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| Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > Mathboxes > altgsumbc | Structured version Visualization version GIF version | ||
| Description: The sum of binomial coefficients for a fixed positive 𝑁 with alternating signs is zero. Notice that this is not valid for 𝑁 = 0 (since ((-1↑0) · (0C0)) = (1 · 1) = 1). For a proof using Pascal's rule (bcpascm1 48921) instead of the binomial theorem (binom 15836), see altgsumbcALT 48923. (Contributed by AV, 13-Sep-2019.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| altgsumbc | ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘)) = 0) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1cnd 11165 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 1 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 2 | negid 11468 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (1 ∈ ℂ → (1 + -1) = 0) | |
| 3 | 2 | eqcomd 2762 | . . . 4 ⊢ (1 ∈ ℂ → 0 = (1 + -1)) |
| 4 | 1, 3 | syl 17 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 0 = (1 + -1)) |
| 5 | 4 | oveq1d 7400 | . 2 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → (0↑𝑁) = ((1 + -1)↑𝑁)) |
| 6 | 0exp 14100 | . 2 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → (0↑𝑁) = 0) | |
| 7 | 1 | negcld 11519 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → -1 ∈ ℂ) |
| 8 | nnnn0 12478 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 9 | binom 15836 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((1 ∈ ℂ ∧ -1 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) → ((1 + -1)↑𝑁) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)))) | |
| 10 | 1, 7, 8, 9 | syl3anc 1386 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → ((1 + -1)↑𝑁) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)))) |
| 11 | nnz 12579 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 12 | elfzelz 13519 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁) → 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 13 | zsubcl 12603 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑁 − 𝑘) ∈ ℤ) | |
| 14 | 11, 12, 13 | syl2an 604 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (𝑁 − 𝑘) ∈ ℤ) |
| 15 | 1exp 14094 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝑁 − 𝑘) ∈ ℤ → (1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) = 1) | |
| 16 | 14, 15 | syl 17 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) = 1) |
| 17 | 16 | oveq1d 7400 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)) = (1 · (-1↑𝑘))) |
| 18 | neg1cn 12170 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ -1 ∈ ℂ | |
| 19 | 18 | a1i 11 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → -1 ∈ ℂ) |
| 20 | elfznn0 13615 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁) → 𝑘 ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 21 | expcl 14082 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((-1 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ0) → (-1↑𝑘) ∈ ℂ) | |
| 22 | 19, 20, 21 | syl2an 604 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (-1↑𝑘) ∈ ℂ) |
| 23 | 22 | mullidd 11190 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (1 · (-1↑𝑘)) = (-1↑𝑘)) |
| 24 | 17, 23 | eqtrd 2791 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)) = (-1↑𝑘)) |
| 25 | 24 | oveq2d 7401 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘))) = ((𝑁C𝑘) · (-1↑𝑘))) |
| 26 | bccl 14325 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑁C𝑘) ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 27 | 8, 12, 26 | syl2an 604 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (𝑁C𝑘) ∈ ℕ0) |
| 28 | 27 | nn0cnd 12534 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (𝑁C𝑘) ∈ ℂ) |
| 29 | 28, 22 | mulcomd 11193 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((𝑁C𝑘) · (-1↑𝑘)) = ((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 30 | 25, 29 | eqtrd 2791 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘))) = ((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 31 | 30 | sumeq2dv 15705 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘))) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 32 | 10, 31 | eqtrd 2791 | . 2 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → ((1 + -1)↑𝑁) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 33 | 5, 6, 32 | 3eqtr3rd 2800 | 1 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘)) = 0) |
| Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
| Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 398 = wceq 1554 ∈ wcel 2136 (class class class)co 7385 ℂcc 11061 0cc0 11063 1c1 11064 + caddc 11066 · cmul 11068 − cmin 11404 -cneg 11405 ℕcn 12200 ℕ0cn0 12471 ℤcz 12558 ...cfz 13502 ↑cexp 14064 Ccbc 14305 Σcsu 15689 |
| This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1809 ax-4 1823 ax-5 1924 ax-6 1981 ax-7 2022 ax-8 2138 ax-9 2146 ax-10 2169 ax-11 2185 ax-12 2206 ax-ext 2728 ax-rep 5221 ax-sep 5240 ax-nul 5250 ax-pow 5316 ax-pr 5384 ax-un 7707 ax-inf2 9586 ax-cnex 11119 ax-resscn 11120 ax-1cn 11121 ax-icn 11122 ax-addcl 11123 ax-addrcl 11124 ax-mulcl 11125 ax-mulrcl 11126 ax-mulcom 11127 ax-addass 11128 ax-mulass 11129 ax-distr 11130 ax-i2m1 11131 ax-1ne0 11132 ax-1rid 11133 ax-rnegex 11134 ax-rrecex 11135 ax-cnre 11136 ax-pre-lttri 11137 ax-pre-lttrn 11138 ax-pre-ltadd 11139 ax-pre-mulgt0 11140 ax-pre-sup 11141 |
| This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 209 df-an 399 df-or 857 df-3or 1096 df-3an 1097 df-tru 1557 df-fal 1567 df-ex 1794 df-nf 1798 df-sb 2085 df-mo 2560 df-eu 2590 df-clab 2735 df-cleq 2748 df-clel 2831 df-nfc 2905 df-ne 2952 df-nel 3056 df-ral 3071 df-rex 3081 df-rmo 3361 df-reu 3362 df-rab 3409 df-v 3450 df-sbc 3740 df-csb 3848 df-dif 3902 df-un 3904 df-in 3906 df-ss 3916 df-pss 3919 df-nul 4281 df-if 4475 df-pw 4551 df-sn 4577 df-pr 4579 df-op 4583 df-uni 4860 df-int 4900 df-iun 4945 df-br 5095 df-opab 5157 df-mpt 5176 df-tr 5202 df-id 5535 df-eprel 5540 df-po 5548 df-so 5549 df-fr 5593 df-se 5594 df-we 5595 df-xp 5646 df-rel 5647 df-cnv 5648 df-co 5649 df-dm 5650 df-rn 5651 df-res 5652 df-ima 5653 df-pred 6277 df-ord 6338 df-on 6339 df-lim 6340 df-suc 6341 df-iota 6466 df-fun 6512 df-fn 6513 df-f 6514 df-f1 6515 df-fo 6516 df-f1o 6517 df-fv 6518 df-isom 6519 df-riota 7342 df-ov 7388 df-oprab 7389 df-mpo 7390 df-om 7836 df-1st 7959 df-2nd 7960 df-frecs 8250 df-wrecs 8281 df-recs 8330 df-rdg 8369 df-1o 8425 df-er 8666 df-en 8917 df-dom 8918 df-sdom 8919 df-fin 8920 df-sup 9378 df-oi 9448 df-card 9887 df-pnf 11208 df-mnf 11209 df-xr 11210 df-ltxr 11211 df-le 11212 df-sub 11406 df-neg 11407 df-div 11835 df-nn 12201 df-2 12270 df-3 12271 df-n0 12472 df-z 12559 df-uz 12830 df-rp 12984 df-fz 13503 df-fzo 13650 df-seq 14005 df-exp 14065 df-fac 14277 df-bc 14306 df-hash 14334 df-cj 15102 df-re 15103 df-im 15104 df-sqrt 15238 df-abs 15239 df-clim 15491 df-sum 15690 |
| This theorem is referenced by: (None) |
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