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Theorem inf3 9629
Description: Our Axiom of Infinity ax-inf 9632 implies the standard Axiom of Infinity. The hypothesis is a variant of our Axiom of Infinity provided by inf2 9617, and the conclusion is the version of the Axiom of Infinity shown as Axiom 7 in [TakeutiZaring] p. 43. (Other standard versions are proved later as axinf2 9634 and zfinf2 9636.) The main proof is provided by inf3lema 9618 through inf3lem7 9628, and this final piece eliminates the auxiliary hypothesis of inf3lem7 9628. This proof is due to Ian Sutherland, Richard Heck, and Norman Megill and was posted on Usenet as shown below. Although the result is not new, the authors were unable to find a published proof.
       (As posted to sci.logic on 30-Oct-1996, with annotations added.)

       Theorem:  The statement "There exists a nonempty set that is a subset
       of its union" implies the Axiom of Infinity.

       Proof:  Let X be a nonempty set which is a subset of its union; the
       latter
       property is equivalent to saying that for any y in X, there exists a z
       in X
       such that y is in z.

       Define by finite recursion a function F:omega-->(power X) such that
       F_0 = 0  (See inf3lemb 9619.)
       F_n+1 = {y<X | y^X subset F_n}  (See inf3lemc 9620.)
       Note: ^ means intersect, < means \in ("element of").
       (Finite recursion as typically done requires the existence of omega;
       to avoid this we can just use transfinite recursion restricted to omega.
       F is a class-term that is not necessarily a set at this point.)

       Lemma 1.  F_n subset F_n+1.  (See inf3lem1 9622.)
       Proof:  By induction:  F_0 subset F_1.  If y < F_n+1, then y^X subset
       F_n,
       so if F_n subset F_n+1, then y^X subset F_n+1, so y < F_n+2.

       Lemma 2.  F_n =/= X.  (See inf3lem2 9623.)
       Proof:  By induction:  F_0 =/= X because X is not empty.  Assume F_n =/=
       X.
       Then there is a y in X that is not in F_n.  By definition of X, there is
       a
       z in X that contains y.  Suppose F_n+1 = X.  Then z is in F_n+1, and z^X
       contains y, so z^X is not a subset of F_n, contrary to the definition of
       F_n+1.

       Lemma 3.  F_n =/= F_n+1.  (See inf3lem3 9624.)
       Proof:  Using the identity y^X subset F_n <-> y^(X-F_n) = 0, we have
       F_n+1 = {y<X | y^(X-F_n) = 0}.  Let q = {y<X-F_n | y^(X-F_n) = 0}.
       Then q subset F_n+1.  Since X-F_n is not empty by Lemma 2 and q is the
       set of \in-minimal elements of X-F_n, by Foundation q is not empty, so q
       and therefore F_n+1 have an element not in F_n.

       Lemma 4.  F_n proper_subset F_n+1.  (See inf3lem4 9625.)
       Proof:  Lemmas 1 and 3.

       Lemma 5.  F_m proper_subset F_n, m < n.  (See inf3lem5 9626.)
       Proof:  Fix m and use induction on n > m.  Basis: F_m proper_subset
       F_m+1
       by Lemma 4.  Induction:  Assume F_m proper_subset F_n.  Then since F_n
       proper_subset F_n+1, F_m proper_subset F_n+1 by transitivity of proper
       subset.

       By Lemma 5, F_m =/= F_n for m =/= n, so F is 1-1.  (See inf3lem6 9627.)
       Thus, the inverse of F is a function with range omega and domain a
       subset
       of power X, so omega exists by Replacement.  (See inf3lem7 9628.)
       Q.E.D.
       
(Contributed by NM, 29-Oct-1996.)
Hypothesis
Ref Expression
inf3.1 𝑥(𝑥 ≠ ∅ ∧ 𝑥 𝑥)
Assertion
Ref Expression
inf3 ω ∈ V

Proof of Theorem inf3
Dummy variables 𝑦 𝑤 are mutually distinct and distinct from all other variables.
StepHypRef Expression
1 eqid 2732 . . 3 (𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦}) = (𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦})
2 eqid 2732 . . 3 (rec((𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦}), ∅) ↾ ω) = (rec((𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦}), ∅) ↾ ω)
3 vex 3478 . . 3 𝑥 ∈ V
41, 2, 3, 3inf3lem7 9628 . 2 ((𝑥 ≠ ∅ ∧ 𝑥 𝑥) → ω ∈ V)
5 inf3.1 . 2 𝑥(𝑥 ≠ ∅ ∧ 𝑥 𝑥)
64, 5exlimiiv 1934 1 ω ∈ V
Colors of variables: wff setvar class
Syntax hints:  wa 396  wex 1781  wcel 2106  wne 2940  {crab 3432  Vcvv 3474  cin 3947  wss 3948  c0 4322   cuni 4908  cmpt 5231  cres 5678  ωcom 7854  reccrdg 8408
This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1797  ax-4 1811  ax-5 1913  ax-6 1971  ax-7 2011  ax-8 2108  ax-9 2116  ax-10 2137  ax-11 2154  ax-12 2171  ax-ext 2703  ax-rep 5285  ax-sep 5299  ax-nul 5306  ax-pow 5363  ax-pr 5427  ax-un 7724  ax-reg 9586
This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 206  df-an 397  df-or 846  df-3or 1088  df-3an 1089  df-tru 1544  df-fal 1554  df-ex 1782  df-nf 1786  df-sb 2068  df-mo 2534  df-eu 2563  df-clab 2710  df-cleq 2724  df-clel 2810  df-nfc 2885  df-ne 2941  df-ral 3062  df-rex 3071  df-reu 3377  df-rab 3433  df-v 3476  df-sbc 3778  df-csb 3894  df-dif 3951  df-un 3953  df-in 3955  df-ss 3965  df-pss 3967  df-nul 4323  df-if 4529  df-pw 4604  df-sn 4629  df-pr 4631  df-op 4635  df-uni 4909  df-iun 4999  df-br 5149  df-opab 5211  df-mpt 5232  df-tr 5266  df-id 5574  df-eprel 5580  df-po 5588  df-so 5589  df-fr 5631  df-we 5633  df-xp 5682  df-rel 5683  df-cnv 5684  df-co 5685  df-dm 5686  df-rn 5687  df-res 5688  df-ima 5689  df-pred 6300  df-ord 6367  df-on 6368  df-lim 6369  df-suc 6370  df-iota 6495  df-fun 6545  df-fn 6546  df-f 6547  df-f1 6548  df-fo 6549  df-f1o 6550  df-fv 6551  df-ov 7411  df-om 7855  df-2nd 7975  df-frecs 8265  df-wrecs 8296  df-recs 8370  df-rdg 8409
This theorem is referenced by:  axinf2  9634
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