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| Mirrors > Home > ILE Home > Th. List > lgsquad | GIF version | ||
| Description: The Law of Quadratic Reciprocity, see also theorem 9.8 in [ApostolNT] p. 185. If 𝑃 and 𝑄 are distinct odd primes, then the product of the Legendre symbols (𝑃 /L 𝑄) and (𝑄 /L 𝑃) is the parity of ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2). This uses Eisenstein's proof, which also has a nice geometric interpretation - see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_of_quadratic_reciprocity. This is Metamath 100 proof #7. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 19-Jun-2015.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| lgsquad | ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → ((𝑃 /L 𝑄) · (𝑄 /L 𝑃)) = (-1↑(((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | simp1 1023 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2})) | |
| 2 | simp2 1024 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2})) | |
| 3 | simp3 1025 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) | |
| 4 | eqid 2231 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) = ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) | |
| 5 | eqid 2231 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑄 − 1) / 2) = ((𝑄 − 1) / 2) | |
| 6 | eleq1w 2292 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → (𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ↔ 𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)))) | |
| 7 | eleq1w 2292 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑤 → (𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2)) ↔ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) | |
| 8 | 6, 7 | bi2anan9 610 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → ((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ↔ (𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))))) |
| 9 | oveq1 6025 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑤 → (𝑦 · 𝑃) = (𝑤 · 𝑃)) | |
| 10 | oveq1 6025 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → (𝑥 · 𝑄) = (𝑧 · 𝑄)) | |
| 11 | 9, 10 | breqan12rd 4105 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → ((𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄) ↔ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄))) |
| 12 | 8, 11 | anbi12d 473 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → (((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄)) ↔ ((𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄)))) |
| 13 | 12 | cbvopabv 4161 | . 2 ⊢ {〈𝑥, 𝑦〉 ∣ ((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄))} = {〈𝑧, 𝑤〉 ∣ ((𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄))} |
| 14 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 13 | lgsquadlem3 15814 | 1 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → ((𝑃 /L 𝑄) · (𝑄 /L 𝑃)) = (-1↑(((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) |
| Colors of variables: wff set class |
| Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 104 ∧ w3a 1004 = wceq 1397 ∈ wcel 2202 ≠ wne 2402 ∖ cdif 3197 {csn 3669 class class class wbr 4088 {copab 4149 (class class class)co 6018 1c1 8033 · cmul 8037 < clt 8214 − cmin 8350 -cneg 8351 / cdiv 8852 2c2 9194 ...cfz 10243 ↑cexp 10801 ℙcprime 12684 /L clgs 15732 |
| This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-ia1 106 ax-ia2 107 ax-ia3 108 ax-in1 619 ax-in2 620 ax-io 716 ax-5 1495 ax-7 1496 ax-gen 1497 ax-ie1 1541 ax-ie2 1542 ax-8 1552 ax-10 1553 ax-11 1554 ax-i12 1555 ax-bndl 1557 ax-4 1558 ax-17 1574 ax-i9 1578 ax-ial 1582 ax-i5r 1583 ax-13 2204 ax-14 2205 ax-ext 2213 ax-coll 4204 ax-sep 4207 ax-nul 4215 ax-pow 4264 ax-pr 4299 ax-un 4530 ax-setind 4635 ax-iinf 4686 ax-cnex 8123 ax-resscn 8124 ax-1cn 8125 ax-1re 8126 ax-icn 8127 ax-addcl 8128 ax-addrcl 8129 ax-mulcl 8130 ax-mulrcl 8131 ax-addcom 8132 ax-mulcom 8133 ax-addass 8134 ax-mulass 8135 ax-distr 8136 ax-i2m1 8137 ax-0lt1 8138 ax-1rid 8139 ax-0id 8140 ax-rnegex 8141 ax-precex 8142 ax-cnre 8143 ax-pre-ltirr 8144 ax-pre-ltwlin 8145 ax-pre-lttrn 8146 ax-pre-apti 8147 ax-pre-ltadd 8148 ax-pre-mulgt0 8149 ax-pre-mulext 8150 ax-arch 8151 ax-caucvg 8152 ax-addf 8154 ax-mulf 8155 |
| This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 117 df-stab 838 df-dc 842 df-3or 1005 df-3an 1006 df-tru 1400 df-fal 1403 df-xor 1420 df-nf 1509 df-sb 1811 df-eu 2082 df-mo 2083 df-clab 2218 df-cleq 2224 df-clel 2227 df-nfc 2363 df-ne 2403 df-nel 2498 df-ral 2515 df-rex 2516 df-reu 2517 df-rmo 2518 df-rab 2519 df-v 2804 df-sbc 3032 df-csb 3128 df-dif 3202 df-un 3204 df-in 3206 df-ss 3213 df-nul 3495 df-if 3606 df-pw 3654 df-sn 3675 df-pr 3676 df-tp 3677 df-op 3678 df-uni 3894 df-int 3929 df-iun 3972 df-disj 4065 df-br 4089 df-opab 4151 df-mpt 4152 df-tr 4188 df-id 4390 df-po 4393 df-iso 4394 df-iord 4463 df-on 4465 df-ilim 4466 df-suc 4468 df-iom 4689 df-xp 4731 df-rel 4732 df-cnv 4733 df-co 4734 df-dm 4735 df-rn 4736 df-res 4737 df-ima 4738 df-iota 5286 df-fun 5328 df-fn 5329 df-f 5330 df-f1 5331 df-fo 5332 df-f1o 5333 df-fv 5334 df-isom 5335 df-riota 5971 df-ov 6021 df-oprab 6022 df-mpo 6023 df-of 6235 df-1st 6303 df-2nd 6304 df-tpos 6411 df-recs 6471 df-irdg 6536 df-frec 6557 df-1o 6582 df-2o 6583 df-oadd 6586 df-er 6702 df-ec 6704 df-qs 6708 df-map 6819 df-en 6910 df-dom 6911 df-fin 6912 df-sup 7183 df-inf 7184 df-pnf 8216 df-mnf 8217 df-xr 8218 df-ltxr 8219 df-le 8220 df-sub 8352 df-neg 8353 df-reap 8755 df-ap 8762 df-div 8853 df-inn 9144 df-2 9202 df-3 9203 df-4 9204 df-5 9205 df-6 9206 df-7 9207 df-8 9208 df-9 9209 df-n0 9403 df-z 9480 df-dec 9612 df-uz 9756 df-q 9854 df-rp 9889 df-fz 10244 df-fzo 10378 df-fl 10531 df-mod 10586 df-seqfrec 10711 df-exp 10802 df-ihash 11039 df-cj 11407 df-re 11408 df-im 11409 df-rsqrt 11563 df-abs 11564 df-clim 11844 df-sumdc 11919 df-proddc 12117 df-dvds 12354 df-gcd 12530 df-prm 12685 df-phi 12788 df-pc 12863 df-struct 13089 df-ndx 13090 df-slot 13091 df-base 13093 df-sets 13094 df-iress 13095 df-plusg 13178 df-mulr 13179 df-starv 13180 df-sca 13181 df-vsca 13182 df-ip 13183 df-tset 13184 df-ple 13185 df-ds 13187 df-unif 13188 df-0g 13346 df-igsum 13347 df-topgen 13348 df-iimas 13390 df-qus 13391 df-mgm 13444 df-sgrp 13490 df-mnd 13505 df-mhm 13547 df-submnd 13548 df-grp 13591 df-minusg 13592 df-sbg 13593 df-mulg 13712 df-subg 13762 df-nsg 13763 df-eqg 13764 df-ghm 13833 df-cmn 13878 df-abl 13879 df-mgp 13940 df-rng 13952 df-ur 13979 df-srg 13983 df-ring 14017 df-cring 14018 df-oppr 14087 df-dvdsr 14108 df-unit 14109 df-invr 14141 df-dvr 14152 df-rhm 14172 df-nzr 14200 df-subrg 14239 df-domn 14279 df-idom 14280 df-lmod 14309 df-lssm 14373 df-lsp 14407 df-sra 14455 df-rgmod 14456 df-lidl 14489 df-rsp 14490 df-2idl 14520 df-bl 14566 df-mopn 14567 df-fg 14569 df-metu 14570 df-cnfld 14577 df-zring 14611 df-zrh 14634 df-zn 14636 df-lgs 15733 |
| This theorem is referenced by: lgsquad2 15818 |
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