Theorem 0.999... 12207

Description: The recurring decimal 0.999..., which is defined as the infinite sum 0.9 + 0.09 + 0.009 + ... i.e. 9 / 1 0 ^ 1 + 9 / 1 0 ^ 2 + 9 / 1 0 ^ 3 + ..., is exactly equal to 1. (Contributed by NM, 2-Nov-2007.) (Revised by AV, 8-Sep-2021.)

Assertion

Ref	Expression
0.999...	|- sum_ k e. NN ( 9 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) = 1

Proof of Theorem 0.999...

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		9cn 9325	. . . . . 6 |- 9 e. CC
2	1	a1i 9	. . . . 5 |- ( k e. NN -> 9 e. CC )
3		10re 9727	. . . . . . . 8 |- ; 1 0 e. RR
4	3	recni 8286	. . . . . . 7 |- ; 1 0 e. CC
5	4	a1i 9	. . . . . 6 |- ( k e. NN -> ; 1 0 e. CC )
6		nnnn0 9503	. . . . . 6 |- ( k e. NN -> k e. NN0 )
7	5, 6	expcld 11035	. . . . 5 |- ( k e. NN -> (; 1 0 ^ k ) e. CC )
8		10pos 9725	. . . . . . . 8 |- 0 < ; 1 0
9	3, 8	gt0ap0ii 8902	. . . . . . 7 |- ; 1 0 # 0
10	9	a1i 9	. . . . . 6 |- ( k e. NN -> ; 1 0 # 0 )
11		nnz 9596	. . . . . 6 |- ( k e. NN -> k e. ZZ )
12	5, 10, 11	expap0d 11041	. . . . 5 |- ( k e. NN -> (; 1 0 ^ k ) # 0 )
13	2, 7, 12	divrecapd 9067	. . . 4 |- ( k e. NN -> ( 9 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) = ( 9 x. ( 1 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) ) )
14	5, 10, 11	exprecapd 11043	. . . . 5 |- ( k e. NN -> ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) = ( 1 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) )
15	14	oveq2d 6066	. . . 4 |- ( k e. NN -> ( 9 x. ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) ) = ( 9 x. ( 1 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) ) )
16	13, 15	eqtr4d 2268	. . 3 |- ( k e. NN -> ( 9 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) = ( 9 x. ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) ) )
17	16	sumeq2i 12049	. 2 |- sum_ k e. NN ( 9 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) = sum_ k e. NN ( 9 x. ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) )
18	3, 9	rerecclapi 9051	. . . . 5 |- ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) e. RR
19	18	recni 8286	. . . 4 |- ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) e. CC
20		0re 8274	. . . . . . 7 |- 0 e. RR
21	3, 8	recgt0ii 9181	. . . . . . 7 |- 0 < ( 1 / ; 1 0 )
22	20, 18, 21	ltleii 8376	. . . . . 6 |- 0 <_ ( 1 / ; 1 0 )
23	18	absidi 11811	. . . . . 6 |- ( 0 <_ ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) -> ( abs ` ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) = ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) )
24	22, 23	ax-mp 5	. . . . 5 |- ( abs ` ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) = ( 1 / ; 1 0 )
25		1lt10 9847	. . . . . 6 |- 1 < ; 1 0
26		recgt1 9171	. . . . . . 7 |- ( (; 1 0 e. RR /\ 0 < ; 1 0 ) -> ( 1 < ; 1 0 <-> ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) < 1 ) )
27	3, 8, 26	mp2an 426	. . . . . 6 |- ( 1 < ; 1 0 <-> ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) < 1 )
28	25, 27	mpbi 145	. . . . 5 |- ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) < 1
29	24, 28	eqbrtri 4130	. . . 4 |- ( abs ` ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) < 1
30		geoisum1c 12206	. . . 4 |- ( ( 9 e. CC /\ ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) e. CC /\ ( abs ` ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) < 1 ) -> sum_ k e. NN ( 9 x. ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) ) = ( ( 9 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) / ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) ) )
31	1, 19, 29, 30	mp3an 1374	. . 3 |- sum_ k e. NN ( 9 x. ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) ) = ( ( 9 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) / ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) )
32	1, 4, 9	divrecapi 9031	. . . 4 |- ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) = ( 9 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) )
33	1, 4, 9	divcanap2i 9029	. . . . . 6 |- (; 1 0 x. ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) ) = 9
34		ax-1cn 8220	. . . . . . . 8 |- 1 e. CC
35	4, 34, 19	subdii 8680	. . . . . . 7 |- (; 1 0 x. ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) ) = ( (; 1 0 x. 1 ) - (; 1 0 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) )
36	4	mulridi 8276	. . . . . . . 8 |- (; 1 0 x. 1 ) = ; 1 0
37	4, 9	recidapi 9017	. . . . . . . 8 |- (; 1 0 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) = 1
38	36, 37	oveq12i 6062	. . . . . . 7 |- ( (; 1 0 x. 1 ) - (; 1 0 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) ) = (; 1 0 - 1 )
39		10m1e9 9804	. . . . . . 7 |- (; 1 0 - 1 ) = 9
40	35, 38, 39	3eqtrri 2258	. . . . . 6 |- 9 = (; 1 0 x. ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) )
41	33, 40	eqtri 2253	. . . . 5 |- (; 1 0 x. ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) ) = (; 1 0 x. ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) )
42		9re 9324	. . . . . . . 8 |- 9 e. RR
43	42, 3, 9	redivclapi 9053	. . . . . . 7 |- ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) e. RR
44	43	recni 8286	. . . . . 6 |- ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) e. CC
45	34, 19	subcli 8549	. . . . . 6 |- ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) e. CC
46	44, 45, 4, 9	mulcanapi 8941	. . . . 5 |- ( (; 1 0 x. ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) ) = (; 1 0 x. ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) ) <-> ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) = ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) )
47	41, 46	mpbi 145	. . . 4 |- ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) = ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) )
48	32, 47	oveq12i 6062	. . 3 |- ( ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) / ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) ) = ( ( 9 x. ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) / ( 1 - ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ) )
49		9pos 9341	. . . . . 6 |- 0 < 9
50	42, 3, 49, 8	divgt0ii 9193	. . . . 5 |- 0 < ( 9 / ; 1 0 )
51	43, 50	gt0ap0ii 8902	. . . 4 |- ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) # 0
52	44, 51	dividapi 9019	. . 3 |- ( ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) / ( 9 / ; 1 0 ) ) = 1
53	31, 48, 52	3eqtr2i 2259	. 2 |- sum_ k e. NN ( 9 x. ( ( 1 / ; 1 0 ) ^ k ) ) = 1
54	17, 53	eqtri 2253	1 |- sum_ k e. NN ( 9 / (; 1 0 ^ k ) ) = 1

Syntax hints:   <-> wb 105   = wceq 1398   e. wcel 2203   class class class wbr 4109   ` cfv 5352  (class class class)co 6050   CCcc 8125   RRcr 8126   0cc0 8127   1c1 8128   x. cmul 8132   < clt 8308   <_ cle 8309   - cmin 8444   # cap 8855   / cdiv 8946   NNcn 9237   9c9 9295  ;cdc 9709   ^cexp 10900   abscabs 11682   sum_csu 12038

This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-ia1 106  ax-ia2 107  ax-ia3 108  ax-in1 619  ax-in2 620  ax-io 717  ax-5 1496  ax-7 1497  ax-gen 1498  ax-ie1 1542  ax-ie2 1543  ax-8 1553  ax-10 1554  ax-11 1555  ax-i12 1556  ax-bndl 1558  ax-4 1559  ax-17 1575  ax-i9 1579  ax-ial 1583  ax-i5r 1584  ax-13 2205  ax-14 2206  ax-ext 2214  ax-coll 4225  ax-sep 4228  ax-nul 4236  ax-pow 4287  ax-pr 4322  ax-un 4554  ax-setind 4659  ax-iinf 4710  ax-cnex 8218  ax-resscn 8219  ax-1cn 8220  ax-1re 8221  ax-icn 8222  ax-addcl 8223  ax-addrcl 8224  ax-mulcl 8225  ax-mulrcl 8226  ax-addcom 8227  ax-mulcom 8228  ax-addass 8229  ax-mulass 8230  ax-distr 8231  ax-i2m1 8232  ax-0lt1 8233  ax-1rid 8234  ax-0id 8235  ax-rnegex 8236  ax-precex 8237  ax-cnre 8238  ax-pre-ltirr 8239  ax-pre-ltwlin 8240  ax-pre-lttrn 8241  ax-pre-apti 8242  ax-pre-ltadd 8243  ax-pre-mulgt0 8244  ax-pre-mulext 8245  ax-arch 8246  ax-caucvg 8247

This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 117  df-dc 843  df-3or 1006  df-3an 1007  df-tru 1401  df-fal 1404  df-nf 1510  df-sb 1812  df-eu 2083  df-mo 2084  df-clab 2219  df-cleq 2225  df-clel 2228  df-nfc 2373  df-ne 2413  df-nel 2508  df-ral 2525  df-rex 2526  df-reu 2527  df-rmo 2528  df-rab 2529  df-v 2815  df-sbc 3043  df-csb 3139  df-dif 3213  df-un 3215  df-in 3217  df-ss 3224  df-nul 3509  df-if 3621  df-pw 3671  df-sn 3695  df-pr 3696  df-op 3698  df-uni 3915  df-int 3950  df-iun 3993  df-br 4110  df-opab 4172  df-mpt 4173  df-tr 4209  df-id 4414  df-po 4417  df-iso 4418  df-iord 4487  df-on 4489  df-ilim 4490  df-suc 4492  df-iom 4713  df-xp 4755  df-rel 4756  df-cnv 4757  df-co 4758  df-dm 4759  df-rn 4760  df-res 4761  df-ima 4762  df-iota 5312  df-fun 5354  df-fn 5355  df-f 5356  df-f1 5357  df-fo 5358  df-f1o 5359  df-fv 5360  df-isom 5361  df-riota 6003  df-ov 6053  df-oprab 6054  df-mpo 6055  df-1st 6334  df-2nd 6335  df-recs 6536  df-irdg 6601  df-frec 6622  df-1o 6647  df-oadd 6651  df-er 6767  df-en 6976  df-dom 6977  df-fin 6978  df-pnf 8310  df-mnf 8311  df-xr 8312  df-ltxr 8313  df-le 8314  df-sub 8446  df-neg 8447  df-reap 8849  df-ap 8856  df-div 8947  df-inn 9238  df-2 9296  df-3 9297  df-4 9298  df-5 9299  df-6 9300  df-7 9301  df-8 9302  df-9 9303  df-n0 9497  df-z 9578  df-dec 9710  df-uz 9854  df-q 9952  df-rp 9987  df-fz 10343  df-fzo 10477  df-seqfrec 10810  df-exp 10901  df-ihash 11139  df-cj 11527  df-re 11528  df-im 11529  df-rsqrt 11683  df-abs 11684  df-clim 11964  df-sumdc 12039

This theorem is referenced by: (None)