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Theorem inf3 9579
Description: Our Axiom of Infinity ax-inf 9582 implies the standard Axiom of Infinity. The hypothesis is a variant of our Axiom of Infinity provided by inf2 9567, and the conclusion is the version of the Axiom of Infinity shown as Axiom 7 in [TakeutiZaring] p. 43. (Other standard versions are proved later as axinf2 9584 and zfinf2 9586.) The main proof is provided by inf3lema 9568 through inf3lem7 9578, and this final piece eliminates the auxiliary hypothesis of inf3lem7 9578. This proof is due to Ian Sutherland, Richard Heck, and Norman Megill and was posted on Usenet as shown below. Although the result is not new, the authors were unable to find a published proof.
       (As posted to sci.logic on 30-Oct-1996, with annotations added.)

       Theorem:  The statement "There exists a nonempty set that is a subset
       of its union" implies the Axiom of Infinity.

       Proof:  Let X be a nonempty set which is a subset of its union; the
       latter
       property is equivalent to saying that for any y in X, there exists a z
       in X
       such that y is in z.

       Define by finite recursion a function F:omega-->(power X) such that
       F_0 = 0  (See inf3lemb 9569.)
       F_n+1 = {y<X | y^X subset F_n}  (See inf3lemc 9570.)
       Note: ^ means intersect, < means \in ("element of").
       (Finite recursion as typically done requires the existence of omega;
       to avoid this we can just use transfinite recursion restricted to omega.
       F is a class-term that is not necessarily a set at this point.)

       Lemma 1.  F_n subset F_n+1.  (See inf3lem1 9572.)
       Proof:  By induction:  F_0 subset F_1.  If y < F_n+1, then y^X subset
       F_n,
       so if F_n subset F_n+1, then y^X subset F_n+1, so y < F_n+2.

       Lemma 2.  F_n =/= X.  (See inf3lem2 9573.)
       Proof:  By induction:  F_0 =/= X because X is not empty.  Assume F_n =/=
       X.
       Then there is a y in X that is not in F_n.  By definition of X, there is
       a
       z in X that contains y.  Suppose F_n+1 = X.  Then z is in F_n+1, and z^X
       contains y, so z^X is not a subset of F_n, contrary to the definition of
       F_n+1.

       Lemma 3.  F_n =/= F_n+1.  (See inf3lem3 9574.)
       Proof:  Using the identity y^X subset F_n <-> y^(X-F_n) = 0, we have
       F_n+1 = {y<X | y^(X-F_n) = 0}.  Let q = {y<X-F_n | y^(X-F_n) = 0}.
       Then q subset F_n+1.  Since X-F_n is not empty by Lemma 2 and q is the
       set of \in-minimal elements of X-F_n, by Foundation q is not empty, so q
       and therefore F_n+1 have an element not in F_n.

       Lemma 4.  F_n proper_subset F_n+1.  (See inf3lem4 9575.)
       Proof:  Lemmas 1 and 3.

       Lemma 5.  F_m proper_subset F_n, m < n.  (See inf3lem5 9576.)
       Proof:  Fix m and use induction on n > m.  Basis: F_m proper_subset
       F_m+1
       by Lemma 4.  Induction:  Assume F_m proper_subset F_n.  Then since F_n
       proper_subset F_n+1, F_m proper_subset F_n+1 by transitivity of proper
       subset.

       By Lemma 5, F_m =/= F_n for m =/= n, so F is 1-1.  (See inf3lem6 9577.)
       Thus, the inverse of F is a function with range omega and domain a
       subset
       of power X, so omega exists by Replacement.  (See inf3lem7 9578.)
       Q.E.D.
       
(Contributed by NM, 29-Oct-1996.)
Hypothesis
Ref Expression
inf3.1 𝑥(𝑥 ≠ ∅ ∧ 𝑥 𝑥)
Assertion
Ref Expression
inf3 ω ∈ V

Proof of Theorem inf3
Dummy variables 𝑦 𝑤 are mutually distinct and distinct from all other variables.
StepHypRef Expression
1 eqid 2733 . . 3 (𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦}) = (𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦})
2 eqid 2733 . . 3 (rec((𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦}), ∅) ↾ ω) = (rec((𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦}), ∅) ↾ ω)
3 vex 3451 . . 3 𝑥 ∈ V
41, 2, 3, 3inf3lem7 9578 . 2 ((𝑥 ≠ ∅ ∧ 𝑥 𝑥) → ω ∈ V)
5 inf3.1 . 2 𝑥(𝑥 ≠ ∅ ∧ 𝑥 𝑥)
64, 5exlimiiv 1935 1 ω ∈ V
Colors of variables: wff setvar class
Syntax hints:  wa 397  wex 1782  wcel 2107  wne 2940  {crab 3406  Vcvv 3447  cin 3913  wss 3914  c0 4286   cuni 4869  cmpt 5192  cres 5639  ωcom 7806  reccrdg 8359
This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1798  ax-4 1812  ax-5 1914  ax-6 1972  ax-7 2012  ax-8 2109  ax-9 2117  ax-10 2138  ax-11 2155  ax-12 2172  ax-ext 2704  ax-rep 5246  ax-sep 5260  ax-nul 5267  ax-pow 5324  ax-pr 5388  ax-un 7676  ax-reg 9536
This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 206  df-an 398  df-or 847  df-3or 1089  df-3an 1090  df-tru 1545  df-fal 1555  df-ex 1783  df-nf 1787  df-sb 2069  df-mo 2535  df-eu 2564  df-clab 2711  df-cleq 2725  df-clel 2811  df-nfc 2886  df-ne 2941  df-ral 3062  df-rex 3071  df-reu 3353  df-rab 3407  df-v 3449  df-sbc 3744  df-csb 3860  df-dif 3917  df-un 3919  df-in 3921  df-ss 3931  df-pss 3933  df-nul 4287  df-if 4491  df-pw 4566  df-sn 4591  df-pr 4593  df-op 4597  df-uni 4870  df-iun 4960  df-br 5110  df-opab 5172  df-mpt 5193  df-tr 5227  df-id 5535  df-eprel 5541  df-po 5549  df-so 5550  df-fr 5592  df-we 5594  df-xp 5643  df-rel 5644  df-cnv 5645  df-co 5646  df-dm 5647  df-rn 5648  df-res 5649  df-ima 5650  df-pred 6257  df-ord 6324  df-on 6325  df-lim 6326  df-suc 6327  df-iota 6452  df-fun 6502  df-fn 6503  df-f 6504  df-f1 6505  df-fo 6506  df-f1o 6507  df-fv 6508  df-ov 7364  df-om 7807  df-2nd 7926  df-frecs 8216  df-wrecs 8247  df-recs 8321  df-rdg 8360
This theorem is referenced by:  axinf2  9584
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