Theorem ackm 10416

Description: A remarkable equivalent to the Axiom of Choice that has only five quantifiers (when expanded to use only the primitive predicates = and ∈ and in prenex normal form), discovered and proved by Kurt Maes. This establishes a new record, reducing from 6 to 5 the largest number of quantified variables needed by any ZFC axiom. The ZF-equivalence to AC is shown by Theorem dfackm 10117. Maes found this version of AC in April 2004 (replacing a longer version, also with five quantifiers, that he found in November 2003). See Kurt Maes, "A 5-quantifier (∈ , =)-expression ZF-equivalent to the Axiom of Choice", https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.0705.3162 10117.

The original FOM posts are: https://fomarchive.ugent.be/2003-November/007631.html 10117 https://fomarchive.ugent.be/2003-November/007641.html 10117. (Contributed by NM, 29-Apr-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 17-May-2015.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

Assertion

Ref	Expression
ackm	⊢ ∀𝑥∃𝑦∀𝑧∃𝑣∀𝑢((𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ¬ 𝑦 = 𝑣) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑣))) ∨ (¬ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑦) ∧ ((𝑢 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑦) → 𝑢 = 𝑣)))))

Distinct variable group:   𝑥,𝑦,𝑧,𝑣,𝑢

Proof of Theorem ackm

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		axac3 10415	. 2 ⊢ CHOICE
2		dfackm 10117	. 2 ⊢ (CHOICE ↔ ∀𝑥∃𝑦∀𝑧∃𝑣∀𝑢((𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ¬ 𝑦 = 𝑣) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑣))) ∨ (¬ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑦) ∧ ((𝑢 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑦) → 𝑢 = 𝑣))))))
3	1, 2	mpbi 232	1 ⊢ ∀𝑥∃𝑦∀𝑧∃𝑣∀𝑢((𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ¬ 𝑦 = 𝑣) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑣))) ∨ (¬ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑦) ∧ ((𝑢 ∈ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑦) → 𝑢 = 𝑣)))))

Syntax hints:  ¬ wn 3   → wi 4   ∧ wa 399   ∨ wo 858  ∀wal 1557   = wceq 1559  ∃wex 1798   ∈ wcel 2141  CHOICEwac 10065

This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1814  ax-4 1828  ax-5 1929  ax-6 1986  ax-7 2027  ax-8 2143  ax-9 2151  ax-10 2174  ax-11 2190  ax-12 2211  ax-ext 2733  ax-rep 5224  ax-sep 5243  ax-nul 5253  ax-pow 5319  ax-pr 5387  ax-un 7713  ax-ac2 10414

This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 209  df-an 400  df-or 859  df-3an 1099  df-tru 1562  df-fal 1572  df-ex 1799  df-nf 1803  df-sb 2090  df-mo 2565  df-eu 2595  df-clab 2740  df-cleq 2753  df-clel 2836  df-nfc 2910  df-ne 2957  df-ral 3076  df-rex 3086  df-rab 3414  df-v 3455  df-sbc 3743  df-csb 3851  df-dif 3905  df-un 3907  df-in 3909  df-ss 3919  df-nul 4284  df-if 4478  df-pw 4554  df-sn 4580  df-pr 4582  df-op 4586  df-uni 4863  df-iun 4948  df-br 5098  df-opab 5160  df-mpt 5179  df-id 5538  df-xp 5649  df-rel 5650  df-cnv 5651  df-co 5652  df-dm 5653  df-rn 5654  df-res 5655  df-ima 5656  df-iota 6472  df-fun 6518  df-fn 6519  df-f 6520  df-fv 6524  df-ac 10066

This theorem is referenced by: (None)