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| Mirrors > Home > ILE Home > Th. List > lgsquad | GIF version | ||
| Description: The Law of Quadratic Reciprocity, see also theorem 9.8 in [ApostolNT] p. 185. If 𝑃 and 𝑄 are distinct odd primes, then the product of the Legendre symbols (𝑃 /L 𝑄) and (𝑄 /L 𝑃) is the parity of ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2). This uses Eisenstein's proof, which also has a nice geometric interpretation - see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_of_quadratic_reciprocity. This is Metamath 100 proof #7. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 19-Jun-2015.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| lgsquad | ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → ((𝑃 /L 𝑄) · (𝑄 /L 𝑃)) = (-1↑(((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | simp1 1021 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2})) | |
| 2 | simp2 1022 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2})) | |
| 3 | simp3 1023 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) | |
| 4 | eqid 2229 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) = ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) | |
| 5 | eqid 2229 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑄 − 1) / 2) = ((𝑄 − 1) / 2) | |
| 6 | eleq1w 2290 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → (𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ↔ 𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)))) | |
| 7 | eleq1w 2290 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑤 → (𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2)) ↔ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) | |
| 8 | 6, 7 | bi2anan9 608 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → ((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ↔ (𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))))) |
| 9 | oveq1 6017 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑤 → (𝑦 · 𝑃) = (𝑤 · 𝑃)) | |
| 10 | oveq1 6017 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → (𝑥 · 𝑄) = (𝑧 · 𝑄)) | |
| 11 | 9, 10 | breqan12rd 4100 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → ((𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄) ↔ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄))) |
| 12 | 8, 11 | anbi12d 473 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → (((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄)) ↔ ((𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄)))) |
| 13 | 12 | cbvopabv 4156 | . 2 ⊢ {〈𝑥, 𝑦〉 ∣ ((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄))} = {〈𝑧, 𝑤〉 ∣ ((𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄))} |
| 14 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 13 | lgsquadlem3 15779 | 1 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → ((𝑃 /L 𝑄) · (𝑄 /L 𝑃)) = (-1↑(((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) |
| Colors of variables: wff set class |
| Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 104 ∧ w3a 1002 = wceq 1395 ∈ wcel 2200 ≠ wne 2400 ∖ cdif 3194 {csn 3666 class class class wbr 4083 {copab 4144 (class class class)co 6010 1c1 8016 · cmul 8020 < clt 8197 − cmin 8333 -cneg 8334 / cdiv 8835 2c2 9177 ...cfz 10221 ↑cexp 10777 ℙcprime 12650 /L clgs 15697 |
| This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-ia1 106 ax-ia2 107 ax-ia3 108 ax-in1 617 ax-in2 618 ax-io 714 ax-5 1493 ax-7 1494 ax-gen 1495 ax-ie1 1539 ax-ie2 1540 ax-8 1550 ax-10 1551 ax-11 1552 ax-i12 1553 ax-bndl 1555 ax-4 1556 ax-17 1572 ax-i9 1576 ax-ial 1580 ax-i5r 1581 ax-13 2202 ax-14 2203 ax-ext 2211 ax-coll 4199 ax-sep 4202 ax-nul 4210 ax-pow 4259 ax-pr 4294 ax-un 4525 ax-setind 4630 ax-iinf 4681 ax-cnex 8106 ax-resscn 8107 ax-1cn 8108 ax-1re 8109 ax-icn 8110 ax-addcl 8111 ax-addrcl 8112 ax-mulcl 8113 ax-mulrcl 8114 ax-addcom 8115 ax-mulcom 8116 ax-addass 8117 ax-mulass 8118 ax-distr 8119 ax-i2m1 8120 ax-0lt1 8121 ax-1rid 8122 ax-0id 8123 ax-rnegex 8124 ax-precex 8125 ax-cnre 8126 ax-pre-ltirr 8127 ax-pre-ltwlin 8128 ax-pre-lttrn 8129 ax-pre-apti 8130 ax-pre-ltadd 8131 ax-pre-mulgt0 8132 ax-pre-mulext 8133 ax-arch 8134 ax-caucvg 8135 ax-addf 8137 ax-mulf 8138 |
| This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 117 df-stab 836 df-dc 840 df-3or 1003 df-3an 1004 df-tru 1398 df-fal 1401 df-xor 1418 df-nf 1507 df-sb 1809 df-eu 2080 df-mo 2081 df-clab 2216 df-cleq 2222 df-clel 2225 df-nfc 2361 df-ne 2401 df-nel 2496 df-ral 2513 df-rex 2514 df-reu 2515 df-rmo 2516 df-rab 2517 df-v 2801 df-sbc 3029 df-csb 3125 df-dif 3199 df-un 3201 df-in 3203 df-ss 3210 df-nul 3492 df-if 3603 df-pw 3651 df-sn 3672 df-pr 3673 df-tp 3674 df-op 3675 df-uni 3889 df-int 3924 df-iun 3967 df-disj 4060 df-br 4084 df-opab 4146 df-mpt 4147 df-tr 4183 df-id 4385 df-po 4388 df-iso 4389 df-iord 4458 df-on 4460 df-ilim 4461 df-suc 4463 df-iom 4684 df-xp 4726 df-rel 4727 df-cnv 4728 df-co 4729 df-dm 4730 df-rn 4731 df-res 4732 df-ima 4733 df-iota 5281 df-fun 5323 df-fn 5324 df-f 5325 df-f1 5326 df-fo 5327 df-f1o 5328 df-fv 5329 df-isom 5330 df-riota 5963 df-ov 6013 df-oprab 6014 df-mpo 6015 df-of 6227 df-1st 6295 df-2nd 6296 df-tpos 6402 df-recs 6462 df-irdg 6527 df-frec 6548 df-1o 6573 df-2o 6574 df-oadd 6577 df-er 6693 df-ec 6695 df-qs 6699 df-map 6810 df-en 6901 df-dom 6902 df-fin 6903 df-sup 7167 df-inf 7168 df-pnf 8199 df-mnf 8200 df-xr 8201 df-ltxr 8202 df-le 8203 df-sub 8335 df-neg 8336 df-reap 8738 df-ap 8745 df-div 8836 df-inn 9127 df-2 9185 df-3 9186 df-4 9187 df-5 9188 df-6 9189 df-7 9190 df-8 9191 df-9 9192 df-n0 9386 df-z 9463 df-dec 9595 df-uz 9739 df-q 9832 df-rp 9867 df-fz 10222 df-fzo 10356 df-fl 10507 df-mod 10562 df-seqfrec 10687 df-exp 10778 df-ihash 11015 df-cj 11374 df-re 11375 df-im 11376 df-rsqrt 11530 df-abs 11531 df-clim 11811 df-sumdc 11886 df-proddc 12083 df-dvds 12320 df-gcd 12496 df-prm 12651 df-phi 12754 df-pc 12829 df-struct 13055 df-ndx 13056 df-slot 13057 df-base 13059 df-sets 13060 df-iress 13061 df-plusg 13144 df-mulr 13145 df-starv 13146 df-sca 13147 df-vsca 13148 df-ip 13149 df-tset 13150 df-ple 13151 df-ds 13153 df-unif 13154 df-0g 13312 df-igsum 13313 df-topgen 13314 df-iimas 13356 df-qus 13357 df-mgm 13410 df-sgrp 13456 df-mnd 13471 df-mhm 13513 df-submnd 13514 df-grp 13557 df-minusg 13558 df-sbg 13559 df-mulg 13678 df-subg 13728 df-nsg 13729 df-eqg 13730 df-ghm 13799 df-cmn 13844 df-abl 13845 df-mgp 13905 df-rng 13917 df-ur 13944 df-srg 13948 df-ring 13982 df-cring 13983 df-oppr 14052 df-dvdsr 14073 df-unit 14074 df-invr 14106 df-dvr 14117 df-rhm 14137 df-nzr 14165 df-subrg 14204 df-domn 14244 df-idom 14245 df-lmod 14274 df-lssm 14338 df-lsp 14372 df-sra 14420 df-rgmod 14421 df-lidl 14454 df-rsp 14455 df-2idl 14485 df-bl 14531 df-mopn 14532 df-fg 14534 df-metu 14535 df-cnfld 14542 df-zring 14576 df-zrh 14599 df-zn 14601 df-lgs 15698 |
| This theorem is referenced by: lgsquad2 15783 |
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