Theorem numclwwlk2 30451

Description: Statement 10 in [Huneke] p. 2: "If n > 1, then the number of closed n-walks v(0) ... v(n-2) v(n-1) v(n) from v = v(0) = v(n) ... with v(n-2) =/= v is k^(n-2) - f(n-2)." According to rusgrnumwlkg 30048, we have k^(n-2) different walks of length (n-2): v(0) ... v(n-2). From this number, the number of closed walks of length (n-2), which is f(n-2) per definition, must be subtracted, because for these walks v(n-2) =/= v(0) = v would hold. Because of the friendship condition, there is exactly one vertex v(n-1) which is a neighbor of v(n-2) as well as of v(n)=v=v(0), because v(n-2) and v(n)=v are different, so the number of walks v(0) ... v(n-2) is identical with the number of walks v(0) ... v(n), that means each (not closed) walk v(0) ... v(n-2) can be extended by two edges to a closed walk v(0) ... v(n)=v=v(0) in exactly one way. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 6-Oct-2018.) (Revised by AV, 31-May-2021.) (Revised by AV, 1-May-2022.)

Hypotheses

Ref	Expression
numclwwlk.v	⊢ 𝑉 = (Vtx‘𝐺)
numclwwlk.q	⊢ 𝑄 = (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑛 WWalksN 𝐺) ∣ ((𝑤‘0) = 𝑣 ∧ (lastS‘𝑤) ≠ 𝑣)})
numclwwlk.h	⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) ≠ 𝑣})

Assertion

Ref	Expression
numclwwlk2	⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋𝐻𝑁)) = ((𝐾↑(𝑁 − 2)) − (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)))))

Distinct variable groups:   𝑛,𝐺,𝑣,𝑤   𝑛,𝑁,𝑣,𝑤   𝑛,𝑉,𝑣   𝑛,𝑋,𝑣,𝑤   𝑤,𝐾   𝑤,𝑉

Allowed substitution hints:   𝑄(𝑤,𝑣,𝑛)   𝐻(𝑤,𝑣,𝑛)   𝐾(𝑣,𝑛)

Proof of Theorem numclwwlk2

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		eluzelcn 12800	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3) → 𝑁 ∈ ℂ)
2		2cnd 12259	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3) → 2 ∈ ℂ)
3	1, 2	npcand 11509	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3) → ((𝑁 − 2) + 2) = 𝑁)
4	3	eqcomd 2742	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3) → 𝑁 = ((𝑁 − 2) + 2))
5	4	3ad2ant3 1136	. . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) → 𝑁 = ((𝑁 − 2) + 2))
6	5	adantl 481	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝑁 = ((𝑁 − 2) + 2))
7	6	oveq2d 7383	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (𝑋𝐻𝑁) = (𝑋𝐻((𝑁 − 2) + 2)))
8	7	fveq2d 6844	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋𝐻𝑁)) = (♯‘(𝑋𝐻((𝑁 − 2) + 2))))
9		simplr 769	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph )
10		simpr2 1197	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)
11		uz3m2nn 12844	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3) → (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ)
12	11	3ad2ant3 1136	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) → (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ)
13	12	adantl 481	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ)
14		numclwwlk.v	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑉 = (Vtx‘𝐺)
15		numclwwlk.q	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑄 = (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑛 WWalksN 𝐺) ∣ ((𝑤‘0) = 𝑣 ∧ (lastS‘𝑤) ≠ 𝑣)})
16		numclwwlk.h	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉, 𝑛 ∈ (ℤ≥‘2) ↦ {𝑤 ∈ (𝑣(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)𝑛) ∣ (𝑤‘(𝑛 − 2)) ≠ 𝑣})
17	14, 15, 16	numclwwlk2lem3 30450	. . 3 ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ) → (♯‘(𝑋𝑄(𝑁 − 2))) = (♯‘(𝑋𝐻((𝑁 − 2) + 2))))
18	9, 10, 13, 17	syl3anc 1374	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋𝑄(𝑁 − 2))) = (♯‘(𝑋𝐻((𝑁 − 2) + 2))))
19		simpl 482	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) → 𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾)
20		simp1 1137	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) → 𝑉 ∈ Fin)
21	19, 20	anim12i 614	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝑉 ∈ Fin))
22	11	anim2i 618	. . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) → (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ))
23	22	3adant1 1131	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3)) → (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ))
24	23	adantl 481	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ))
25	14, 15	numclwwlkqhash 30445	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝑉 ∈ Fin) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝑁 − 2) ∈ ℕ)) → (♯‘(𝑋𝑄(𝑁 − 2))) = ((𝐾↑(𝑁 − 2)) − (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)))))
26	21, 24, 25	syl2anc 585	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋𝑄(𝑁 − 2))) = ((𝐾↑(𝑁 − 2)) − (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)))))
27	8, 18, 26	3eqtr2d 2777	1 ⊢ (((𝐺 RegUSGraph 𝐾 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ FriendGraph ) ∧ (𝑉 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘3))) → (♯‘(𝑋𝐻𝑁)) = ((𝐾↑(𝑁 − 2)) − (♯‘(𝑋(ClWWalksNOn‘𝐺)(𝑁 − 2)))))

Syntax hints:   → wi 4   ∧ wa 395   ∧ w3a 1087   = wceq 1542   ∈ wcel 2114   ≠ wne 2932  {crab 3389   class class class wbr 5085  ‘cfv 6498  (class class class)co 7367   ∈ cmpo 7369  Fincfn 8893  0cc0 11038   + caddc 11041   − cmin 11377  ℕcn 12174  2c2 12236  3c3 12237  ℤ_≥cuz 12788  ↑cexp 14023  ♯chash 14292  lastSclsw 14524  Vtxcvtx 29065   RegUSGraph crusgr 29625   WWalksN cwwlksn 29894  ClWWalksNOncclwwlknon 30157   FriendGraph cfrgr 30328

This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1797  ax-4 1811  ax-5 1912  ax-6 1969  ax-7 2010  ax-8 2116  ax-9 2124  ax-10 2147  ax-11 2163  ax-12 2185  ax-ext 2708  ax-rep 5212  ax-sep 5231  ax-nul 5241  ax-pow 5307  ax-pr 5375  ax-un 7689  ax-inf2 9562  ax-cnex 11094  ax-resscn 11095  ax-1cn 11096  ax-icn 11097  ax-addcl 11098  ax-addrcl 11099  ax-mulcl 11100  ax-mulrcl 11101  ax-mulcom 11102  ax-addass 11103  ax-mulass 11104  ax-distr 11105  ax-i2m1 11106  ax-1ne0 11107  ax-1rid 11108  ax-rnegex 11109  ax-rrecex 11110  ax-cnre 11111  ax-pre-lttri 11112  ax-pre-lttrn 11113  ax-pre-ltadd 11114  ax-pre-mulgt0 11115  ax-pre-sup 11116

This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 207  df-an 396  df-or 849  df-3or 1088  df-3an 1089  df-tru 1545  df-fal 1555  df-ex 1782  df-nf 1786  df-sb 2069  df-mo 2539  df-eu 2569  df-clab 2715  df-cleq 2728  df-clel 2811  df-nfc 2885  df-ne 2933  df-nel 3037  df-ral 3052  df-rex 3062  df-rmo 3342  df-reu 3343  df-rab 3390  df-v 3431  df-sbc 3729  df-csb 3838  df-dif 3892  df-un 3894  df-in 3896  df-ss 3906  df-pss 3909  df-nul 4274  df-if 4467  df-pw 4543  df-sn 4568  df-pr 4570  df-op 4574  df-uni 4851  df-int 4890  df-iun 4935  df-disj 5053  df-br 5086  df-opab 5148  df-mpt 5167  df-tr 5193  df-id 5526  df-eprel 5531  df-po 5539  df-so 5540  df-fr 5584  df-se 5585  df-we 5586  df-xp 5637  df-rel 5638  df-cnv 5639  df-co 5640  df-dm 5641  df-rn 5642  df-res 5643  df-ima 5644  df-pred 6265  df-ord 6326  df-on 6327  df-lim 6328  df-suc 6329  df-iota 6454  df-fun 6500  df-fn 6501  df-f 6502  df-f1 6503  df-fo 6504  df-f1o 6505  df-fv 6506  df-isom 6507  df-riota 7324  df-ov 7370  df-oprab 7371  df-mpo 7372  df-om 7818  df-1st 7942  df-2nd 7943  df-frecs 8231  df-wrecs 8262  df-recs 8311  df-rdg 8349  df-1o 8405  df-2o 8406  df-oadd 8409  df-er 8643  df-map 8775  df-pm 8776  df-en 8894  df-dom 8895  df-sdom 8896  df-fin 8897  df-sup 9355  df-oi 9425  df-dju 9825  df-card 9863  df-pnf 11181  df-mnf 11182  df-xr 11183  df-ltxr 11184  df-le 11185  df-sub 11379  df-neg 11380  df-div 11808  df-nn 12175  df-2 12244  df-3 12245  df-n0 12438  df-xnn0 12511  df-z 12525  df-uz 12789  df-rp 12943  df-xadd 13064  df-fz 13462  df-fzo 13609  df-seq 13964  df-exp 14024  df-hash 14293  df-word 14476  df-lsw 14525  df-concat 14533  df-s1 14559  df-substr 14604  df-pfx 14634  df-cj 15061  df-re 15062  df-im 15063  df-sqrt 15197  df-abs 15198  df-clim 15450  df-sum 15649  df-vtx 29067  df-iedg 29068  df-edg 29117  df-uhgr 29127  df-ushgr 29128  df-upgr 29151  df-umgr 29152  df-uspgr 29219  df-usgr 29220  df-fusgr 29386  df-nbgr 29402  df-vtxdg 29535  df-rgr 29626  df-rusgr 29627  df-wwlks 29898  df-wwlksn 29899  df-wwlksnon 29900  df-clwwlk 30052  df-clwwlkn 30095  df-clwwlknon 30158  df-frgr 30329

This theorem is referenced by:  numclwwlk3  30455