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| Mirrors > Home > ILE Home > Th. List > lgsquad | GIF version | ||
| Description: The Law of Quadratic Reciprocity, see also theorem 9.8 in [ApostolNT] p. 185. If 𝑃 and 𝑄 are distinct odd primes, then the product of the Legendre symbols (𝑃 /L 𝑄) and (𝑄 /L 𝑃) is the parity of ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2). This uses Eisenstein's proof, which also has a nice geometric interpretation - see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_of_quadratic_reciprocity. This is Metamath 100 proof #7. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 19-Jun-2015.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| lgsquad | ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → ((𝑃 /L 𝑄) · (𝑄 /L 𝑃)) = (-1↑(((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | simp1 1021 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2})) | |
| 2 | simp2 1022 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2})) | |
| 3 | simp3 1023 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) | |
| 4 | eqid 2229 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) = ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) | |
| 5 | eqid 2229 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑄 − 1) / 2) = ((𝑄 − 1) / 2) | |
| 6 | eleq1w 2290 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → (𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ↔ 𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)))) | |
| 7 | eleq1w 2290 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑤 → (𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2)) ↔ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) | |
| 8 | 6, 7 | bi2anan9 608 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → ((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ↔ (𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))))) |
| 9 | oveq1 6020 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑤 → (𝑦 · 𝑃) = (𝑤 · 𝑃)) | |
| 10 | oveq1 6020 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → (𝑥 · 𝑄) = (𝑧 · 𝑄)) | |
| 11 | 9, 10 | breqan12rd 4103 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → ((𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄) ↔ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄))) |
| 12 | 8, 11 | anbi12d 473 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → (((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄)) ↔ ((𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄)))) |
| 13 | 12 | cbvopabv 4159 | . 2 ⊢ {〈𝑥, 𝑦〉 ∣ ((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄))} = {〈𝑧, 𝑤〉 ∣ ((𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄))} |
| 14 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 13 | lgsquadlem3 15801 | 1 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → ((𝑃 /L 𝑄) · (𝑄 /L 𝑃)) = (-1↑(((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) |
| Colors of variables: wff set class |
| Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 104 ∧ w3a 1002 = wceq 1395 ∈ wcel 2200 ≠ wne 2400 ∖ cdif 3195 {csn 3667 class class class wbr 4086 {copab 4147 (class class class)co 6013 1c1 8026 · cmul 8030 < clt 8207 − cmin 8343 -cneg 8344 / cdiv 8845 2c2 9187 ...cfz 10236 ↑cexp 10793 ℙcprime 12672 /L clgs 15719 |
| This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-ia1 106 ax-ia2 107 ax-ia3 108 ax-in1 617 ax-in2 618 ax-io 714 ax-5 1493 ax-7 1494 ax-gen 1495 ax-ie1 1539 ax-ie2 1540 ax-8 1550 ax-10 1551 ax-11 1552 ax-i12 1553 ax-bndl 1555 ax-4 1556 ax-17 1572 ax-i9 1576 ax-ial 1580 ax-i5r 1581 ax-13 2202 ax-14 2203 ax-ext 2211 ax-coll 4202 ax-sep 4205 ax-nul 4213 ax-pow 4262 ax-pr 4297 ax-un 4528 ax-setind 4633 ax-iinf 4684 ax-cnex 8116 ax-resscn 8117 ax-1cn 8118 ax-1re 8119 ax-icn 8120 ax-addcl 8121 ax-addrcl 8122 ax-mulcl 8123 ax-mulrcl 8124 ax-addcom 8125 ax-mulcom 8126 ax-addass 8127 ax-mulass 8128 ax-distr 8129 ax-i2m1 8130 ax-0lt1 8131 ax-1rid 8132 ax-0id 8133 ax-rnegex 8134 ax-precex 8135 ax-cnre 8136 ax-pre-ltirr 8137 ax-pre-ltwlin 8138 ax-pre-lttrn 8139 ax-pre-apti 8140 ax-pre-ltadd 8141 ax-pre-mulgt0 8142 ax-pre-mulext 8143 ax-arch 8144 ax-caucvg 8145 ax-addf 8147 ax-mulf 8148 |
| This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 117 df-stab 836 df-dc 840 df-3or 1003 df-3an 1004 df-tru 1398 df-fal 1401 df-xor 1418 df-nf 1507 df-sb 1809 df-eu 2080 df-mo 2081 df-clab 2216 df-cleq 2222 df-clel 2225 df-nfc 2361 df-ne 2401 df-nel 2496 df-ral 2513 df-rex 2514 df-reu 2515 df-rmo 2516 df-rab 2517 df-v 2802 df-sbc 3030 df-csb 3126 df-dif 3200 df-un 3202 df-in 3204 df-ss 3211 df-nul 3493 df-if 3604 df-pw 3652 df-sn 3673 df-pr 3674 df-tp 3675 df-op 3676 df-uni 3892 df-int 3927 df-iun 3970 df-disj 4063 df-br 4087 df-opab 4149 df-mpt 4150 df-tr 4186 df-id 4388 df-po 4391 df-iso 4392 df-iord 4461 df-on 4463 df-ilim 4464 df-suc 4466 df-iom 4687 df-xp 4729 df-rel 4730 df-cnv 4731 df-co 4732 df-dm 4733 df-rn 4734 df-res 4735 df-ima 4736 df-iota 5284 df-fun 5326 df-fn 5327 df-f 5328 df-f1 5329 df-fo 5330 df-f1o 5331 df-fv 5332 df-isom 5333 df-riota 5966 df-ov 6016 df-oprab 6017 df-mpo 6018 df-of 6230 df-1st 6298 df-2nd 6299 df-tpos 6406 df-recs 6466 df-irdg 6531 df-frec 6552 df-1o 6577 df-2o 6578 df-oadd 6581 df-er 6697 df-ec 6699 df-qs 6703 df-map 6814 df-en 6905 df-dom 6906 df-fin 6907 df-sup 7177 df-inf 7178 df-pnf 8209 df-mnf 8210 df-xr 8211 df-ltxr 8212 df-le 8213 df-sub 8345 df-neg 8346 df-reap 8748 df-ap 8755 df-div 8846 df-inn 9137 df-2 9195 df-3 9196 df-4 9197 df-5 9198 df-6 9199 df-7 9200 df-8 9201 df-9 9202 df-n0 9396 df-z 9473 df-dec 9605 df-uz 9749 df-q 9847 df-rp 9882 df-fz 10237 df-fzo 10371 df-fl 10523 df-mod 10578 df-seqfrec 10703 df-exp 10794 df-ihash 11031 df-cj 11396 df-re 11397 df-im 11398 df-rsqrt 11552 df-abs 11553 df-clim 11833 df-sumdc 11908 df-proddc 12105 df-dvds 12342 df-gcd 12518 df-prm 12673 df-phi 12776 df-pc 12851 df-struct 13077 df-ndx 13078 df-slot 13079 df-base 13081 df-sets 13082 df-iress 13083 df-plusg 13166 df-mulr 13167 df-starv 13168 df-sca 13169 df-vsca 13170 df-ip 13171 df-tset 13172 df-ple 13173 df-ds 13175 df-unif 13176 df-0g 13334 df-igsum 13335 df-topgen 13336 df-iimas 13378 df-qus 13379 df-mgm 13432 df-sgrp 13478 df-mnd 13493 df-mhm 13535 df-submnd 13536 df-grp 13579 df-minusg 13580 df-sbg 13581 df-mulg 13700 df-subg 13750 df-nsg 13751 df-eqg 13752 df-ghm 13821 df-cmn 13866 df-abl 13867 df-mgp 13927 df-rng 13939 df-ur 13966 df-srg 13970 df-ring 14004 df-cring 14005 df-oppr 14074 df-dvdsr 14095 df-unit 14096 df-invr 14128 df-dvr 14139 df-rhm 14159 df-nzr 14187 df-subrg 14226 df-domn 14266 df-idom 14267 df-lmod 14296 df-lssm 14360 df-lsp 14394 df-sra 14442 df-rgmod 14443 df-lidl 14476 df-rsp 14477 df-2idl 14507 df-bl 14553 df-mopn 14554 df-fg 14556 df-metu 14557 df-cnfld 14564 df-zring 14598 df-zrh 14621 df-zn 14623 df-lgs 15720 |
| This theorem is referenced by: lgsquad2 15805 |
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