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Theorem eulerth 12371
Description: Euler's theorem, a generalization of Fermat's little theorem. If  A and  N are coprime, then  A ^ phi ( N )  ==  1 (mod  N). This is Metamath 100 proof #10. Also called Euler-Fermat theorem, see theorem 5.17 in [ApostolNT] p. 113. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-Feb-2014.)
Assertion
Ref Expression
eulerth  |-  ( ( N  e.  NN  /\  A  e.  ZZ  /\  ( A  gcd  N )  =  1 )  ->  (
( A ^ ( phi `  N ) )  mod  N )  =  ( 1  mod  N
) )

Proof of Theorem eulerth
Dummy variables  f  y  k are mutually distinct and distinct from all other variables.
StepHypRef Expression
1 phicl 12353 . . . . . . . 8  |-  ( N  e.  NN  ->  ( phi `  N )  e.  NN )
21nnnn0d 9293 . . . . . . 7  |-  ( N  e.  NN  ->  ( phi `  N )  e. 
NN0 )
3 hashfz1 10854 . . . . . . 7  |-  ( ( phi `  N )  e.  NN0  ->  ( `  (
1 ... ( phi `  N ) ) )  =  ( phi `  N ) )
42, 3syl 14 . . . . . 6  |-  ( N  e.  NN  ->  ( `  ( 1 ... ( phi `  N ) ) )  =  ( phi `  N ) )
5 dfphi2 12358 . . . . . 6  |-  ( N  e.  NN  ->  ( phi `  N )  =  ( `  { k  e.  ( 0..^ N )  |  ( k  gcd 
N )  =  1 } ) )
64, 5eqtrd 2226 . . . . 5  |-  ( N  e.  NN  ->  ( `  ( 1 ... ( phi `  N ) ) )  =  ( `  {
k  e.  ( 0..^ N )  |  ( k  gcd  N )  =  1 } ) )
763ad2ant1 1020 . . . 4  |-  ( ( N  e.  NN  /\  A  e.  ZZ  /\  ( A  gcd  N )  =  1 )  ->  ( `  ( 1 ... ( phi `  N ) ) )  =  ( `  {
k  e.  ( 0..^ N )  |  ( k  gcd  N )  =  1 } ) )
8 1zzd 9344 . . . . . 6  |-  ( ( N  e.  NN  /\  A  e.  ZZ  /\  ( A  gcd  N )  =  1 )  ->  1  e.  ZZ )
913ad2ant1 1020 . . . . . . 7  |-  ( ( N  e.  NN  /\  A  e.  ZZ  /\  ( A  gcd  N )  =  1 )  ->  ( phi `  N )  e.  NN )
109nnzd 9438 . . . . . 6  |-  ( ( N  e.  NN  /\  A  e.  ZZ  /\  ( A  gcd  N )  =  1 )  ->  ( phi `  N )  e.  ZZ )
118, 10fzfigd 10502 . . . . 5  |-  ( ( N  e.  NN  /\  A  e.  ZZ  /\  ( A  gcd  N )  =  1 )  ->  (
1 ... ( phi `  N ) )  e. 
Fin )
12 id 19 . . . . . 6  |-  ( ( N  e.  NN  /\  A  e.  ZZ  /\  ( A  gcd  N )  =  1 )  ->  ( N  e.  NN  /\  A  e.  ZZ  /\  ( A  gcd  N )  =  1 ) )
13 oveq1 5925 . . . . . . . 8  |-  ( k  =  y  ->  (
k  gcd  N )  =  ( y  gcd 
N ) )
1413eqeq1d 2202 . . . . . . 7  |-  ( k  =  y  ->  (
( k  gcd  N
)  =  1  <->  (
y  gcd  N )  =  1 ) )
1514cbvrabv 2759 . . . . . 6  |-  { k  e.  ( 0..^ N )  |  ( k  gcd  N )  =  1 }  =  {
y  e.  ( 0..^ N )  |  ( y  gcd  N )  =  1 }
1612, 15eulerthlemfi 12366 . . . . 5  |-  ( ( N  e.  NN  /\  A  e.  ZZ  /\  ( A  gcd  N )  =  1 )  ->  { k  e.  ( 0..^ N )  |  ( k  gcd  N )  =  1 }  e.  Fin )
17 hashen 10855 . . . . 5  |-  ( ( ( 1 ... ( phi `  N ) )  e.  Fin  /\  {
k  e.  ( 0..^ N )  |  ( k  gcd  N )  =  1 }  e.  Fin )  ->  ( ( `  ( 1 ... ( phi `  N ) ) )  =  ( `  {
k  e.  ( 0..^ N )  |  ( k  gcd  N )  =  1 } )  <-> 
( 1 ... ( phi `  N ) ) 
~~  { k  e.  ( 0..^ N )  |  ( k  gcd 
N )  =  1 } ) )
1811, 16, 17syl2anc 411 . . . 4  |-  ( ( N  e.  NN  /\  A  e.  ZZ  /\  ( A  gcd  N )  =  1 )  ->  (
( `  ( 1 ... ( phi `  N
) ) )  =  ( `  { k  e.  ( 0..^ N )  |  ( k  gcd 
N )  =  1 } )  <->  ( 1 ... ( phi `  N ) )  ~~  { k  e.  ( 0..^ N )  |  ( k  gcd  N )  =  1 } ) )
197, 18mpbid 147 . . 3  |-  ( ( N  e.  NN  /\  A  e.  ZZ  /\  ( A  gcd  N )  =  1 )  ->  (
1 ... ( phi `  N ) )  ~~  { k  e.  ( 0..^ N )  |  ( k  gcd  N )  =  1 } )
20 bren 6801 . . 3  |-  ( ( 1 ... ( phi `  N ) )  ~~  { k  e.  ( 0..^ N )  |  ( k  gcd  N )  =  1 }  <->  E. f 
f : ( 1 ... ( phi `  N ) ) -1-1-onto-> { k  e.  ( 0..^ N )  |  ( k  gcd  N )  =  1 } )
2119, 20sylib 122 . 2  |-  ( ( N  e.  NN  /\  A  e.  ZZ  /\  ( A  gcd  N )  =  1 )  ->  E. f 
f : ( 1 ... ( phi `  N ) ) -1-1-onto-> { k  e.  ( 0..^ N )  |  ( k  gcd  N )  =  1 } )
22 simpl 109 . . 3  |-  ( ( ( N  e.  NN  /\  A  e.  ZZ  /\  ( A  gcd  N )  =  1 )  /\  f : ( 1 ... ( phi `  N
) ) -1-1-onto-> { k  e.  ( 0..^ N )  |  ( k  gcd  N
)  =  1 } )  ->  ( N  e.  NN  /\  A  e.  ZZ  /\  ( A  gcd  N )  =  1 ) )
23 simpr 110 . . 3  |-  ( ( ( N  e.  NN  /\  A  e.  ZZ  /\  ( A  gcd  N )  =  1 )  /\  f : ( 1 ... ( phi `  N
) ) -1-1-onto-> { k  e.  ( 0..^ N )  |  ( k  gcd  N
)  =  1 } )  ->  f :
( 1 ... ( phi `  N ) ) -1-1-onto-> { k  e.  ( 0..^ N )  |  ( k  gcd  N )  =  1 } )
2422, 15, 23eulerthlemth 12370 . 2  |-  ( ( ( N  e.  NN  /\  A  e.  ZZ  /\  ( A  gcd  N )  =  1 )  /\  f : ( 1 ... ( phi `  N
) ) -1-1-onto-> { k  e.  ( 0..^ N )  |  ( k  gcd  N
)  =  1 } )  ->  ( ( A ^ ( phi `  N ) )  mod 
N )  =  ( 1  mod  N ) )
2521, 24exlimddv 1910 1  |-  ( ( N  e.  NN  /\  A  e.  ZZ  /\  ( A  gcd  N )  =  1 )  ->  (
( A ^ ( phi `  N ) )  mod  N )  =  ( 1  mod  N
) )
Colors of variables: wff set class
Syntax hints:    -> wi 4    /\ wa 104    <-> wb 105    /\ w3a 980    = wceq 1364   E.wex 1503    e. wcel 2164   {crab 2476   class class class wbr 4029   -1-1-onto->wf1o 5253   ` cfv 5254  (class class class)co 5918    ~~ cen 6792   Fincfn 6794   0cc0 7872   1c1 7873   NNcn 8982   NN0cn0 9240   ZZcz 9317   ...cfz 10074  ..^cfzo 10208    mod cmo 10393   ^cexp 10609  ♯chash 10846    gcd cgcd 12079   phicphi 12347
This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-ia1 106  ax-ia2 107  ax-ia3 108  ax-in1 615  ax-in2 616  ax-io 710  ax-5 1458  ax-7 1459  ax-gen 1460  ax-ie1 1504  ax-ie2 1505  ax-8 1515  ax-10 1516  ax-11 1517  ax-i12 1518  ax-bndl 1520  ax-4 1521  ax-17 1537  ax-i9 1541  ax-ial 1545  ax-i5r 1546  ax-13 2166  ax-14 2167  ax-ext 2175  ax-coll 4144  ax-sep 4147  ax-nul 4155  ax-pow 4203  ax-pr 4238  ax-un 4464  ax-setind 4569  ax-iinf 4620  ax-cnex 7963  ax-resscn 7964  ax-1cn 7965  ax-1re 7966  ax-icn 7967  ax-addcl 7968  ax-addrcl 7969  ax-mulcl 7970  ax-mulrcl 7971  ax-addcom 7972  ax-mulcom 7973  ax-addass 7974  ax-mulass 7975  ax-distr 7976  ax-i2m1 7977  ax-0lt1 7978  ax-1rid 7979  ax-0id 7980  ax-rnegex 7981  ax-precex 7982  ax-cnre 7983  ax-pre-ltirr 7984  ax-pre-ltwlin 7985  ax-pre-lttrn 7986  ax-pre-apti 7987  ax-pre-ltadd 7988  ax-pre-mulgt0 7989  ax-pre-mulext 7990  ax-arch 7991  ax-caucvg 7992
This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 117  df-stab 832  df-dc 836  df-3or 981  df-3an 982  df-tru 1367  df-fal 1370  df-nf 1472  df-sb 1774  df-eu 2045  df-mo 2046  df-clab 2180  df-cleq 2186  df-clel 2189  df-nfc 2325  df-ne 2365  df-nel 2460  df-ral 2477  df-rex 2478  df-reu 2479  df-rmo 2480  df-rab 2481  df-v 2762  df-sbc 2986  df-csb 3081  df-dif 3155  df-un 3157  df-in 3159  df-ss 3166  df-nul 3447  df-if 3558  df-pw 3603  df-sn 3624  df-pr 3625  df-op 3627  df-uni 3836  df-int 3871  df-iun 3914  df-br 4030  df-opab 4091  df-mpt 4092  df-tr 4128  df-id 4324  df-po 4327  df-iso 4328  df-iord 4397  df-on 4399  df-ilim 4400  df-suc 4402  df-iom 4623  df-xp 4665  df-rel 4666  df-cnv 4667  df-co 4668  df-dm 4669  df-rn 4670  df-res 4671  df-ima 4672  df-iota 5215  df-fun 5256  df-fn 5257  df-f 5258  df-f1 5259  df-fo 5260  df-f1o 5261  df-fv 5262  df-isom 5263  df-riota 5873  df-ov 5921  df-oprab 5922  df-mpo 5923  df-1st 6193  df-2nd 6194  df-recs 6358  df-irdg 6423  df-frec 6444  df-1o 6469  df-oadd 6473  df-er 6587  df-en 6795  df-dom 6796  df-fin 6797  df-sup 7043  df-pnf 8056  df-mnf 8057  df-xr 8058  df-ltxr 8059  df-le 8060  df-sub 8192  df-neg 8193  df-reap 8594  df-ap 8601  df-div 8692  df-inn 8983  df-2 9041  df-3 9042  df-4 9043  df-n0 9241  df-z 9318  df-uz 9593  df-q 9685  df-rp 9720  df-fz 10075  df-fzo 10209  df-fl 10339  df-mod 10394  df-seqfrec 10519  df-exp 10610  df-ihash 10847  df-cj 10986  df-re 10987  df-im 10988  df-rsqrt 11142  df-abs 11143  df-clim 11422  df-proddc 11694  df-dvds 11931  df-gcd 12080  df-phi 12349
This theorem is referenced by:  fermltl  12372  prmdiv  12373  odzcllem  12380  odzphi  12384  vfermltl  12389  lgslem1  15116
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