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Theorem 0.999... 12081
Description: The recurring decimal 0.999..., which is defined as the infinite sum 0.9 + 0.09 + 0.009 + ... i.e.  9  /  1 0 ^ 1  +  9  /  1 0 ^ 2  +  9  / 
1 0 ^ 3  +  ..., is exactly equal to 1. (Contributed by NM, 2-Nov-2007.) (Revised by AV, 8-Sep-2021.)
Assertion
Ref Expression
0.999...  |-  sum_ k  e.  NN  ( 9  / 
(; 1 0 ^ k
) )  =  1

Proof of Theorem 0.999...
StepHypRef Expression
1 9cn 9230 . . . . . 6  |-  9  e.  CC
21a1i 9 . . . . 5  |-  ( k  e.  NN  ->  9  e.  CC )
3 10re 9628 . . . . . . . 8  |- ; 1 0  e.  RR
43recni 8190 . . . . . . 7  |- ; 1 0  e.  CC
54a1i 9 . . . . . 6  |-  ( k  e.  NN  -> ; 1 0  e.  CC )
6 nnnn0 9408 . . . . . 6  |-  ( k  e.  NN  ->  k  e.  NN0 )
75, 6expcld 10934 . . . . 5  |-  ( k  e.  NN  ->  (; 1 0 ^ k )  e.  CC )
8 10pos 9626 . . . . . . . 8  |-  0  < ; 1
0
93, 8gt0ap0ii 8807 . . . . . . 7  |- ; 1 0 #  0
109a1i 9 . . . . . 6  |-  ( k  e.  NN  -> ; 1 0 #  0 )
11 nnz 9497 . . . . . 6  |-  ( k  e.  NN  ->  k  e.  ZZ )
125, 10, 11expap0d 10940 . . . . 5  |-  ( k  e.  NN  ->  (; 1 0 ^ k ) #  0 )
132, 7, 12divrecapd 8972 . . . 4  |-  ( k  e.  NN  ->  (
9  /  (; 1 0 ^ k
) )  =  ( 9  x.  ( 1  /  (; 1 0 ^ k
) ) ) )
145, 10, 11exprecapd 10942 . . . . 5  |-  ( k  e.  NN  ->  (
( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ^
k )  =  ( 1  /  (; 1 0 ^ k
) ) )
1514oveq2d 6033 . . . 4  |-  ( k  e.  NN  ->  (
9  x.  ( ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ^
k ) )  =  ( 9  x.  (
1  /  (; 1 0 ^ k
) ) ) )
1613, 15eqtr4d 2267 . . 3  |-  ( k  e.  NN  ->  (
9  /  (; 1 0 ^ k
) )  =  ( 9  x.  ( ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ^
k ) ) )
1716sumeq2i 11924 . 2  |-  sum_ k  e.  NN  ( 9  / 
(; 1 0 ^ k
) )  =  sum_ k  e.  NN  (
9  x.  ( ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ^
k ) )
183, 9rerecclapi 8956 . . . . 5  |-  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )  e.  RR
1918recni 8190 . . . 4  |-  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )  e.  CC
20 0re 8178 . . . . . . 7  |-  0  e.  RR
213, 8recgt0ii 9086 . . . . . . 7  |-  0  <  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )
2220, 18, 21ltleii 8281 . . . . . 6  |-  0  <_  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )
2318absidi 11686 . . . . . 6  |-  ( 0  <_  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )  ->  ( abs `  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) )  =  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) )
2422, 23ax-mp 5 . . . . 5  |-  ( abs `  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) )  =  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )
25 1lt10 9748 . . . . . 6  |-  1  < ; 1
0
26 recgt1 9076 . . . . . . 7  |-  ( (; 1
0  e.  RR  /\  0  < ; 1 0 )  -> 
( 1  < ; 1 0  <->  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )  <  1 ) )
273, 8, 26mp2an 426 . . . . . 6  |-  ( 1  < ; 1 0  <->  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )  <  1 )
2825, 27mpbi 145 . . . . 5  |-  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )  <  1
2924, 28eqbrtri 4109 . . . 4  |-  ( abs `  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) )  <  1
30 geoisum1c 12080 . . . 4  |-  ( ( 9  e.  CC  /\  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )  e.  CC  /\  ( abs `  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) )  <  1 )  ->  sum_ k  e.  NN  (
9  x.  ( ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ^
k ) )  =  ( ( 9  x.  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) )  /  ( 1  -  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ) ) )
311, 19, 29, 30mp3an 1373 . . 3  |-  sum_ k  e.  NN  ( 9  x.  ( ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) )  =  ( ( 9  x.  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) )  /  ( 1  -  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ) )
321, 4, 9divrecapi 8936 . . . 4  |-  ( 9  / ; 1 0 )  =  ( 9  x.  (
1  / ; 1 0 ) )
331, 4, 9divcanap2i 8934 . . . . . 6  |-  (; 1 0  x.  (
9  / ; 1 0 ) )  =  9
34 ax-1cn 8124 . . . . . . . 8  |-  1  e.  CC
354, 34, 19subdii 8585 . . . . . . 7  |-  (; 1 0  x.  (
1  -  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ) )  =  ( (; 1
0  x.  1 )  -  (; 1 0  x.  (
1  / ; 1 0 ) ) )
364mulridi 8180 . . . . . . . 8  |-  (; 1 0  x.  1 )  = ; 1 0
374, 9recidapi 8922 . . . . . . . 8  |-  (; 1 0  x.  (
1  / ; 1 0 ) )  =  1
3836, 37oveq12i 6029 . . . . . . 7  |-  ( (; 1
0  x.  1 )  -  (; 1 0  x.  (
1  / ; 1 0 ) ) )  =  (; 1 0  -  1 )
39 10m1e9 9705 . . . . . . 7  |-  (; 1 0  -  1 )  =  9
4035, 38, 393eqtrri 2257 . . . . . 6  |-  9  =  (; 1 0  x.  (
1  -  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ) )
4133, 40eqtri 2252 . . . . 5  |-  (; 1 0  x.  (
9  / ; 1 0 ) )  =  (; 1 0  x.  (
1  -  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ) )
42 9re 9229 . . . . . . . 8  |-  9  e.  RR
4342, 3, 9redivclapi 8958 . . . . . . 7  |-  ( 9  / ; 1 0 )  e.  RR
4443recni 8190 . . . . . 6  |-  ( 9  / ; 1 0 )  e.  CC
4534, 19subcli 8454 . . . . . 6  |-  ( 1  -  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) )  e.  CC
4644, 45, 4, 9mulcanapi 8846 . . . . 5  |-  ( (; 1
0  x.  ( 9  / ; 1 0 ) )  =  (; 1 0  x.  (
1  -  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ) )  <->  ( 9  / ; 1 0 )  =  ( 1  -  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ) )
4741, 46mpbi 145 . . . 4  |-  ( 9  / ; 1 0 )  =  ( 1  -  (
1  / ; 1 0 ) )
4832, 47oveq12i 6029 . . 3  |-  ( ( 9  / ; 1 0 )  / 
( 9  / ; 1 0 ) )  =  ( ( 9  x.  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) )  /  (
1  -  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ) )
49 9pos 9246 . . . . . 6  |-  0  <  9
5042, 3, 49, 8divgt0ii 9098 . . . . 5  |-  0  <  ( 9  / ; 1 0 )
5143, 50gt0ap0ii 8807 . . . 4  |-  ( 9  / ; 1 0 ) #  0
5244, 51dividapi 8924 . . 3  |-  ( ( 9  / ; 1 0 )  / 
( 9  / ; 1 0 ) )  =  1
5331, 48, 523eqtr2i 2258 . 2  |-  sum_ k  e.  NN  ( 9  x.  ( ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) )  =  1
5417, 53eqtri 2252 1  |-  sum_ k  e.  NN  ( 9  / 
(; 1 0 ^ k
) )  =  1
Colors of variables: wff set class
Syntax hints:    <-> wb 105    = wceq 1397    e. wcel 2202   class class class wbr 4088   ` cfv 5326  (class class class)co 6017   CCcc 8029   RRcr 8030   0cc0 8031   1c1 8032    x. cmul 8036    < clt 8213    <_ cle 8214    - cmin 8349   # cap 8760    / cdiv 8851   NNcn 9142   9c9 9200  ;cdc 9610   ^cexp 10799   abscabs 11557   sum_csu 11913
This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-ia1 106  ax-ia2 107  ax-ia3 108  ax-in1 619  ax-in2 620  ax-io 716  ax-5 1495  ax-7 1496  ax-gen 1497  ax-ie1 1541  ax-ie2 1542  ax-8 1552  ax-10 1553  ax-11 1554  ax-i12 1555  ax-bndl 1557  ax-4 1558  ax-17 1574  ax-i9 1578  ax-ial 1582  ax-i5r 1583  ax-13 2204  ax-14 2205  ax-ext 2213  ax-coll 4204  ax-sep 4207  ax-nul 4215  ax-pow 4264  ax-pr 4299  ax-un 4530  ax-setind 4635  ax-iinf 4686  ax-cnex 8122  ax-resscn 8123  ax-1cn 8124  ax-1re 8125  ax-icn 8126  ax-addcl 8127  ax-addrcl 8128  ax-mulcl 8129  ax-mulrcl 8130  ax-addcom 8131  ax-mulcom 8132  ax-addass 8133  ax-mulass 8134  ax-distr 8135  ax-i2m1 8136  ax-0lt1 8137  ax-1rid 8138  ax-0id 8139  ax-rnegex 8140  ax-precex 8141  ax-cnre 8142  ax-pre-ltirr 8143  ax-pre-ltwlin 8144  ax-pre-lttrn 8145  ax-pre-apti 8146  ax-pre-ltadd 8147  ax-pre-mulgt0 8148  ax-pre-mulext 8149  ax-arch 8150  ax-caucvg 8151
This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 117  df-dc 842  df-3or 1005  df-3an 1006  df-tru 1400  df-fal 1403  df-nf 1509  df-sb 1811  df-eu 2082  df-mo 2083  df-clab 2218  df-cleq 2224  df-clel 2227  df-nfc 2363  df-ne 2403  df-nel 2498  df-ral 2515  df-rex 2516  df-reu 2517  df-rmo 2518  df-rab 2519  df-v 2804  df-sbc 3032  df-csb 3128  df-dif 3202  df-un 3204  df-in 3206  df-ss 3213  df-nul 3495  df-if 3606  df-pw 3654  df-sn 3675  df-pr 3676  df-op 3678  df-uni 3894  df-int 3929  df-iun 3972  df-br 4089  df-opab 4151  df-mpt 4152  df-tr 4188  df-id 4390  df-po 4393  df-iso 4394  df-iord 4463  df-on 4465  df-ilim 4466  df-suc 4468  df-iom 4689  df-xp 4731  df-rel 4732  df-cnv 4733  df-co 4734  df-dm 4735  df-rn 4736  df-res 4737  df-ima 4738  df-iota 5286  df-fun 5328  df-fn 5329  df-f 5330  df-f1 5331  df-fo 5332  df-f1o 5333  df-fv 5334  df-isom 5335  df-riota 5970  df-ov 6020  df-oprab 6021  df-mpo 6022  df-1st 6302  df-2nd 6303  df-recs 6470  df-irdg 6535  df-frec 6556  df-1o 6581  df-oadd 6585  df-er 6701  df-en 6909  df-dom 6910  df-fin 6911  df-pnf 8215  df-mnf 8216  df-xr 8217  df-ltxr 8218  df-le 8219  df-sub 8351  df-neg 8352  df-reap 8754  df-ap 8761  df-div 8852  df-inn 9143  df-2 9201  df-3 9202  df-4 9203  df-5 9204  df-6 9205  df-7 9206  df-8 9207  df-9 9208  df-n0 9402  df-z 9479  df-dec 9611  df-uz 9755  df-q 9853  df-rp 9888  df-fz 10243  df-fzo 10377  df-seqfrec 10709  df-exp 10800  df-ihash 11037  df-cj 11402  df-re 11403  df-im 11404  df-rsqrt 11558  df-abs 11559  df-clim 11839  df-sumdc 11914
This theorem is referenced by: (None)
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