Proof of Theorem wilthlem1
| Step | Hyp | Ref
| Expression |
| 1 | | elfzelz 10117 |
. . . . . . . . . 10
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1)) → 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) |
| 2 | 1 | adantl 277 |
. . . . . . . . 9
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) |
| 3 | | peano2zm 9381 |
. . . . . . . . 9
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ → (𝑁 − 1) ∈
ℤ) |
| 4 | 2, 3 | syl 14 |
. . . . . . . 8
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑁 − 1) ∈ ℤ) |
| 5 | 4 | zcnd 9466 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑁 − 1) ∈ ℂ) |
| 6 | 2 | peano2zd 9468 |
. . . . . . . 8
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑁 + 1) ∈ ℤ) |
| 7 | 6 | zcnd 9466 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑁 + 1) ∈ ℂ) |
| 8 | 5, 7 | mulcomd 8065 |
. . . . . 6
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → ((𝑁 − 1) · (𝑁 + 1)) = ((𝑁 + 1) · (𝑁 − 1))) |
| 9 | 2 | zcnd 9466 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 𝑁 ∈ ℂ) |
| 10 | | ax-1cn 7989 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ 1 ∈
ℂ |
| 11 | | subsq 10755 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℂ ∧ 1 ∈
ℂ) → ((𝑁↑2)
− (1↑2)) = ((𝑁 +
1) · (𝑁 −
1))) |
| 12 | 9, 10, 11 | sylancl 413 |
. . . . . 6
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → ((𝑁↑2) − (1↑2)) = ((𝑁 + 1) · (𝑁 − 1))) |
| 13 | 9 | sqvald 10779 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑁↑2) = (𝑁 · 𝑁)) |
| 14 | | sq1 10742 |
. . . . . . . 8
⊢
(1↑2) = 1 |
| 15 | 14 | a1i 9 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (1↑2) =
1) |
| 16 | 13, 15 | oveq12d 5943 |
. . . . . 6
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → ((𝑁↑2) − (1↑2)) = ((𝑁 · 𝑁) − 1)) |
| 17 | 8, 12, 16 | 3eqtr2d 2235 |
. . . . 5
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → ((𝑁 − 1) · (𝑁 + 1)) = ((𝑁 · 𝑁) − 1)) |
| 18 | 17 | breq2d 4046 |
. . . 4
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑃 ∥ ((𝑁 − 1) · (𝑁 + 1)) ↔ 𝑃 ∥ ((𝑁 · 𝑁) − 1))) |
| 19 | | fz1ssfz0 10209 |
. . . . . 6
⊢
(1...(𝑃 − 1))
⊆ (0...(𝑃 −
1)) |
| 20 | | simpr 110 |
. . . . . 6
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) |
| 21 | 19, 20 | sselid 3182 |
. . . . 5
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 𝑁 ∈ (0...(𝑃 − 1))) |
| 22 | 21 | biantrurd 305 |
. . . 4
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑃 ∥ ((𝑁 · 𝑁) − 1) ↔ (𝑁 ∈ (0...(𝑃 − 1)) ∧ 𝑃 ∥ ((𝑁 · 𝑁) − 1)))) |
| 23 | 18, 22 | bitrd 188 |
. . 3
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑃 ∥ ((𝑁 − 1) · (𝑁 + 1)) ↔ (𝑁 ∈ (0...(𝑃 − 1)) ∧ 𝑃 ∥ ((𝑁 · 𝑁) − 1)))) |
| 24 | | simpl 109 |
. . . 4
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 𝑃 ∈ ℙ) |
| 25 | | euclemma 12339 |
. . . 4
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ (𝑁 − 1) ∈ ℤ ∧
(𝑁 + 1) ∈ ℤ)
→ (𝑃 ∥ ((𝑁 − 1) · (𝑁 + 1)) ↔ (𝑃 ∥ (𝑁 − 1) ∨ 𝑃 ∥ (𝑁 + 1)))) |
| 26 | 24, 4, 6, 25 | syl3anc 1249 |
. . 3
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑃 ∥ ((𝑁 − 1) · (𝑁 + 1)) ↔ (𝑃 ∥ (𝑁 − 1) ∨ 𝑃 ∥ (𝑁 + 1)))) |
| 27 | | prmnn 12303 |
. . . . 5
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ → 𝑃 ∈
ℕ) |
| 28 | | fzm1ndvds 12038 |
. . . . 5
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → ¬ 𝑃 ∥ 𝑁) |
| 29 | 27, 28 | sylan 283 |
. . . 4
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → ¬ 𝑃 ∥ 𝑁) |
| 30 | | eqid 2196 |
. . . . 5
⊢ ((𝑁↑(𝑃 − 2)) mod 𝑃) = ((𝑁↑(𝑃 − 2)) mod 𝑃) |
| 31 | 30 | prmdiveq 12429 |
. . . 4
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ ¬
𝑃 ∥ 𝑁) → ((𝑁 ∈ (0...(𝑃 − 1)) ∧ 𝑃 ∥ ((𝑁 · 𝑁) − 1)) ↔ 𝑁 = ((𝑁↑(𝑃 − 2)) mod 𝑃))) |
| 32 | 24, 2, 29, 31 | syl3anc 1249 |
. . 3
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → ((𝑁 ∈ (0...(𝑃 − 1)) ∧ 𝑃 ∥ ((𝑁 · 𝑁) − 1)) ↔ 𝑁 = ((𝑁↑(𝑃 − 2)) mod 𝑃))) |
| 33 | 23, 26, 32 | 3bitr3rd 219 |
. 2
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑁 = ((𝑁↑(𝑃 − 2)) mod 𝑃) ↔ (𝑃 ∥ (𝑁 − 1) ∨ 𝑃 ∥ (𝑁 + 1)))) |
| 34 | 27 | adantr 276 |
. . . . 5
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 𝑃 ∈ ℕ) |
| 35 | | 1zzd 9370 |
. . . . 5
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 1 ∈
ℤ) |
| 36 | | moddvds 11981 |
. . . . 5
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 1 ∈
ℤ) → ((𝑁 mod
𝑃) = (1 mod 𝑃) ↔ 𝑃 ∥ (𝑁 − 1))) |
| 37 | 34, 2, 35, 36 | syl3anc 1249 |
. . . 4
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → ((𝑁 mod 𝑃) = (1 mod 𝑃) ↔ 𝑃 ∥ (𝑁 − 1))) |
| 38 | | zq 9717 |
. . . . . . . 8
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ → 𝑁 ∈
ℚ) |
| 39 | 1, 38 | syl 14 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1)) → 𝑁 ∈ ℚ) |
| 40 | 39 | adantl 277 |
. . . . . 6
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 𝑁 ∈ ℚ) |
| 41 | | prmz 12304 |
. . . . . . . 8
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ → 𝑃 ∈
ℤ) |
| 42 | | zq 9717 |
. . . . . . . 8
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℤ → 𝑃 ∈
ℚ) |
| 43 | 41, 42 | syl 14 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ → 𝑃 ∈
ℚ) |
| 44 | 43 | adantr 276 |
. . . . . 6
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 𝑃 ∈ ℚ) |
| 45 | | elfznn 10146 |
. . . . . . . . 9
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1)) → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) |
| 46 | 45 | adantl 277 |
. . . . . . . 8
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) |
| 47 | 46 | nnnn0d 9319 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 𝑁 ∈
ℕ0) |
| 48 | 47 | nn0ge0d 9322 |
. . . . . 6
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 0 ≤ 𝑁) |
| 49 | | elfzle2 10120 |
. . . . . . . 8
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1)) → 𝑁 ≤ (𝑃 − 1)) |
| 50 | 49 | adantl 277 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 𝑁 ≤ (𝑃 − 1)) |
| 51 | | zltlem1 9400 |
. . . . . . . 8
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑃 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑁 < 𝑃 ↔ 𝑁 ≤ (𝑃 − 1))) |
| 52 | 1, 41, 51 | syl2anr 290 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑁 < 𝑃 ↔ 𝑁 ≤ (𝑃 − 1))) |
| 53 | 50, 52 | mpbird 167 |
. . . . . 6
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 𝑁 < 𝑃) |
| 54 | | modqid 10458 |
. . . . . 6
⊢ (((𝑁 ∈ ℚ ∧ 𝑃 ∈ ℚ) ∧ (0 ≤
𝑁 ∧ 𝑁 < 𝑃)) → (𝑁 mod 𝑃) = 𝑁) |
| 55 | 40, 44, 48, 53, 54 | syl22anc 1250 |
. . . . 5
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑁 mod 𝑃) = 𝑁) |
| 56 | | prmuz2 12324 |
. . . . . . . 8
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ → 𝑃 ∈
(ℤ≥‘2)) |
| 57 | 56 | adantr 276 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 𝑃 ∈
(ℤ≥‘2)) |
| 58 | | eluz2gt1 9693 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ (𝑃 ∈
(ℤ≥‘2) → 1 < 𝑃) |
| 59 | 57, 58 | syl 14 |
. . . . . 6
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 1 < 𝑃) |
| 60 | | q1mod 10465 |
. . . . . 6
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℚ ∧ 1 <
𝑃) → (1 mod 𝑃) = 1) |
| 61 | 44, 59, 60 | syl2anc 411 |
. . . . 5
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (1 mod 𝑃) = 1) |
| 62 | 55, 61 | eqeq12d 2211 |
. . . 4
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → ((𝑁 mod 𝑃) = (1 mod 𝑃) ↔ 𝑁 = 1)) |
| 63 | 37, 62 | bitr3d 190 |
. . 3
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑃 ∥ (𝑁 − 1) ↔ 𝑁 = 1)) |
| 64 | 35 | znegcld 9467 |
. . . . 5
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → -1 ∈
ℤ) |
| 65 | | moddvds 11981 |
. . . . 5
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ -1 ∈
ℤ) → ((𝑁 mod
𝑃) = (-1 mod 𝑃) ↔ 𝑃 ∥ (𝑁 − -1))) |
| 66 | 34, 2, 64, 65 | syl3anc 1249 |
. . . 4
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → ((𝑁 mod 𝑃) = (-1 mod 𝑃) ↔ 𝑃 ∥ (𝑁 − -1))) |
| 67 | 34 | nncnd 9021 |
. . . . . . . . . 10
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 𝑃 ∈ ℂ) |
| 68 | 67 | mullidd 8061 |
. . . . . . . . 9
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (1 · 𝑃) = 𝑃) |
| 69 | 68 | oveq2d 5941 |
. . . . . . . 8
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (-1 + (1 · 𝑃)) = (-1 + 𝑃)) |
| 70 | | neg1cn 9112 |
. . . . . . . . 9
⊢ -1 ∈
ℂ |
| 71 | | addcom 8180 |
. . . . . . . . 9
⊢ ((-1
∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑃
∈ ℂ) → (-1 + 𝑃) = (𝑃 + -1)) |
| 72 | 70, 67, 71 | sylancr 414 |
. . . . . . . 8
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (-1 + 𝑃) = (𝑃 + -1)) |
| 73 | | negsub 8291 |
. . . . . . . . 9
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℂ ∧ 1 ∈
ℂ) → (𝑃 + -1) =
(𝑃 −
1)) |
| 74 | 67, 10, 73 | sylancl 413 |
. . . . . . . 8
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑃 + -1) = (𝑃 − 1)) |
| 75 | 69, 72, 74 | 3eqtrd 2233 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (-1 + (1 · 𝑃)) = (𝑃 − 1)) |
| 76 | 75 | oveq1d 5940 |
. . . . . 6
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → ((-1 + (1 ·
𝑃)) mod 𝑃) = ((𝑃 − 1) mod 𝑃)) |
| 77 | | neg1z 9375 |
. . . . . . . 8
⊢ -1 ∈
ℤ |
| 78 | | zq 9717 |
. . . . . . . 8
⊢ (-1
∈ ℤ → -1 ∈ ℚ) |
| 79 | 77, 78 | mp1i 10 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → -1 ∈
ℚ) |
| 80 | 34 | nngt0d 9051 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 0 < 𝑃) |
| 81 | | modqcyc 10468 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ (((-1
∈ ℚ ∧ 1 ∈ ℤ) ∧ (𝑃 ∈ ℚ ∧ 0 < 𝑃)) → ((-1 + (1 ·
𝑃)) mod 𝑃) = (-1 mod 𝑃)) |
| 82 | 79, 35, 44, 80, 81 | syl22anc 1250 |
. . . . . 6
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → ((-1 + (1 ·
𝑃)) mod 𝑃) = (-1 mod 𝑃)) |
| 83 | | nnm1nn0 9307 |
. . . . . . . . . 10
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℕ → (𝑃 − 1) ∈
ℕ0) |
| 84 | 34, 83 | syl 14 |
. . . . . . . . 9
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑃 − 1) ∈
ℕ0) |
| 85 | 84 | nn0zd 9463 |
. . . . . . . 8
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑃 − 1) ∈ ℤ) |
| 86 | | zq 9717 |
. . . . . . . 8
⊢ ((𝑃 − 1) ∈ ℤ
→ (𝑃 − 1) ∈
ℚ) |
| 87 | 85, 86 | syl 14 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑃 − 1) ∈ ℚ) |
| 88 | 84 | nn0ge0d 9322 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 0 ≤ (𝑃 − 1)) |
| 89 | 34 | nnred 9020 |
. . . . . . . 8
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → 𝑃 ∈ ℝ) |
| 90 | 89 | ltm1d 8976 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑃 − 1) < 𝑃) |
| 91 | | modqid 10458 |
. . . . . . 7
⊢ ((((𝑃 − 1) ∈ ℚ ∧
𝑃 ∈ ℚ) ∧ (0
≤ (𝑃 − 1) ∧
(𝑃 − 1) < 𝑃)) → ((𝑃 − 1) mod 𝑃) = (𝑃 − 1)) |
| 92 | 87, 44, 88, 90, 91 | syl22anc 1250 |
. . . . . 6
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → ((𝑃 − 1) mod 𝑃) = (𝑃 − 1)) |
| 93 | 76, 82, 92 | 3eqtr3d 2237 |
. . . . 5
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (-1 mod 𝑃) = (𝑃 − 1)) |
| 94 | 55, 93 | eqeq12d 2211 |
. . . 4
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → ((𝑁 mod 𝑃) = (-1 mod 𝑃) ↔ 𝑁 = (𝑃 − 1))) |
| 95 | | subneg 8292 |
. . . . . 6
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℂ ∧ 1 ∈
ℂ) → (𝑁 −
-1) = (𝑁 +
1)) |
| 96 | 9, 10, 95 | sylancl 413 |
. . . . 5
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑁 − -1) = (𝑁 + 1)) |
| 97 | 96 | breq2d 4046 |
. . . 4
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑃 ∥ (𝑁 − -1) ↔ 𝑃 ∥ (𝑁 + 1))) |
| 98 | 66, 94, 97 | 3bitr3rd 219 |
. . 3
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑃 ∥ (𝑁 + 1) ↔ 𝑁 = (𝑃 − 1))) |
| 99 | 63, 98 | orbi12d 794 |
. 2
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → ((𝑃 ∥ (𝑁 − 1) ∨ 𝑃 ∥ (𝑁 + 1)) ↔ (𝑁 = 1 ∨ 𝑁 = (𝑃 − 1)))) |
| 100 | 33, 99 | bitrd 188 |
1
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (1...(𝑃 − 1))) → (𝑁 = ((𝑁↑(𝑃 − 2)) mod 𝑃) ↔ (𝑁 = 1 ∨ 𝑁 = (𝑃 − 1)))) |