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Theorem bwth 22557
Description: The glorious Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem. The first general topology theorem ever proved. The first mention of this theorem can be found in a course by Weierstrass from 1865. In his course Weierstrass called it a lemma. He didn't know how famous this theorem would be. He used a Euclidean space instead of a general compact space. And he was not aware of the Heine-Borel property. But the concepts of neighborhood and limit point were already there although not precisely defined. Cantor was one of his students. He published and used the theorem in an article from 1872. The rest of the general topology followed from that. (Contributed by FL, 2-Aug-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Dec-2013.) Revised by BL to significantly shorten the proof and avoid infinity, regularity, and choice. (Revised by Brendan Leahy, 26-Dec-2018.)
Hypothesis
Ref Expression
bwt2.1 𝑋 = 𝐽
Assertion
Ref Expression
bwth ((𝐽 ∈ Comp ∧ 𝐴𝑋 ∧ ¬ 𝐴 ∈ Fin) → ∃𝑥𝑋 𝑥 ∈ ((limPt‘𝐽)‘𝐴))
Distinct variable groups:   𝑥,𝐴   𝑥,𝐽   𝑥,𝑋

Proof of Theorem bwth
Dummy variables 𝑜 𝑏 𝑧 are mutually distinct and distinct from all other variables.
StepHypRef Expression
1 pm3.24 403 . . . . . . 7 ¬ ((𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin ∧ ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin)
21a1i 11 . . . . . 6 (𝑏𝑧 → ¬ ((𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin ∧ ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin))
32nrex 3199 . . . . 5 ¬ ∃𝑏𝑧 ((𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin ∧ ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin)
4 r19.29 3186 . . . . 5 ((∀𝑏𝑧 (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin ∧ ∃𝑏𝑧 ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin) → ∃𝑏𝑧 ((𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin ∧ ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin))
53, 4mto 196 . . . 4 ¬ (∀𝑏𝑧 (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin ∧ ∃𝑏𝑧 ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin)
65a1i 11 . . 3 (𝑧 ∈ (𝒫 𝐽 ∩ Fin) → ¬ (∀𝑏𝑧 (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin ∧ ∃𝑏𝑧 ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin))
76nrex 3199 . 2 ¬ ∃𝑧 ∈ (𝒫 𝐽 ∩ Fin)(∀𝑏𝑧 (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin ∧ ∃𝑏𝑧 ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin)
8 ralnex 3166 . . . . . 6 (∀𝑥𝑋 ¬ 𝑥 ∈ ((limPt‘𝐽)‘𝐴) ↔ ¬ ∃𝑥𝑋 𝑥 ∈ ((limPt‘𝐽)‘𝐴))
9 cmptop 22542 . . . . . . 7 (𝐽 ∈ Comp → 𝐽 ∈ Top)
10 bwt2.1 . . . . . . . . . . 11 𝑋 = 𝐽
1110islp3 22293 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐽 ∈ Top ∧ 𝐴𝑋𝑥𝑋) → (𝑥 ∈ ((limPt‘𝐽)‘𝐴) ↔ ∀𝑏𝐽 (𝑥𝑏 → (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})) ≠ ∅)))
12113expa 1117 . . . . . . . . 9 (((𝐽 ∈ Top ∧ 𝐴𝑋) ∧ 𝑥𝑋) → (𝑥 ∈ ((limPt‘𝐽)‘𝐴) ↔ ∀𝑏𝐽 (𝑥𝑏 → (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})) ≠ ∅)))
1312notbid 318 . . . . . . . 8 (((𝐽 ∈ Top ∧ 𝐴𝑋) ∧ 𝑥𝑋) → (¬ 𝑥 ∈ ((limPt‘𝐽)‘𝐴) ↔ ¬ ∀𝑏𝐽 (𝑥𝑏 → (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})) ≠ ∅)))
1413ralbidva 3122 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐽 ∈ Top ∧ 𝐴𝑋) → (∀𝑥𝑋 ¬ 𝑥 ∈ ((limPt‘𝐽)‘𝐴) ↔ ∀𝑥𝑋 ¬ ∀𝑏𝐽 (𝑥𝑏 → (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})) ≠ ∅)))
159, 14sylan 580 . . . . . 6 ((𝐽 ∈ Comp ∧ 𝐴𝑋) → (∀𝑥𝑋 ¬ 𝑥 ∈ ((limPt‘𝐽)‘𝐴) ↔ ∀𝑥𝑋 ¬ ∀𝑏𝐽 (𝑥𝑏 → (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})) ≠ ∅)))
168, 15bitr3id 285 . . . . 5 ((𝐽 ∈ Comp ∧ 𝐴𝑋) → (¬ ∃𝑥𝑋 𝑥 ∈ ((limPt‘𝐽)‘𝐴) ↔ ∀𝑥𝑋 ¬ ∀𝑏𝐽 (𝑥𝑏 → (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})) ≠ ∅)))
17 rexanali 3194 . . . . . . . . 9 (∃𝑏𝐽 (𝑥𝑏 ∧ ¬ (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})) ≠ ∅) ↔ ¬ ∀𝑏𝐽 (𝑥𝑏 → (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})) ≠ ∅))
18 nne 2949 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 (¬ (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})) ≠ ∅ ↔ (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})) = ∅)
19 vex 3435 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 𝑥 ∈ V
20 sneq 4577 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 (𝑜 = 𝑥 → {𝑜} = {𝑥})
2120difeq2d 4062 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 (𝑜 = 𝑥 → (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜}) = (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥}))
2221ineq2d 4152 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 (𝑜 = 𝑥 → (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})))
2322eqeq1d 2742 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 (𝑜 = 𝑥 → ((𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅ ↔ (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})) = ∅))
2419, 23spcev 3544 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ((𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})) = ∅ → ∃𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅)
2518, 24sylbi 216 . . . . . . . . . . 11 (¬ (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})) ≠ ∅ → ∃𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅)
2625anim2i 617 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝑥𝑏 ∧ ¬ (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})) ≠ ∅) → (𝑥𝑏 ∧ ∃𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅))
2726reximi 3177 . . . . . . . . 9 (∃𝑏𝐽 (𝑥𝑏 ∧ ¬ (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})) ≠ ∅) → ∃𝑏𝐽 (𝑥𝑏 ∧ ∃𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅))
2817, 27sylbir 234 . . . . . . . 8 (¬ ∀𝑏𝐽 (𝑥𝑏 → (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})) ≠ ∅) → ∃𝑏𝐽 (𝑥𝑏 ∧ ∃𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅))
2928ralimi 3089 . . . . . . 7 (∀𝑥𝑋 ¬ ∀𝑏𝐽 (𝑥𝑏 → (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})) ≠ ∅) → ∀𝑥𝑋𝑏𝐽 (𝑥𝑏 ∧ ∃𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅))
3010cmpcov2 22537 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐽 ∈ Comp ∧ ∀𝑥𝑋𝑏𝐽 (𝑥𝑏 ∧ ∃𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅)) → ∃𝑧 ∈ (𝒫 𝐽 ∩ Fin)(𝑋 = 𝑧 ∧ ∀𝑏𝑧𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅))
3130ex 413 . . . . . . 7 (𝐽 ∈ Comp → (∀𝑥𝑋𝑏𝐽 (𝑥𝑏 ∧ ∃𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅) → ∃𝑧 ∈ (𝒫 𝐽 ∩ Fin)(𝑋 = 𝑧 ∧ ∀𝑏𝑧𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅)))
3229, 31syl5 34 . . . . . 6 (𝐽 ∈ Comp → (∀𝑥𝑋 ¬ ∀𝑏𝐽 (𝑥𝑏 → (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})) ≠ ∅) → ∃𝑧 ∈ (𝒫 𝐽 ∩ Fin)(𝑋 = 𝑧 ∧ ∀𝑏𝑧𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅)))
3332adantr 481 . . . . 5 ((𝐽 ∈ Comp ∧ 𝐴𝑋) → (∀𝑥𝑋 ¬ ∀𝑏𝐽 (𝑥𝑏 → (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})) ≠ ∅) → ∃𝑧 ∈ (𝒫 𝐽 ∩ Fin)(𝑋 = 𝑧 ∧ ∀𝑏𝑧𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅)))
3416, 33sylbid 239 . . . 4 ((𝐽 ∈ Comp ∧ 𝐴𝑋) → (¬ ∃𝑥𝑋 𝑥 ∈ ((limPt‘𝐽)‘𝐴) → ∃𝑧 ∈ (𝒫 𝐽 ∩ Fin)(𝑋 = 𝑧 ∧ ∀𝑏𝑧𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅)))
35343adant3 1131 . . 3 ((𝐽 ∈ Comp ∧ 𝐴𝑋 ∧ ¬ 𝐴 ∈ Fin) → (¬ ∃𝑥𝑋 𝑥 ∈ ((limPt‘𝐽)‘𝐴) → ∃𝑧 ∈ (𝒫 𝐽 ∩ Fin)(𝑋 = 𝑧 ∧ ∀𝑏𝑧𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅)))
36 elinel2 4135 . . . . . . . 8 (𝑧 ∈ (𝒫 𝐽 ∩ Fin) → 𝑧 ∈ Fin)
37 sseq2 3952 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 (𝑋 = 𝑧 → (𝐴𝑋𝐴 𝑧))
3837biimpac 479 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ((𝐴𝑋𝑋 = 𝑧) → 𝐴 𝑧)
39 infssuni 9086 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ((¬ 𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑧 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐴 𝑧) → ∃𝑏𝑧 ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin)
40393expa 1117 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 (((¬ 𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑧 ∈ Fin) ∧ 𝐴 𝑧) → ∃𝑏𝑧 ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin)
4140ancoms 459 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ((𝐴 𝑧 ∧ (¬ 𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑧 ∈ Fin)) → ∃𝑏𝑧 ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin)
4238, 41sylan 580 . . . . . . . . . 10 (((𝐴𝑋𝑋 = 𝑧) ∧ (¬ 𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑧 ∈ Fin)) → ∃𝑏𝑧 ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin)
4342an42s 658 . . . . . . . . 9 (((𝐴𝑋 ∧ ¬ 𝐴 ∈ Fin) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 = 𝑧)) → ∃𝑏𝑧 ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin)
4443anassrs 468 . . . . . . . 8 ((((𝐴𝑋 ∧ ¬ 𝐴 ∈ Fin) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ Fin) ∧ 𝑋 = 𝑧) → ∃𝑏𝑧 ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin)
4536, 44sylanl2 678 . . . . . . 7 ((((𝐴𝑋 ∧ ¬ 𝐴 ∈ Fin) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ (𝒫 𝐽 ∩ Fin)) ∧ 𝑋 = 𝑧) → ∃𝑏𝑧 ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin)
46 0fin 8934 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ∅ ∈ Fin
47 eleq1 2828 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ((𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅ → ((𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) ∈ Fin ↔ ∅ ∈ Fin))
4846, 47mpbiri 257 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ((𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅ → (𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) ∈ Fin)
49 snfi 8815 . . . . . . . . . . 11 {𝑜} ∈ Fin
50 unfi 8935 . . . . . . . . . . 11 (((𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) ∈ Fin ∧ {𝑜} ∈ Fin) → ((𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) ∪ {𝑜}) ∈ Fin)
5148, 49, 50sylancl 586 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅ → ((𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) ∪ {𝑜}) ∈ Fin)
52 ssun1 4111 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 𝑏 ⊆ (𝑏 ∪ {𝑜})
53 ssun1 4111 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 𝐴 ⊆ (𝐴 ∪ {𝑜})
54 undif1 4415 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ((𝐴 ∖ {𝑜}) ∪ {𝑜}) = (𝐴 ∪ {𝑜})
5553, 54sseqtrri 3963 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 𝐴 ⊆ ((𝐴 ∖ {𝑜}) ∪ {𝑜})
56 ss2in 4176 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ((𝑏 ⊆ (𝑏 ∪ {𝑜}) ∧ 𝐴 ⊆ ((𝐴 ∖ {𝑜}) ∪ {𝑜})) → (𝑏𝐴) ⊆ ((𝑏 ∪ {𝑜}) ∩ ((𝐴 ∖ {𝑜}) ∪ {𝑜})))
5752, 55, 56mp2an 689 . . . . . . . . . . 11 (𝑏𝐴) ⊆ ((𝑏 ∪ {𝑜}) ∩ ((𝐴 ∖ {𝑜}) ∪ {𝑜}))
58 incom 4140 . . . . . . . . . . 11 (𝐴𝑏) = (𝑏𝐴)
59 undir 4216 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ((𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) ∪ {𝑜}) = ((𝑏 ∪ {𝑜}) ∩ ((𝐴 ∖ {𝑜}) ∪ {𝑜}))
6057, 58, 593sstr4i 3969 . . . . . . . . . 10 (𝐴𝑏) ⊆ ((𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) ∪ {𝑜})
61 ssfi 8936 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((((𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) ∪ {𝑜}) ∈ Fin ∧ (𝐴𝑏) ⊆ ((𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) ∪ {𝑜})) → (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin)
6251, 60, 61sylancl 586 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅ → (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin)
6362exlimiv 1937 . . . . . . . 8 (∃𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅ → (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin)
6463ralimi 3089 . . . . . . 7 (∀𝑏𝑧𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅ → ∀𝑏𝑧 (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin)
6545, 64anim12ci 614 . . . . . 6 (((((𝐴𝑋 ∧ ¬ 𝐴 ∈ Fin) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ (𝒫 𝐽 ∩ Fin)) ∧ 𝑋 = 𝑧) ∧ ∀𝑏𝑧𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅) → (∀𝑏𝑧 (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin ∧ ∃𝑏𝑧 ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin))
6665expl 458 . . . . 5 (((𝐴𝑋 ∧ ¬ 𝐴 ∈ Fin) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ (𝒫 𝐽 ∩ Fin)) → ((𝑋 = 𝑧 ∧ ∀𝑏𝑧𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅) → (∀𝑏𝑧 (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin ∧ ∃𝑏𝑧 ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin)))
6766reximdva 3205 . . . 4 ((𝐴𝑋 ∧ ¬ 𝐴 ∈ Fin) → (∃𝑧 ∈ (𝒫 𝐽 ∩ Fin)(𝑋 = 𝑧 ∧ ∀𝑏𝑧𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅) → ∃𝑧 ∈ (𝒫 𝐽 ∩ Fin)(∀𝑏𝑧 (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin ∧ ∃𝑏𝑧 ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin)))
68673adant1 1129 . . 3 ((𝐽 ∈ Comp ∧ 𝐴𝑋 ∧ ¬ 𝐴 ∈ Fin) → (∃𝑧 ∈ (𝒫 𝐽 ∩ Fin)(𝑋 = 𝑧 ∧ ∀𝑏𝑧𝑜(𝑏 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑜})) = ∅) → ∃𝑧 ∈ (𝒫 𝐽 ∩ Fin)(∀𝑏𝑧 (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin ∧ ∃𝑏𝑧 ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin)))
6935, 68syld 47 . 2 ((𝐽 ∈ Comp ∧ 𝐴𝑋 ∧ ¬ 𝐴 ∈ Fin) → (¬ ∃𝑥𝑋 𝑥 ∈ ((limPt‘𝐽)‘𝐴) → ∃𝑧 ∈ (𝒫 𝐽 ∩ Fin)(∀𝑏𝑧 (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin ∧ ∃𝑏𝑧 ¬ (𝐴𝑏) ∈ Fin)))
707, 69mt3i 149 1 ((𝐽 ∈ Comp ∧ 𝐴𝑋 ∧ ¬ 𝐴 ∈ Fin) → ∃𝑥𝑋 𝑥 ∈ ((limPt‘𝐽)‘𝐴))
Colors of variables: wff setvar class
Syntax hints:  ¬ wn 3  wi 4  wb 205  wa 396  w3a 1086   = wceq 1542  wex 1786  wcel 2110  wne 2945  wral 3066  wrex 3067  cdif 3889  cun 3890  cin 3891  wss 3892  c0 4262  𝒫 cpw 4539  {csn 4567   cuni 4845  cfv 6431  Fincfn 8714  Topctop 22038  limPtclp 22281  Compccmp 22533
This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1802  ax-4 1816  ax-5 1917  ax-6 1975  ax-7 2015  ax-8 2112  ax-9 2120  ax-10 2141  ax-11 2158  ax-12 2175  ax-ext 2711  ax-rep 5214  ax-sep 5227  ax-nul 5234  ax-pow 5292  ax-pr 5356  ax-un 7580
This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 206  df-an 397  df-or 845  df-3or 1087  df-3an 1088  df-tru 1545  df-fal 1555  df-ex 1787  df-nf 1791  df-sb 2072  df-mo 2542  df-eu 2571  df-clab 2718  df-cleq 2732  df-clel 2818  df-nfc 2891  df-ne 2946  df-ral 3071  df-rex 3072  df-reu 3073  df-rab 3075  df-v 3433  df-sbc 3721  df-csb 3838  df-dif 3895  df-un 3897  df-in 3899  df-ss 3909  df-pss 3911  df-nul 4263  df-if 4466  df-pw 4541  df-sn 4568  df-pr 4570  df-op 4574  df-uni 4846  df-int 4886  df-iun 4932  df-iin 4933  df-br 5080  df-opab 5142  df-mpt 5163  df-tr 5197  df-id 5489  df-eprel 5495  df-po 5503  df-so 5504  df-fr 5544  df-we 5546  df-xp 5595  df-rel 5596  df-cnv 5597  df-co 5598  df-dm 5599  df-rn 5600  df-res 5601  df-ima 5602  df-ord 6267  df-on 6268  df-lim 6269  df-suc 6270  df-iota 6389  df-fun 6433  df-fn 6434  df-f 6435  df-f1 6436  df-fo 6437  df-f1o 6438  df-fv 6439  df-om 7705  df-1o 8286  df-en 8715  df-fin 8718  df-top 22039  df-cld 22166  df-ntr 22167  df-cls 22168  df-lp 22283  df-cmp 22534
This theorem is referenced by:  poimirlem30  35801  fourierdlem42  43659
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