pellqrex - Mathbox for Stefan O'Rear

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Theorem pellqrex 41920

Description: There is a nontrivial solution of a Pell equation in the first quadrant. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 18-Sep-2014.)

**Assertion**
Ref	Expression
pellqrex	⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) → ∃𝑥 ∈ (Pell1QR‘𝐷)1 < 𝑥)

Distinct variable group: 𝑥,𝐷

Proof of Theorem pellqrex Dummy variables 𝑎 𝑐 𝑑 are mutually distinct and distinct from all other variables.

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		eldifi 4126	. . 3 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) → 𝐷 ∈ ℕ)
2		eldifn 4127	. . . 4 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) → ¬ 𝐷 ∈ ◻_NN)
3	1	anim1i 614	. . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℚ) → (𝐷 ∈ ℕ ∧ (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℚ))
4		fveq2 6891	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑎 = 𝐷 → (√‘𝑎) = (√‘𝐷))
5	4	eleq1d 2817	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑎 = 𝐷 → ((√‘𝑎) ∈ ℚ ↔ (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℚ))
6		df-squarenn 41882	. . . . . 6 ⊢ ◻_NN = {𝑎 ∈ ℕ ∣ (√‘𝑎) ∈ ℚ}
7	5, 6	elrab2 3686	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ◻_NN ↔ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ ∧ (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℚ))
8	3, 7	sylibr 233	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℚ) → 𝐷 ∈ ◻_NN)
9	2, 8	mtand 813	. . 3 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) → ¬ (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℚ)
10		pellex 41876	. . 3 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ ℕ ∧ ¬ (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℚ) → ∃𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑑 ∈ ℕ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1)
11	1, 9, 10	syl2anc 583	. 2 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) → ∃𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑑 ∈ ℕ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1)
12		simpll 764	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) ∧ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1) → 𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN))
13		nnnn0 12484	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ → 𝑐 ∈ ℕ₀)
14	13	adantr 480	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑐 ∈ ℕ₀)
15	14	ad2antlr 724	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) ∧ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1) → 𝑐 ∈ ℕ₀)
16		nnnn0 12484	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑑 ∈ ℕ → 𝑑 ∈ ℕ₀)
17	16	adantl 481	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑑 ∈ ℕ₀)
18	17	ad2antlr 724	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) ∧ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1) → 𝑑 ∈ ℕ₀)
19		simpr 484	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) ∧ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1) → ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1)
20		pellqrexplicit 41918	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ 𝑐 ∈ ℕ₀ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ₀) ∧ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1) → (𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)) ∈ (Pell1QR‘𝐷))
21	12, 15, 18, 19, 20	syl31anc 1372	. . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) ∧ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1) → (𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)) ∈ (Pell1QR‘𝐷))
22		1re 11219	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ 1 ∈ ℝ
23	22	a1i 11	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 1 ∈ ℝ)
24	22, 22	readdcli 11234	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (1 + 1) ∈ ℝ
25	24	a1i 11	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → (1 + 1) ∈ ℝ)
26		nnre 12224	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ → 𝑐 ∈ ℝ)
27	26	ad2antrl 725	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 𝑐 ∈ ℝ)
28	1	adantr 480	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 𝐷 ∈ ℕ)
29	28	nnrpd 13019	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 𝐷 ∈ ℝ⁺)
30	29	rpsqrtcld 15363	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℝ⁺)
31	30	rpred 13021	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℝ)
32		nnre 12224	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑑 ∈ ℕ → 𝑑 ∈ ℝ)
33	32	ad2antll 726	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 𝑑 ∈ ℝ)
34	31, 33	remulcld 11249	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑) ∈ ℝ)
35	27, 34	readdcld 11248	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → (𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)) ∈ ℝ)
36	22	ltp1i 12123	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ 1 < (1 + 1)
37	36	a1i 11	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 1 < (1 + 1))
38		nnge1 12245	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ → 1 ≤ 𝑐)
39	38	ad2antrl 725	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 1 ≤ 𝑐)
40		1t1e1 12379	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (1 · 1) = 1
41		nnge1 12245	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → 1 ≤ 𝐷)
42		sq1 14164	. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ⊢ (1↑2) = 1
43	42	a1i 11	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → (1↑2) = 1)
44		nncn 12225	. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → 𝐷 ∈ ℂ)
45	44	sqsqrtd 15391	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → ((√‘𝐷)↑2) = 𝐷)
46	41, 43, 45	3brtr4d 5180	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → (1↑2) ≤ ((√‘𝐷)↑2))
47	22	a1i 11	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → 1 ∈ ℝ)
48		nnrp 12990	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → 𝐷 ∈ ℝ⁺)
49	48	rpsqrtcld 15363	. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℝ⁺)
50	49	rpred 13021	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℝ)
51		0le1 11742	. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ⊢ 0 ≤ 1
52	51	a1i 11	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → 0 ≤ 1)
53	49	rpge0d 13025	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → 0 ≤ (√‘𝐷))
54	47, 50, 52, 53	le2sqd 14225	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → (1 ≤ (√‘𝐷) ↔ (1↑2) ≤ ((√‘𝐷)↑2)))
55	46, 54	mpbird 257	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → 1 ≤ (√‘𝐷))
56	28, 55	syl 17	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 1 ≤ (√‘𝐷))
57		nnge1 12245	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝑑 ∈ ℕ → 1 ≤ 𝑑)
58	57	ad2antll 726	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 1 ≤ 𝑑)
59	23, 51	jctir 520	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → (1 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ 1))
60		lemul12a 12077	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ ((((1 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ 1) ∧ (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℝ) ∧ ((1 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ 1) ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℝ)) → ((1 ≤ (√‘𝐷) ∧ 1 ≤ 𝑑) → (1 · 1) ≤ ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)))
61	59, 31, 59, 33, 60	syl22anc 836	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → ((1 ≤ (√‘𝐷) ∧ 1 ≤ 𝑑) → (1 · 1) ≤ ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)))
62	56, 58, 61	mp2and 696	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → (1 · 1) ≤ ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑))
63	40, 62	eqbrtrrid 5184	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 1 ≤ ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑))
64	23, 23, 27, 34, 39, 63	le2addd 11838	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → (1 + 1) ≤ (𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)))
65	23, 25, 35, 37, 64	ltletrd 11379	. . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 1 < (𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)))
66	65	adantr 480	. . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) ∧ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1) → 1 < (𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)))
67		breq2 5152	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)) → (1 < 𝑥 ↔ 1 < (𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑))))
68	67	rspcev 3612	. . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)) ∈ (Pell1QR‘𝐷) ∧ 1 < (𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑))) → ∃𝑥 ∈ (Pell1QR‘𝐷)1 < 𝑥)
69	21, 66, 68	syl2anc 583	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) ∧ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1) → ∃𝑥 ∈ (Pell1QR‘𝐷)1 < 𝑥)
70	69	ex 412	. . 3 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → (((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1 → ∃𝑥 ∈ (Pell1QR‘𝐷)1 < 𝑥))
71	70	rexlimdvva 3210	. 2 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) → (∃𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑑 ∈ ℕ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1 → ∃𝑥 ∈ (Pell1QR‘𝐷)1 < 𝑥))
72	11, 71	mpd 15	1 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) → ∃𝑥 ∈ (Pell1QR‘𝐷)1 < 𝑥)

Colors of variables: wff setvar class

Syntax hints: ¬ wn 3 → wi 4 ∧ wa 395 = wceq 1540 ∈ wcel 2105 ∃wrex 3069 ∖ cdif 3945 class class class wbr 5148 ‘cfv 6543 (class class class)co 7412 ℝcr 11113 0cc0 11114 1c1 11115 + caddc 11117 · cmul 11119 < clt 11253 ≤ cle 11254 − cmin 11449 ℕcn 12217 2c2 12272 ℕ₀cn0 12477 ℚcq 12937 ↑cexp 14032 √csqrt 15185 ◻_NNcsquarenn 41877 Pell1QRcpell1qr 41878

This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1796 ax-4 1810 ax-5 1912 ax-6 1970 ax-7 2010 ax-8 2107 ax-9 2115 ax-10 2136 ax-11 2153 ax-12 2170 ax-ext 2702 ax-rep 5285 ax-sep 5299 ax-nul 5306 ax-pow 5363 ax-pr 5427 ax-un 7729 ax-inf2 9640 ax-cnex 11170 ax-resscn 11171 ax-1cn 11172 ax-icn 11173 ax-addcl 11174 ax-addrcl 11175 ax-mulcl 11176 ax-mulrcl 11177 ax-mulcom 11178 ax-addass 11179 ax-mulass 11180 ax-distr 11181 ax-i2m1 11182 ax-1ne0 11183 ax-1rid 11184 ax-rnegex 11185 ax-rrecex 11186 ax-cnre 11187 ax-pre-lttri 11188 ax-pre-lttrn 11189 ax-pre-ltadd 11190 ax-pre-mulgt0 11191 ax-pre-sup 11192

This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 206 df-an 396 df-or 845 df-3or 1087 df-3an 1088 df-tru 1543 df-fal 1553 df-ex 1781 df-nf 1785 df-sb 2067 df-mo 2533 df-eu 2562 df-clab 2709 df-cleq 2723 df-clel 2809 df-nfc 2884 df-ne 2940 df-nel 3046 df-ral 3061 df-rex 3070 df-rmo 3375 df-reu 3376 df-rab 3432 df-v 3475 df-sbc 3778 df-csb 3894 df-dif 3951 df-un 3953 df-in 3955 df-ss 3965 df-pss 3967 df-nul 4323 df-if 4529 df-pw 4604 df-sn 4629 df-pr 4631 df-op 4635 df-uni 4909 df-int 4951 df-iun 4999 df-br 5149 df-opab 5211 df-mpt 5232 df-tr 5266 df-id 5574 df-eprel 5580 df-po 5588 df-so 5589 df-fr 5631 df-se 5632 df-we 5633 df-xp 5682 df-rel 5683 df-cnv 5684 df-co 5685 df-dm 5686 df-rn 5687 df-res 5688 df-ima 5689 df-pred 6300 df-ord 6367 df-on 6368 df-lim 6369 df-suc 6370 df-iota 6495 df-fun 6545 df-fn 6546 df-f 6547 df-f1 6548 df-fo 6549 df-f1o 6550 df-fv 6551 df-isom 6552 df-riota 7368 df-ov 7415 df-oprab 7416 df-mpo 7417 df-om 7860 df-1st 7979 df-2nd 7980 df-frecs 8270 df-wrecs 8301 df-recs 8375 df-rdg 8414 df-1o 8470 df-oadd 8474 df-omul 8475 df-er 8707 df-map 8826 df-en 8944 df-dom 8945 df-sdom 8946 df-fin 8947 df-sup 9441 df-inf 9442 df-oi 9509 df-card 9938 df-acn 9941 df-pnf 11255 df-mnf 11256 df-xr 11257 df-ltxr 11258 df-le 11259 df-sub 11451 df-neg 11452 df-div 11877 df-nn 12218 df-2 12280 df-3 12281 df-n0 12478 df-xnn0 12550 df-z 12564 df-uz 12828 df-q 12938 df-rp 12980 df-ico 13335 df-fz 13490 df-fl 13762 df-mod 13840 df-seq 13972 df-exp 14033 df-hash 14296 df-cj 15051 df-re 15052 df-im 15053 df-sqrt 15187 df-abs 15188 df-dvds 16203 df-gcd 16441 df-numer 16676 df-denom 16677 df-squarenn 41882 df-pell1qr 41883

This theorem is referenced by: pellfundre 41922 pellfundge 41923 pellfundglb 41926

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