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Theorem plyrem 26477
Description: The polynomial remainder theorem, or little Bézout's theorem (by contrast to the regular Bézout's theorem bezout 16607). If a polynomial 𝐹 is divided by the linear factor 𝑥𝐴, the remainder is equal to 𝐹(𝐴), the evaluation of the polynomial at 𝐴 (interpreted as a constant polynomial). This is part of Metamath 100 proof #89. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jul-2014.)
Hypotheses
Ref Expression
plyrem.1 𝐺 = (Xpf − (ℂ × {𝐴}))
plyrem.2 𝑅 = (𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))
Assertion
Ref Expression
plyrem ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝐹𝐴)}))

Proof of Theorem plyrem
StepHypRef Expression
1 plyssc 26368 . . . . . . . 8 (Poly‘𝑆) ⊆ (Poly‘ℂ)
2 simpl 487 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆))
31, 2sselid 3934 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
4 plyrem.1 . . . . . . . . . 10 𝐺 = (Xpf − (ℂ × {𝐴}))
54plyremlem 26476 . . . . . . . . 9 (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ (deg‘𝐺) = 1 ∧ (𝐺 “ {0}) = {𝐴}))
65adantl 486 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ (deg‘𝐺) = 1 ∧ (𝐺 “ {0}) = {𝐴}))
76simp1d 1159 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
86simp2d 1160 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝐺) = 1)
9 ax-1ne0 11175 . . . . . . . . . 10 1 ≠ 0
109a1i 11 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 1 ≠ 0)
118, 10eqnetrd 3024 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝐺) ≠ 0)
12 fveq2 6881 . . . . . . . . . 10 (𝐺 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝐺) = (deg‘0𝑝))
13 dgr0 26430 . . . . . . . . . 10 (deg‘0𝑝) = 0
1412, 13eqtrdi 2813 . . . . . . . . 9 (𝐺 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝐺) = 0)
1514necon3i 2989 . . . . . . . 8 ((deg‘𝐺) ≠ 0 → 𝐺 ≠ 0𝑝)
1611, 15syl 18 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐺 ≠ 0𝑝)
17 plyrem.2 . . . . . . . 8 𝑅 = (𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))
1817quotdgr 26475 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ 𝐺 ≠ 0𝑝) → (𝑅 = 0𝑝 ∨ (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)))
193, 7, 16, 18syl3anc 1397 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅 = 0𝑝 ∨ (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)))
20 0lt1 11742 . . . . . . . 8 0 < 1
2120, 8breqtrrid 5148 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 0 < (deg‘𝐺))
22 fveq2 6881 . . . . . . . . 9 (𝑅 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝑅) = (deg‘0𝑝))
2322, 13eqtrdi 2813 . . . . . . . 8 (𝑅 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝑅) = 0)
2423breq1d 5118 . . . . . . 7 (𝑅 = 0𝑝 → ((deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺) ↔ 0 < (deg‘𝐺)))
2521, 24syl5ibrcom 250 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)))
26 pm2.62 912 . . . . . 6 ((𝑅 = 0𝑝 ∨ (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)) → ((𝑅 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)) → (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)))
2719, 25, 26sylc 66 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺))
2827, 8breqtrd 5136 . . . 4 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) < 1)
29 quotcl2 26474 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ 𝐺 ≠ 0𝑝) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
303, 7, 16, 29syl3anc 1397 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
31 plymulcl 26389 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ (𝐹 quot 𝐺) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ)) → (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
327, 30, 31syl2anc 595 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
33 plysubcl 26390 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ)) → (𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
343, 32, 33syl2anc 595 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
3517, 34eqeltrid 2866 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝑅 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
36 dgrcl 26401 . . . . . 6 (𝑅 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) ∈ ℕ0)
3735, 36syl 18 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) ∈ ℕ0)
38 nn0lt10b 12664 . . . . 5 ((deg‘𝑅) ∈ ℕ0 → ((deg‘𝑅) < 1 ↔ (deg‘𝑅) = 0))
3937, 38syl 18 . . . 4 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((deg‘𝑅) < 1 ↔ (deg‘𝑅) = 0))
4028, 39mpbid 235 . . 3 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) = 0)
41 0dgrb 26414 . . . 4 (𝑅 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) → ((deg‘𝑅) = 0 ↔ 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})))
4235, 41syl 18 . . 3 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((deg‘𝑅) = 0 ↔ 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})))
4340, 42mpbid 235 . 2 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)}))
4443fveq1d 6883 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅𝐴) = ((ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})‘𝐴))
4517fveq1i 6882 . . . . . . 7 (𝑅𝐴) = ((𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))‘𝐴)
46 plyf 26366 . . . . . . . . . . 11 (𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) → 𝐹:ℂ⟶ℂ)
4746adantr 485 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐹:ℂ⟶ℂ)
4847ffnd 6706 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐹 Fn ℂ)
49 plyf 26366 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 (𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) → 𝐺:ℂ⟶ℂ)
507, 49syl 18 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐺:ℂ⟶ℂ)
5150ffnd 6706 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐺 Fn ℂ)
52 plyf 26366 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺):ℂ⟶ℂ)
5330, 52syl 18 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺):ℂ⟶ℂ)
5453ffnd 6706 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺) Fn ℂ)
55 cnex 11187 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ℂ ∈ V
5655a1i 11 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ℂ ∈ V)
57 inidm 4178 . . . . . . . . . 10 (ℂ ∩ ℂ) = ℂ
5851, 54, 56, 56, 57offn 7689 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) Fn ℂ)
59 eqidd 2763 . . . . . . . . 9 (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹𝐴) = (𝐹𝐴))
606simp3d 1161 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐺 “ {0}) = {𝐴})
61 ssun1 4130 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 (𝐺 “ {0}) ⊆ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0}))
6260, 61eqsstrrdi 3981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → {𝐴} ⊆ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})))
63 snssg 4748 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})) ↔ {𝐴} ⊆ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0}))))
6463adantl 486 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})) ↔ {𝐴} ⊆ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0}))))
6562, 64mpbird 260 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})))
66 ofmulrt 26451 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ((ℂ ∈ V ∧ 𝐺:ℂ⟶ℂ ∧ (𝐹 quot 𝐺):ℂ⟶ℂ) → ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}) = ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})))
6756, 50, 53, 66syl3anc 1397 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}) = ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})))
6865, 67eleqtrrd 2865 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}))
69 fniniseg 7055 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) Fn ℂ → (𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}) ↔ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0)))
7058, 69syl 18 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}) ↔ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0)))
7168, 70mpbid 235 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0))
7271simprd 500 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0)
7372adantr 485 . . . . . . . . 9 (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0)
7448, 58, 56, 56, 57, 59, 73ofval 7687 . . . . . . . 8 (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))‘𝐴) = ((𝐹𝐴) − 0))
7574anabss3 687 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))‘𝐴) = ((𝐹𝐴) − 0))
7645, 75eqtrid 2809 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅𝐴) = ((𝐹𝐴) − 0))
7746ffvelcdmda 7079 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹𝐴) ∈ ℂ)
7877subid1d 11564 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐹𝐴) − 0) = (𝐹𝐴))
7976, 78eqtrd 2797 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅𝐴) = (𝐹𝐴))
80 fvex 6894 . . . . . . 7 (𝑅‘0) ∈ V
8180fvconst2 7202 . . . . . 6 (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ((ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})‘𝐴) = (𝑅‘0))
8281adantl 486 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})‘𝐴) = (𝑅‘0))
8344, 79, 823eqtr3d 2805 . . . 4 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹𝐴) = (𝑅‘0))
8483sneqd 4600 . . 3 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → {(𝐹𝐴)} = {(𝑅‘0)})
8584xpeq2d 5690 . 2 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (ℂ × {(𝐹𝐴)}) = (ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)}))
8643, 85eqtr4d 2800 1 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝐹𝐴)}))
Colors of variables:    wff setvar class
This proof depends on syntax axioms:  wi 4  wb 209  wa 400  wo 860  w3a 1102   = wceq 1569  wcel 2142  wne 2957  Vcvv 3454  cun 3902  wss 3904  {csn 4588   class class class wbr 5108   × cxp 5658  ccnv 5659  cima 5663   Fn wfn 6531  wf 6532  cfv 6536  (class class class)co 7412  f cof 7674  cc 11104  0cc0 11106  1c1 11107   · cmul 11111   < clt 11249  cmin 11447  0cn0 12510  0𝑝c0p 25839  Polycply 26352  Xpcidp 26353  degcdgr 26355   quot cquot 26462
This proof depends on axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1824  ax-4 1838  ax-5 1939  ax-6 1996  ax-7 2037  ax-8 2144  ax-9 2152  ax-10 2175  ax-11 2191  ax-12 2212  ax-ext 2734  ax-rep 5237  ax-sep 5256  ax-nul 5268  ax-pow 5335  ax-pr 5403  ax-un 7734  ax-inf2 9608  ax-cnex 11162  ax-resscn 11163  ax-1cn 11164  ax-icn 11165  ax-addcl 11166  ax-addrcl 11167  ax-mulcl 11168  ax-mulrcl 11169  ax-mulcom 11170  ax-addass 11171  ax-mulass 11172  ax-distr 11173  ax-i2m1 11174  ax-1ne0 11175  ax-1rid 11176  ax-rnegex 11177  ax-rrecex 11178  ax-cnre 11179  ax-pre-lttri 11180  ax-pre-lttrn 11181  ax-pre-ltadd 11182  ax-pre-mulgt0 11183  ax-pre-sup 11184
This proof depends on definitions:  df-bi 210  df-an 401  df-or 861  df-3or 1103  df-3an 1104  df-tru 1572  df-fal 1582  df-ex 1809  df-nf 1813  df-sb 2096  df-mo 2566  df-eu 2596  df-clab 2741  df-cleq 2754  df-clel 2837  df-nfc 2911  df-ne 2958  df-nel 3064  df-ral 3079  df-rex 3089  df-rmo 3368  df-reu 3369  df-rab 3416  df-v 3456  df-sbc 3744  df-csb 3853  df-dif 3907  df-un 3909  df-in 3911  df-ss 3921  df-pss 3924  df-nul 4286  df-if 4487  df-pw 4563  df-sn 4589  df-pr 4591  df-op 4595  df-uni 4872  df-int 4912  df-iun 4957  df-br 5109  df-opab 5173  df-mpt 5192  df-tr 5218  df-id 5555  df-eprel 5560  df-po 5568  df-so 5569  df-fr 5613  df-se 5614  df-we 5615  df-xp 5666  df-rel 5667  df-cnv 5668  df-co 5669  df-dm 5670  df-rn 5671  df-res 5672  df-ima 5673  df-pred 6302  df-ord 6363  df-on 6364  df-lim 6365  df-suc 6366  df-iota 6492  df-fun 6538  df-fn 6539  df-f 6540  df-f1 6541  df-fo 6542  df-f1o 6543  df-fv 6544  df-isom 6545  df-riota 7369  df-ov 7415  df-oprab 7416  df-mpo 7417  df-of 7676  df-om 7861  df-1st 7984  df-2nd 7985  df-frecs 8276  df-wrecs 8307  df-recs 8356  df-rdg 8395  df-1o 8451  df-er 8692  df-map 8824  df-pm 8825  df-en 8942  df-dom 8943  df-sdom 8944  df-fin 8945  df-sup 9400  df-inf 9401  df-oi 9470  df-card 9932  df-pnf 11251  df-mnf 11252  df-xr 11253  df-ltxr 11254  df-le 11255  df-sub 11449  df-neg 11450  df-div 11878  df-nn 12240  df-2 12309  df-3 12310  df-n0 12511  df-z 12598  df-uz 12869  df-rp 13023  df-fz 13542  df-fzo 13690  df-fl 13832  df-seq 14045  df-exp 14105  df-hash 14374  df-cj 15157  df-re 15158  df-im 15159  df-sqrt 15293  df-abs 15294  df-clim 15546  df-rlim 15547  df-sum 15745  df-0p 25840  df-ply 26356  df-idp 26357  df-coe 26358  df-dgr 26359  df-quot 26463
This theorem is used by:  facth  26478
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