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Theorem inf3 9672
Description: Our Axiom of Infinity ax-inf 9675 implies the standard Axiom of Infinity. The hypothesis is a variant of our Axiom of Infinity provided by inf2 9660, and the conclusion is the version of the Axiom of Infinity shown as Axiom 7 in [TakeutiZaring] p. 43. (Other standard versions are proved later as axinf2 9677 and zfinf2 9679.) The main proof is provided by inf3lema 9661 through inf3lem7 9671, and this final piece eliminates the auxiliary hypothesis of inf3lem7 9671. This proof is due to Ian Sutherland, Richard Heck, and Norman Megill and was posted on Usenet as shown below. Although the result is not new, the authors were unable to find a published proof.
       (As posted to sci.logic on 30-Oct-1996, with annotations added.)

       Theorem:  The statement "There exists a nonempty set that is a subset
       of its union" implies the Axiom of Infinity.

       Proof:  Let X be a nonempty set which is a subset of its union; the
       latter
       property is equivalent to saying that for any y in X, there exists a z
       in X
       such that y is in z.

       Define by finite recursion a function F:omega-->(power X) such that
       F_0 = 0  (See inf3lemb 9662.)
       F_n+1 = {y<X | y^X subset F_n}  (See inf3lemc 9663.)
       Note: ^ means intersect, < means \in ("element of").
       (Finite recursion as typically done requires the existence of omega;
       to avoid this we can just use transfinite recursion restricted to omega.
       F is a class-term that is not necessarily a set at this point.)

       Lemma 1.  F_n subset F_n+1.  (See inf3lem1 9665.)
       Proof:  By induction:  F_0 subset F_1.  If y < F_n+1, then y^X subset
       F_n,
       so if F_n subset F_n+1, then y^X subset F_n+1, so y < F_n+2.

       Lemma 2.  F_n =/= X.  (See inf3lem2 9666.)
       Proof:  By induction:  F_0 =/= X because X is not empty.  Assume F_n =/=
       X.
       Then there is a y in X that is not in F_n.  By definition of X, there is
       a
       z in X that contains y.  Suppose F_n+1 = X.  Then z is in F_n+1, and z^X
       contains y, so z^X is not a subset of F_n, contrary to the definition of
       F_n+1.

       Lemma 3.  F_n =/= F_n+1.  (See inf3lem3 9667.)
       Proof:  Using the identity y^X subset F_n <-> y^(X-F_n) = 0, we have
       F_n+1 = {y<X | y^(X-F_n) = 0}.  Let q = {y<X-F_n | y^(X-F_n) = 0}.
       Then q subset F_n+1.  Since X-F_n is not empty by Lemma 2 and q is the
       set of \in-minimal elements of X-F_n, by Foundation q is not empty, so q
       and therefore F_n+1 have an element not in F_n.

       Lemma 4.  F_n proper_subset F_n+1.  (See inf3lem4 9668.)
       Proof:  Lemmas 1 and 3.

       Lemma 5.  F_m proper_subset F_n, m < n.  (See inf3lem5 9669.)
       Proof:  Fix m and use induction on n > m.  Basis: F_m proper_subset
       F_m+1
       by Lemma 4.  Induction:  Assume F_m proper_subset F_n.  Then since F_n
       proper_subset F_n+1, F_m proper_subset F_n+1 by transitivity of proper
       subset.

       By Lemma 5, F_m =/= F_n for m =/= n, so F is 1-1.  (See inf3lem6 9670.)
       Thus, the inverse of F is a function with range omega and domain a
       subset
       of power X, so omega exists by Replacement.  (See inf3lem7 9671.)
       Q.E.D.
       
(Contributed by NM, 29-Oct-1996.)
Hypothesis
Ref Expression
inf3.1 𝑥(𝑥 ≠ ∅ ∧ 𝑥 𝑥)
Assertion
Ref Expression
inf3 ω ∈ V

Proof of Theorem inf3
Dummy variables 𝑦 𝑤 are mutually distinct and distinct from all other variables.
StepHypRef Expression
1 eqid 2734 . . 3 (𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦}) = (𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦})
2 eqid 2734 . . 3 (rec((𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦}), ∅) ↾ ω) = (rec((𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦}), ∅) ↾ ω)
3 vex 3481 . . 3 𝑥 ∈ V
41, 2, 3, 3inf3lem7 9671 . 2 ((𝑥 ≠ ∅ ∧ 𝑥 𝑥) → ω ∈ V)
5 inf3.1 . 2 𝑥(𝑥 ≠ ∅ ∧ 𝑥 𝑥)
64, 5exlimiiv 1928 1 ω ∈ V
Colors of variables: wff setvar class
Syntax hints:  wa 395  wex 1775  wcel 2105  wne 2937  {crab 3432  Vcvv 3477  cin 3961  wss 3962  c0 4338   cuni 4911  cmpt 5230  cres 5690  ωcom 7886  reccrdg 8447
This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1791  ax-4 1805  ax-5 1907  ax-6 1964  ax-7 2004  ax-8 2107  ax-9 2115  ax-10 2138  ax-11 2154  ax-12 2174  ax-ext 2705  ax-rep 5284  ax-sep 5301  ax-nul 5311  ax-pow 5370  ax-pr 5437  ax-un 7753  ax-reg 9629
This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 207  df-an 396  df-or 848  df-3or 1087  df-3an 1088  df-tru 1539  df-fal 1549  df-ex 1776  df-nf 1780  df-sb 2062  df-mo 2537  df-eu 2566  df-clab 2712  df-cleq 2726  df-clel 2813  df-nfc 2889  df-ne 2938  df-ral 3059  df-rex 3068  df-reu 3378  df-rab 3433  df-v 3479  df-sbc 3791  df-csb 3908  df-dif 3965  df-un 3967  df-in 3969  df-ss 3979  df-pss 3982  df-nul 4339  df-if 4531  df-pw 4606  df-sn 4631  df-pr 4633  df-op 4637  df-uni 4912  df-iun 4997  df-br 5148  df-opab 5210  df-mpt 5231  df-tr 5265  df-id 5582  df-eprel 5588  df-po 5596  df-so 5597  df-fr 5640  df-we 5642  df-xp 5694  df-rel 5695  df-cnv 5696  df-co 5697  df-dm 5698  df-rn 5699  df-res 5700  df-ima 5701  df-pred 6322  df-ord 6388  df-on 6389  df-lim 6390  df-suc 6391  df-iota 6515  df-fun 6564  df-fn 6565  df-f 6566  df-f1 6567  df-fo 6568  df-f1o 6569  df-fv 6570  df-ov 7433  df-om 7887  df-2nd 8013  df-frecs 8304  df-wrecs 8335  df-recs 8409  df-rdg 8448
This theorem is referenced by:  axinf2  9677
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