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| Description: The Law of Quadratic Reciprocity, see also theorem 9.8 in [ApostolNT] p. 185. If 𝑃 and 𝑄 are distinct odd primes, then the product of the Legendre symbols (𝑃 /L 𝑄) and (𝑄 /L 𝑃) is the parity of ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2). This uses Eisenstein's proof, which also has a nice geometric interpretation - see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_of_quadratic_reciprocity. This is Metamath 100 proof #7. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 19-Jun-2015.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| lgsquad | ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → ((𝑃 /L 𝑄) · (𝑄 /L 𝑃)) = (-1↑(((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | simp1 1028 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2})) | |
| 2 | simp2 1029 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2})) | |
| 3 | simp3 1030 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) | |
| 4 | eqid 2238 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) = ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) | |
| 5 | eqid 2238 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑄 − 1) / 2) = ((𝑄 − 1) / 2) | |
| 6 | eleq1w 2299 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → (𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ↔ 𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)))) | |
| 7 | eleq1w 2299 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑤 → (𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2)) ↔ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) | |
| 8 | 6, 7 | bi2anan9 614 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → ((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ↔ (𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))))) |
| 9 | oveq1 6092 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑤 → (𝑦 · 𝑃) = (𝑤 · 𝑃)) | |
| 10 | oveq1 6092 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → (𝑥 · 𝑄) = (𝑧 · 𝑄)) | |
| 11 | 9, 10 | breqan12rd 4147 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → ((𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄) ↔ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄))) |
| 12 | 8, 11 | anbi12d 477 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → (((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄)) ↔ ((𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄)))) |
| 13 | 12 | cbvopabv 4203 | . 2 ⊢ {〈𝑥, 𝑦〉 ∣ ((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄))} = {〈𝑧, 𝑤〉 ∣ ((𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄))} |
| 14 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 13 | lgsquadlem3 16320 | 1 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → ((𝑃 /L 𝑄) · (𝑄 /L 𝑃)) = (-1↑(((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) |
| Colors of variables: wff set class |
| This proof depends on syntax axioms: → wi 4 ∧ wa 104 ∧ w3a 1009 = wceq 1402 ∈ wcel 2209 ≠ wne 2420 ∖ cdif 3217 {csn 3709 class class class wbr 4130 {copab 4191 (class class class)co 6085 1c1 8181 · cmul 8185 < clt 8361 − cmin 8499 -cneg 8500 / cdiv 9005 2c2 9358 ...cfz 10422 ↑cexp 10989 ℙcprime 12903 /L clgs 16238 |
| This proof depends on axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-ia1 106 ax-ia2 107 ax-ia3 108 ax-in1 623 ax-in2 624 ax-io 721 ax-5 1500 ax-7 1501 ax-gen 1502 ax-ie1 1546 ax-ie2 1547 ax-8 1557 ax-10 1558 ax-11 1559 ax-i12 1560 ax-bndl 1562 ax-4 1563 ax-17 1579 ax-i9 1583 ax-ial 1587 ax-i5r 1588 ax-14 2212 ax-ext 2220 ax-coll 4246 ax-sep 4249 ax-nul 4259 ax-pow 4311 ax-pr 4346 ax-un 4578 ax-setind 4684 ax-iinf 4735 ax-cnex 8271 ax-resscn 8272 ax-1cn 8273 ax-1re 8274 ax-icn 8275 ax-addcl 8276 ax-addrcl 8277 ax-mulcl 8278 ax-mulrcl 8279 ax-addcom 8280 ax-mulcom 8281 ax-addass 8282 ax-mulass 8283 ax-distr 8284 ax-i2m1 8285 ax-0lt1 8286 ax-1rid 8287 ax-0id 8288 ax-rnegex 8289 ax-precex 8290 ax-cnre 8291 ax-pre-ltirr 8292 ax-pre-ltwlin 8293 ax-pre-lttrn 8294 ax-pre-apti 8295 ax-pre-ltadd 8296 ax-pre-mulgt0 8297 ax-pre-mulext 8298 ax-arch 8299 ax-caucvg 8300 ax-addf 8302 ax-mulf 8303 |
| This proof depends on definitions: df-bi 117 df-stab 843 df-dc 847 df-3or 1010 df-3an 1011 df-tru 1405 df-fal 1408 df-xor 1425 df-nf 1514 df-sb 1816 df-eu 2089 df-mo 2090 df-clab 2225 df-cleq 2231 df-clel 2234 df-nfc 2381 df-ne 2421 df-nel 2516 df-ral 2533 df-rex 2534 df-reu 2535 df-rmo 2536 df-rab 2537 df-v 2823 df-sbc 3052 df-csb 3148 df-dif 3222 df-un 3224 df-in 3226 df-ss 3233 df-nul 3521 df-if 3639 df-pw 3690 df-sn 3715 df-pr 3716 df-tp 3717 df-op 3718 df-uni 3936 df-int 3971 df-iun 4014 df-disj 4107 df-br 4131 df-opab 4193 df-mpt 4194 df-tr 4230 df-id 4438 df-po 4441 df-iso 4442 df-iord 4511 df-on 4513 df-ilim 4514 df-suc 4516 df-iom 4738 df-xp 4780 df-rel 4781 df-cnv 4782 df-co 4783 df-dm 4784 df-rn 4785 df-res 4786 df-ima 4787 df-iota 5337 df-fun 5379 df-fn 5380 df-f 5381 df-f1 5382 df-fo 5383 df-f1o 5384 df-fv 5385 df-isom 5386 df-riota 6038 df-ov 6088 df-oprab 6089 df-mpo 6090 df-of 6302 df-1st 6374 df-2nd 6375 df-tpos 6516 df-recs 6576 df-irdg 6641 df-frec 6662 df-1o 6687 df-2o 6688 df-oadd 6691 df-er 6807 df-ec 6809 df-qs 6813 df-map 6924 df-en 7023 df-dom 7024 df-fin 7025 df-sup 7325 df-inf 7326 df-pnf 8363 df-mnf 8364 df-xr 8365 df-ltxr 8366 df-le 8367 df-sub 8501 df-neg 8502 df-reap 8906 df-ap 8913 df-div 9006 df-inn 9308 df-2 9366 df-3 9367 df-4 9368 df-5 9369 df-6 9370 df-7 9371 df-8 9372 df-9 9373 df-n0 9569 df-z 9650 df-dec 9783 df-uz 9932 df-q 10030 df-rp 10066 df-fz 10423 df-fzo 10561 df-fl 10716 df-mod 10774 df-seqfrec 10899 df-exp 10990 df-ihash 11230 df-cj 11622 df-re 11623 df-im 11624 df-rsqrt 11779 df-abs 11780 df-clim 12063 df-sumdc 12138 df-proddc 12336 df-dvds 12573 df-gcd 12749 df-prm 12904 df-phi 13011 df-pc 13086 df-struct 13405 df-ndx 13406 df-slot 13407 df-base 13409 df-sets 13410 df-iress 13411 df-plusg 13495 df-mulr 13496 df-starv 13497 df-sca 13498 df-vsca 13499 df-ip 13500 df-tset 13501 df-ple 13502 df-ds 13504 df-unif 13505 df-0g 13663 df-gzsum 13664 df-topgen 13665 df-iimas 13675 df-qus 13676 df-mgm 13727 df-sgrp 13768 df-mnd 13781 df-mhm 13817 df-submnd 13818 df-grp 13859 df-minusg 13860 df-sbg 13861 df-mulg 13974 df-subg 14024 df-nsg 14025 df-eqg 14026 df-ghm 14095 df-cmn 14140 df-abl 14141 df-gsumfi 14202 df-mgp 14269 df-rng 14283 df-ur 14314 df-srg 14319 df-ring 14353 df-cring 14354 df-oppr 14424 df-dvdsr 14446 df-unit 14447 df-invr 14479 df-dvr 14490 df-rhm 14510 df-nzr 14538 df-subrg 14578 df-domn 14618 df-idom 14619 df-lmod 14676 df-lssm 14741 df-lsp 14775 df-sra 14823 df-rgmod 14824 df-lidl 14857 df-rsp 14858 df-2idl 14888 df-bl 14934 df-mopn 14935 df-fg 14937 df-metu 14938 df-cnfld 14945 df-zring 14977 df-zrh 15000 df-zn 15002 df-lgs 16239 |
| This theorem is used by: lgsquad2 16324 |
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