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Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > carden | Structured version Visualization version GIF version |
Description: Two sets are equinumerous
iff their cardinal numbers are equal. This
important theorem expresses the essential concept behind
"cardinality" or
"size." This theorem appears as Proposition 10.10 of [TakeutiZaring]
p. 85, Theorem 7P of [Enderton] p. 197,
and Theorem 9 of [Suppes] p. 242
(among others). The Axiom of Choice is required for its proof. Related
theorems are hasheni 13704 and the finite-set-only hashen 13703.
This theorem is also known as Hume's Principle. Gottlob Frege's two-volume Grundgesetze der Arithmetik used his Basic Law V to prove this theorem. Unfortunately Basic Law V caused Frege's system to be inconsistent because it was subject to Russell's paradox (see ru 3719). Later scholars have found that Frege primarily used Basic Law V to Hume's Principle. If Basic Law V is replaced by Hume's Principle in Frege's system, much of Frege's work is restored. Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, once Basic Law V is replaced, proves "Frege's theorem" (the Peano axioms of arithmetic can be derived in second-order logic from Hume's principle). See https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/frege-theorem . We take a different approach, using first-order logic and ZFC, to prove the Peano axioms of arithmetic. The theory of cardinality can also be developed without AC by introducing "card" as a primitive notion and stating this theorem as an axiom, as is done with the axiom for cardinal numbers in [Suppes] p. 111. Finally, if we allow the Axiom of Regularity, we can avoid AC by defining the cardinal number of a set as the set of all sets equinumerous to it and having the least possible rank (see karden 9308). (Contributed by NM, 22-Oct-2003.) |
Ref | Expression |
---|---|
carden | ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) → ((card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵) ↔ 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵)) |
Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
---|---|---|---|
1 | numth3 9881 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 → 𝐴 ∈ dom card) | |
2 | 1 | ad2antrr 725 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) ∧ (card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵)) → 𝐴 ∈ dom card) |
3 | cardid2 9366 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ dom card → (card‘𝐴) ≈ 𝐴) | |
4 | ensym 8541 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ((card‘𝐴) ≈ 𝐴 → 𝐴 ≈ (card‘𝐴)) | |
5 | 2, 3, 4 | 3syl 18 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) ∧ (card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵)) → 𝐴 ≈ (card‘𝐴)) |
6 | simpr 488 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) ∧ (card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵)) → (card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵)) | |
7 | numth3 9881 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐷 → 𝐵 ∈ dom card) | |
8 | 7 | ad2antlr 726 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) ∧ (card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵)) → 𝐵 ∈ dom card) |
9 | 8 | cardidd 9960 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) ∧ (card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵)) → (card‘𝐵) ≈ 𝐵) |
10 | 6, 9 | eqbrtrd 5052 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) ∧ (card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵)) → (card‘𝐴) ≈ 𝐵) |
11 | entr 8544 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐴 ≈ (card‘𝐴) ∧ (card‘𝐴) ≈ 𝐵) → 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵) | |
12 | 5, 10, 11 | syl2anc 587 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) ∧ (card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵)) → 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵) |
13 | 12 | ex 416 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) → ((card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵) → 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵)) |
14 | carden2b 9380 | . 2 ⊢ (𝐴 ≈ 𝐵 → (card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵)) | |
15 | 13, 14 | impbid1 228 | 1 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷) → ((card‘𝐴) = (card‘𝐵) ↔ 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵)) |
Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
Syntax hints: → wi 4 ↔ wb 209 ∧ wa 399 = wceq 1538 ∈ wcel 2111 class class class wbr 5030 dom cdm 5519 ‘cfv 6324 ≈ cen 8489 cardccrd 9348 |
This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1797 ax-4 1811 ax-5 1911 ax-6 1970 ax-7 2015 ax-8 2113 ax-9 2121 ax-10 2142 ax-11 2158 ax-12 2175 ax-ext 2770 ax-rep 5154 ax-sep 5167 ax-nul 5174 ax-pow 5231 ax-pr 5295 ax-un 7441 ax-ac2 9874 |
This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 210 df-an 400 df-or 845 df-3or 1085 df-3an 1086 df-tru 1541 df-ex 1782 df-nf 1786 df-sb 2070 df-mo 2598 df-eu 2629 df-clab 2777 df-cleq 2791 df-clel 2870 df-nfc 2938 df-ne 2988 df-ral 3111 df-rex 3112 df-reu 3113 df-rmo 3114 df-rab 3115 df-v 3443 df-sbc 3721 df-csb 3829 df-dif 3884 df-un 3886 df-in 3888 df-ss 3898 df-pss 3900 df-nul 4244 df-if 4426 df-pw 4499 df-sn 4526 df-pr 4528 df-tp 4530 df-op 4532 df-uni 4801 df-int 4839 df-iun 4883 df-br 5031 df-opab 5093 df-mpt 5111 df-tr 5137 df-id 5425 df-eprel 5430 df-po 5438 df-so 5439 df-fr 5478 df-se 5479 df-we 5480 df-xp 5525 df-rel 5526 df-cnv 5527 df-co 5528 df-dm 5529 df-rn 5530 df-res 5531 df-ima 5532 df-pred 6116 df-ord 6162 df-on 6163 df-suc 6165 df-iota 6283 df-fun 6326 df-fn 6327 df-f 6328 df-f1 6329 df-fo 6330 df-f1o 6331 df-fv 6332 df-isom 6333 df-riota 7093 df-wrecs 7930 df-recs 7991 df-er 8272 df-en 8493 df-card 9352 df-ac 9527 |
This theorem is referenced by: cardeq0 9963 ficard 9976 |
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