Theorem sbth 9154

Description: Schroeder-Bernstein Theorem. Theorem 18 of [Suppes] p. 95. This theorem states that if set 𝐴 is smaller (has lower cardinality) than 𝐵 and vice-versa, then 𝐴 and 𝐵 are equinumerous (have the same cardinality). The interesting thing is that this can be proved without invoking the Axiom of Choice, as we do here. The theorem can also be proved from the axiom of choice and the linear order of the cardinal numbers, but our development does not provide the linear order of cardinal numbers until much later and in ways that depend on Schroeder-Bernstein.

The main proof consists of lemmas sbthlem1 9144 through sbthlem10 9153; this final piece mainly changes bound variables to eliminate the hypotheses of sbthlem10 9153. We follow closely the proof in Suppes, which you should consult to understand our proof at a higher level. Note that Suppes' proof, which is credited to J. M. Whitaker, does not require the Axiom of Infinity. In the Intuitionistic Logic Explorer (ILE) the Schroeder-Bernstein Theorem has been proven equivalent to the law of the excluded middle (LEM), and in ILE the LEM is not accepted as necessarily true; see https://us.metamath.org/ileuni/exmidsbth.html 9153. This is Metamath 100 proof #25. (Contributed by NM, 8-Jun-1998.)

Assertion

Ref	Expression
sbth	⊢ ((𝐴 ≼ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≼ 𝐴) → 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵)

Proof of Theorem sbth

Dummy variables 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑤 𝑓 𝑔 are mutually distinct and distinct from all other variables.

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		reldom 9017	. . . 4 ⊢ Rel ≼
2	1	brrelex1i 5714	. . 3 ⊢ (𝐴 ≼ 𝐵 → 𝐴 ∈ V)
3	1	brrelex1i 5714	. . 3 ⊢ (𝐵 ≼ 𝐴 → 𝐵 ∈ V)
4		breq1 5111	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑧 = 𝐴 → (𝑧 ≼ 𝑤 ↔ 𝐴 ≼ 𝑤))
5		breq2 5112	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑧 = 𝐴 → (𝑤 ≼ 𝑧 ↔ 𝑤 ≼ 𝐴))
6	4, 5	anbi12d 644	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑧 = 𝐴 → ((𝑧 ≼ 𝑤 ∧ 𝑤 ≼ 𝑧) ↔ (𝐴 ≼ 𝑤 ∧ 𝑤 ≼ 𝐴)))
7		breq1 5111	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑧 = 𝐴 → (𝑧 ≈ 𝑤 ↔ 𝐴 ≈ 𝑤))
8	6, 7	imbi12d 347	. . . 4 ⊢ (𝑧 = 𝐴 → (((𝑧 ≼ 𝑤 ∧ 𝑤 ≼ 𝑧) → 𝑧 ≈ 𝑤) ↔ ((𝐴 ≼ 𝑤 ∧ 𝑤 ≼ 𝐴) → 𝐴 ≈ 𝑤)))
9		breq2 5112	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑤 = 𝐵 → (𝐴 ≼ 𝑤 ↔ 𝐴 ≼ 𝐵))
10		breq1 5111	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑤 = 𝐵 → (𝑤 ≼ 𝐴 ↔ 𝐵 ≼ 𝐴))
11	9, 10	anbi12d 644	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑤 = 𝐵 → ((𝐴 ≼ 𝑤 ∧ 𝑤 ≼ 𝐴) ↔ (𝐴 ≼ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≼ 𝐴)))
12		breq2 5112	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑤 = 𝐵 → (𝐴 ≈ 𝑤 ↔ 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵))
13	11, 12	imbi12d 347	. . . 4 ⊢ (𝑤 = 𝐵 → (((𝐴 ≼ 𝑤 ∧ 𝑤 ≼ 𝐴) → 𝐴 ≈ 𝑤) ↔ ((𝐴 ≼ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≼ 𝐴) → 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵)))
14		vex 3458	. . . . 5 ⊢ 𝑧 ∈ V
15		sseq1 3938	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (𝑦 ⊆ 𝑧 ↔ 𝑥 ⊆ 𝑧))
16		imaeq2 6066	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (𝑓 “ 𝑦) = (𝑓 “ 𝑥))
17	16	difeq2d 4066	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (𝑤 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑦)) = (𝑤 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑥)))
18	17	imaeq2d 6070	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (𝑔 “ (𝑤 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑦))) = (𝑔 “ (𝑤 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑥))))
19		difeq2 4060	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (𝑧 ∖ 𝑦) = (𝑧 ∖ 𝑥))
20	18, 19	sseq12d 3946	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → ((𝑔 “ (𝑤 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑦))) ⊆ (𝑧 ∖ 𝑦) ↔ (𝑔 “ (𝑤 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑥))) ⊆ (𝑧 ∖ 𝑥)))
21	15, 20	anbi12d 644	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → ((𝑦 ⊆ 𝑧 ∧ (𝑔 “ (𝑤 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑦))) ⊆ (𝑧 ∖ 𝑦)) ↔ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝑧 ∧ (𝑔 “ (𝑤 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑥))) ⊆ (𝑧 ∖ 𝑥))))
22	21	cbvabv 2834	. . . . 5 ⊢ {𝑦 ∣ (𝑦 ⊆ 𝑧 ∧ (𝑔 “ (𝑤 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑦))) ⊆ (𝑧 ∖ 𝑦))} = {𝑥 ∣ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝑧 ∧ (𝑔 “ (𝑤 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑥))) ⊆ (𝑧 ∖ 𝑥))}
23		eqid 2763	. . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑓 ↾ ∪ {𝑦 ∣ (𝑦 ⊆ 𝑧 ∧ (𝑔 “ (𝑤 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑦))) ⊆ (𝑧 ∖ 𝑦))}) ∪ (◡𝑔 ↾ (𝑧 ∖ ∪ {𝑦 ∣ (𝑦 ⊆ 𝑧 ∧ (𝑔 “ (𝑤 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑦))) ⊆ (𝑧 ∖ 𝑦))}))) = ((𝑓 ↾ ∪ {𝑦 ∣ (𝑦 ⊆ 𝑧 ∧ (𝑔 “ (𝑤 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑦))) ⊆ (𝑧 ∖ 𝑦))}) ∪ (◡𝑔 ↾ (𝑧 ∖ ∪ {𝑦 ∣ (𝑦 ⊆ 𝑧 ∧ (𝑔 “ (𝑤 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑦))) ⊆ (𝑧 ∖ 𝑦))})))
24		vex 3458	. . . . 5 ⊢ 𝑤 ∈ V
25	14, 22, 23, 24	sbthlem10 9153	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑧 ≼ 𝑤 ∧ 𝑤 ≼ 𝑧) → 𝑧 ≈ 𝑤)
26	8, 13, 25	vtocl2g 3537	. . 3 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ V ∧ 𝐵 ∈ V) → ((𝐴 ≼ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≼ 𝐴) → 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵))
27	2, 3, 26	syl2an 608	. 2 ⊢ ((𝐴 ≼ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≼ 𝐴) → ((𝐴 ≼ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≼ 𝐴) → 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵))
28	27	pm2.43i 53	1 ⊢ ((𝐴 ≼ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≼ 𝐴) → 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵)

This proof depends on syntax axioms:   → wi 4   ∧ wa 401   = wceq 1570   ∈ wcel 2147  {cab 2741  Vcvv 3454   ⊆ wss 3900   ∖ cdif 4048   ∪ cun 4152  ∪ cuni 4872   class class class wbr 5108  ^◡ccnv 5657   ↾ cres 5660   “ cima 5661   ≈ cen 9008   ≼ cdom 9009

This proof depends on axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1828  ax-4 1842  ax-5 1945  ax-6 2002  ax-7 2043  ax-8 2149  ax-9 2157  ax-12 2216  ax-ext 2735  ax-sep 5255  ax-pow 5334  ax-pr 5398  ax-un 7783

This proof depends on definitions:  df-bi 210  df-an 402  df-or 862  df-3an 1105  df-tru 1573  df-fal 1583  df-ex 1813  df-sb 2102  df-mo 2567  df-eu 2597  df-clab 2742  df-cleq 2755  df-clel 2839  df-ral 3081  df-rex 3091  df-rab 3417  df-v 3456  df-ss 3901  df-dif 4050  df-in 4094  df-un 4154  df-nul 4282  df-if 4486  df-pw 4562  df-sn 4589  df-pr 4591  df-op 4841  df-uni 4873  df-br 5109  df-opab 5174  df-id 5553  df-xp 5664  df-rel 5665  df-cnv 5666  df-co 5667  df-dm 5668  df-rn 5669  df-res 5670  df-ima 5671  df-fun 6568  df-fn 6569  df-f 6570  df-f1 6571  df-fo 6572  df-f1o 6573  df-en 9012  df-dom 9013

This theorem is used by:  sbthb  9155  sdomnsym  9159  domtriord  9180  xpen  9197  limenpsi  9209  unbnn  9326  infxpenlem  10131  fseqen  10145  infpwfien  10180  inffien  10181  alephdom  10199  mappwen  10230  infdjuabs  10322  infunabs  10323  infdju  10324  infdif  10325  infxpabs  10328  infmap2  10334  gchaleph  10795  gchhar  10803  inttsk  10898  inar1  10899  znnen  16424  qnnen  16425  rpnnen  16439  rexpen  16440  mreexfidimd  17874  acsinfdimd  18782  fislw  19890  opnreen  25206  ovolctb2  25868  vitali  25989  aannenlem3  26714  basellem4  27468  lgsqrlem4  27733  upgrex  29727  weexenwe  35889  iccioo01  38518  ctbssinf  38597  phpreu  38795  poimirlem26  38832  pellexlem4  44105  pellexlem5  44106  idomsubgmo  44456