨ (¬ 𝑦𝑥 ∧ (𝑧𝑥 → ((𝑣𝑧𝑣𝑦) ∧ ((𝑢𝑧𝑢𝑦) → 𝑢 = 𝑣)))))
Colors of variables: wff setvar class
Syntax hints:  ¬ wn 3  wi 4  wa 397  wo 846  wal 1540   = wceq 1542  wex 1782  wcel 2107  CHOICEwac 10052
This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1798  ax-4 1812  ax-5 1914  ax-6 1972  ax-7 2012  ax-8 2109  ax-9 2117  ax-10 2138  ax-11 2155  ax-12 2172  ax-ext 2708  ax-rep 5243  ax-sep 5257  ax-nul 5264  ax-pow 5321  ax-pr 5385  ax-un 7673  ax-ac2 10400
This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 206  df-an 398  df-or 847  df-3an 1090  df-tru 1545  df-fal 1555  df-ex 1783  df-nf 1787  df-sb 2069  df-mo 2539  df-eu 2568  df-clab 2715  df-cleq 2729  df-clel 2815  df-nfc 2890  df-ne 2945  df-ral 3066  df-rex 3075  df-rab 3409  df-v 3448  df-sbc 3741  df-csb 3857  df-dif 3914  df-un 3916  df-in 3918  df-ss 3928  df-nul 4284  df-if 4488  df-pw 4563  df-sn 4588  df-pr 4590  df-op 4594  df-uni 4867  df-iun 4957  df-br 5107  df-opab 5169  df-mpt 5190  df-id 5532  df-xp 5640  df-rel 5641  df-cnv 5642  df-co 5643  df-dm 5644  df-rn 5645  df-res 5646  df-ima 5647  df-iota 6449  df-fun 6499  df-fn 6500  df-f 6501  df-fv 6505  df-ac 10053
This theorem is referenced by: (None)
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