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| Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > Mathboxes > altgsumbc | Structured version Visualization version GIF version | ||
| Description: The sum of binomial coefficients for a fixed positive 𝑁 with alternating signs is zero. Notice that this is not valid for 𝑁 = 0 (since ((-1↑0) · (0C0)) = (1 · 1) = 1). For a proof using Pascal's rule (bcpascm1 48607) instead of the binomial theorem (binom 15753), see altgsumbcALT 48609. (Contributed by AV, 13-Sep-2019.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| altgsumbc | ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘)) = 0) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1cnd 11127 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 1 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 2 | negid 11428 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (1 ∈ ℂ → (1 + -1) = 0) | |
| 3 | 2 | eqcomd 2742 | . . . 4 ⊢ (1 ∈ ℂ → 0 = (1 + -1)) |
| 4 | 1, 3 | syl 17 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 0 = (1 + -1)) |
| 5 | 4 | oveq1d 7373 | . 2 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → (0↑𝑁) = ((1 + -1)↑𝑁)) |
| 6 | 0exp 14020 | . 2 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → (0↑𝑁) = 0) | |
| 7 | 1 | negcld 11479 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → -1 ∈ ℂ) |
| 8 | nnnn0 12408 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 9 | binom 15753 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((1 ∈ ℂ ∧ -1 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) → ((1 + -1)↑𝑁) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)))) | |
| 10 | 1, 7, 8, 9 | syl3anc 1373 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → ((1 + -1)↑𝑁) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)))) |
| 11 | nnz 12509 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 12 | elfzelz 13440 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁) → 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 13 | zsubcl 12533 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑁 − 𝑘) ∈ ℤ) | |
| 14 | 11, 12, 13 | syl2an 596 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (𝑁 − 𝑘) ∈ ℤ) |
| 15 | 1exp 14014 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝑁 − 𝑘) ∈ ℤ → (1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) = 1) | |
| 16 | 14, 15 | syl 17 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) = 1) |
| 17 | 16 | oveq1d 7373 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)) = (1 · (-1↑𝑘))) |
| 18 | neg1cn 12130 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ -1 ∈ ℂ | |
| 19 | 18 | a1i 11 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → -1 ∈ ℂ) |
| 20 | elfznn0 13536 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁) → 𝑘 ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 21 | expcl 14002 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((-1 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ0) → (-1↑𝑘) ∈ ℂ) | |
| 22 | 19, 20, 21 | syl2an 596 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (-1↑𝑘) ∈ ℂ) |
| 23 | 22 | mullidd 11150 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (1 · (-1↑𝑘)) = (-1↑𝑘)) |
| 24 | 17, 23 | eqtrd 2771 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘)) = (-1↑𝑘)) |
| 25 | 24 | oveq2d 7374 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘))) = ((𝑁C𝑘) · (-1↑𝑘))) |
| 26 | bccl 14245 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑁C𝑘) ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 27 | 8, 12, 26 | syl2an 596 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (𝑁C𝑘) ∈ ℕ0) |
| 28 | 27 | nn0cnd 12464 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → (𝑁C𝑘) ∈ ℂ) |
| 29 | 28, 22 | mulcomd 11153 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((𝑁C𝑘) · (-1↑𝑘)) = ((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 30 | 25, 29 | eqtrd 2771 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)) → ((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘))) = ((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 31 | 30 | sumeq2dv 15625 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((𝑁C𝑘) · ((1↑(𝑁 − 𝑘)) · (-1↑𝑘))) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 32 | 10, 31 | eqtrd 2771 | . 2 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → ((1 + -1)↑𝑁) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘))) |
| 33 | 5, 6, 32 | 3eqtr3rd 2780 | 1 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘)) = 0) |
| Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
| Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 395 = wceq 1541 ∈ wcel 2113 (class class class)co 7358 ℂcc 11024 0cc0 11026 1c1 11027 + caddc 11029 · cmul 11031 − cmin 11364 -cneg 11365 ℕcn 12145 ℕ0cn0 12401 ℤcz 12488 ...cfz 13423 ↑cexp 13984 Ccbc 14225 Σcsu 15609 |
| This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1796 ax-4 1810 ax-5 1911 ax-6 1968 ax-7 2009 ax-8 2115 ax-9 2123 ax-10 2146 ax-11 2162 ax-12 2184 ax-ext 2708 ax-rep 5224 ax-sep 5241 ax-nul 5251 ax-pow 5310 ax-pr 5377 ax-un 7680 ax-inf2 9550 ax-cnex 11082 ax-resscn 11083 ax-1cn 11084 ax-icn 11085 ax-addcl 11086 ax-addrcl 11087 ax-mulcl 11088 ax-mulrcl 11089 ax-mulcom 11090 ax-addass 11091 ax-mulass 11092 ax-distr 11093 ax-i2m1 11094 ax-1ne0 11095 ax-1rid 11096 ax-rnegex 11097 ax-rrecex 11098 ax-cnre 11099 ax-pre-lttri 11100 ax-pre-lttrn 11101 ax-pre-ltadd 11102 ax-pre-mulgt0 11103 ax-pre-sup 11104 |
| This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 207 df-an 396 df-or 848 df-3or 1087 df-3an 1088 df-tru 1544 df-fal 1554 df-ex 1781 df-nf 1785 df-sb 2068 df-mo 2539 df-eu 2569 df-clab 2715 df-cleq 2728 df-clel 2811 df-nfc 2885 df-ne 2933 df-nel 3037 df-ral 3052 df-rex 3061 df-rmo 3350 df-reu 3351 df-rab 3400 df-v 3442 df-sbc 3741 df-csb 3850 df-dif 3904 df-un 3906 df-in 3908 df-ss 3918 df-pss 3921 df-nul 4286 df-if 4480 df-pw 4556 df-sn 4581 df-pr 4583 df-op 4587 df-uni 4864 df-int 4903 df-iun 4948 df-br 5099 df-opab 5161 df-mpt 5180 df-tr 5206 df-id 5519 df-eprel 5524 df-po 5532 df-so 5533 df-fr 5577 df-se 5578 df-we 5579 df-xp 5630 df-rel 5631 df-cnv 5632 df-co 5633 df-dm 5634 df-rn 5635 df-res 5636 df-ima 5637 df-pred 6259 df-ord 6320 df-on 6321 df-lim 6322 df-suc 6323 df-iota 6448 df-fun 6494 df-fn 6495 df-f 6496 df-f1 6497 df-fo 6498 df-f1o 6499 df-fv 6500 df-isom 6501 df-riota 7315 df-ov 7361 df-oprab 7362 df-mpo 7363 df-om 7809 df-1st 7933 df-2nd 7934 df-frecs 8223 df-wrecs 8254 df-recs 8303 df-rdg 8341 df-1o 8397 df-er 8635 df-en 8884 df-dom 8885 df-sdom 8886 df-fin 8887 df-sup 9345 df-oi 9415 df-card 9851 df-pnf 11168 df-mnf 11169 df-xr 11170 df-ltxr 11171 df-le 11172 df-sub 11366 df-neg 11367 df-div 11795 df-nn 12146 df-2 12208 df-3 12209 df-n0 12402 df-z 12489 df-uz 12752 df-rp 12906 df-fz 13424 df-fzo 13571 df-seq 13925 df-exp 13985 df-fac 14197 df-bc 14226 df-hash 14254 df-cj 15022 df-re 15023 df-im 15024 df-sqrt 15158 df-abs 15159 df-clim 15411 df-sum 15610 |
| This theorem is referenced by: (None) |
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