Theorem rpnnen2 16308

Description: The other half of rpnnen 16309, where we show an injection from sets of positive integers to real numbers. The obvious choice for this is binary expansion, but it has the unfortunate property that it does not produce an injection on numbers which end with all 0's or all 1's (the more well-known decimal version of this is 0.999... 15962). Instead, we opt for a ternary expansion, which produces (a scaled version of) the Cantor set. Since the Cantor set is riddled with gaps, we can show that any two sequences that are not equal must differ somewhere, and when they do, they are placed a finite distance apart, thus ensuring that the map is injective.

Our map assigns to each subset 𝐴 of the positive integers the number Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴(3↑-𝑘) = Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ((𝐹‘𝐴)‘𝑘), where ((𝐹‘𝐴)‘𝑘) = if(𝑘 ∈ 𝐴, (3↑-𝑘), 0)) (rpnnen2lem1 16296). This is an infinite sum of real numbers (rpnnen2lem2 16297), and since 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 implies (𝐹‘𝐴) ≤ (𝐹‘𝐵) (rpnnen2lem4 16299) and (𝐹‘ℕ) converges to 1 / 2 (rpnnen2lem3 16298) by geoisum1 15960, the sum is convergent to some real (rpnnen2lem5 16300 and rpnnen2lem6 16301) by the comparison test for convergence cvgcmp 15895. The comparison test also tells us that 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 implies Σ(𝐹‘𝐴) ≤ Σ(𝐹‘𝐵) (rpnnen2lem7 16302).

Putting it all together, if we have two sets 𝑥 ≠ 𝑦, there must differ somewhere, and so there must be an 𝑚 such that ∀𝑛 < 𝑚(𝑛 ∈ 𝑥 ↔ 𝑛 ∈ 𝑦) but 𝑚 ∈ (𝑥 ∖ 𝑦) or vice versa. In this case, we split off the first 𝑚 − 1 terms (rpnnen2lem8 16303) and cancel them (rpnnen2lem10 16305), since these are the same for both sets. For the remaining terms, we use the subset property to establish that Σ(𝐹‘𝑦) ≤ Σ(𝐹‘(ℕ ∖ {𝑚})) and Σ(𝐹‘{𝑚}) ≤ Σ(𝐹‘𝑥) (where these sums are only over (ℤ_≥‘𝑚)), and since Σ(𝐹‘(ℕ ∖ {𝑚})) = (3↑-𝑚) / 2 (rpnnen2lem9 16304) and Σ(𝐹‘{𝑚}) = (3↑-𝑚), we establish that Σ(𝐹‘𝑦) < Σ(𝐹‘𝑥) (rpnnen2lem11 16306) so that they must be different. By contraposition (rpnnen2lem12 16307), we find that this map is an injection. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-May-2013.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 30-Apr-2014.) (Revised by NM, 17-Aug-2021.)

Assertion

Ref	Expression
rpnnen2	⊢ 𝒫 ℕ ≼ (0[,]1)

Proof of Theorem rpnnen2

Dummy variables 𝑥 𝑛 are mutually distinct and distinct from all other variables.

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		eqid 2765	. 2 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝒫 ℕ ↦ (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ if(𝑛 ∈ 𝑥, ((1 / 3)↑𝑛), 0))) = (𝑥 ∈ 𝒫 ℕ ↦ (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ if(𝑛 ∈ 𝑥, ((1 / 3)↑𝑛), 0)))
2	1	rpnnen2lem12 16307	1 ⊢ 𝒫 ℕ ≼ (0[,]1)

This proof depends on syntax axioms:  ifcif 4489  𝒫 cpw 4564   class class class wbr 5111   ↦ cmpt 5194  (class class class)co 7419   ≼ cdom 8947  0cc0 11119  1c1 11120   / cdiv 11890  ℕcn 12252  3c3 12315  [,]cicc 13395  ↑cexp 14119

This proof depends on axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1828  ax-4 1842  ax-5 1943  ax-6 2000  ax-7 2041  ax-8 2148  ax-9 2156  ax-10 2179  ax-11 2195  ax-12 2216  ax-ext 2737  ax-rep 5240  ax-sep 5259  ax-nul 5271  ax-pow 5338  ax-pr 5406  ax-un 7742  ax-inf2 9617  ax-cnex 11175  ax-resscn 11176  ax-1cn 11177  ax-icn 11178  ax-addcl 11179  ax-addrcl 11180  ax-mulcl 11181  ax-mulrcl 11182  ax-mulcom 11183  ax-addass 11184  ax-mulass 11185  ax-distr 11186  ax-i2m1 11187  ax-1ne0 11188  ax-1rid 11189  ax-rnegex 11190  ax-rrecex 11191  ax-cnre 11192  ax-pre-lttri 11193  ax-pre-lttrn 11194  ax-pre-ltadd 11195  ax-pre-mulgt0 11196  ax-pre-sup 11197

This proof depends on definitions:  df-bi 210  df-an 402  df-or 862  df-3or 1104  df-3an 1105  df-tru 1573  df-fal 1583  df-ex 1813  df-nf 1817  df-sb 2100  df-mo 2569  df-eu 2599  df-clab 2744  df-cleq 2757  df-clel 2840  df-nfc 2914  df-ne 2961  df-nel 3067  df-ral 3082  df-rex 3092  df-rmo 3371  df-reu 3372  df-rab 3419  df-v 3459  df-sbc 3747  df-csb 3855  df-dif 3909  df-un 3911  df-in 3913  df-ss 3923  df-pss 3926  df-nul 4287  df-if 4490  df-pw 4566  df-sn 4592  df-pr 4594  df-op 4598  df-uni 4875  df-int 4915  df-iun 4960  df-br 5112  df-opab 5176  df-mpt 5195  df-tr 5221  df-id 5558  df-eprel 5563  df-po 5571  df-so 5572  df-fr 5616  df-se 5617  df-we 5618  df-xp 5669  df-rel 5670  df-cnv 5671  df-co 5672  df-dm 5673  df-rn 5674  df-res 5675  df-ima 5676  df-pred 6306  df-ord 6367  df-on 6368  df-lim 6369  df-suc 6370  df-iota 6496  df-fun 6542  df-fn 6543  df-f 6544  df-f1 6545  df-fo 6546  df-f1o 6547  df-fv 6548  df-isom 6549  df-riota 7376  df-ov 7422  df-oprab 7423  df-mpo 7424  df-om 7869  df-1st 7992  df-2nd 7993  df-frecs 8284  df-wrecs 8315  df-recs 8364  df-rdg 8403  df-1o 8459  df-er 8700  df-pm 8833  df-en 8950  df-dom 8951  df-sdom 8952  df-fin 8953  df-sup 9409  df-inf 9410  df-oi 9479  df-card 9941  df-pnf 11264  df-mnf 11265  df-xr 11266  df-ltxr 11267  df-le 11268  df-sub 11462  df-neg 11463  df-div 11891  df-nn 12253  df-2 12322  df-3 12323  df-n0 12524  df-z 12611  df-uz 12883  df-rp 13037  df-ico 13398  df-icc 13399  df-fz 13556  df-fzo 13704  df-fl 13847  df-seq 14060  df-exp 14120  df-hash 14389  df-cj 15178  df-re 15179  df-im 15180  df-sqrt 15314  df-abs 15315  df-limsup 15550  df-clim 15567  df-rlim 15568  df-sum 15766

This theorem is used by:  rpnnen  16309  opnreen  25044