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| Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > Mathboxes > altgsumbc | Structured version Visualization version GIF version | ||
| Description: The sum of binomial coefficients for a fixed positive 𝑁 with alternating signs is zero. Notice that this is not valid for 𝑁 = 0 (since ((-1↑0) · (0C0)) = (1 · 1) = 1). For a proof using Pascal's rule (bcpascm1 48842) instead of the binomial theorem (binom 15789), see altgsumbcALT 48844. (Contributed by AV, 13-Sep-2019.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| altgsumbc | ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘)) = 0) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1cnd 11133 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 1 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 2 | negid 11435 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (1 ∈ ℂ → (1 + -1) = 0) | |
| 3 | 2 | eqcomd 2743 | . . . 4 ⊢ (1 ∈ ℂ → 0 = (1 + -1)) |
| 4 | 1, 3 | syl 17 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 0 = (1 + -1)) |
| 5 | 4 | oveq1d 7376 | . 2 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → (0↑𝑁) = ((1 + -1)↑𝑁)) |
| 6 | 0exp 14053 | . 2 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → (0↑𝑁) = 0) | |
| 7 | 1 | negcld 11486 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → -1 ∈ ℂ) |
| 8 | nnnn0 12438 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 9 | binom 15789 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((1 ∈ ℂ ∧ -1 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) → ((1 + -1)↑𝑁) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)))) | |
| 10 | 1, 7, 8, 9 | syl3anc 1374 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → ((1 + -1)↑𝑁) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)))) |
| 11 | nnz 12539 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 12 | elfzelz 13472 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁) → 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 13 | zsubcl 12563 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑁 − 𝑘) ∈ ℤ) | |
| 14 | 11, 12, 13 | syl2an 597 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (𝑁 − 𝑘) ∈ ℤ) |
| 15 | 1exp 14047 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝑁 − 𝑘) ∈ ℤ → (1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) = 1) | |
| 16 | 14, 15 | syl 17 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) = 1) |
| 17 | 16 | oveq1d 7376 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)) = (1 · (-1↑𝑘))) |
| 18 | neg1cn 12138 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ -1 ∈ ℂ | |
| 19 | 18 | a1i 11 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → -1 ∈ ℂ) |
| 20 | elfznn0 13568 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁) → 𝑘 ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 21 | expcl 14035 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((-1 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ0) → (-1↑𝑘) ∈ ℂ) | |
| 22 | 19, 20, 21 | syl2an 597 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (-1↑𝑘) ∈ ℂ) |
| 23 | 22 | mullidd 11157 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (1 · (-1↑𝑘)) = (-1↑𝑘)) |
| 24 | 17, 23 | eqtrd 2772 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)) = (-1↑𝑘)) |
| 25 | 24 | oveq2d 7377 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘))) = ((𝑁C𝑘) · (-1↑𝑘))) |
| 26 | bccl 14278 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑁C𝑘) ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 27 | 8, 12, 26 | syl2an 597 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (𝑁C𝑘) ∈ ℕ0) |
| 28 | 27 | nn0cnd 12494 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (𝑁C𝑘) ∈ ℂ) |
| 29 | 28, 22 | mulcomd 11160 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((𝑁C𝑘) · (-1↑𝑘)) = ((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 30 | 25, 29 | eqtrd 2772 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘))) = ((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 31 | 30 | sumeq2dv 15658 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘))) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 32 | 10, 31 | eqtrd 2772 | . 2 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → ((1 + -1)↑𝑁) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 33 | 5, 6, 32 | 3eqtr3rd 2781 | 1 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘)) = 0) |
| Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
| Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 395 = wceq 1542 ∈ wcel 2114 (class class class)co 7361 ℂcc 11030 0cc0 11032 1c1 11033 + caddc 11035 · cmul 11037 − cmin 11371 -cneg 11372 ℕcn 12168 ℕ0cn0 12431 ℤcz 12518 ...cfz 13455 ↑cexp 14017 Ccbc 14258 Σcsu 15642 |
| This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1797 ax-4 1811 ax-5 1912 ax-6 1969 ax-7 2010 ax-8 2116 ax-9 2124 ax-10 2147 ax-11 2163 ax-12 2185 ax-ext 2709 ax-rep 5213 ax-sep 5232 ax-nul 5242 ax-pow 5303 ax-pr 5371 ax-un 7683 ax-inf2 9556 ax-cnex 11088 ax-resscn 11089 ax-1cn 11090 ax-icn 11091 ax-addcl 11092 ax-addrcl 11093 ax-mulcl 11094 ax-mulrcl 11095 ax-mulcom 11096 ax-addass 11097 ax-mulass 11098 ax-distr 11099 ax-i2m1 11100 ax-1ne0 11101 ax-1rid 11102 ax-rnegex 11103 ax-rrecex 11104 ax-cnre 11105 ax-pre-lttri 11106 ax-pre-lttrn 11107 ax-pre-ltadd 11108 ax-pre-mulgt0 11109 ax-pre-sup 11110 |
| This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 207 df-an 396 df-or 849 df-3or 1088 df-3an 1089 df-tru 1545 df-fal 1555 df-ex 1782 df-nf 1786 df-sb 2069 df-mo 2540 df-eu 2570 df-clab 2716 df-cleq 2729 df-clel 2812 df-nfc 2886 df-ne 2934 df-nel 3038 df-ral 3053 df-rex 3063 df-rmo 3343 df-reu 3344 df-rab 3391 df-v 3432 df-sbc 3730 df-csb 3839 df-dif 3893 df-un 3895 df-in 3897 df-ss 3907 df-pss 3910 df-nul 4275 df-if 4468 df-pw 4544 df-sn 4569 df-pr 4571 df-op 4575 df-uni 4852 df-int 4891 df-iun 4936 df-br 5087 df-opab 5149 df-mpt 5168 df-tr 5194 df-id 5520 df-eprel 5525 df-po 5533 df-so 5534 df-fr 5578 df-se 5579 df-we 5580 df-xp 5631 df-rel 5632 df-cnv 5633 df-co 5634 df-dm 5635 df-rn 5636 df-res 5637 df-ima 5638 df-pred 6260 df-ord 6321 df-on 6322 df-lim 6323 df-suc 6324 df-iota 6449 df-fun 6495 df-fn 6496 df-f 6497 df-f1 6498 df-fo 6499 df-f1o 6500 df-fv 6501 df-isom 6502 df-riota 7318 df-ov 7364 df-oprab 7365 df-mpo 7366 df-om 7812 df-1st 7936 df-2nd 7937 df-frecs 8225 df-wrecs 8256 df-recs 8305 df-rdg 8343 df-1o 8399 df-er 8637 df-en 8888 df-dom 8889 df-sdom 8890 df-fin 8891 df-sup 9349 df-oi 9419 df-card 9857 df-pnf 11175 df-mnf 11176 df-xr 11177 df-ltxr 11178 df-le 11179 df-sub 11373 df-neg 11374 df-div 11802 df-nn 12169 df-2 12238 df-3 12239 df-n0 12432 df-z 12519 df-uz 12783 df-rp 12937 df-fz 13456 df-fzo 13603 df-seq 13958 df-exp 14018 df-fac 14230 df-bc 14259 df-hash 14287 df-cj 15055 df-re 15056 df-im 15057 df-sqrt 15191 df-abs 15192 df-clim 15444 df-sum 15643 |
| This theorem is referenced by: (None) |
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