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| Mirrors > Home > ILE Home > Th. List > cvgratnn | GIF version | ||
| Description: Ratio test for convergence of a complex infinite series. If the ratio 𝐴 of the absolute values of successive terms in an infinite sequence 𝐹 is less than 1 for all terms, then the infinite sum of the terms of 𝐹 converges to a complex number. Although this theorem is similar to cvgratz 12323 and cvgratgt0 12324, the decision to index starting at one is not merely cosmetic, as proving convergence using climcvg1n 12140 is sensitive to how a sequence is indexed. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-2005.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 12-Nov-2022.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| cvgratnn.3 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ) |
| cvgratnn.4 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 1) |
| cvgratnn.gt0 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 < 𝐴) |
| cvgratnn.6 | ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ) |
| cvgratnn.7 | ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (abs‘(𝐹‘(𝑘 + 1))) ≤ (𝐴 · (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑘)))) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| cvgratnn | ⊢ (𝜑 → seq1( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ ) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | nnuz 9973 | . . 3 ⊢ ℕ = (ℤ≥‘1) | |
| 2 | 1zzd 9680 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 3 | cvgratnn.6 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ) | |
| 4 | 1, 2, 3 | serf 10940 | . 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → seq1( + , 𝐹):ℕ⟶ℂ) |
| 5 | cvgratnn.3 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ) | |
| 6 | cvgratnn.gt0 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 < 𝐴) | |
| 7 | 5, 6 | elrpd 10110 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+) |
| 8 | 7 | rprecred 10125 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝜑 → (1 / 𝐴) ∈ ℝ) |
| 9 | 1red 8347 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 ∈ ℝ) | |
| 10 | 8, 9 | resubcld 8715 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((1 / 𝐴) − 1) ∈ ℝ) |
| 11 | cvgratnn.4 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 1) | |
| 12 | 7 | reclt1d 10127 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 < 1 ↔ 1 < (1 / 𝐴))) |
| 13 | 11, 12 | mpbid 147 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 < (1 / 𝐴)) |
| 14 | 9, 8 | posdifd 8867 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝜑 → (1 < (1 / 𝐴) ↔ 0 < ((1 / 𝐴) − 1))) |
| 15 | 13, 14 | mpbid 147 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 < ((1 / 𝐴) − 1)) |
| 16 | 10, 15 | elrpd 10110 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((1 / 𝐴) − 1) ∈ ℝ+) |
| 17 | 16 | rpreccld 10124 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝜑 → (1 / ((1 / 𝐴) − 1)) ∈ ℝ+) |
| 18 | 17, 7 | rpdivcld 10131 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((1 / ((1 / 𝐴) − 1)) / 𝐴) ∈ ℝ+) |
| 19 | fveq2 5698 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑘 = 1 → (𝐹‘𝑘) = (𝐹‘1)) | |
| 20 | 19 | eleq1d 2307 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑘 = 1 → ((𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ ↔ (𝐹‘1) ∈ ℂ)) |
| 21 | 3 | ralrimiva 2623 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑘 ∈ ℕ (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ) |
| 22 | 1nn 9324 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ 1 ∈ ℕ | |
| 23 | 22 | a1i 9 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 ∈ ℕ) |
| 24 | 20, 21, 23 | rspcdva 2934 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹‘1) ∈ ℂ) |
| 25 | 24 | abscld 11969 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝜑 → (abs‘(𝐹‘1)) ∈ ℝ) |
| 26 | 24 | absge0d 11972 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘1))) |
| 27 | 25, 26 | ge0p1rpd 10144 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((abs‘(𝐹‘1)) + 1) ∈ ℝ+) |
| 28 | 18, 27 | rpmulcld 10130 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → (((1 / ((1 / 𝐴) − 1)) / 𝐴) · ((abs‘(𝐹‘1)) + 1)) ∈ ℝ+) |
| 29 | 9, 5 | resubcld 8715 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝜑 → (1 − 𝐴) ∈ ℝ) |
| 30 | 5, 9 | posdifd 8867 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 < 1 ↔ 0 < (1 − 𝐴))) |
| 31 | 11, 30 | mpbid 147 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 < (1 − 𝐴)) |
| 32 | 29, 31 | elrpd 10110 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝜑 → (1 − 𝐴) ∈ ℝ+) |
| 33 | 7, 32 | rpdivcld 10131 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 / (1 − 𝐴)) ∈ ℝ+) |
| 34 | 28, 33 | rpmulcld 10130 | . 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((((1 / ((1 / 𝐴) − 1)) / 𝐴) · ((abs‘(𝐹‘1)) + 1)) · (𝐴 / (1 − 𝐴))) ∈ ℝ+) |
| 35 | 5 | adantr 276 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑚))) → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ) |
| 36 | 11 | adantr 276 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑚))) → 𝐴 < 1) |
| 37 | 6 | adantr 276 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑚))) → 0 < 𝐴) |
| 38 | 3 | adantlr 481 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑚))) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ) |
| 39 | cvgratnn.7 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (abs‘(𝐹‘(𝑘 + 1))) ≤ (𝐴 · (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑘)))) | |
| 40 | 39 | adantlr 481 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑚))) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (abs‘(𝐹‘(𝑘 + 1))) ≤ (𝐴 · (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑘)))) |
| 41 | simprl 535 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑚))) → 𝑚 ∈ ℕ) | |
| 42 | simprr 537 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑚))) → 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑚)) | |
| 43 | 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42 | cvgratnnlemrate 12321 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑚))) → (abs‘((seq1( + , 𝐹)‘𝑛) − (seq1( + , 𝐹)‘𝑚))) < (((((1 / ((1 / 𝐴) − 1)) / 𝐴) · ((abs‘(𝐹‘1)) + 1)) · (𝐴 / (1 − 𝐴))) / 𝑚)) |
| 44 | 43 | ralrimivva 2632 | . 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∀𝑛 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑚)(abs‘((seq1( + , 𝐹)‘𝑛) − (seq1( + , 𝐹)‘𝑚))) < (((((1 / ((1 / 𝐴) − 1)) / 𝐴) · ((abs‘(𝐹‘1)) + 1)) · (𝐴 / (1 − 𝐴))) / 𝑚)) |
| 45 | 4, 34, 44 | climcvg1n 12140 | 1 ⊢ (𝜑 → seq1( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ ) |
| Colors of variables: wff set class |
| This proof depends on syntax axioms: → wi 4 ∧ wa 104 = wceq 1402 ∈ wcel 2209 class class class wbr 4131 dom cdm 4776 ‘cfv 5380 (class class class)co 6088 ℂcc 8183 ℝcr 8184 0cc0 8185 1c1 8186 + caddc 8188 · cmul 8190 < clt 8366 ≤ cle 8367 − cmin 8504 / cdiv 9010 ℕcn 9313 ℤ≥cuz 9936 seqcseq 10904 abscabs 11784 ⇝ cli 12068 |
| This proof depends on axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-ia1 106 ax-ia2 107 ax-ia3 108 ax-in1 623 ax-in2 624 ax-io 721 ax-5 1500 ax-7 1501 ax-gen 1502 ax-ie1 1546 ax-ie2 1547 ax-8 1557 ax-10 1558 ax-11 1559 ax-i12 1560 ax-bndl 1562 ax-4 1563 ax-17 1579 ax-i9 1583 ax-ial 1587 ax-i5r 1588 ax-14 2212 ax-ext 2220 ax-coll 4248 ax-sep 4251 ax-nul 4261 ax-pow 4313 ax-pr 4348 ax-un 4580 ax-setind 4686 ax-iinf 4737 ax-cnex 8276 ax-resscn 8277 ax-1cn 8278 ax-1re 8279 ax-icn 8280 ax-addcl 8281 ax-addrcl 8282 ax-mulcl 8283 ax-mulrcl 8284 ax-addcom 8285 ax-mulcom 8286 ax-addass 8287 ax-mulass 8288 ax-distr 8289 ax-i2m1 8290 ax-0lt1 8291 ax-1rid 8292 ax-0id 8293 ax-rnegex 8294 ax-precex 8295 ax-cnre 8296 ax-pre-ltirr 8297 ax-pre-ltwlin 8298 ax-pre-lttrn 8299 ax-pre-apti 8300 ax-pre-ltadd 8301 ax-pre-mulgt0 8302 ax-pre-mulext 8303 ax-arch 8304 ax-caucvg 8305 |
| This proof depends on definitions: df-bi 117 df-dc 847 df-3or 1010 df-3an 1011 df-tru 1405 df-fal 1408 df-nf 1514 df-sb 1816 df-eu 2089 df-mo 2090 df-clab 2225 df-cleq 2231 df-clel 2234 df-nfc 2381 df-ne 2421 df-nel 2516 df-ral 2533 df-rex 2534 df-reu 2535 df-rmo 2536 df-rab 2537 df-v 2823 df-sbc 3052 df-csb 3148 df-dif 3222 df-un 3224 df-in 3226 df-ss 3233 df-nul 3521 df-if 3639 df-pw 3690 df-sn 3715 df-pr 3716 df-op 3718 df-uni 3936 df-int 3971 df-iun 4014 df-br 4132 df-opab 4194 df-mpt 4195 df-tr 4232 df-id 4440 df-po 4443 df-iso 4444 df-iord 4513 df-on 4515 df-ilim 4516 df-suc 4518 df-iom 4740 df-xp 4782 df-rel 4783 df-cnv 4784 df-co 4785 df-dm 4786 df-rn 4787 df-res 4788 df-ima 4789 df-iota 5340 df-fun 5382 df-fn 5383 df-f 5384 df-f1 5385 df-fo 5386 df-f1o 5387 df-fv 5388 df-isom 5389 df-riota 6041 df-ov 6091 df-oprab 6092 df-mpo 6093 df-1st 6378 df-2nd 6379 df-recs 6581 df-irdg 6646 df-frec 6667 df-1o 6692 df-oadd 6696 df-er 6812 df-en 7029 df-dom 7030 df-fin 7031 df-pnf 8368 df-mnf 8369 df-xr 8370 df-ltxr 8371 df-le 8372 df-sub 8506 df-neg 8507 df-reap 8911 df-ap 8918 df-div 9011 df-inn 9314 df-2 9372 df-3 9373 df-4 9374 df-n0 9575 df-z 9654 df-uz 9937 df-q 10035 df-rp 10071 df-ico 10312 df-fz 10428 df-fzo 10566 df-seqfrec 10905 df-exp 10996 df-ihash 11236 df-cj 11628 df-re 11629 df-im 11630 df-rsqrt 11785 df-abs 11786 df-clim 12069 df-sumdc 12144 |
| This theorem is used by: cvgratz 12323 |
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