Theorem numclwwlk2 30456

Description: Statement 10 in [Huneke] p. 2: "If n > 1, then the number of closed n-walks v(0) ... v(n-2) v(n-1) v(n) from v = v(0) = v(n) ... with v(n-2) =/= v is k^(n-2) - f(n-2)." According to rusgrnumwlkg 30053, we have k^(n-2) different walks of length (n-2): v(0) ... v(n-2). From this number, the number of closed walks of length (n-2), which is f(n-2) per definition, must be subtracted, because for these walks v(n-2) =/= v(0) = v would hold. Because of the friendship condition, there is exactly one vertex v(n-1) which is a neighbor of v(n-2) as well as of v(n)=v=v(0), because v(n-2) and v(n)=v are different, so the number of walks v(0) ... v(n-2) is identical with the number of walks v(0) ... v(n), that means each (not closed) walk v(0) ... v(n-2) can be extended by two edges to a closed walk v(0) ... v(n)=v=v(0) in exactly one way. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 6-Oct-2018.) (Revised by AV, 31-May-2021.) (Revised by AV, 1-May-2022.)

Hypotheses

Ref	Expression
numclwwlk.v	⊢ 𝑉 = (Vtx‘𝐺)
numclwwlk.q	⊢ 𝑄 = (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑛 WWalksN 𝐺) ∣ ((𝑤‘0) = 𝑣 ∧ (lastS‘𝑤) ≠ 𝑣)})
numclwwlk.h	⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) ≠ 𝑣})

Assertion

Ref	Expression
numclwwlk2	⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋𝐻𝑁)) = ((𝐾↑(𝑁 − 2)) − (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)))))

Distinct variable groups:   𝑛,𝐺,𝑣,𝑤   𝑛,𝑁,𝑣,𝑤   𝑛,𝑉,𝑣   𝑛,𝑋,𝑣,𝑤   𝑤,𝐾   𝑤,𝑉

Allowed substitution hints:   𝑄(𝑤,𝑣,𝑛)   𝐻(𝑤,𝑣,𝑛)   𝐾(𝑣,𝑛)

Proof of Theorem numclwwlk2

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		eluzelcn 12763	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3) → 𝑁 ∈ ℂ)
2		2cnd 12223	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3) → 2 ∈ ℂ)
3	1, 2	npcand 11496	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3) → ((𝑁 − 2) + 2) = 𝑁)
4	3	eqcomd 2742	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3) → 𝑁 = ((𝑁 − 2) + 2))
5	4	3ad2ant3 1135	. . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) → 𝑁 = ((𝑁 − 2) + 2))
6	5	adantl 481	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝑁 = ((𝑁 − 2) + 2))
7	6	oveq2d 7374	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (𝑋𝐻𝑁) = (𝑋𝐻((𝑁 − 2) + 2)))
8	7	fveq2d 6838	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋𝐻𝑁)) = (♯‘(𝑋𝐻((𝑁 − 2) + 2))))
9		simplr 768	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph )
10		simpr2 1196	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)
11		uz3m2nn 12807	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3) → (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ)
12	11	3ad2ant3 1135	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) → (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ)
13	12	adantl 481	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ)
14		numclwwlk.v	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑉 = (Vtx‘𝐺)
15		numclwwlk.q	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑄 = (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑛 WWalksN 𝐺) ∣ ((𝑤‘0) = 𝑣 ∧ (lastS‘𝑤) ≠ 𝑣)})
16		numclwwlk.h	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) ≠ 𝑣})
17	14, 15, 16	numclwwlk2lem3 30455	. . 3 ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ) → (♯‘(𝑋𝑄(𝑁 − 2))) = (♯‘(𝑋𝐻((𝑁 − 2) + 2))))
18	9, 10, 13, 17	syl3anc 1373	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋𝑄(𝑁 − 2))) = (♯‘(𝑋𝐻((𝑁 − 2) + 2))))
19		simpl 482	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) → 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾)
20		simp1 1136	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) → 𝑉 ∈ Fin)
21	19, 20	anim12i 613	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝑉 ∈ Fin))
22	11	anim2i 617	. . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) → (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ))
23	22	3adant1 1130	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) → (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ))
24	23	adantl 481	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ))
25	14, 15	numclwwlkqhash 30450	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝑉 ∈ Fin) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ)) → (♯‘(𝑋𝑄(𝑁 − 2))) = ((𝐾↑(𝑁 − 2)) − (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)))))
26	21, 24, 25	syl2anc 584	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋𝑄(𝑁 − 2))) = ((𝐾↑(𝑁 − 2)) − (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)))))
27	8, 18, 26	3eqtr2d 2777	1 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋𝐻𝑁)) = ((𝐾↑(𝑁 − 2)) − (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)))))

Syntax hints:   → wi 4   ∧ wa 395   ∧ w3a 1086   = wceq 1541   ∈ wcel 2113   ≠ wne 2932  {crab 3399   class class class wbr 5098  ‘cfv 6492  (class class class)co 7358   ∈ cmpo 7360  Fincfn 8883  0cc0 11026   + caddc 11029   − cmin 11364  ℕcn 12145  2c2 12200  3c3 12201  ℤ_≥cuz 12751  ↑cexp 13984  ♯chash 14253  lastSclsw 14485  Vtxcvtx 29069   RegUSGraph crusgr 29630   WWalksN cwwlksn 29899  ClWWalksNOncclwwlknon 30162   FriendGraph cfrgr 30333

This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1796  ax-4 1810  ax-5 1911  ax-6 1968  ax-7 2009  ax-8 2115  ax-9 2123  ax-10 2146  ax-11 2162  ax-12 2184  ax-ext 2708  ax-rep 5224  ax-sep 5241  ax-nul 5251  ax-pow 5310  ax-pr 5377  ax-un 7680  ax-inf2 9550  ax-cnex 11082  ax-resscn 11083  ax-1cn 11084  ax-icn 11085  ax-addcl 11086  ax-addrcl 11087  ax-mulcl 11088  ax-mulrcl 11089  ax-mulcom 11090  ax-addass 11091  ax-mulass 11092  ax-distr 11093  ax-i2m1 11094  ax-1ne0 11095  ax-1rid 11096  ax-rnegex 11097  ax-rrecex 11098  ax-cnre 11099  ax-pre-lttri 11100  ax-pre-lttrn 11101  ax-pre-ltadd 11102  ax-pre-mulgt0 11103  ax-pre-sup 11104

This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 207  df-an 396  df-or 848  df-3or 1087  df-3an 1088  df-tru 1544  df-fal 1554  df-ex 1781  df-nf 1785  df-sb 2068  df-mo 2539  df-eu 2569  df-clab 2715  df-cleq 2728  df-clel 2811  df-nfc 2885  df-ne 2933  df-nel 3037  df-ral 3052  df-rex 3061  df-rmo 3350  df-reu 3351  df-rab 3400  df-v 3442  df-sbc 3741  df-csb 3850  df-dif 3904  df-un 3906  df-in 3908  df-ss 3918  df-pss 3921  df-nul 4286  df-if 4480  df-pw 4556  df-sn 4581  df-pr 4583  df-op 4587  df-uni 4864  df-int 4903  df-iun 4948  df-disj 5066  df-br 5099  df-opab 5161  df-mpt 5180  df-tr 5206  df-id 5519  df-eprel 5524  df-po 5532  df-so 5533  df-fr 5577  df-se 5578  df-we 5579  df-xp 5630  df-rel 5631  df-cnv 5632  df-co 5633  df-dm 5634  df-rn 5635  df-res 5636  df-ima 5637  df-pred 6259  df-ord 6320  df-on 6321  df-lim 6322  df-suc 6323  df-iota 6448  df-fun 6494  df-fn 6495  df-f 6496  df-f1 6497  df-fo 6498  df-f1o 6499  df-fv 6500  df-isom 6501  df-riota 7315  df-ov 7361  df-oprab 7362  df-mpo 7363  df-om 7809  df-1st 7933  df-2nd 7934  df-frecs 8223  df-wrecs 8254  df-recs 8303  df-rdg 8341  df-1o 8397  df-2o 8398  df-oadd 8401  df-er 8635  df-map 8765  df-pm 8766  df-en 8884  df-dom 8885  df-sdom 8886  df-fin 8887  df-sup 9345  df-oi 9415  df-dju 9813  df-card 9851  df-pnf 11168  df-mnf 11169  df-xr 11170  df-ltxr 11171  df-le 11172  df-sub 11366  df-neg 11367  df-div 11795  df-nn 12146  df-2 12208  df-3 12209  df-n0 12402  df-xnn0 12475  df-z 12489  df-uz 12752  df-rp 12906  df-xadd 13027  df-fz 13424  df-fzo 13571  df-seq 13925  df-exp 13985  df-hash 14254  df-word 14437  df-lsw 14486  df-concat 14494  df-s1 14520  df-substr 14565  df-pfx 14595  df-cj 15022  df-re 15023  df-im 15024  df-sqrt 15158  df-abs 15159  df-clim 15411  df-sum 15610  df-vtx 29071  df-iedg 29072  df-edg 29121  df-uhgr 29131  df-ushgr 29132  df-upgr 29155  df-umgr 29156  df-uspgr 29223  df-usgr 29224  df-fusgr 29390  df-nbgr 29406  df-vtxdg 29540  df-rgr 29631  df-rusgr 29632  df-wwlks 29903  df-wwlksn 29904  df-wwlksnon 29905  df-clwwlk 30057  df-clwwlkn 30100  df-clwwlknon 30163  df-frgr 30334

This theorem is referenced by:  numclwwlk3  30460