pellqrex - Mathbox for Stefan O'Rear

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Theorem pellqrex 41919

Description: There is a nontrivial solution of a Pell equation in the first quadrant. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 18-Sep-2014.)

**Assertion**
Ref	Expression
pellqrex	⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) → ∃𝑥 ∈ (Pell1QR‘𝐷)1 < 𝑥)

Distinct variable group: 𝑥,𝐷

Proof of Theorem pellqrex Dummy variables 𝑎 𝑐 𝑑 are mutually distinct and distinct from all other variables.

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		eldifi 4125	. . 3 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) → 𝐷 ∈ ℕ)
2		eldifn 4126	. . . 4 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) → ¬ 𝐷 ∈ ◻_NN)
3	1	anim1i 613	. . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℚ) → (𝐷 ∈ ℕ ∧ (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℚ))
4		fveq2 6890	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑎 = 𝐷 → (√‘𝑎) = (√‘𝐷))
5	4	eleq1d 2816	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑎 = 𝐷 → ((√‘𝑎) ∈ ℚ ↔ (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℚ))
6		df-squarenn 41881	. . . . . 6 ⊢ ◻_NN = {𝑎 ∈ ℕ ∣ (√‘𝑎) ∈ ℚ}
7	5, 6	elrab2 3685	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ◻_NN ↔ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ ∧ (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℚ))
8	3, 7	sylibr 233	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℚ) → 𝐷 ∈ ◻_NN)
9	2, 8	mtand 812	. . 3 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) → ¬ (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℚ)
10		pellex 41875	. . 3 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ ℕ ∧ ¬ (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℚ) → ∃𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑑 ∈ ℕ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1)
11	1, 9, 10	syl2anc 582	. 2 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) → ∃𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑑 ∈ ℕ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1)
12		simpll 763	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) ∧ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1) → 𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN))
13		nnnn0 12483	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ → 𝑐 ∈ ℕ₀)
14	13	adantr 479	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑐 ∈ ℕ₀)
15	14	ad2antlr 723	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) ∧ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1) → 𝑐 ∈ ℕ₀)
16		nnnn0 12483	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑑 ∈ ℕ → 𝑑 ∈ ℕ₀)
17	16	adantl 480	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑑 ∈ ℕ₀)
18	17	ad2antlr 723	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) ∧ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1) → 𝑑 ∈ ℕ₀)
19		simpr 483	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) ∧ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1) → ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1)
20		pellqrexplicit 41917	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ 𝑐 ∈ ℕ₀ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ₀) ∧ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1) → (𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)) ∈ (Pell1QR‘𝐷))
21	12, 15, 18, 19, 20	syl31anc 1371	. . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) ∧ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1) → (𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)) ∈ (Pell1QR‘𝐷))
22		1re 11218	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ 1 ∈ ℝ
23	22	a1i 11	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 1 ∈ ℝ)
24	22, 22	readdcli 11233	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (1 + 1) ∈ ℝ
25	24	a1i 11	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → (1 + 1) ∈ ℝ)
26		nnre 12223	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ → 𝑐 ∈ ℝ)
27	26	ad2antrl 724	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 𝑐 ∈ ℝ)
28	1	adantr 479	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 𝐷 ∈ ℕ)
29	28	nnrpd 13018	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 𝐷 ∈ ℝ⁺)
30	29	rpsqrtcld 15362	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℝ⁺)
31	30	rpred 13020	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℝ)
32		nnre 12223	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑑 ∈ ℕ → 𝑑 ∈ ℝ)
33	32	ad2antll 725	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 𝑑 ∈ ℝ)
34	31, 33	remulcld 11248	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑) ∈ ℝ)
35	27, 34	readdcld 11247	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → (𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)) ∈ ℝ)
36	22	ltp1i 12122	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ 1 < (1 + 1)
37	36	a1i 11	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 1 < (1 + 1))
38		nnge1 12244	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ → 1 ≤ 𝑐)
39	38	ad2antrl 724	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 1 ≤ 𝑐)
40		1t1e1 12378	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (1 · 1) = 1
41		nnge1 12244	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → 1 ≤ 𝐷)
42		sq1 14163	. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ⊢ (1↑2) = 1
43	42	a1i 11	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → (1↑2) = 1)
44		nncn 12224	. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → 𝐷 ∈ ℂ)
45	44	sqsqrtd 15390	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → ((√‘𝐷)↑2) = 𝐷)
46	41, 43, 45	3brtr4d 5179	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → (1↑2) ≤ ((√‘𝐷)↑2))
47	22	a1i 11	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → 1 ∈ ℝ)
48		nnrp 12989	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → 𝐷 ∈ ℝ⁺)
49	48	rpsqrtcld 15362	. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℝ⁺)
50	49	rpred 13020	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℝ)
51		0le1 11741	. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ⊢ 0 ≤ 1
52	51	a1i 11	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → 0 ≤ 1)
53	49	rpge0d 13024	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → 0 ≤ (√‘𝐷))
54	47, 50, 52, 53	le2sqd 14224	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → (1 ≤ (√‘𝐷) ↔ (1↑2) ≤ ((√‘𝐷)↑2)))
55	46, 54	mpbird 256	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ℕ → 1 ≤ (√‘𝐷))
56	28, 55	syl 17	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 1 ≤ (√‘𝐷))
57		nnge1 12244	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝑑 ∈ ℕ → 1 ≤ 𝑑)
58	57	ad2antll 725	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 1 ≤ 𝑑)
59	23, 51	jctir 519	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → (1 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ 1))
60		lemul12a 12076	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ ((((1 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ 1) ∧ (√‘𝐷) ∈ ℝ) ∧ ((1 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ 1) ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℝ)) → ((1 ≤ (√‘𝐷) ∧ 1 ≤ 𝑑) → (1 · 1) ≤ ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)))
61	59, 31, 59, 33, 60	syl22anc 835	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → ((1 ≤ (√‘𝐷) ∧ 1 ≤ 𝑑) → (1 · 1) ≤ ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)))
62	56, 58, 61	mp2and 695	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → (1 · 1) ≤ ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑))
63	40, 62	eqbrtrrid 5183	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 1 ≤ ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑))
64	23, 23, 27, 34, 39, 63	le2addd 11837	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → (1 + 1) ≤ (𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)))
65	23, 25, 35, 37, 64	ltletrd 11378	. . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → 1 < (𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)))
66	65	adantr 479	. . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) ∧ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1) → 1 < (𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)))
67		breq2 5151	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)) → (1 < 𝑥 ↔ 1 < (𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑))))
68	67	rspcev 3611	. . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑)) ∈ (Pell1QR‘𝐷) ∧ 1 < (𝑐 + ((√‘𝐷) · 𝑑))) → ∃𝑥 ∈ (Pell1QR‘𝐷)1 < 𝑥)
69	21, 66, 68	syl2anc 582	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) ∧ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1) → ∃𝑥 ∈ (Pell1QR‘𝐷)1 < 𝑥)
70	69	ex 411	. . 3 ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) ∧ (𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑑 ∈ ℕ)) → (((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1 → ∃𝑥 ∈ (Pell1QR‘𝐷)1 < 𝑥))
71	70	rexlimdvva 3209	. 2 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) → (∃𝑐 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑑 ∈ ℕ ((𝑐↑2) − (𝐷 · (𝑑↑2))) = 1 → ∃𝑥 ∈ (Pell1QR‘𝐷)1 < 𝑥))
72	11, 71	mpd 15	1 ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (ℕ ∖ ◻_NN) → ∃𝑥 ∈ (Pell1QR‘𝐷)1 < 𝑥)

Colors of variables: wff setvar class

Syntax hints: ¬ wn 3 → wi 4 ∧ wa 394 = wceq 1539 ∈ wcel 2104 ∃wrex 3068 ∖ cdif 3944 class class class wbr 5147 ‘cfv 6542 (class class class)co 7411 ℝcr 11111 0cc0 11112 1c1 11113 + caddc 11115 · cmul 11117 < clt 11252 ≤ cle 11253 − cmin 11448 ℕcn 12216 2c2 12271 ℕ₀cn0 12476 ℚcq 12936 ↑cexp 14031 √csqrt 15184 ◻_NNcsquarenn 41876 Pell1QRcpell1qr 41877

This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1795 ax-4 1809 ax-5 1911 ax-6 1969 ax-7 2009 ax-8 2106 ax-9 2114 ax-10 2135 ax-11 2152 ax-12 2169 ax-ext 2701 ax-rep 5284 ax-sep 5298 ax-nul 5305 ax-pow 5362 ax-pr 5426 ax-un 7727 ax-inf2 9638 ax-cnex 11168 ax-resscn 11169 ax-1cn 11170 ax-icn 11171 ax-addcl 11172 ax-addrcl 11173 ax-mulcl 11174 ax-mulrcl 11175 ax-mulcom 11176 ax-addass 11177 ax-mulass 11178 ax-distr 11179 ax-i2m1 11180 ax-1ne0 11181 ax-1rid 11182 ax-rnegex 11183 ax-rrecex 11184 ax-cnre 11185 ax-pre-lttri 11186 ax-pre-lttrn 11187 ax-pre-ltadd 11188 ax-pre-mulgt0 11189 ax-pre-sup 11190

This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 206 df-an 395 df-or 844 df-3or 1086 df-3an 1087 df-tru 1542 df-fal 1552 df-ex 1780 df-nf 1784 df-sb 2066 df-mo 2532 df-eu 2561 df-clab 2708 df-cleq 2722 df-clel 2808 df-nfc 2883 df-ne 2939 df-nel 3045 df-ral 3060 df-rex 3069 df-rmo 3374 df-reu 3375 df-rab 3431 df-v 3474 df-sbc 3777 df-csb 3893 df-dif 3950 df-un 3952 df-in 3954 df-ss 3964 df-pss 3966 df-nul 4322 df-if 4528 df-pw 4603 df-sn 4628 df-pr 4630 df-op 4634 df-uni 4908 df-int 4950 df-iun 4998 df-br 5148 df-opab 5210 df-mpt 5231 df-tr 5265 df-id 5573 df-eprel 5579 df-po 5587 df-so 5588 df-fr 5630 df-se 5631 df-we 5632 df-xp 5681 df-rel 5682 df-cnv 5683 df-co 5684 df-dm 5685 df-rn 5686 df-res 5687 df-ima 5688 df-pred 6299 df-ord 6366 df-on 6367 df-lim 6368 df-suc 6369 df-iota 6494 df-fun 6544 df-fn 6545 df-f 6546 df-f1 6547 df-fo 6548 df-f1o 6549 df-fv 6550 df-isom 6551 df-riota 7367 df-ov 7414 df-oprab 7415 df-mpo 7416 df-om 7858 df-1st 7977 df-2nd 7978 df-frecs 8268 df-wrecs 8299 df-recs 8373 df-rdg 8412 df-1o 8468 df-oadd 8472 df-omul 8473 df-er 8705 df-map 8824 df-en 8942 df-dom 8943 df-sdom 8944 df-fin 8945 df-sup 9439 df-inf 9440 df-oi 9507 df-card 9936 df-acn 9939 df-pnf 11254 df-mnf 11255 df-xr 11256 df-ltxr 11257 df-le 11258 df-sub 11450 df-neg 11451 df-div 11876 df-nn 12217 df-2 12279 df-3 12280 df-n0 12477 df-xnn0 12549 df-z 12563 df-uz 12827 df-q 12937 df-rp 12979 df-ico 13334 df-fz 13489 df-fl 13761 df-mod 13839 df-seq 13971 df-exp 14032 df-hash 14295 df-cj 15050 df-re 15051 df-im 15052 df-sqrt 15186 df-abs 15187 df-dvds 16202 df-gcd 16440 df-numer 16675 df-denom 16676 df-squarenn 41881 df-pell1qr 41882

This theorem is referenced by: pellfundre 41921 pellfundge 41922 pellfundglb 41925

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