Theorem 0.999... 12288

Description: The recurring decimal 0.999..., which is defined as the infinite sum 0.9 + 0.09 + 0.009 + ... i.e. 9 / 1 0 ^ 1 + 9 / 1 0 ^ 2 + 9 / 1 0 ^ 3 + ..., is exactly equal to 1. (Contributed by NM, 2-Nov-2007.) (Revised by AV, 8-Sep-2021.)

Assertion

Ref	Expression
0.999...	|- sum_ k e. NN ( 9 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) = 1

Proof of Theorem 0.999...

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		9cn 9392	. . . . . 6 |- 9 e. CC
2	1	a1i 9	. . . . 5 |- ( k e. NN -> 9 e. CC )
3		10re 9795	. . . . . . . 8 |- ; 1 0 e. RR
4	3	recni 8338	. . . . . . 7 |- ; 1 0 e. CC
5	4	a1i 9	. . . . . 6 |- ( k e. NN -> ; 1 0 e. CC )
6		nnnn0 9570	. . . . . 6 |- ( k e. NN -> k e. NN0 )
7	5, 6	expcld 11111	. . . . 5 |- ( k e. NN -> (; 1 0 ^ k ) e. CC )
8		10pos 9793	. . . . . . . 8 |- 0 < ; 1 0
9	3, 8	gt0ap0ii 8956	. . . . . . 7 |- ; 1 0 # 0
10	9	a1i 9	. . . . . 6 |- ( k e. NN -> ; 1 0 # 0 )
11		nnz 9663	. . . . . 6 |- ( k e. NN -> k e. ZZ )
12	5, 10, 11	expap0d 11117	. . . . 5 |- ( k e. NN -> (; 1 0 ^ k ) # 0 )
13	2, 7, 12	divrecapd 9123	. . . 4 |- ( k e. NN -> ( 9 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) = ( 9 x. ( 1 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) ) )
14	5, 10, 11	exprecapd 11119	. . . . 5 |- ( k e. NN -> ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) = ( 1 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) )
15	14	oveq2d 6101	. . . 4 |- ( k e. NN -> ( 9 x. ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) ) = ( 9 x. ( 1 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) ) )
16	13, 15	eqtr4d 2274	. . 3 |- ( k e. NN -> ( 9 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) = ( 9 x. ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) ) )
17	16	sumeq2i 12130	. 2 |- sum_ k e. NN ( 9 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) = sum_ k e. NN ( 9 x. ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) )
18	3, 9	rerecclapi 9107	. . . . 5 |- ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) e. RR
19	18	recni 8338	. . . 4 |- ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) e. CC
20		0re 8326	. . . . . . 7 |- 0 e. RR
21	3, 8	recgt0ii 9237	. . . . . . 7 |- 0 < ( 1 / ; 1 0 )
22	20, 18, 21	ltleii 8428	. . . . . 6 |- 0 <_ ( 1 / ; 1 0 )
23	18	absidi 11892	. . . . . 6 |- ( 0 <_ ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) -> ( abs ` ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) = ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) )
24	22, 23	ax-mp 5	. . . . 5 |- ( abs ` ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) = ( 1 / ; 1 0 )
25		1lt10 9915	. . . . . 6 |- 1 < ; 1 0
26		recgt1 9227	. . . . . . 7 |- ( (; 1 0 e. RR /\ 0 < ; 1 0 ) -> ( 1 < ; 1 0 <-> ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) < 1 ) )
27	3, 8, 26	mp2an 430	. . . . . 6 |- ( 1 < ; 1 0 <-> ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) < 1 )
28	25, 27	mpbi 145	. . . . 5 |- ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) < 1
29	24, 28	eqbrtri 4151	. . . 4 |- ( abs ` ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) < 1
30		geoisum1c 12287	. . . 4 |- ( ( 9 e. CC /\ ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) e. CC /\ ( abs ` ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) < 1 ) -> sum_ k e. NN ( 9 x. ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) ) = ( ( 9 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) / ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) ) )
31	1, 19, 29, 30	mp3an 1378	. . 3 |- sum_ k e. NN ( 9 x. ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) ) = ( ( 9 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) / ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) )
32	1, 4, 9	divrecapi 9087	. . . 4 |- ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) = ( 9 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) )
33	1, 4, 9	divcanap2i 9085	. . . . . 6 |- (; 1 0 x. ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) ) = 9
34		ax-1cn 8272	. . . . . . . 8 |- 1 e. CC
35	4, 34, 19	subdii 8734	. . . . . . 7 |- (; 1 0 x. ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) ) = ( (; 1 0 x. 1 ) - (; 1 0 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) )
36	4	mulridi 8328	. . . . . . . 8 |- (; 1 0 x. 1 ) = ; 1 0
37	4, 9	recidapi 9073	. . . . . . . 8 |- (; 1 0 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) = 1
38	36, 37	oveq12i 6097	. . . . . . 7 |- ( (; 1 0 x. 1 ) - (; 1 0 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) ) = (; 1 0 - 1 )
39		10m1e9 9872	. . . . . . 7 |- (; 1 0 - 1 ) = 9
40	35, 38, 39	3eqtrri 2264	. . . . . 6 |- 9 = (; 1 0 x. ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) )
41	33, 40	eqtri 2259	. . . . 5 |- (; 1 0 x. ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) ) = (; 1 0 x. ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) )
42		9re 9391	. . . . . . . 8 |- 9 e. RR
43	42, 3, 9	redivclapi 9109	. . . . . . 7 |- ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) e. RR
44	43	recni 8338	. . . . . 6 |- ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) e. CC
45	34, 19	subcli 8602	. . . . . 6 |- ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) e. CC
46	44, 45, 4, 9	mulcanapi 8995	. . . . 5 |- ( (; 1 0 x. ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) ) = (; 1 0 x. ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) ) <-> ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) = ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) )
47	41, 46	mpbi 145	. . . 4 |- ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) = ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) )
48	32, 47	oveq12i 6097	. . 3 |- ( ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) / ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) ) = ( ( 9 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) / ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) )
49		9pos 9408	. . . . . 6 |- 0 < 9
50	42, 3, 49, 8	divgt0ii 9249	. . . . 5 |- 0 < ( 9 / ; 1 0 )
51	43, 50	gt0ap0ii 8956	. . . 4 |- ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) # 0
52	44, 51	dividapi 9075	. . 3 |- ( ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) / ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) ) = 1
53	31, 48, 52	3eqtr2i 2265	. 2 |- sum_ k e. NN ( 9 x. ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) ) = 1
54	17, 53	eqtri 2259	1 |- sum_ k e. NN ( 9 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) = 1

This proof depends on syntax axioms:   <-> wb 105   = wceq 1402   e. wcel 2209   class class class wbr 4130   ` cfv 5377  (class class class)co 6085   CCcc 8177   RRcr 8178   0cc0 8179   1c1 8180   x. cmul 8184   < clt 8360   <_ cle 8361   - cmin 8497   # cap 8909   / cdiv 9002   NNcn 9304   9c9 9362  ;cdc 9777   ^cexp 10975   abscabs 11763   sum_csu 12119

This proof depends on axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-ia1 106  ax-ia2 107  ax-ia3 108  ax-in1 623  ax-in2 624  ax-io 721  ax-5 1500  ax-7 1501  ax-gen 1502  ax-ie1 1546  ax-ie2 1547  ax-8 1557  ax-10 1558  ax-11 1559  ax-i12 1560  ax-bndl 1562  ax-4 1563  ax-17 1579  ax-i9 1583  ax-ial 1587  ax-i5r 1588  ax-14 2212  ax-ext 2220  ax-coll 4246  ax-sep 4249  ax-nul 4259  ax-pow 4311  ax-pr 4346  ax-un 4578  ax-setind 4684  ax-iinf 4735  ax-cnex 8270  ax-resscn 8271  ax-1cn 8272  ax-1re 8273  ax-icn 8274  ax-addcl 8275  ax-addrcl 8276  ax-mulcl 8277  ax-mulrcl 8278  ax-addcom 8279  ax-mulcom 8280  ax-addass 8281  ax-mulass 8282  ax-distr 8283  ax-i2m1 8284  ax-0lt1 8285  ax-1rid 8286  ax-0id 8287  ax-rnegex 8288  ax-precex 8289  ax-cnre 8290  ax-pre-ltirr 8291  ax-pre-ltwlin 8292  ax-pre-lttrn 8293  ax-pre-apti 8294  ax-pre-ltadd 8295  ax-pre-mulgt0 8296  ax-pre-mulext 8297  ax-arch 8298  ax-caucvg 8299

This proof depends on definitions:  df-bi 117  df-dc 847  df-3or 1010  df-3an 1011  df-tru 1405  df-fal 1408  df-nf 1514  df-sb 1816  df-eu 2089  df-mo 2090  df-clab 2225  df-cleq 2231  df-clel 2234  df-nfc 2381  df-ne 2421  df-nel 2516  df-ral 2533  df-rex 2534  df-reu 2535  df-rmo 2536  df-rab 2537  df-v 2823  df-sbc 3052  df-csb 3148  df-dif 3222  df-un 3224  df-in 3226  df-ss 3233  df-nul 3521  df-if 3639  df-pw 3690  df-sn 3715  df-pr 3716  df-op 3718  df-uni 3936  df-int 3971  df-iun 4014  df-br 4131  df-opab 4193  df-mpt 4194  df-tr 4230  df-id 4438  df-po 4441  df-iso 4442  df-iord 4511  df-on 4513  df-ilim 4514  df-suc 4516  df-iom 4738  df-xp 4780  df-rel 4781  df-cnv 4782  df-co 4783  df-dm 4784  df-rn 4785  df-res 4786  df-ima 4787  df-iota 5337  df-fun 5379  df-fn 5380  df-f 5381  df-f1 5382  df-fo 5383  df-f1o 5384  df-fv 5385  df-isom 5386  df-riota 6038  df-ov 6088  df-oprab 6089  df-mpo 6090  df-1st 6374  df-2nd 6375  df-recs 6576  df-irdg 6641  df-frec 6662  df-1o 6687  df-oadd 6691  df-er 6807  df-en 7023  df-dom 7024  df-fin 7025  df-pnf 8362  df-mnf 8363  df-xr 8364  df-ltxr 8365  df-le 8366  df-sub 8499  df-neg 8500  df-reap 8903  df-ap 8910  df-div 9003  df-inn 9305  df-2 9363  df-3 9364  df-4 9365  df-5 9366  df-6 9367  df-7 9368  df-8 9369  df-9 9370  df-n0 9564  df-z 9645  df-dec 9778  df-uz 9922  df-q 10020  df-rp 10055  df-fz 10412  df-fzo 10550  df-seqfrec 10885  df-exp 10976  df-ihash 11215  df-cj 11607  df-re 11608  df-im 11609  df-rsqrt 11764  df-abs 11765  df-clim 12045  df-sumdc 12120

This theorem is used by: (None)