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| Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > Mathboxes > altgsumbc | Structured version Visualization version GIF version | ||
| Description: The sum of binomial coefficients for a fixed positive 𝑁 with alternating signs is zero. Notice that this is not valid for 𝑁 = 0 (since ((-1↑0) · (0C0)) = (1 · 1) = 1). For a proof using Pascal's rule (bcpascm1 49282) instead of the binomial theorem (binom 15920), see altgsumbcALT 49284. (Contributed by AV, 13-Sep-2019.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| altgsumbc | ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘)) = 0) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1cnd 11227 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 1 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 2 | negid 11530 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (1 ∈ ℂ → (1 + -1) = 0) | |
| 3 | 2 | eqcomd 2766 | . . . 4 ⊢ (1 ∈ ℂ → 0 = (1 + -1)) |
| 4 | 1, 3 | syl 18 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 0 = (1 + -1)) |
| 5 | 4 | oveq1d 7429 | . 2 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → (0↑𝑁) = ((1 + -1)↑𝑁)) |
| 6 | 0exp 14162 | . 2 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → (0↑𝑁) = 0) | |
| 7 | 1 | negcld 11581 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → -1 ∈ ℂ) |
| 8 | nnnn0 12536 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 9 | binom 15920 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((1 ∈ ℂ ∧ -1 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) → ((1 + -1)↑𝑁) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)))) | |
| 10 | 1, 7, 8, 9 | syl3anc 1398 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → ((1 + -1)↑𝑁) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)))) |
| 11 | nnz 12637 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 12 | elfzelz 13579 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁) → 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 13 | zsubcl 12661 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑁 − 𝑘) ∈ ℤ) | |
| 14 | 11, 12, 13 | syl2an 608 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (𝑁 − 𝑘) ∈ ℤ) |
| 15 | 1exp 14156 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝑁 − 𝑘) ∈ ℤ → (1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) = 1) | |
| 16 | 14, 15 | syl 18 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) = 1) |
| 17 | 16 | oveq1d 7429 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)) = (1 · (-1↑𝑘))) |
| 18 | neg1cn 12228 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ -1 ∈ ℂ | |
| 19 | 18 | a1i 11 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → -1 ∈ ℂ) |
| 20 | elfznn0 13676 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁) → 𝑘 ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 21 | expcl 14144 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((-1 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ0) → (-1↑𝑘) ∈ ℂ) | |
| 22 | 19, 20, 21 | syl2an 608 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (-1↑𝑘) ∈ ℂ) |
| 23 | 22 | mullidd 11252 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (1 · (-1↑𝑘)) = (-1↑𝑘)) |
| 24 | 17, 23 | eqtrd 2795 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)) = (-1↑𝑘)) |
| 25 | 24 | oveq2d 7430 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘))) = ((𝑁C𝑘) · (-1↑𝑘))) |
| 26 | bccl 14387 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑁C𝑘) ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 27 | 8, 12, 26 | syl2an 608 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (𝑁C𝑘) ∈ ℕ0) |
| 28 | 27 | nn0cnd 12592 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (𝑁C𝑘) ∈ ℂ) |
| 29 | 28, 22 | mulcomd 11255 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((𝑁C𝑘) · (-1↑𝑘)) = ((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 30 | 25, 29 | eqtrd 2795 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘))) = ((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 31 | 30 | sumeq2dv 15790 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘))) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 32 | 10, 31 | eqtrd 2795 | . 2 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → ((1 + -1)↑𝑁) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 33 | 5, 6, 32 | 3eqtr3rd 2804 | 1 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘)) = 0) |
| Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
| This proof depends on syntax axioms: → wi 4 ∧ wa 401 = wceq 1570 ∈ wcel 2145 (class class class)co 7414 ℂcc 11123 0cc0 11125 1c1 11126 + caddc 11128 · cmul 11130 − cmin 11466 -cneg 11467 ℕcn 12258 ℕ0cn0 12529 ℤcz 12616 ...cfz 13562 ↑cexp 14126 Ccbc 14367 Σcsu 15774 |
| This proof depends on axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1828 ax-4 1842 ax-5 1943 ax-6 2000 ax-7 2041 ax-8 2147 ax-9 2155 ax-10 2178 ax-11 2194 ax-12 2213 ax-ext 2732 ax-rep 5232 ax-sep 5251 ax-nul 5263 ax-pow 5330 ax-pr 5398 ax-un 7737 ax-inf2 9621 ax-cnex 11181 ax-resscn 11182 ax-1cn 11183 ax-icn 11184 ax-addcl 11185 ax-addrcl 11186 ax-mulcl 11187 ax-mulrcl 11188 ax-mulcom 11189 ax-addass 11190 ax-mulass 11191 ax-distr 11192 ax-i2m1 11193 ax-1ne0 11194 ax-1rid 11195 ax-rnegex 11196 ax-rrecex 11197 ax-cnre 11198 ax-pre-lttri 11199 ax-pre-lttrn 11200 ax-pre-ltadd 11201 ax-pre-mulgt0 11202 ax-pre-sup 11203 |
| This proof depends on definitions: df-bi 210 df-an 402 df-or 862 df-3or 1104 df-3an 1105 df-tru 1573 df-fal 1583 df-ex 1813 df-nf 1817 df-sb 2100 df-mo 2564 df-eu 2594 df-clab 2739 df-cleq 2752 df-clel 2835 df-nfc 2909 df-ne 2956 df-nel 3062 df-ral 3077 df-rex 3087 df-rmo 3365 df-reu 3366 df-rab 3413 df-v 3452 df-sbc 3740 df-csb 3848 df-dif 3902 df-un 3904 df-in 3906 df-ss 3916 df-pss 3919 df-nul 4280 df-if 4483 df-pw 4559 df-sn 4585 df-pr 4587 df-op 4591 df-uni 4868 df-int 4908 df-iun 4953 df-br 5104 df-opab 5168 df-mpt 5187 df-tr 5213 df-id 5550 df-eprel 5555 df-po 5563 df-so 5564 df-fr 5608 df-se 5609 df-we 5610 df-xp 5661 df-rel 5662 df-cnv 5663 df-co 5664 df-dm 5665 df-rn 5666 df-res 5667 df-ima 5668 df-pred 6299 df-ord 6360 df-on 6361 df-lim 6362 df-suc 6363 df-iota 6489 df-fun 6535 df-fn 6536 df-f 6537 df-f1 6538 df-fo 6539 df-f1o 6540 df-fv 6541 df-isom 6542 df-riota 7371 df-ov 7417 df-oprab 7418 df-mpo 7419 df-om 7864 df-1st 7987 df-2nd 7988 df-frecs 8281 df-wrecs 8312 df-recs 8361 df-rdg 8400 df-1o 8456 df-er 8697 df-en 8954 df-dom 8955 df-sdom 8956 df-fin 8957 df-sup 9413 df-oi 9483 df-card 9945 df-pnf 11270 df-mnf 11271 df-xr 11272 df-ltxr 11273 df-le 11274 df-sub 11468 df-neg 11469 df-div 11897 df-nn 12259 df-2 12328 df-3 12329 df-n0 12530 df-z 12617 df-uz 12889 df-rp 13044 df-fz 13563 df-fzo 13711 df-seq 14067 df-exp 14127 df-fac 14339 df-bc 14368 df-hash 14396 df-cj 15187 df-re 15188 df-im 15189 df-sqrt 15323 df-abs 15324 df-clim 15576 df-sum 15775 |
| This theorem is used by: (None) |
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