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| Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > Mathboxes > altgsumbc | Structured version Visualization version GIF version | ||
| Description: The sum of binomial coefficients for a fixed positive 𝑁 with alternating signs is zero. Notice that this is not valid for 𝑁 = 0 (since ((-1↑0) · (0C0)) = (1 · 1) = 1). For a proof using Pascal's rule (bcpascm1 49016) instead of the binomial theorem (binom 15884), see altgsumbcALT 49018. (Contributed by AV, 13-Sep-2019.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| altgsumbc | ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘)) = 0) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1cnd 11202 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 1 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 2 | negid 11505 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (1 ∈ ℂ → (1 + -1) = 0) | |
| 3 | 2 | eqcomd 2775 | . . . 4 ⊢ (1 ∈ ℂ → 0 = (1 + -1)) |
| 4 | 1, 3 | syl 18 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 0 = (1 + -1)) |
| 5 | 4 | oveq1d 7426 | . 2 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → (0↑𝑁) = ((1 + -1)↑𝑁)) |
| 6 | 0exp 14133 | . 2 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → (0↑𝑁) = 0) | |
| 7 | 1 | negcld 11556 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → -1 ∈ ℂ) |
| 8 | nnnn0 12511 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 9 | binom 15884 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((1 ∈ ℂ ∧ -1 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) → ((1 + -1)↑𝑁) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)))) | |
| 10 | 1, 7, 8, 9 | syl3anc 1396 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → ((1 + -1)↑𝑁) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)))) |
| 11 | nnz 12612 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 12 | elfzelz 13552 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁) → 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 13 | zsubcl 12636 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑁 − 𝑘) ∈ ℤ) | |
| 14 | 11, 12, 13 | syl2an 607 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (𝑁 − 𝑘) ∈ ℤ) |
| 15 | 1exp 14127 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝑁 − 𝑘) ∈ ℤ → (1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) = 1) | |
| 16 | 14, 15 | syl 18 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) = 1) |
| 17 | 16 | oveq1d 7426 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)) = (1 · (-1↑𝑘))) |
| 18 | neg1cn 12203 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ -1 ∈ ℂ | |
| 19 | 18 | a1i 11 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → -1 ∈ ℂ) |
| 20 | elfznn0 13648 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁) → 𝑘 ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 21 | expcl 14115 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((-1 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ0) → (-1↑𝑘) ∈ ℂ) | |
| 22 | 19, 20, 21 | syl2an 607 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (-1↑𝑘) ∈ ℂ) |
| 23 | 22 | mullidd 11227 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (1 · (-1↑𝑘)) = (-1↑𝑘)) |
| 24 | 17, 23 | eqtrd 2804 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)) = (-1↑𝑘)) |
| 25 | 24 | oveq2d 7427 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘))) = ((𝑁C𝑘) · (-1↑𝑘))) |
| 26 | bccl 14358 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑁C𝑘) ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 27 | 8, 12, 26 | syl2an 607 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (𝑁C𝑘) ∈ ℕ0) |
| 28 | 27 | nn0cnd 12567 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (𝑁C𝑘) ∈ ℂ) |
| 29 | 28, 22 | mulcomd 11230 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((𝑁C𝑘) · (-1↑𝑘)) = ((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 30 | 25, 29 | eqtrd 2804 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘))) = ((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 31 | 30 | sumeq2dv 15753 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘))) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 32 | 10, 31 | eqtrd 2804 | . 2 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → ((1 + -1)↑𝑁) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 33 | 5, 6, 32 | 3eqtr3rd 2813 | 1 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘)) = 0) |
| Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
| Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 400 = wceq 1567 ∈ wcel 2149 (class class class)co 7411 ℂcc 11098 0cc0 11100 1c1 11101 + caddc 11103 · cmul 11105 − cmin 11441 -cneg 11442 ℕcn 12233 ℕ0cn0 12504 ℤcz 12591 ...cfz 13535 ↑cexp 14097 Ccbc 14338 Σcsu 15737 |
| This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1822 ax-4 1836 ax-5 1937 ax-6 1994 ax-7 2035 ax-8 2151 ax-9 2159 ax-10 2182 ax-11 2198 ax-12 2219 ax-ext 2741 ax-rep 5242 ax-sep 5261 ax-nul 5271 ax-pow 5337 ax-pr 5405 ax-un 7733 ax-inf2 9610 ax-cnex 11156 ax-resscn 11157 ax-1cn 11158 ax-icn 11159 ax-addcl 11160 ax-addrcl 11161 ax-mulcl 11162 ax-mulrcl 11163 ax-mulcom 11164 ax-addass 11165 ax-mulass 11166 ax-distr 11167 ax-i2m1 11168 ax-1ne0 11169 ax-1rid 11170 ax-rnegex 11171 ax-rrecex 11172 ax-cnre 11173 ax-pre-lttri 11174 ax-pre-lttrn 11175 ax-pre-ltadd 11176 ax-pre-mulgt0 11177 ax-pre-sup 11178 |
| This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 210 df-an 401 df-or 861 df-3or 1102 df-3an 1103 df-tru 1570 df-fal 1580 df-ex 1807 df-nf 1811 df-sb 2098 df-mo 2573 df-eu 2603 df-clab 2748 df-cleq 2761 df-clel 2844 df-nfc 2918 df-ne 2965 df-nel 3071 df-ral 3086 df-rex 3096 df-rmo 3376 df-reu 3377 df-rab 3424 df-v 3465 df-sbc 3754 df-csb 3862 df-dif 3916 df-un 3918 df-in 3920 df-ss 3930 df-pss 3933 df-nul 4295 df-if 4493 df-pw 4569 df-sn 4595 df-pr 4597 df-op 4601 df-uni 4877 df-int 4917 df-iun 4962 df-br 5114 df-opab 5178 df-mpt 5197 df-tr 5223 df-id 5557 df-eprel 5562 df-po 5570 df-so 5571 df-fr 5615 df-se 5616 df-we 5617 df-xp 5668 df-rel 5669 df-cnv 5670 df-co 5671 df-dm 5672 df-rn 5673 df-res 5674 df-ima 5675 df-pred 6303 df-ord 6364 df-on 6365 df-lim 6366 df-suc 6367 df-iota 6493 df-fun 6539 df-fn 6540 df-f 6541 df-f1 6542 df-fo 6543 df-f1o 6544 df-fv 6545 df-isom 6546 df-riota 7368 df-ov 7414 df-oprab 7415 df-mpo 7416 df-om 7863 df-1st 7986 df-2nd 7987 df-frecs 8278 df-wrecs 8309 df-recs 8358 df-rdg 8397 df-1o 8453 df-er 8694 df-en 8944 df-dom 8945 df-sdom 8946 df-fin 8947 df-sup 9402 df-oi 9472 df-card 9925 df-pnf 11245 df-mnf 11246 df-xr 11247 df-ltxr 11248 df-le 11249 df-sub 11443 df-neg 11444 df-div 11872 df-nn 12234 df-2 12303 df-3 12304 df-n0 12505 df-z 12592 df-uz 12863 df-rp 13017 df-fz 13536 df-fzo 13683 df-seq 14038 df-exp 14098 df-fac 14310 df-bc 14339 df-hash 14367 df-cj 15150 df-re 15151 df-im 15152 df-sqrt 15286 df-abs 15287 df-clim 15539 df-sum 15738 |
| This theorem is referenced by: (None) |
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