Theorem 0.999... 12266

Description: The recurring decimal 0.999..., which is defined as the infinite sum 0.9 + 0.09 + 0.009 + ... i.e. 9 / 1 0 ^ 1 + 9 / 1 0 ^ 2 + 9 / 1 0 ^ 3 + ..., is exactly equal to 1. (Contributed by NM, 2-Nov-2007.) (Revised by AV, 8-Sep-2021.)

Assertion

Ref	Expression
0.999...	|- sum_ k e. NN ( 9 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) = 1

Proof of Theorem 0.999...

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		9cn 9371	. . . . . 6 |- 9 e. CC
2	1	a1i 9	. . . . 5 |- ( k e. NN -> 9 e. CC )
3		10re 9774	. . . . . . . 8 |- ; 1 0 e. RR
4	3	recni 8328	. . . . . . 7 |- ; 1 0 e. CC
5	4	a1i 9	. . . . . 6 |- ( k e. NN -> ; 1 0 e. CC )
6		nnnn0 9549	. . . . . 6 |- ( k e. NN -> k e. NN0 )
7	5, 6	expcld 11089	. . . . 5 |- ( k e. NN -> (; 1 0 ^ k ) e. CC )
8		10pos 9772	. . . . . . . 8 |- 0 < ; 1 0
9	3, 8	gt0ap0ii 8946	. . . . . . 7 |- ; 1 0 # 0
10	9	a1i 9	. . . . . 6 |- ( k e. NN -> ; 1 0 # 0 )
11		nnz 9642	. . . . . 6 |- ( k e. NN -> k e. ZZ )
12	5, 10, 11	expap0d 11095	. . . . 5 |- ( k e. NN -> (; 1 0 ^ k ) # 0 )
13	2, 7, 12	divrecapd 9113	. . . 4 |- ( k e. NN -> ( 9 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) = ( 9 x. ( 1 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) ) )
14	5, 10, 11	exprecapd 11097	. . . . 5 |- ( k e. NN -> ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) = ( 1 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) )
15	14	oveq2d 6091	. . . 4 |- ( k e. NN -> ( 9 x. ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) ) = ( 9 x. ( 1 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) ) )
16	13, 15	eqtr4d 2274	. . 3 |- ( k e. NN -> ( 9 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) = ( 9 x. ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) ) )
17	16	sumeq2i 12108	. 2 |- sum_ k e. NN ( 9 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) = sum_ k e. NN ( 9 x. ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) )
18	3, 9	rerecclapi 9097	. . . . 5 |- ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) e. RR
19	18	recni 8328	. . . 4 |- ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) e. CC
20		0re 8316	. . . . . . 7 |- 0 e. RR
21	3, 8	recgt0ii 9227	. . . . . . 7 |- 0 < ( 1 / ; 1 0 )
22	20, 18, 21	ltleii 8418	. . . . . 6 |- 0 <_ ( 1 / ; 1 0 )
23	18	absidi 11870	. . . . . 6 |- ( 0 <_ ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) -> ( abs ` ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) = ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) )
24	22, 23	ax-mp 5	. . . . 5 |- ( abs ` ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) = ( 1 / ; 1 0 )
25		1lt10 9894	. . . . . 6 |- 1 < ; 1 0
26		recgt1 9217	. . . . . . 7 |- ( (; 1 0 e. RR /\ 0 < ; 1 0 ) -> ( 1 < ; 1 0 <-> ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) < 1 ) )
27	3, 8, 26	mp2an 430	. . . . . 6 |- ( 1 < ; 1 0 <-> ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) < 1 )
28	25, 27	mpbi 145	. . . . 5 |- ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) < 1
29	24, 28	eqbrtri 4146	. . . 4 |- ( abs ` ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) < 1
30		geoisum1c 12265	. . . 4 |- ( ( 9 e. CC /\ ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) e. CC /\ ( abs ` ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) < 1 ) -> sum_ k e. NN ( 9 x. ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) ) = ( ( 9 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) / ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) ) )
31	1, 19, 29, 30	mp3an 1378	. . 3 |- sum_ k e. NN ( 9 x. ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) ) = ( ( 9 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) / ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) )
32	1, 4, 9	divrecapi 9077	. . . 4 |- ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) = ( 9 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) )
33	1, 4, 9	divcanap2i 9075	. . . . . 6 |- (; 1 0 x. ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) ) = 9
34		ax-1cn 8262	. . . . . . . 8 |- 1 e. CC
35	4, 34, 19	subdii 8724	. . . . . . 7 |- (; 1 0 x. ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) ) = ( (; 1 0 x. 1 ) - (; 1 0 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) )
36	4	mulridi 8318	. . . . . . . 8 |- (; 1 0 x. 1 ) = ; 1 0
37	4, 9	recidapi 9063	. . . . . . . 8 |- (; 1 0 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) = 1
38	36, 37	oveq12i 6087	. . . . . . 7 |- ( (; 1 0 x. 1 ) - (; 1 0 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) ) = (; 1 0 - 1 )
39		10m1e9 9851	. . . . . . 7 |- (; 1 0 - 1 ) = 9
40	35, 38, 39	3eqtrri 2264	. . . . . 6 |- 9 = (; 1 0 x. ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) )
41	33, 40	eqtri 2259	. . . . 5 |- (; 1 0 x. ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) ) = (; 1 0 x. ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) )
42		9re 9370	. . . . . . . 8 |- 9 e. RR
43	42, 3, 9	redivclapi 9099	. . . . . . 7 |- ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) e. RR
44	43	recni 8328	. . . . . 6 |- ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) e. CC
45	34, 19	subcli 8592	. . . . . 6 |- ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) e. CC
46	44, 45, 4, 9	mulcanapi 8985	. . . . 5 |- ( (; 1 0 x. ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) ) = (; 1 0 x. ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) ) <-> ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) = ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) )
47	41, 46	mpbi 145	. . . 4 |- ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) = ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) )
48	32, 47	oveq12i 6087	. . 3 |- ( ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) / ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) ) = ( ( 9 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) / ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) )
49		9pos 9387	. . . . . 6 |- 0 < 9
50	42, 3, 49, 8	divgt0ii 9239	. . . . 5 |- 0 < ( 9 / ; 1 0 )
51	43, 50	gt0ap0ii 8946	. . . 4 |- ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) # 0
52	44, 51	dividapi 9065	. . 3 |- ( ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) / ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) ) = 1
53	31, 48, 52	3eqtr2i 2265	. 2 |- sum_ k e. NN ( 9 x. ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) ) = 1
54	17, 53	eqtri 2259	1 |- sum_ k e. NN ( 9 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) = 1

Syntax hints:   <-> wb 105   = wceq 1402   e. wcel 2209   class class class wbr 4125   ` cfv 5372  (class class class)co 6075   CCcc 8167   RRcr 8168   0cc0 8169   1c1 8170   x. cmul 8174   < clt 8350   <_ cle 8351   - cmin 8487   # cap 8899   / cdiv 8992   NNcn 9283   9c9 9341  ;cdc 9756   ^cexp 10953   abscabs 11741   sum_csu 12097

This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-ia1 106  ax-ia2 107  ax-ia3 108  ax-in1 623  ax-in2 624  ax-io 721  ax-5 1500  ax-7 1501  ax-gen 1502  ax-ie1 1546  ax-ie2 1547  ax-8 1557  ax-10 1558  ax-11 1559  ax-i12 1560  ax-bndl 1562  ax-4 1563  ax-17 1579  ax-i9 1583  ax-ial 1587  ax-i5r 1588  ax-14 2212  ax-ext 2220  ax-coll 4241  ax-sep 4244  ax-nul 4254  ax-pow 4306  ax-pr 4341  ax-un 4573  ax-setind 4679  ax-iinf 4730  ax-cnex 8260  ax-resscn 8261  ax-1cn 8262  ax-1re 8263  ax-icn 8264  ax-addcl 8265  ax-addrcl 8266  ax-mulcl 8267  ax-mulrcl 8268  ax-addcom 8269  ax-mulcom 8270  ax-addass 8271  ax-mulass 8272  ax-distr 8273  ax-i2m1 8274  ax-0lt1 8275  ax-1rid 8276  ax-0id 8277  ax-rnegex 8278  ax-precex 8279  ax-cnre 8280  ax-pre-ltirr 8281  ax-pre-ltwlin 8282  ax-pre-lttrn 8283  ax-pre-apti 8284  ax-pre-ltadd 8285  ax-pre-mulgt0 8286  ax-pre-mulext 8287  ax-arch 8288  ax-caucvg 8289

This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 117  df-dc 847  df-3or 1010  df-3an 1011  df-tru 1405  df-fal 1408  df-nf 1514  df-sb 1816  df-eu 2089  df-mo 2090  df-clab 2225  df-cleq 2231  df-clel 2234  df-nfc 2381  df-ne 2421  df-nel 2516  df-ral 2533  df-rex 2534  df-reu 2535  df-rmo 2536  df-rab 2537  df-v 2823  df-sbc 3052  df-csb 3148  df-dif 3222  df-un 3224  df-in 3226  df-ss 3233  df-nul 3521  df-if 3636  df-pw 3687  df-sn 3711  df-pr 3712  df-op 3714  df-uni 3931  df-int 3966  df-iun 4009  df-br 4126  df-opab 4188  df-mpt 4189  df-tr 4225  df-id 4433  df-po 4436  df-iso 4437  df-iord 4506  df-on 4508  df-ilim 4509  df-suc 4511  df-iom 4733  df-xp 4775  df-rel 4776  df-cnv 4777  df-co 4778  df-dm 4779  df-rn 4780  df-res 4781  df-ima 4782  df-iota 5332  df-fun 5374  df-fn 5375  df-f 5376  df-f1 5377  df-fo 5378  df-f1o 5379  df-fv 5380  df-isom 5381  df-riota 6028  df-ov 6078  df-oprab 6079  df-mpo 6080  df-1st 6364  df-2nd 6365  df-recs 6566  df-irdg 6631  df-frec 6652  df-1o 6677  df-oadd 6681  df-er 6797  df-en 7013  df-dom 7014  df-fin 7015  df-pnf 8352  df-mnf 8353  df-xr 8354  df-ltxr 8355  df-le 8356  df-sub 8489  df-neg 8490  df-reap 8893  df-ap 8900  df-div 8993  df-inn 9284  df-2 9342  df-3 9343  df-4 9344  df-5 9345  df-6 9346  df-7 9347  df-8 9348  df-9 9349  df-n0 9543  df-z 9624  df-dec 9757  df-uz 9901  df-q 9999  df-rp 10034  df-fz 10391  df-fzo 10528  df-seqfrec 10863  df-exp 10954  df-ihash 11193  df-cj 11585  df-re 11586  df-im 11587  df-rsqrt 11742  df-abs 11743  df-clim 12023  df-sumdc 12098

This theorem is referenced by: (None)