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Theorem numclwwlk3 29676

Description: Statement 12 in [Huneke] p. 2: "Thus f(n) = (k - 1)f(n - 2) + k^(n-2)." - the number of the closed walks v(0) ... v(n-2) v(n-1) v(n) is the sum of the number of the closed walks v(0) ... v(n-2) v(n-1) v(n) with v(n-2) = v(n) (see numclwwlk1 29652) and with v(n-2) =/= v(n) (see numclwwlk2 29672): f(n) = kf(n-2) + k^(n-2) - f(n-2) = (k-1)f(n-2) + k^(n-2). (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-Aug-2018.) (Revised by AV, 6-Mar-2022.)

**Hypothesis**
Ref	Expression
numclwwlk3.v	⊢ 𝑉 = (Vtx‘𝐺)

**Assertion**
Ref	Expression
numclwwlk3	⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑁)) = (((𝐾 − 1) · (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)))) + (𝐾↑(𝑁 − 2))))

Proof of Theorem numclwwlk3 Dummy variables 𝑛 𝑣 𝑤 are mutually distinct and distinct from all other variables.

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		simpl 483	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) → 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾)
2		simp1 1136	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3)) → 𝑉 ∈ Fin)
3		numclwwlk3.v	. . . . 5 ⊢ 𝑉 = (Vtx‘𝐺)
4	3	finrusgrfusgr 28860	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝑉 ∈ Fin) → 𝐺 ∈ FinUSGraph)
5	1, 2, 4	syl2an 596	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3))) → 𝐺 ∈ FinUSGraph)
6		simpr2 1195	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3))) → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)
7		uzuzle23 12875	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3) → 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘2))
8	7	3ad2ant3 1135	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3)) → 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘2))
9	8	adantl 482	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3))) → 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘2))
10		eqid 2732	. . . 4 ⊢ (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) = 𝑣}) = (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) = 𝑣})
11		eqid 2732	. . . 4 ⊢ (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) ≠ 𝑣}) = (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) ≠ 𝑣})
12	10, 11	numclwwlk3lem2 29675	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 ∈ FinUSGraph ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉) ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘2)) → (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑁)) = ((♯‘(𝑋(𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) ≠ 𝑣})𝑁)) + (♯‘(𝑋(𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) = 𝑣})𝑁))))
13	5, 6, 9, 12	syl21anc 836	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑁)) = ((♯‘(𝑋(𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) ≠ 𝑣})𝑁)) + (♯‘(𝑋(𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) = 𝑣})𝑁))))
14		eqid 2732	. . . 4 ⊢ (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑛 WWalksN 𝐺) ∣ ((𝑤‘0) = 𝑣 ∧ (lastS‘𝑤) ≠ 𝑣)}) = (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑛 WWalksN 𝐺) ∣ ((𝑤‘0) = 𝑣 ∧ (lastS‘𝑤) ≠ 𝑣)})
15	3, 14, 11	numclwwlk2 29672	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋(𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) ≠ 𝑣})𝑁)) = ((𝐾↑(𝑁 − 2)) − (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)))))
16	1, 2	anim12ci 614	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3))) → (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾))
17		3simpc 1150	. . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3)) → (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3)))
18	17	adantl 482	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3))) → (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3)))
19		eqid 2732	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)) = (𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2))
20	3, 10, 19	numclwwlk1 29652	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋(𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) = 𝑣})𝑁)) = (𝐾 · (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)))))
21	16, 18, 20	syl2anc 584	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋(𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) = 𝑣})𝑁)) = (𝐾 · (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)))))
22	15, 21	oveq12d 7429	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3))) → ((♯‘(𝑋(𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) ≠ 𝑣})𝑁)) + (♯‘(𝑋(𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) = 𝑣})𝑁))) = (((𝐾↑(𝑁 − 2)) − (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)))) + (𝐾 · (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2))))))
23		simpll 765	. . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3))) → 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾)
24		ne0i 4334	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝑉 ≠ ∅)
25	24	3ad2ant2 1134	. . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3)) → 𝑉 ≠ ∅)
26	25	adantl 482	. . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3))) → 𝑉 ≠ ∅)
27	3	frusgrnn0 28866	. . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ FinUSGraph ∧ 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝑉 ≠ ∅) → 𝐾 ∈ ℕ₀)
28	5, 23, 26, 27	syl3anc 1371	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3))) → 𝐾 ∈ ℕ₀)
29	28	nn0cnd 12536	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3))) → 𝐾 ∈ ℂ)
30		uz3m2nn 12877	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3) → (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ)
31	30	3anim3i 1154	. . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3)) → (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ))
32	31	adantl 482	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3))) → (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ))
33	3	clwwlknonfin 29385	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑉 ∈ Fin → (𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)) ∈ Fin)
34	33	3ad2ant1 1133	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ) → (𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)) ∈ Fin)
35		hashcl 14318	. . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)) ∈ Fin → (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2))) ∈ ℕ₀)
36	35	nn0cnd 12536	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)) ∈ Fin → (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2))) ∈ ℂ)
37	32, 34, 36	3syl 18	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2))) ∈ ℂ)
38		numclwwlk3lem1 29673	. . 3 ⊢ ((𝐾 ∈ ℂ ∧ (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2))) ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘2)) → (((𝐾↑(𝑁 − 2)) − (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)))) + (𝐾 · (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2))))) = (((𝐾 − 1) · (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)))) + (𝐾↑(𝑁 − 2))))
39	29, 37, 9, 38	syl3anc 1371	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3))) → (((𝐾↑(𝑁 − 2)) − (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)))) + (𝐾 · (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2))))) = (((𝐾 − 1) · (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)))) + (𝐾↑(𝑁 − 2))))
40	13, 22, 39	3eqtrd 2776	1 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ_≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑁)) = (((𝐾 − 1) · (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)))) + (𝐾↑(𝑁 − 2))))

Colors of variables: wff setvar class

Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 396 ∧ w3a 1087 = wceq 1541 ∈ wcel 2106 ≠ wne 2940 {crab 3432 ∅c0 4322 class class class wbr 5148 ‘cfv 6543 (class class class)co 7411 ∈ cmpo 7413 Fincfn 8941 ℂcc 11110 0cc0 11112 1c1 11113 + caddc 11115 · cmul 11117 − cmin 11446 ℕcn 12214 2c2 12269 3c3 12270 ℕ₀cn0 12474 ℤ_≥cuz 12824 ↑cexp 14029 ♯chash 14292 lastSclsw 14514 Vtxcvtx 28294 FinUSGraphcfusgr 28611 RegUSGraph crusgr 28851 WWalksN cwwlksn 29118 ClWWalksNOncclwwlknon 29378 FriendGraph cfrgr 29549

This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1797 ax-4 1811 ax-5 1913 ax-6 1971 ax-7 2011 ax-8 2108 ax-9 2116 ax-10 2137 ax-11 2154 ax-12 2171 ax-ext 2703 ax-rep 5285 ax-sep 5299 ax-nul 5306 ax-pow 5363 ax-pr 5427 ax-un 7727 ax-inf2 9638 ax-cnex 11168 ax-resscn 11169 ax-1cn 11170 ax-icn 11171 ax-addcl 11172 ax-addrcl 11173 ax-mulcl 11174 ax-mulrcl 11175 ax-mulcom 11176 ax-addass 11177 ax-mulass 11178 ax-distr 11179 ax-i2m1 11180 ax-1ne0 11181 ax-1rid 11182 ax-rnegex 11183 ax-rrecex 11184 ax-cnre 11185 ax-pre-lttri 11186 ax-pre-lttrn 11187 ax-pre-ltadd 11188 ax-pre-mulgt0 11189 ax-pre-sup 11190

This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 206 df-an 397 df-or 846 df-3or 1088 df-3an 1089 df-tru 1544 df-fal 1554 df-ex 1782 df-nf 1786 df-sb 2068 df-mo 2534 df-eu 2563 df-clab 2710 df-cleq 2724 df-clel 2810 df-nfc 2885 df-ne 2941 df-nel 3047 df-ral 3062 df-rex 3071 df-rmo 3376 df-reu 3377 df-rab 3433 df-v 3476 df-sbc 3778 df-csb 3894 df-dif 3951 df-un 3953 df-in 3955 df-ss 3965 df-pss 3967 df-nul 4323 df-if 4529 df-pw 4604 df-sn 4629 df-pr 4631 df-op 4635 df-uni 4909 df-int 4951 df-iun 4999 df-disj 5114 df-br 5149 df-opab 5211 df-mpt 5232 df-tr 5266 df-id 5574 df-eprel 5580 df-po 5588 df-so 5589 df-fr 5631 df-se 5632 df-we 5633 df-xp 5682 df-rel 5683 df-cnv 5684 df-co 5685 df-dm 5686 df-rn 5687 df-res 5688 df-ima 5689 df-pred 6300 df-ord 6367 df-on 6368 df-lim 6369 df-suc 6370 df-iota 6495 df-fun 6545 df-fn 6546 df-f 6547 df-f1 6548 df-fo 6549 df-f1o 6550 df-fv 6551 df-isom 6552 df-riota 7367 df-ov 7414 df-oprab 7415 df-mpo 7416 df-om 7858 df-1st 7977 df-2nd 7978 df-frecs 8268 df-wrecs 8299 df-recs 8373 df-rdg 8412 df-1o 8468 df-2o 8469 df-oadd 8472 df-er 8705 df-map 8824 df-pm 8825 df-en 8942 df-dom 8943 df-sdom 8944 df-fin 8945 df-sup 9439 df-oi 9507 df-dju 9898 df-card 9936 df-pnf 11252 df-mnf 11253 df-xr 11254 df-ltxr 11255 df-le 11256 df-sub 11448 df-neg 11449 df-div 11874 df-nn 12215 df-2 12277 df-3 12278 df-n0 12475 df-xnn0 12547 df-z 12561 df-uz 12825 df-rp 12977 df-xadd 13095 df-fz 13487 df-fzo 13630 df-seq 13969 df-exp 14030 df-hash 14293 df-word 14467 df-lsw 14515 df-concat 14523 df-s1 14548 df-substr 14593 df-pfx 14623 df-s2 14801 df-cj 15048 df-re 15049 df-im 15050 df-sqrt 15184 df-abs 15185 df-clim 15434 df-sum 15635 df-vtx 28296 df-iedg 28297 df-edg 28346 df-uhgr 28356 df-ushgr 28357 df-upgr 28380 df-umgr 28381 df-uspgr 28448 df-usgr 28449 df-fusgr 28612 df-nbgr 28628 df-vtxdg 28761 df-rgr 28852 df-rusgr 28853 df-wwlks 29122 df-wwlksn 29123 df-wwlksnon 29124 df-clwwlk 29273 df-clwwlkn 29316 df-clwwlknon 29379 df-frgr 29550

This theorem is referenced by: numclwwlk5 29679

W3C validator