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Theorem numclwwlk1 30390
Description: Statement 9 in [Huneke] p. 2: "If n > 1, then the number of closed n-walks v(0) ... v(n-2) v(n-1) v(n) from v = v(0) = v(n) with v(n-2) = v is kf(n-2)". Since 𝐺 is k-regular, the vertex v(n-2) = v has k neighbors v(n-1), so there are k walks from v(n-2) = v to v(n) = v (via each of v's neighbors) completing each of the f(n-2) walks from v=v(0) to v(n-2)=v. This theorem holds even for k=0, but not for n=2, since 𝐹 = ∅, but (𝑋𝐶2), the set of closed walks with length 2 on 𝑋, see 2clwwlk2 30377, needs not be in this case. This is because of the special definition of 𝐹 and the usage of words to represent (closed) walks, and does not contradict Huneke's statement, which would read "the number of closed 2-walks v(0) v(1) v(2) from v = v(0) = v(2) ... is kf(0)", where f(0)=1 is the number of empty closed walks on v, see numclwlk1lem1 30398. If the general representation of (closed) walk is used, Huneke's statement can be proven even for n = 2, see numclwlk1 30400. This case, however, is not required to prove the friendship theorem. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-Sep-2018.) (Revised by AV, 29-May-2021.) (Revised by AV, 6-Mar-2022.) (Proof shortened by AV, 31-Jul-2022.)
Hypotheses
Ref Expression
extwwlkfab.v 𝑉 = (Vtx‘𝐺)
extwwlkfab.c 𝐶 = (𝑣𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) = 𝑣})
extwwlkfab.f 𝐹 = (𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2))
Assertion
Ref Expression
numclwwlk1 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋𝐶𝑁)) = (𝐾 · (♯‘𝐹)))
Distinct variable groups:   𝑛,𝐺,𝑣,𝑤   𝑛,𝑁,𝑣,𝑤   𝑛,𝑉,𝑣,𝑤   𝑛,𝑋,𝑣,𝑤   𝑤,𝐹
Allowed substitution hints:   𝐶(𝑤,𝑣,𝑛)   𝐹(𝑣,𝑛)   𝐾(𝑤,𝑣,𝑛)

Proof of Theorem numclwwlk1
Dummy variable 𝑥 is distinct from all other variables.
StepHypRef Expression
1 rusgrusgr 29597 . . . . 5 (𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾𝐺 ∈ USGraph)
21ad2antlr 727 . . . 4 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → 𝐺 ∈ USGraph)
3 simprl 771 . . . 4 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → 𝑋𝑉)
4 simprr 773 . . . 4 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))
5 extwwlkfab.v . . . . 5 𝑉 = (Vtx‘𝐺)
6 extwwlkfab.c . . . . 5 𝐶 = (𝑣𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) = 𝑣})
7 extwwlkfab.f . . . . 5 𝐹 = (𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2))
85, 6, 7numclwwlk1lem2 30389 . . . 4 ((𝐺 ∈ USGraph ∧ 𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3)) → (𝑋𝐶𝑁) ≈ (𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)))
92, 3, 4, 8syl3anc 1370 . . 3 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → (𝑋𝐶𝑁) ≈ (𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)))
10 hasheni 14384 . . 3 ((𝑋𝐶𝑁) ≈ (𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) → (♯‘(𝑋𝐶𝑁)) = (♯‘(𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))))
119, 10syl 17 . 2 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋𝐶𝑁)) = (♯‘(𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))))
12 eqid 2735 . . . . . . 7 (Vtx‘𝐺) = (Vtx‘𝐺)
1312clwwlknonfin 30123 . . . . . 6 ((Vtx‘𝐺) ∈ Fin → (𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)) ∈ Fin)
145eleq1i 2830 . . . . . 6 (𝑉 ∈ Fin ↔ (Vtx‘𝐺) ∈ Fin)
157eleq1i 2830 . . . . . 6 (𝐹 ∈ Fin ↔ (𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)) ∈ Fin)
1613, 14, 153imtr4i 292 . . . . 5 (𝑉 ∈ Fin → 𝐹 ∈ Fin)
1716adantr 480 . . . 4 ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) → 𝐹 ∈ Fin)
1817adantr 480 . . 3 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → 𝐹 ∈ Fin)
195finrusgrfusgr 29598 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾𝑉 ∈ Fin) → 𝐺 ∈ FinUSGraph)
2019ancoms 458 . . . . . 6 ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) → 𝐺 ∈ FinUSGraph)
21 fusgrfis 29362 . . . . . 6 (𝐺 ∈ FinUSGraph → (Edg‘𝐺) ∈ Fin)
2220, 21syl 17 . . . . 5 ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) → (Edg‘𝐺) ∈ Fin)
2322adantr 480 . . . 4 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → (Edg‘𝐺) ∈ Fin)
24 eqid 2735 . . . . 5 (Edg‘𝐺) = (Edg‘𝐺)
255, 24nbusgrfi 29406 . . . 4 ((𝐺 ∈ USGraph ∧ (Edg‘𝐺) ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋𝑉) → (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋) ∈ Fin)
262, 23, 3, 25syl3anc 1370 . . 3 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋) ∈ Fin)
27 hashxp 14470 . . 3 ((𝐹 ∈ Fin ∧ (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋) ∈ Fin) → (♯‘(𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))) = ((♯‘𝐹) · (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))))
2818, 26, 27syl2anc 584 . 2 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → (♯‘(𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))) = ((♯‘𝐹) · (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))))
295rusgrpropnb 29616 . . . . . . . . 9 (𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 → (𝐺 ∈ USGraph ∧ 𝐾 ∈ ℕ0* ∧ ∀𝑥𝑉 (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑥)) = 𝐾))
30 oveq2 7439 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 (𝑥 = 𝑋 → (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑥) = (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))
3130fveqeq2d 6915 . . . . . . . . . . 11 (𝑥 = 𝑋 → ((♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑥)) = 𝐾 ↔ (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾))
3231rspccv 3619 . . . . . . . . . 10 (∀𝑥𝑉 (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑥)) = 𝐾 → (𝑋𝑉 → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾))
33323ad2ant3 1134 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐺 ∈ USGraph ∧ 𝐾 ∈ ℕ0* ∧ ∀𝑥𝑉 (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑥)) = 𝐾) → (𝑋𝑉 → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾))
3429, 33syl 17 . . . . . . . 8 (𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 → (𝑋𝑉 → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾))
3534adantl 481 . . . . . . 7 ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) → (𝑋𝑉 → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾))
3635com12 32 . . . . . 6 (𝑋𝑉 → ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾))
3736adantr 480 . . . . 5 ((𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3)) → ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾))
3837impcom 407 . . . 4 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾)
3938oveq2d 7447 . . 3 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → ((♯‘𝐹) · (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))) = ((♯‘𝐹) · 𝐾))
40 hashcl 14392 . . . . 5 (𝐹 ∈ Fin → (♯‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ0)
41 nn0cn 12534 . . . . 5 ((♯‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ0 → (♯‘𝐹) ∈ ℂ)
4218, 40, 413syl 18 . . . 4 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → (♯‘𝐹) ∈ ℂ)
4320adantr 480 . . . . . 6 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → 𝐺 ∈ FinUSGraph)
44 simplr 769 . . . . . 6 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾)
45 ne0i 4347 . . . . . . . 8 (𝑋𝑉𝑉 ≠ ∅)
4645adantr 480 . . . . . . 7 ((𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3)) → 𝑉 ≠ ∅)
4746adantl 481 . . . . . 6 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → 𝑉 ≠ ∅)
485frusgrnn0 29604 . . . . . 6 ((𝐺 ∈ FinUSGraph ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾𝑉 ≠ ∅) → 𝐾 ∈ ℕ0)
4943, 44, 47, 48syl3anc 1370 . . . . 5 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → 𝐾 ∈ ℕ0)
5049nn0cnd 12587 . . . 4 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → 𝐾 ∈ ℂ)
5142, 50mulcomd 11280 . . 3 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → ((♯‘𝐹) · 𝐾) = (𝐾 · (♯‘𝐹)))
5239, 51eqtrd 2775 . 2 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → ((♯‘𝐹) · (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))) = (𝐾 · (♯‘𝐹)))
5311, 28, 523eqtrd 2779 1 (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋𝑉𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋𝐶𝑁)) = (𝐾 · (♯‘𝐹)))
Colors of variables: wff setvar class
Syntax hints:  wi 4  wa 395  w3a 1086   = wceq 1537  wcel 2106  wne 2938  wral 3059  {crab 3433  c0 4339   class class class wbr 5148   × cxp 5687  cfv 6563  (class class class)co 7431  cmpo 7433  cen 8981  Fincfn 8984  cc 11151   · cmul 11158  cmin 11490  2c2 12319  3c3 12320  0cn0 12524  0*cxnn0 12597  cuz 12876  chash 14366  Vtxcvtx 29028  Edgcedg 29079  USGraphcusgr 29181  FinUSGraphcfusgr 29348   NeighbVtx cnbgr 29364   RegUSGraph crusgr 29589  ClWWalksNOncclwwlknon 30116
This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1792  ax-4 1806  ax-5 1908  ax-6 1965  ax-7 2005  ax-8 2108  ax-9 2116  ax-10 2139  ax-11 2155  ax-12 2175  ax-ext 2706  ax-rep 5285  ax-sep 5302  ax-nul 5312  ax-pow 5371  ax-pr 5438  ax-un 7754  ax-cnex 11209  ax-resscn 11210  ax-1cn 11211  ax-icn 11212  ax-addcl 11213  ax-addrcl 11214  ax-mulcl 11215  ax-mulrcl 11216  ax-mulcom 11217  ax-addass 11218  ax-mulass 11219  ax-distr 11220  ax-i2m1 11221  ax-1ne0 11222  ax-1rid 11223  ax-rnegex 11224  ax-rrecex 11225  ax-cnre 11226  ax-pre-lttri 11227  ax-pre-lttrn 11228  ax-pre-ltadd 11229  ax-pre-mulgt0 11230
This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 207  df-an 396  df-or 848  df-3or 1087  df-3an 1088  df-tru 1540  df-fal 1550  df-ex 1777  df-nf 1781  df-sb 2063  df-mo 2538  df-eu 2567  df-clab 2713  df-cleq 2727  df-clel 2814  df-nfc 2890  df-ne 2939  df-nel 3045  df-ral 3060  df-rex 3069  df-rmo 3378  df-reu 3379  df-rab 3434  df-v 3480  df-sbc 3792  df-csb 3909  df-dif 3966  df-un 3968  df-in 3970  df-ss 3980  df-pss 3983  df-nul 4340  df-if 4532  df-pw 4607  df-sn 4632  df-pr 4634  df-op 4638  df-uni 4913  df-int 4952  df-iun 4998  df-br 5149  df-opab 5211  df-mpt 5232  df-tr 5266  df-id 5583  df-eprel 5589  df-po 5597  df-so 5598  df-fr 5641  df-we 5643  df-xp 5695  df-rel 5696  df-cnv 5697  df-co 5698  df-dm 5699  df-rn 5700  df-res 5701  df-ima 5702  df-pred 6323  df-ord 6389  df-on 6390  df-lim 6391  df-suc 6392  df-iota 6516  df-fun 6565  df-fn 6566  df-f 6567  df-f1 6568  df-fo 6569  df-f1o 6570  df-fv 6571  df-riota 7388  df-ov 7434  df-oprab 7435  df-mpo 7436  df-om 7888  df-1st 8013  df-2nd 8014  df-frecs 8305  df-wrecs 8336  df-recs 8410  df-rdg 8449  df-1o 8505  df-2o 8506  df-oadd 8509  df-er 8744  df-map 8867  df-pm 8868  df-en 8985  df-dom 8986  df-sdom 8987  df-fin 8988  df-dju 9939  df-card 9977  df-pnf 11295  df-mnf 11296  df-xr 11297  df-ltxr 11298  df-le 11299  df-sub 11492  df-neg 11493  df-nn 12265  df-2 12327  df-3 12328  df-n0 12525  df-xnn0 12598  df-z 12612  df-uz 12877  df-rp 13033  df-xadd 13153  df-fz 13545  df-fzo 13692  df-seq 14040  df-exp 14100  df-hash 14367  df-word 14550  df-lsw 14598  df-concat 14606  df-s1 14631  df-substr 14676  df-pfx 14706  df-s2 14884  df-vtx 29030  df-iedg 29031  df-edg 29080  df-uhgr 29090  df-ushgr 29091  df-upgr 29114  df-umgr 29115  df-uspgr 29182  df-usgr 29183  df-fusgr 29349  df-nbgr 29365  df-vtxdg 29499  df-rgr 29590  df-rusgr 29591  df-wwlks 29860  df-wwlksn 29861  df-clwwlk 30011  df-clwwlkn 30054  df-clwwlknon 30117
This theorem is referenced by:  numclwlk1lem2  30399  numclwwlk3  30414
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