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Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > numclwwlk1 | Structured version Visualization version GIF version |
Description: Statement 9 in [Huneke] p. 2: "If n > 1, then the number of closed n-walks v(0) ... v(n-2) v(n-1) v(n) from v = v(0) = v(n) with v(n-2) = v is kf(n-2)". Since 𝐺 is k-regular, the vertex v(n-2) = v has k neighbors v(n-1), so there are k walks from v(n-2) = v to v(n) = v (via each of v's neighbors) completing each of the f(n-2) walks from v=v(0) to v(n-2)=v. This theorem holds even for k=0, but not for n=2, since 𝐹 = ∅, but (𝑋𝐶2), the set of closed walks with length 2 on 𝑋, see 2clwwlk2 28403, needs not be ∅ in this case. This is because of the special definition of 𝐹 and the usage of words to represent (closed) walks, and does not contradict Huneke's statement, which would read "the number of closed 2-walks v(0) v(1) v(2) from v = v(0) = v(2) ... is kf(0)", where f(0)=1 is the number of empty closed walks on v, see numclwlk1lem1 28424. If the general representation of (closed) walk is used, Huneke's statement can be proven even for n = 2, see numclwlk1 28426. This case, however, is not required to prove the friendship theorem. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-Sep-2018.) (Revised by AV, 29-May-2021.) (Revised by AV, 6-Mar-2022.) (Proof shortened by AV, 31-Jul-2022.) |
Ref | Expression |
---|---|
extwwlkfab.v | ⊢ 𝑉 = (Vtx‘𝐺) |
extwwlkfab.c | ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) = 𝑣}) |
extwwlkfab.f | ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)) |
Ref | Expression |
---|---|
numclwwlk1 | ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋𝐶𝑁)) = (𝐾 · (♯‘𝐹))) |
Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
---|---|---|---|
1 | rusgrusgr 27624 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 → 𝐺 ∈ USGraph) | |
2 | 1 | ad2antlr 727 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝐺 ∈ USGraph) |
3 | simprl 771 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉) | |
4 | simprr 773 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) | |
5 | extwwlkfab.v | . . . . 5 ⊢ 𝑉 = (Vtx‘𝐺) | |
6 | extwwlkfab.c | . . . . 5 ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) = 𝑣}) | |
7 | extwwlkfab.f | . . . . 5 ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)) | |
8 | 5, 6, 7 | numclwwlk1lem2 28415 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ USGraph ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) → (𝑋𝐶𝑁) ≈ (𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))) |
9 | 2, 3, 4, 8 | syl3anc 1373 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (𝑋𝐶𝑁) ≈ (𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))) |
10 | hasheni 13897 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝑋𝐶𝑁) ≈ (𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) → (♯‘(𝑋𝐶𝑁)) = (♯‘(𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)))) | |
11 | 9, 10 | syl 17 | . 2 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋𝐶𝑁)) = (♯‘(𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)))) |
12 | eqid 2734 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (Vtx‘𝐺) = (Vtx‘𝐺) | |
13 | 12 | clwwlknonfin 28149 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((Vtx‘𝐺) ∈ Fin → (𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)) ∈ Fin) |
14 | 5 | eleq1i 2824 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ↔ (Vtx‘𝐺) ∈ Fin) |
15 | 7 | eleq1i 2824 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐹 ∈ Fin ↔ (𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)) ∈ Fin) |
16 | 13, 14, 15 | 3imtr4i 295 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑉 ∈ Fin → 𝐹 ∈ Fin) |
17 | 16 | adantr 484 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) → 𝐹 ∈ Fin) |
18 | 17 | adantr 484 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝐹 ∈ Fin) |
19 | 5 | finrusgrfusgr 27625 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝑉 ∈ Fin) → 𝐺 ∈ FinUSGraph) |
20 | 19 | ancoms 462 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) → 𝐺 ∈ FinUSGraph) |
21 | fusgrfis 27390 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐺 ∈ FinUSGraph → (Edg‘𝐺) ∈ Fin) | |
22 | 20, 21 | syl 17 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) → (Edg‘𝐺) ∈ Fin) |
23 | 22 | adantr 484 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (Edg‘𝐺) ∈ Fin) |
24 | eqid 2734 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (Edg‘𝐺) = (Edg‘𝐺) | |
25 | 5, 24 | nbusgrfi 27434 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ USGraph ∧ (Edg‘𝐺) ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋) ∈ Fin) |
26 | 2, 23, 3, 25 | syl3anc 1373 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋) ∈ Fin) |
27 | hashxp 13984 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ Fin ∧ (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋) ∈ Fin) → (♯‘(𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))) = ((♯‘𝐹) · (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)))) | |
28 | 18, 26, 27 | syl2anc 587 | . 2 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))) = ((♯‘𝐹) · (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)))) |
29 | 5 | rusgrpropnb 27643 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 → (𝐺 ∈ USGraph ∧ 𝐾 ∈ ℕ0* ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑥)) = 𝐾)) |
30 | oveq2 7210 | . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑋 → (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑥) = (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) | |
31 | 30 | fveqeq2d 6714 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑋 → ((♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑥)) = 𝐾 ↔ (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾)) |
32 | 31 | rspccv 3527 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑥)) = 𝐾 → (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾)) |
33 | 32 | 3ad2ant3 1137 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ USGraph ∧ 𝐾 ∈ ℕ0* ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑥)) = 𝐾) → (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾)) |
34 | 29, 33 | syl 17 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 → (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾)) |
35 | 34 | adantl 485 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) → (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾)) |
36 | 35 | com12 32 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾)) |
37 | 36 | adantr 484 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) → ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾)) |
38 | 37 | impcom 411 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾) |
39 | 38 | oveq2d 7218 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → ((♯‘𝐹) · (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))) = ((♯‘𝐹) · 𝐾)) |
40 | hashcl 13906 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐹 ∈ Fin → (♯‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ0) | |
41 | nn0cn 12083 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ((♯‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ0 → (♯‘𝐹) ∈ ℂ) | |
42 | 18, 40, 41 | 3syl 18 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘𝐹) ∈ ℂ) |
43 | 20 | adantr 484 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝐺 ∈ FinUSGraph) |
44 | simplr 769 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) | |
45 | ne0i 4239 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝑉 ≠ ∅) | |
46 | 45 | adantr 484 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) → 𝑉 ≠ ∅) |
47 | 46 | adantl 485 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝑉 ≠ ∅) |
48 | 5 | frusgrnn0 27631 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ FinUSGraph ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝑉 ≠ ∅) → 𝐾 ∈ ℕ0) |
49 | 43, 44, 47, 48 | syl3anc 1373 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝐾 ∈ ℕ0) |
50 | 49 | nn0cnd 12135 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝐾 ∈ ℂ) |
51 | 42, 50 | mulcomd 10837 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → ((♯‘𝐹) · 𝐾) = (𝐾 · (♯‘𝐹))) |
52 | 39, 51 | eqtrd 2774 | . 2 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → ((♯‘𝐹) · (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))) = (𝐾 · (♯‘𝐹))) |
53 | 11, 28, 52 | 3eqtrd 2778 | 1 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋𝐶𝑁)) = (𝐾 · (♯‘𝐹))) |
Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 399 ∧ w3a 1089 = wceq 1543 ∈ wcel 2110 ≠ wne 2935 ∀wral 3054 {crab 3058 ∅c0 4227 class class class wbr 5043 × cxp 5538 ‘cfv 6369 (class class class)co 7202 ∈ cmpo 7204 ≈ cen 8612 Fincfn 8615 ℂcc 10710 · cmul 10717 − cmin 11045 2c2 11868 3c3 11869 ℕ0cn0 12073 ℕ0*cxnn0 12145 ℤ≥cuz 12421 ♯chash 13879 Vtxcvtx 27059 Edgcedg 27110 USGraphcusgr 27212 FinUSGraphcfusgr 27376 NeighbVtx cnbgr 27392 RegUSGraph crusgr 27616 ClWWalksNOncclwwlknon 28142 |
This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1803 ax-4 1817 ax-5 1918 ax-6 1976 ax-7 2016 ax-8 2112 ax-9 2120 ax-10 2141 ax-11 2158 ax-12 2175 ax-ext 2706 ax-rep 5168 ax-sep 5181 ax-nul 5188 ax-pow 5247 ax-pr 5311 ax-un 7512 ax-cnex 10768 ax-resscn 10769 ax-1cn 10770 ax-icn 10771 ax-addcl 10772 ax-addrcl 10773 ax-mulcl 10774 ax-mulrcl 10775 ax-mulcom 10776 ax-addass 10777 ax-mulass 10778 ax-distr 10779 ax-i2m1 10780 ax-1ne0 10781 ax-1rid 10782 ax-rnegex 10783 ax-rrecex 10784 ax-cnre 10785 ax-pre-lttri 10786 ax-pre-lttrn 10787 ax-pre-ltadd 10788 ax-pre-mulgt0 10789 |
This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 210 df-an 400 df-or 848 df-3or 1090 df-3an 1091 df-tru 1546 df-fal 1556 df-ex 1788 df-nf 1792 df-sb 2071 df-mo 2537 df-eu 2566 df-clab 2713 df-cleq 2726 df-clel 2812 df-nfc 2882 df-ne 2936 df-nel 3040 df-ral 3059 df-rex 3060 df-reu 3061 df-rmo 3062 df-rab 3063 df-v 3403 df-sbc 3688 df-csb 3803 df-dif 3860 df-un 3862 df-in 3864 df-ss 3874 df-pss 3876 df-nul 4228 df-if 4430 df-pw 4505 df-sn 4532 df-pr 4534 df-tp 4536 df-op 4538 df-uni 4810 df-int 4850 df-iun 4896 df-br 5044 df-opab 5106 df-mpt 5125 df-tr 5151 df-id 5444 df-eprel 5449 df-po 5457 df-so 5458 df-fr 5498 df-we 5500 df-xp 5546 df-rel 5547 df-cnv 5548 df-co 5549 df-dm 5550 df-rn 5551 df-res 5552 df-ima 5553 df-pred 6149 df-ord 6205 df-on 6206 df-lim 6207 df-suc 6208 df-iota 6327 df-fun 6371 df-fn 6372 df-f 6373 df-f1 6374 df-fo 6375 df-f1o 6376 df-fv 6377 df-riota 7159 df-ov 7205 df-oprab 7206 df-mpo 7207 df-om 7634 df-1st 7750 df-2nd 7751 df-wrecs 8036 df-recs 8097 df-rdg 8135 df-1o 8191 df-2o 8192 df-oadd 8195 df-er 8380 df-map 8499 df-pm 8500 df-en 8616 df-dom 8617 df-sdom 8618 df-fin 8619 df-dju 9500 df-card 9538 df-pnf 10852 df-mnf 10853 df-xr 10854 df-ltxr 10855 df-le 10856 df-sub 11047 df-neg 11048 df-nn 11814 df-2 11876 df-3 11877 df-n0 12074 df-xnn0 12146 df-z 12160 df-uz 12422 df-rp 12570 df-xadd 12688 df-fz 13079 df-fzo 13222 df-seq 13558 df-exp 13619 df-hash 13880 df-word 14053 df-lsw 14101 df-concat 14109 df-s1 14136 df-substr 14189 df-pfx 14219 df-s2 14396 df-vtx 27061 df-iedg 27062 df-edg 27111 df-uhgr 27121 df-ushgr 27122 df-upgr 27145 df-umgr 27146 df-uspgr 27213 df-usgr 27214 df-fusgr 27377 df-nbgr 27393 df-vtxdg 27526 df-rgr 27617 df-rusgr 27618 df-wwlks 27886 df-wwlksn 27887 df-clwwlk 28037 df-clwwlkn 28080 df-clwwlknon 28143 |
This theorem is referenced by: numclwlk1lem2 28425 numclwwlk3 28440 |
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