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| Mirrors > Home > ILE Home > Th. List > lgsquad | GIF version | ||
| Description: The Law of Quadratic Reciprocity, see also theorem 9.8 in [ApostolNT] p. 185. If 𝑃 and 𝑄 are distinct odd primes, then the product of the Legendre symbols (𝑃 /L 𝑄) and (𝑄 /L 𝑃) is the parity of ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2). This uses Eisenstein's proof, which also has a nice geometric interpretation - see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_of_quadratic_reciprocity. This is Metamath 100 proof #7. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 19-Jun-2015.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| lgsquad | ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → ((𝑃 /L 𝑄) · (𝑄 /L 𝑃)) = (-1↑(((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | simp1 1000 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2})) | |
| 2 | simp2 1001 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2})) | |
| 3 | simp3 1002 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) | |
| 4 | eqid 2206 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) = ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) | |
| 5 | eqid 2206 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑄 − 1) / 2) = ((𝑄 − 1) / 2) | |
| 6 | eleq1w 2267 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → (𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ↔ 𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)))) | |
| 7 | eleq1w 2267 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑤 → (𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2)) ↔ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) | |
| 8 | 6, 7 | bi2anan9 606 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → ((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ↔ (𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))))) |
| 9 | oveq1 5961 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑤 → (𝑦 · 𝑃) = (𝑤 · 𝑃)) | |
| 10 | oveq1 5961 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → (𝑥 · 𝑄) = (𝑧 · 𝑄)) | |
| 11 | 9, 10 | breqan12rd 4065 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → ((𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄) ↔ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄))) |
| 12 | 8, 11 | anbi12d 473 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → (((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄)) ↔ ((𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄)))) |
| 13 | 12 | cbvopabv 4121 | . 2 ⊢ {〈𝑥, 𝑦〉 ∣ ((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄))} = {〈𝑧, 𝑤〉 ∣ ((𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄))} |
| 14 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 13 | lgsquadlem3 15606 | 1 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → ((𝑃 /L 𝑄) · (𝑄 /L 𝑃)) = (-1↑(((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) |
| Colors of variables: wff set class |
| Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 104 ∧ w3a 981 = wceq 1373 ∈ wcel 2177 ≠ wne 2377 ∖ cdif 3165 {csn 3635 class class class wbr 4048 {copab 4109 (class class class)co 5954 1c1 7939 · cmul 7943 < clt 8120 − cmin 8256 -cneg 8257 / cdiv 8758 2c2 9100 ...cfz 10143 ↑cexp 10696 ℙcprime 12479 /L clgs 15524 |
| This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-ia1 106 ax-ia2 107 ax-ia3 108 ax-in1 615 ax-in2 616 ax-io 711 ax-5 1471 ax-7 1472 ax-gen 1473 ax-ie1 1517 ax-ie2 1518 ax-8 1528 ax-10 1529 ax-11 1530 ax-i12 1531 ax-bndl 1533 ax-4 1534 ax-17 1550 ax-i9 1554 ax-ial 1558 ax-i5r 1559 ax-13 2179 ax-14 2180 ax-ext 2188 ax-coll 4164 ax-sep 4167 ax-nul 4175 ax-pow 4223 ax-pr 4258 ax-un 4485 ax-setind 4590 ax-iinf 4641 ax-cnex 8029 ax-resscn 8030 ax-1cn 8031 ax-1re 8032 ax-icn 8033 ax-addcl 8034 ax-addrcl 8035 ax-mulcl 8036 ax-mulrcl 8037 ax-addcom 8038 ax-mulcom 8039 ax-addass 8040 ax-mulass 8041 ax-distr 8042 ax-i2m1 8043 ax-0lt1 8044 ax-1rid 8045 ax-0id 8046 ax-rnegex 8047 ax-precex 8048 ax-cnre 8049 ax-pre-ltirr 8050 ax-pre-ltwlin 8051 ax-pre-lttrn 8052 ax-pre-apti 8053 ax-pre-ltadd 8054 ax-pre-mulgt0 8055 ax-pre-mulext 8056 ax-arch 8057 ax-caucvg 8058 ax-addf 8060 ax-mulf 8061 |
| This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 117 df-stab 833 df-dc 837 df-3or 982 df-3an 983 df-tru 1376 df-fal 1379 df-xor 1396 df-nf 1485 df-sb 1787 df-eu 2058 df-mo 2059 df-clab 2193 df-cleq 2199 df-clel 2202 df-nfc 2338 df-ne 2378 df-nel 2473 df-ral 2490 df-rex 2491 df-reu 2492 df-rmo 2493 df-rab 2494 df-v 2775 df-sbc 3001 df-csb 3096 df-dif 3170 df-un 3172 df-in 3174 df-ss 3181 df-nul 3463 df-if 3574 df-pw 3620 df-sn 3641 df-pr 3642 df-tp 3643 df-op 3644 df-uni 3854 df-int 3889 df-iun 3932 df-disj 4025 df-br 4049 df-opab 4111 df-mpt 4112 df-tr 4148 df-id 4345 df-po 4348 df-iso 4349 df-iord 4418 df-on 4420 df-ilim 4421 df-suc 4423 df-iom 4644 df-xp 4686 df-rel 4687 df-cnv 4688 df-co 4689 df-dm 4690 df-rn 4691 df-res 4692 df-ima 4693 df-iota 5238 df-fun 5279 df-fn 5280 df-f 5281 df-f1 5282 df-fo 5283 df-f1o 5284 df-fv 5285 df-isom 5286 df-riota 5909 df-ov 5957 df-oprab 5958 df-mpo 5959 df-of 6168 df-1st 6236 df-2nd 6237 df-tpos 6341 df-recs 6401 df-irdg 6466 df-frec 6487 df-1o 6512 df-2o 6513 df-oadd 6516 df-er 6630 df-ec 6632 df-qs 6636 df-map 6747 df-en 6838 df-dom 6839 df-fin 6840 df-sup 7098 df-inf 7099 df-pnf 8122 df-mnf 8123 df-xr 8124 df-ltxr 8125 df-le 8126 df-sub 8258 df-neg 8259 df-reap 8661 df-ap 8668 df-div 8759 df-inn 9050 df-2 9108 df-3 9109 df-4 9110 df-5 9111 df-6 9112 df-7 9113 df-8 9114 df-9 9115 df-n0 9309 df-z 9386 df-dec 9518 df-uz 9662 df-q 9754 df-rp 9789 df-fz 10144 df-fzo 10278 df-fl 10426 df-mod 10481 df-seqfrec 10606 df-exp 10697 df-ihash 10934 df-cj 11203 df-re 11204 df-im 11205 df-rsqrt 11359 df-abs 11360 df-clim 11640 df-sumdc 11715 df-proddc 11912 df-dvds 12149 df-gcd 12325 df-prm 12480 df-phi 12583 df-pc 12658 df-struct 12884 df-ndx 12885 df-slot 12886 df-base 12888 df-sets 12889 df-iress 12890 df-plusg 12972 df-mulr 12973 df-starv 12974 df-sca 12975 df-vsca 12976 df-ip 12977 df-tset 12978 df-ple 12979 df-ds 12981 df-unif 12982 df-0g 13140 df-igsum 13141 df-topgen 13142 df-iimas 13184 df-qus 13185 df-mgm 13238 df-sgrp 13284 df-mnd 13299 df-mhm 13341 df-submnd 13342 df-grp 13385 df-minusg 13386 df-sbg 13387 df-mulg 13506 df-subg 13556 df-nsg 13557 df-eqg 13558 df-ghm 13627 df-cmn 13672 df-abl 13673 df-mgp 13733 df-rng 13745 df-ur 13772 df-srg 13776 df-ring 13810 df-cring 13811 df-oppr 13880 df-dvdsr 13901 df-unit 13902 df-invr 13933 df-dvr 13944 df-rhm 13964 df-nzr 13992 df-subrg 14031 df-domn 14071 df-idom 14072 df-lmod 14101 df-lssm 14165 df-lsp 14199 df-sra 14247 df-rgmod 14248 df-lidl 14281 df-rsp 14282 df-2idl 14312 df-bl 14358 df-mopn 14359 df-fg 14361 df-metu 14362 df-cnfld 14369 df-zring 14403 df-zrh 14426 df-zn 14428 df-lgs 15525 |
| This theorem is referenced by: lgsquad2 15610 |
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