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Theorem 0.999... 12027
Description: The recurring decimal 0.999..., which is defined as the infinite sum 0.9 + 0.09 + 0.009 + ... i.e.  9  /  1 0 ^ 1  +  9  /  1 0 ^ 2  +  9  / 
1 0 ^ 3  +  ..., is exactly equal to 1. (Contributed by NM, 2-Nov-2007.) (Revised by AV, 8-Sep-2021.)
Assertion
Ref Expression
0.999...  |-  sum_ k  e.  NN  ( 9  / 
(; 1 0 ^ k
) )  =  1

Proof of Theorem 0.999...
StepHypRef Expression
1 9cn 9194 . . . . . 6  |-  9  e.  CC
21a1i 9 . . . . 5  |-  ( k  e.  NN  ->  9  e.  CC )
3 10re 9592 . . . . . . . 8  |- ; 1 0  e.  RR
43recni 8154 . . . . . . 7  |- ; 1 0  e.  CC
54a1i 9 . . . . . 6  |-  ( k  e.  NN  -> ; 1 0  e.  CC )
6 nnnn0 9372 . . . . . 6  |-  ( k  e.  NN  ->  k  e.  NN0 )
75, 6expcld 10890 . . . . 5  |-  ( k  e.  NN  ->  (; 1 0 ^ k )  e.  CC )
8 10pos 9590 . . . . . . . 8  |-  0  < ; 1
0
93, 8gt0ap0ii 8771 . . . . . . 7  |- ; 1 0 #  0
109a1i 9 . . . . . 6  |-  ( k  e.  NN  -> ; 1 0 #  0 )
11 nnz 9461 . . . . . 6  |-  ( k  e.  NN  ->  k  e.  ZZ )
125, 10, 11expap0d 10896 . . . . 5  |-  ( k  e.  NN  ->  (; 1 0 ^ k ) #  0 )
132, 7, 12divrecapd 8936 . . . 4  |-  ( k  e.  NN  ->  (
9  /  (; 1 0 ^ k
) )  =  ( 9  x.  ( 1  /  (; 1 0 ^ k
) ) ) )
145, 10, 11exprecapd 10898 . . . . 5  |-  ( k  e.  NN  ->  (
( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ^
k )  =  ( 1  /  (; 1 0 ^ k
) ) )
1514oveq2d 6016 . . . 4  |-  ( k  e.  NN  ->  (
9  x.  ( ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ^
k ) )  =  ( 9  x.  (
1  /  (; 1 0 ^ k
) ) ) )
1613, 15eqtr4d 2265 . . 3  |-  ( k  e.  NN  ->  (
9  /  (; 1 0 ^ k
) )  =  ( 9  x.  ( ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ^
k ) ) )
1716sumeq2i 11870 . 2  |-  sum_ k  e.  NN  ( 9  / 
(; 1 0 ^ k
) )  =  sum_ k  e.  NN  (
9  x.  ( ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ^
k ) )
183, 9rerecclapi 8920 . . . . 5  |-  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )  e.  RR
1918recni 8154 . . . 4  |-  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )  e.  CC
20 0re 8142 . . . . . . 7  |-  0  e.  RR
213, 8recgt0ii 9050 . . . . . . 7  |-  0  <  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )
2220, 18, 21ltleii 8245 . . . . . 6  |-  0  <_  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )
2318absidi 11632 . . . . . 6  |-  ( 0  <_  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )  ->  ( abs `  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) )  =  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) )
2422, 23ax-mp 5 . . . . 5  |-  ( abs `  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) )  =  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )
25 1lt10 9712 . . . . . 6  |-  1  < ; 1
0
26 recgt1 9040 . . . . . . 7  |-  ( (; 1
0  e.  RR  /\  0  < ; 1 0 )  -> 
( 1  < ; 1 0  <->  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )  <  1 ) )
273, 8, 26mp2an 426 . . . . . 6  |-  ( 1  < ; 1 0  <->  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )  <  1 )
2825, 27mpbi 145 . . . . 5  |-  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )  <  1
2924, 28eqbrtri 4103 . . . 4  |-  ( abs `  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) )  <  1
30 geoisum1c 12026 . . . 4  |-  ( ( 9  e.  CC  /\  ( 1  / ; 1 0 )  e.  CC  /\  ( abs `  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) )  <  1 )  ->  sum_ k  e.  NN  (
9  x.  ( ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ^
k ) )  =  ( ( 9  x.  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) )  /  ( 1  -  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ) ) )
311, 19, 29, 30mp3an 1371 . . 3  |-  sum_ k  e.  NN  ( 9  x.  ( ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) )  =  ( ( 9  x.  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) )  /  ( 1  -  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ) )
321, 4, 9divrecapi 8900 . . . 4  |-  ( 9  / ; 1 0 )  =  ( 9  x.  (
1  / ; 1 0 ) )
331, 4, 9divcanap2i 8898 . . . . . 6  |-  (; 1 0  x.  (
9  / ; 1 0 ) )  =  9
34 ax-1cn 8088 . . . . . . . 8  |-  1  e.  CC
354, 34, 19subdii 8549 . . . . . . 7  |-  (; 1 0  x.  (
1  -  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ) )  =  ( (; 1
0  x.  1 )  -  (; 1 0  x.  (
1  / ; 1 0 ) ) )
364mulridi 8144 . . . . . . . 8  |-  (; 1 0  x.  1 )  = ; 1 0
374, 9recidapi 8886 . . . . . . . 8  |-  (; 1 0  x.  (
1  / ; 1 0 ) )  =  1
3836, 37oveq12i 6012 . . . . . . 7  |-  ( (; 1
0  x.  1 )  -  (; 1 0  x.  (
1  / ; 1 0 ) ) )  =  (; 1 0  -  1 )
39 10m1e9 9669 . . . . . . 7  |-  (; 1 0  -  1 )  =  9
4035, 38, 393eqtrri 2255 . . . . . 6  |-  9  =  (; 1 0  x.  (
1  -  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ) )
4133, 40eqtri 2250 . . . . 5  |-  (; 1 0  x.  (
9  / ; 1 0 ) )  =  (; 1 0  x.  (
1  -  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ) )
42 9re 9193 . . . . . . . 8  |-  9  e.  RR
4342, 3, 9redivclapi 8922 . . . . . . 7  |-  ( 9  / ; 1 0 )  e.  RR
4443recni 8154 . . . . . 6  |-  ( 9  / ; 1 0 )  e.  CC
4534, 19subcli 8418 . . . . . 6  |-  ( 1  -  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) )  e.  CC
4644, 45, 4, 9mulcanapi 8810 . . . . 5  |-  ( (; 1
0  x.  ( 9  / ; 1 0 ) )  =  (; 1 0  x.  (
1  -  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ) )  <->  ( 9  / ; 1 0 )  =  ( 1  -  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ) )
4741, 46mpbi 145 . . . 4  |-  ( 9  / ; 1 0 )  =  ( 1  -  (
1  / ; 1 0 ) )
4832, 47oveq12i 6012 . . 3  |-  ( ( 9  / ; 1 0 )  / 
( 9  / ; 1 0 ) )  =  ( ( 9  x.  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) )  /  (
1  -  ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ) )
49 9pos 9210 . . . . . 6  |-  0  <  9
5042, 3, 49, 8divgt0ii 9062 . . . . 5  |-  0  <  ( 9  / ; 1 0 )
5143, 50gt0ap0ii 8771 . . . 4  |-  ( 9  / ; 1 0 ) #  0
5244, 51dividapi 8888 . . 3  |-  ( ( 9  / ; 1 0 )  / 
( 9  / ; 1 0 ) )  =  1
5331, 48, 523eqtr2i 2256 . 2  |-  sum_ k  e.  NN  ( 9  x.  ( ( 1  / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) )  =  1
5417, 53eqtri 2250 1  |-  sum_ k  e.  NN  ( 9  / 
(; 1 0 ^ k
) )  =  1
Colors of variables: wff set class
Syntax hints:    <-> wb 105    = wceq 1395    e. wcel 2200   class class class wbr 4082   ` cfv 5317  (class class class)co 6000   CCcc 7993   RRcr 7994   0cc0 7995   1c1 7996    x. cmul 8000    < clt 8177    <_ cle 8178    - cmin 8313   # cap 8724    / cdiv 8815   NNcn 9106   9c9 9164  ;cdc 9574   ^cexp 10755   abscabs 11503   sum_csu 11859
This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-ia1 106  ax-ia2 107  ax-ia3 108  ax-in1 617  ax-in2 618  ax-io 714  ax-5 1493  ax-7 1494  ax-gen 1495  ax-ie1 1539  ax-ie2 1540  ax-8 1550  ax-10 1551  ax-11 1552  ax-i12 1553  ax-bndl 1555  ax-4 1556  ax-17 1572  ax-i9 1576  ax-ial 1580  ax-i5r 1581  ax-13 2202  ax-14 2203  ax-ext 2211  ax-coll 4198  ax-sep 4201  ax-nul 4209  ax-pow 4257  ax-pr 4292  ax-un 4523  ax-setind 4628  ax-iinf 4679  ax-cnex 8086  ax-resscn 8087  ax-1cn 8088  ax-1re 8089  ax-icn 8090  ax-addcl 8091  ax-addrcl 8092  ax-mulcl 8093  ax-mulrcl 8094  ax-addcom 8095  ax-mulcom 8096  ax-addass 8097  ax-mulass 8098  ax-distr 8099  ax-i2m1 8100  ax-0lt1 8101  ax-1rid 8102  ax-0id 8103  ax-rnegex 8104  ax-precex 8105  ax-cnre 8106  ax-pre-ltirr 8107  ax-pre-ltwlin 8108  ax-pre-lttrn 8109  ax-pre-apti 8110  ax-pre-ltadd 8111  ax-pre-mulgt0 8112  ax-pre-mulext 8113  ax-arch 8114  ax-caucvg 8115
This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 117  df-dc 840  df-3or 1003  df-3an 1004  df-tru 1398  df-fal 1401  df-nf 1507  df-sb 1809  df-eu 2080  df-mo 2081  df-clab 2216  df-cleq 2222  df-clel 2225  df-nfc 2361  df-ne 2401  df-nel 2496  df-ral 2513  df-rex 2514  df-reu 2515  df-rmo 2516  df-rab 2517  df-v 2801  df-sbc 3029  df-csb 3125  df-dif 3199  df-un 3201  df-in 3203  df-ss 3210  df-nul 3492  df-if 3603  df-pw 3651  df-sn 3672  df-pr 3673  df-op 3675  df-uni 3888  df-int 3923  df-iun 3966  df-br 4083  df-opab 4145  df-mpt 4146  df-tr 4182  df-id 4383  df-po 4386  df-iso 4387  df-iord 4456  df-on 4458  df-ilim 4459  df-suc 4461  df-iom 4682  df-xp 4724  df-rel 4725  df-cnv 4726  df-co 4727  df-dm 4728  df-rn 4729  df-res 4730  df-ima 4731  df-iota 5277  df-fun 5319  df-fn 5320  df-f 5321  df-f1 5322  df-fo 5323  df-f1o 5324  df-fv 5325  df-isom 5326  df-riota 5953  df-ov 6003  df-oprab 6004  df-mpo 6005  df-1st 6284  df-2nd 6285  df-recs 6449  df-irdg 6514  df-frec 6535  df-1o 6560  df-oadd 6564  df-er 6678  df-en 6886  df-dom 6887  df-fin 6888  df-pnf 8179  df-mnf 8180  df-xr 8181  df-ltxr 8182  df-le 8183  df-sub 8315  df-neg 8316  df-reap 8718  df-ap 8725  df-div 8816  df-inn 9107  df-2 9165  df-3 9166  df-4 9167  df-5 9168  df-6 9169  df-7 9170  df-8 9171  df-9 9172  df-n0 9366  df-z 9443  df-dec 9575  df-uz 9719  df-q 9811  df-rp 9846  df-fz 10201  df-fzo 10335  df-seqfrec 10665  df-exp 10756  df-ihash 10993  df-cj 11348  df-re 11349  df-im 11350  df-rsqrt 11504  df-abs 11505  df-clim 11785  df-sumdc 11860
This theorem is referenced by: (None)
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