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Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > numclwwlk1 | Structured version Visualization version GIF version |
Description: Statement 9 in [Huneke] p. 2: "If n > 1, then the number of closed n-walks v(0) ... v(n-2) v(n-1) v(n) from v = v(0) = v(n) with v(n-2) = v is kf(n-2)". Since 𝐺 is k-regular, the vertex v(n-2) = v has k neighbors v(n-1), so there are k walks from v(n-2) = v to v(n) = v (via each of v's neighbors) completing each of the f(n-2) walks from v=v(0) to v(n-2)=v. This theorem holds even for k=0, but not for n=2, since 𝐹 = ∅, but (𝑋𝐶2), the set of closed walks with length 2 on 𝑋, see 2clwwlk2 28130, needs not be ∅ in this case. This is because of the special definition of 𝐹 and the usage of words to represent (closed) walks, and does not contradict Huneke's statement, which would read "the number of closed 2-walks v(0) v(1) v(2) from v = v(0) = v(2) ... is kf(0)", where f(0)=1 is the number of empty closed walks on v, see numclwlk1lem1 28151. If the general representation of (closed) walk is used, Huneke's statement can be proven even for n = 2, see numclwlk1 28153. This case, however, is not required to prove the friendship theorem. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-Sep-2018.) (Revised by AV, 29-May-2021.) (Revised by AV, 6-Mar-2022.) (Proof shortened by AV, 31-Jul-2022.) |
Ref | Expression |
---|---|
extwwlkfab.v | ⊢ 𝑉 = (Vtx‘𝐺) |
extwwlkfab.c | ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) = 𝑣}) |
extwwlkfab.f | ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)) |
Ref | Expression |
---|---|
numclwwlk1 | ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋𝐶𝑁)) = (𝐾 · (♯‘𝐹))) |
Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
---|---|---|---|
1 | rusgrusgr 27349 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 → 𝐺 ∈ USGraph) | |
2 | 1 | ad2antlr 725 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝐺 ∈ USGraph) |
3 | simprl 769 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉) | |
4 | simprr 771 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) | |
5 | extwwlkfab.v | . . . . 5 ⊢ 𝑉 = (Vtx‘𝐺) | |
6 | extwwlkfab.c | . . . . 5 ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) = 𝑣}) | |
7 | extwwlkfab.f | . . . . 5 ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)) | |
8 | 5, 6, 7 | numclwwlk1lem2 28142 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ USGraph ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) → (𝑋𝐶𝑁) ≈ (𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))) |
9 | 2, 3, 4, 8 | syl3anc 1367 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (𝑋𝐶𝑁) ≈ (𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))) |
10 | hasheni 13711 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝑋𝐶𝑁) ≈ (𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) → (♯‘(𝑋𝐶𝑁)) = (♯‘(𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)))) | |
11 | 9, 10 | syl 17 | . 2 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋𝐶𝑁)) = (♯‘(𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)))) |
12 | eqid 2824 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (Vtx‘𝐺) = (Vtx‘𝐺) | |
13 | 12 | clwwlknonfin 27876 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((Vtx‘𝐺) ∈ Fin → (𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)) ∈ Fin) |
14 | 5 | eleq1i 2906 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ↔ (Vtx‘𝐺) ∈ Fin) |
15 | 7 | eleq1i 2906 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐹 ∈ Fin ↔ (𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)) ∈ Fin) |
16 | 13, 14, 15 | 3imtr4i 294 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑉 ∈ Fin → 𝐹 ∈ Fin) |
17 | 16 | adantr 483 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) → 𝐹 ∈ Fin) |
18 | 17 | adantr 483 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝐹 ∈ Fin) |
19 | 5 | finrusgrfusgr 27350 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝑉 ∈ Fin) → 𝐺 ∈ FinUSGraph) |
20 | 19 | ancoms 461 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) → 𝐺 ∈ FinUSGraph) |
21 | fusgrfis 27115 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐺 ∈ FinUSGraph → (Edg‘𝐺) ∈ Fin) | |
22 | 20, 21 | syl 17 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) → (Edg‘𝐺) ∈ Fin) |
23 | 22 | adantr 483 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (Edg‘𝐺) ∈ Fin) |
24 | eqid 2824 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (Edg‘𝐺) = (Edg‘𝐺) | |
25 | 5, 24 | nbusgrfi 27159 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ USGraph ∧ (Edg‘𝐺) ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋) ∈ Fin) |
26 | 2, 23, 3, 25 | syl3anc 1367 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋) ∈ Fin) |
27 | hashxp 13798 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ Fin ∧ (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋) ∈ Fin) → (♯‘(𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))) = ((♯‘𝐹) · (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)))) | |
28 | 18, 26, 27 | syl2anc 586 | . 2 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝐹 × (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))) = ((♯‘𝐹) · (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)))) |
29 | 5 | rusgrpropnb 27368 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 → (𝐺 ∈ USGraph ∧ 𝐾 ∈ ℕ0* ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑥)) = 𝐾)) |
30 | oveq2 7167 | . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑋 → (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑥) = (𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) | |
31 | 30 | fveqeq2d 6681 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑋 → ((♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑥)) = 𝐾 ↔ (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾)) |
32 | 31 | rspccv 3623 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑥)) = 𝐾 → (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾)) |
33 | 32 | 3ad2ant3 1131 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ USGraph ∧ 𝐾 ∈ ℕ0* ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑥)) = 𝐾) → (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾)) |
34 | 29, 33 | syl 17 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 → (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾)) |
35 | 34 | adantl 484 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) → (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾)) |
36 | 35 | com12 32 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾)) |
37 | 36 | adantr 483 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) → ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾)) |
38 | 37 | impcom 410 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋)) = 𝐾) |
39 | 38 | oveq2d 7175 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → ((♯‘𝐹) · (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))) = ((♯‘𝐹) · 𝐾)) |
40 | hashcl 13720 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐹 ∈ Fin → (♯‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ0) | |
41 | nn0cn 11910 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ((♯‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ0 → (♯‘𝐹) ∈ ℂ) | |
42 | 18, 40, 41 | 3syl 18 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘𝐹) ∈ ℂ) |
43 | 20 | adantr 483 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝐺 ∈ FinUSGraph) |
44 | simplr 767 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) | |
45 | ne0i 4303 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝑉 ≠ ∅) | |
46 | 45 | adantr 483 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) → 𝑉 ≠ ∅) |
47 | 46 | adantl 484 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝑉 ≠ ∅) |
48 | 5 | frusgrnn0 27356 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ FinUSGraph ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝑉 ≠ ∅) → 𝐾 ∈ ℕ0) |
49 | 43, 44, 47, 48 | syl3anc 1367 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝐾 ∈ ℕ0) |
50 | 49 | nn0cnd 11960 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝐾 ∈ ℂ) |
51 | 42, 50 | mulcomd 10665 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → ((♯‘𝐹) · 𝐾) = (𝐾 · (♯‘𝐹))) |
52 | 39, 51 | eqtrd 2859 | . 2 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → ((♯‘𝐹) · (♯‘(𝐺 NeighbVtx 𝑋))) = (𝐾 · (♯‘𝐹))) |
53 | 11, 28, 52 | 3eqtrd 2863 | 1 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋𝐶𝑁)) = (𝐾 · (♯‘𝐹))) |
Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 398 ∧ w3a 1083 = wceq 1536 ∈ wcel 2113 ≠ wne 3019 ∀wral 3141 {crab 3145 ∅c0 4294 class class class wbr 5069 × cxp 5556 ‘cfv 6358 (class class class)co 7159 ∈ cmpo 7161 ≈ cen 8509 Fincfn 8512 ℂcc 10538 · cmul 10545 − cmin 10873 2c2 11695 3c3 11696 ℕ0cn0 11900 ℕ0*cxnn0 11970 ℤ≥cuz 12246 ♯chash 13693 Vtxcvtx 26784 Edgcedg 26835 USGraphcusgr 26937 FinUSGraphcfusgr 27101 NeighbVtx cnbgr 27117 RegUSGraph crusgr 27341 ClWWalksNOncclwwlknon 27869 |
This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1795 ax-4 1809 ax-5 1910 ax-6 1969 ax-7 2014 ax-8 2115 ax-9 2123 ax-10 2144 ax-11 2160 ax-12 2176 ax-ext 2796 ax-rep 5193 ax-sep 5206 ax-nul 5213 ax-pow 5269 ax-pr 5333 ax-un 7464 ax-cnex 10596 ax-resscn 10597 ax-1cn 10598 ax-icn 10599 ax-addcl 10600 ax-addrcl 10601 ax-mulcl 10602 ax-mulrcl 10603 ax-mulcom 10604 ax-addass 10605 ax-mulass 10606 ax-distr 10607 ax-i2m1 10608 ax-1ne0 10609 ax-1rid 10610 ax-rnegex 10611 ax-rrecex 10612 ax-cnre 10613 ax-pre-lttri 10614 ax-pre-lttrn 10615 ax-pre-ltadd 10616 ax-pre-mulgt0 10617 |
This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 209 df-an 399 df-or 844 df-3or 1084 df-3an 1085 df-tru 1539 df-fal 1549 df-ex 1780 df-nf 1784 df-sb 2069 df-mo 2621 df-eu 2653 df-clab 2803 df-cleq 2817 df-clel 2896 df-nfc 2966 df-ne 3020 df-nel 3127 df-ral 3146 df-rex 3147 df-reu 3148 df-rmo 3149 df-rab 3150 df-v 3499 df-sbc 3776 df-csb 3887 df-dif 3942 df-un 3944 df-in 3946 df-ss 3955 df-pss 3957 df-nul 4295 df-if 4471 df-pw 4544 df-sn 4571 df-pr 4573 df-tp 4575 df-op 4577 df-uni 4842 df-int 4880 df-iun 4924 df-br 5070 df-opab 5132 df-mpt 5150 df-tr 5176 df-id 5463 df-eprel 5468 df-po 5477 df-so 5478 df-fr 5517 df-we 5519 df-xp 5564 df-rel 5565 df-cnv 5566 df-co 5567 df-dm 5568 df-rn 5569 df-res 5570 df-ima 5571 df-pred 6151 df-ord 6197 df-on 6198 df-lim 6199 df-suc 6200 df-iota 6317 df-fun 6360 df-fn 6361 df-f 6362 df-f1 6363 df-fo 6364 df-f1o 6365 df-fv 6366 df-riota 7117 df-ov 7162 df-oprab 7163 df-mpo 7164 df-om 7584 df-1st 7692 df-2nd 7693 df-wrecs 7950 df-recs 8011 df-rdg 8049 df-1o 8105 df-2o 8106 df-oadd 8109 df-er 8292 df-map 8411 df-pm 8412 df-en 8513 df-dom 8514 df-sdom 8515 df-fin 8516 df-dju 9333 df-card 9371 df-pnf 10680 df-mnf 10681 df-xr 10682 df-ltxr 10683 df-le 10684 df-sub 10875 df-neg 10876 df-nn 11642 df-2 11703 df-3 11704 df-n0 11901 df-xnn0 11971 df-z 11985 df-uz 12247 df-rp 12393 df-xadd 12511 df-fz 12896 df-fzo 13037 df-seq 13373 df-exp 13433 df-hash 13694 df-word 13865 df-lsw 13918 df-concat 13926 df-s1 13953 df-substr 14006 df-pfx 14036 df-s2 14213 df-vtx 26786 df-iedg 26787 df-edg 26836 df-uhgr 26846 df-ushgr 26847 df-upgr 26870 df-umgr 26871 df-uspgr 26938 df-usgr 26939 df-fusgr 27102 df-nbgr 27118 df-vtxdg 27251 df-rgr 27342 df-rusgr 27343 df-wwlks 27611 df-wwlksn 27612 df-clwwlk 27763 df-clwwlkn 27806 df-clwwlknon 27870 |
This theorem is referenced by: numclwlk1lem2 28152 numclwwlk3 28167 |
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