Theorem ackm 10378

Description: A remarkable equivalent to the Axiom of Choice that has only five quantifiers (when expanded to use only the primitive predicates = and ∈ and in prenex normal form), discovered and proved by Kurt Maes. This establishes a new record, reducing from 6 to 5 the largest number of quantified variables needed by any ZFC axiom. The ZF-equivalence to AC is shown by Theorem dfackm 10080. Maes found this version of AC in April 2004 (replacing a longer version, also with five quantifiers, that he found in November 2003). See Kurt Maes, "A 5-quantifier (∈ , =)-expression ZF-equivalent to the Axiom of Choice", https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.0705.3162 10080.

The original FOM posts are: https://fomarchive.ugent.be/2003-November/007631.html 10080 https://fomarchive.ugent.be/2003-November/007641.html 10080. (Contributed by NM, 29-Apr-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 17-May-2015.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

Assertion

Ref	Expression
ackm	⊢ ∀𝑥∃𝑦∀𝑧∃𝑣∀𝑢((𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ¬ 𝑦 = 𝑣) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑣))) ∨ (¬ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑦) ∧ ((𝑢 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑦) → 𝑢 = 𝑣)))))

Distinct variable group:   𝑥,𝑦,𝑧,𝑣,𝑢

Proof of Theorem ackm

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		axac3 10377	. 2 ⊢ CHOICE
2		dfackm 10080	. 2 ⊢ (CHOICE ↔ ∀𝑥∃𝑦∀𝑧∃𝑣∀𝑢((𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ¬ 𝑦 = 𝑣) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑣))) ∨ (¬ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑦) ∧ ((𝑢 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑦) → 𝑢 = 𝑣))))))
3	1, 2	mpbi 231	1 ⊢ ∀𝑥∃𝑦∀𝑧∃𝑣∀𝑢((𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ¬ 𝑦 = 𝑣) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑣))) ∨ (¬ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑦) ∧ ((𝑢 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑦) → 𝑢 = 𝑣)))))

Syntax hints:  ¬ wn 3   → wi 4   ∧ wa 396   ∨ wo 853  ∀wal 1545   = wceq 1547  ∃wex 1786   ∈ wcel 2119  CHOICEwac 10028

This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1802  ax-4 1816  ax-5 1917  ax-6 1974  ax-7 2015  ax-8 2121  ax-9 2129  ax-10 2152  ax-11 2168  ax-12 2189  ax-ext 2711  ax-rep 5199  ax-sep 5218  ax-nul 5228  ax-pow 5294  ax-pr 5362  ax-un 7678  ax-ac2 10376

This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 208  df-an 397  df-or 854  df-3an 1094  df-tru 1550  df-fal 1560  df-ex 1787  df-nf 1791  df-sb 2074  df-mo 2543  df-eu 2573  df-clab 2718  df-cleq 2731  df-clel 2814  df-nfc 2888  df-ne 2935  df-ral 3054  df-rex 3064  df-rab 3392  df-v 3433  df-sbc 3724  df-csb 3832  df-dif 3886  df-un 3888  df-in 3890  df-ss 3900  df-nul 4262  df-if 4455  df-pw 4531  df-sn 4556  df-pr 4558  df-op 4562  df-uni 4839  df-iun 4923  df-br 5073  df-opab 5135  df-mpt 5154  df-id 5513  df-xp 5624  df-rel 5625  df-cnv 5626  df-co 5627  df-dm 5628  df-rn 5629  df-res 5630  df-ima 5631  df-iota 6441  df-fun 6487  df-fn 6488  df-f 6489  df-fv 6493  df-ac 10029

This theorem is referenced by: (None)