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| Mirrors > Home > ILE Home > Th. List > lgsquad | GIF version | ||
| Description: The Law of Quadratic Reciprocity, see also theorem 9.8 in [ApostolNT] p. 185. If 𝑃 and 𝑄 are distinct odd primes, then the product of the Legendre symbols (𝑃 /L 𝑄) and (𝑄 /L 𝑃) is the parity of ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2). This uses Eisenstein's proof, which also has a nice geometric interpretation - see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_of_quadratic_reciprocity. This is Metamath 100 proof #7. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 19-Jun-2015.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| lgsquad | ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → ((𝑃 /L 𝑄) · (𝑄 /L 𝑃)) = (-1↑(((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | simp1 1024 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2})) | |
| 2 | simp2 1025 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2})) | |
| 3 | simp3 1026 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) | |
| 4 | eqid 2232 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) = ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) | |
| 5 | eqid 2232 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑄 − 1) / 2) = ((𝑄 − 1) / 2) | |
| 6 | eleq1w 2293 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → (𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ↔ 𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)))) | |
| 7 | eleq1w 2293 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑤 → (𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2)) ↔ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) | |
| 8 | 6, 7 | bi2anan9 610 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → ((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ↔ (𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))))) |
| 9 | oveq1 6056 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑤 → (𝑦 · 𝑃) = (𝑤 · 𝑃)) | |
| 10 | oveq1 6056 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → (𝑥 · 𝑄) = (𝑧 · 𝑄)) | |
| 11 | 9, 10 | breqan12rd 4125 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → ((𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄) ↔ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄))) |
| 12 | 8, 11 | anbi12d 473 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → (((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄)) ↔ ((𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄)))) |
| 13 | 12 | cbvopabv 4181 | . 2 ⊢ {〈𝑥, 𝑦〉 ∣ ((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄))} = {〈𝑧, 𝑤〉 ∣ ((𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄))} |
| 14 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 13 | lgsquadlem3 15944 | 1 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → ((𝑃 /L 𝑄) · (𝑄 /L 𝑃)) = (-1↑(((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) |
| Colors of variables: wff set class |
| Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 104 ∧ w3a 1005 = wceq 1398 ∈ wcel 2203 ≠ wne 2412 ∖ cdif 3207 {csn 3688 class class class wbr 4108 {copab 4169 (class class class)co 6049 1c1 8127 · cmul 8131 < clt 8307 − cmin 8443 -cneg 8444 / cdiv 8945 2c2 9287 ...cfz 10341 ↑cexp 10899 ℙcprime 12800 /L clgs 15862 |
| This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-ia1 106 ax-ia2 107 ax-ia3 108 ax-in1 619 ax-in2 620 ax-io 717 ax-5 1496 ax-7 1497 ax-gen 1498 ax-ie1 1542 ax-ie2 1543 ax-8 1553 ax-10 1554 ax-11 1555 ax-i12 1556 ax-bndl 1558 ax-4 1559 ax-17 1575 ax-i9 1579 ax-ial 1583 ax-i5r 1584 ax-13 2205 ax-14 2206 ax-ext 2214 ax-coll 4224 ax-sep 4227 ax-nul 4235 ax-pow 4286 ax-pr 4321 ax-un 4553 ax-setind 4658 ax-iinf 4709 ax-cnex 8217 ax-resscn 8218 ax-1cn 8219 ax-1re 8220 ax-icn 8221 ax-addcl 8222 ax-addrcl 8223 ax-mulcl 8224 ax-mulrcl 8225 ax-addcom 8226 ax-mulcom 8227 ax-addass 8228 ax-mulass 8229 ax-distr 8230 ax-i2m1 8231 ax-0lt1 8232 ax-1rid 8233 ax-0id 8234 ax-rnegex 8235 ax-precex 8236 ax-cnre 8237 ax-pre-ltirr 8238 ax-pre-ltwlin 8239 ax-pre-lttrn 8240 ax-pre-apti 8241 ax-pre-ltadd 8242 ax-pre-mulgt0 8243 ax-pre-mulext 8244 ax-arch 8245 ax-caucvg 8246 ax-addf 8248 ax-mulf 8249 |
| This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 117 df-stab 839 df-dc 843 df-3or 1006 df-3an 1007 df-tru 1401 df-fal 1404 df-xor 1421 df-nf 1510 df-sb 1812 df-eu 2083 df-mo 2084 df-clab 2219 df-cleq 2225 df-clel 2228 df-nfc 2373 df-ne 2413 df-nel 2508 df-ral 2525 df-rex 2526 df-reu 2527 df-rmo 2528 df-rab 2529 df-v 2814 df-sbc 3042 df-csb 3138 df-dif 3212 df-un 3214 df-in 3216 df-ss 3223 df-nul 3508 df-if 3620 df-pw 3670 df-sn 3694 df-pr 3695 df-tp 3696 df-op 3697 df-uni 3914 df-int 3949 df-iun 3992 df-disj 4085 df-br 4109 df-opab 4171 df-mpt 4172 df-tr 4208 df-id 4413 df-po 4416 df-iso 4417 df-iord 4486 df-on 4488 df-ilim 4489 df-suc 4491 df-iom 4712 df-xp 4754 df-rel 4755 df-cnv 4756 df-co 4757 df-dm 4758 df-rn 4759 df-res 4760 df-ima 4761 df-iota 5311 df-fun 5353 df-fn 5354 df-f 5355 df-f1 5356 df-fo 5357 df-f1o 5358 df-fv 5359 df-isom 5360 df-riota 6002 df-ov 6052 df-oprab 6053 df-mpo 6054 df-of 6265 df-1st 6333 df-2nd 6334 df-tpos 6475 df-recs 6535 df-irdg 6600 df-frec 6621 df-1o 6646 df-2o 6647 df-oadd 6650 df-er 6766 df-ec 6768 df-qs 6772 df-map 6883 df-en 6975 df-dom 6976 df-fin 6977 df-sup 7274 df-inf 7275 df-pnf 8309 df-mnf 8310 df-xr 8311 df-ltxr 8312 df-le 8313 df-sub 8445 df-neg 8446 df-reap 8848 df-ap 8855 df-div 8946 df-inn 9237 df-2 9295 df-3 9296 df-4 9297 df-5 9298 df-6 9299 df-7 9300 df-8 9301 df-9 9302 df-n0 9496 df-z 9577 df-dec 9709 df-uz 9853 df-q 9951 df-rp 9986 df-fz 10342 df-fzo 10476 df-fl 10629 df-mod 10684 df-seqfrec 10809 df-exp 10900 df-ihash 11137 df-cj 11523 df-re 11524 df-im 11525 df-rsqrt 11679 df-abs 11680 df-clim 11960 df-sumdc 12035 df-proddc 12233 df-dvds 12470 df-gcd 12646 df-prm 12801 df-phi 12904 df-pc 12979 df-struct 13206 df-ndx 13207 df-slot 13208 df-base 13210 df-sets 13211 df-iress 13212 df-plusg 13295 df-mulr 13296 df-starv 13297 df-sca 13298 df-vsca 13299 df-ip 13300 df-tset 13301 df-ple 13302 df-ds 13304 df-unif 13305 df-0g 13463 df-igsum 13464 df-topgen 13465 df-iimas 13507 df-qus 13508 df-mgm 13561 df-sgrp 13607 df-mnd 13622 df-mhm 13664 df-submnd 13665 df-grp 13708 df-minusg 13709 df-sbg 13710 df-mulg 13829 df-subg 13879 df-nsg 13880 df-eqg 13881 df-ghm 13950 df-cmn 13995 df-abl 13996 df-mgp 14057 df-rng 14069 df-ur 14096 df-srg 14100 df-ring 14134 df-cring 14135 df-oppr 14204 df-dvdsr 14225 df-unit 14226 df-invr 14258 df-dvr 14269 df-rhm 14289 df-nzr 14317 df-subrg 14356 df-domn 14396 df-idom 14397 df-lmod 14429 df-lssm 14493 df-lsp 14527 df-sra 14575 df-rgmod 14576 df-lidl 14609 df-rsp 14610 df-2idl 14640 df-bl 14686 df-mopn 14687 df-fg 14689 df-metu 14690 df-cnfld 14697 df-zring 14731 df-zrh 14754 df-zn 14756 df-lgs 15863 |
| This theorem is referenced by: lgsquad2 15948 |
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