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Theorem plyrem 25370
Description: The polynomial remainder theorem, or little Bézout's theorem (by contrast to the regular Bézout's theorem bezout 16179). If a polynomial 𝐹 is divided by the linear factor 𝑥𝐴, the remainder is equal to 𝐹(𝐴), the evaluation of the polynomial at 𝐴 (interpreted as a constant polynomial). This is part of Metamath 100 proof #89. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jul-2014.)
Hypotheses
Ref Expression
plyrem.1 𝐺 = (Xpf − (ℂ × {𝐴}))
plyrem.2 𝑅 = (𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))
Assertion
Ref Expression
plyrem ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝐹𝐴)}))

Proof of Theorem plyrem
StepHypRef Expression
1 plyssc 25266 . . . . . . . 8 (Poly‘𝑆) ⊆ (Poly‘ℂ)
2 simpl 482 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆))
31, 2sselid 3915 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
4 plyrem.1 . . . . . . . . . 10 𝐺 = (Xpf − (ℂ × {𝐴}))
54plyremlem 25369 . . . . . . . . 9 (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ (deg‘𝐺) = 1 ∧ (𝐺 “ {0}) = {𝐴}))
65adantl 481 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ (deg‘𝐺) = 1 ∧ (𝐺 “ {0}) = {𝐴}))
76simp1d 1140 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
86simp2d 1141 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝐺) = 1)
9 ax-1ne0 10871 . . . . . . . . . 10 1 ≠ 0
109a1i 11 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 1 ≠ 0)
118, 10eqnetrd 3010 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝐺) ≠ 0)
12 fveq2 6756 . . . . . . . . . 10 (𝐺 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝐺) = (deg‘0𝑝))
13 dgr0 25328 . . . . . . . . . 10 (deg‘0𝑝) = 0
1412, 13eqtrdi 2795 . . . . . . . . 9 (𝐺 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝐺) = 0)
1514necon3i 2975 . . . . . . . 8 ((deg‘𝐺) ≠ 0 → 𝐺 ≠ 0𝑝)
1611, 15syl 17 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐺 ≠ 0𝑝)
17 plyrem.2 . . . . . . . 8 𝑅 = (𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))
1817quotdgr 25368 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ 𝐺 ≠ 0𝑝) → (𝑅 = 0𝑝 ∨ (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)))
193, 7, 16, 18syl3anc 1369 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅 = 0𝑝 ∨ (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)))
20 0lt1 11427 . . . . . . . 8 0 < 1
2120, 8breqtrrid 5108 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 0 < (deg‘𝐺))
22 fveq2 6756 . . . . . . . . 9 (𝑅 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝑅) = (deg‘0𝑝))
2322, 13eqtrdi 2795 . . . . . . . 8 (𝑅 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝑅) = 0)
2423breq1d 5080 . . . . . . 7 (𝑅 = 0𝑝 → ((deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺) ↔ 0 < (deg‘𝐺)))
2521, 24syl5ibrcom 246 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)))
26 pm2.62 896 . . . . . 6 ((𝑅 = 0𝑝 ∨ (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)) → ((𝑅 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)) → (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)))
2719, 25, 26sylc 65 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺))
2827, 8breqtrd 5096 . . . 4 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) < 1)
29 quotcl2 25367 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ 𝐺 ≠ 0𝑝) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
303, 7, 16, 29syl3anc 1369 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
31 plymulcl 25287 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ (𝐹 quot 𝐺) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ)) → (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
327, 30, 31syl2anc 583 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
33 plysubcl 25288 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ)) → (𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
343, 32, 33syl2anc 583 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
3517, 34eqeltrid 2843 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝑅 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
36 dgrcl 25299 . . . . . 6 (𝑅 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) ∈ ℕ0)
3735, 36syl 17 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) ∈ ℕ0)
38 nn0lt10b 12312 . . . . 5 ((deg‘𝑅) ∈ ℕ0 → ((deg‘𝑅) < 1 ↔ (deg‘𝑅) = 0))
3937, 38syl 17 . . . 4 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((deg‘𝑅) < 1 ↔ (deg‘𝑅) = 0))
4028, 39mpbid 231 . . 3 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) = 0)
41 0dgrb 25312 . . . 4 (𝑅 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) → ((deg‘𝑅) = 0 ↔ 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})))
4235, 41syl 17 . . 3 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((deg‘𝑅) = 0 ↔ 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})))
4340, 42mpbid 231 . 2 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)}))
4443fveq1d 6758 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅𝐴) = ((ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})‘𝐴))
4517fveq1i 6757 . . . . . . 7 (𝑅𝐴) = ((𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))‘𝐴)
46 plyf 25264 . . . . . . . . . . 11 (𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) → 𝐹:ℂ⟶ℂ)
4746adantr 480 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐹:ℂ⟶ℂ)
4847ffnd 6585 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐹 Fn ℂ)
49 plyf 25264 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 (𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) → 𝐺:ℂ⟶ℂ)
507, 49syl 17 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐺:ℂ⟶ℂ)
5150ffnd 6585 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐺 Fn ℂ)
52 plyf 25264 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺):ℂ⟶ℂ)
5330, 52syl 17 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺):ℂ⟶ℂ)
5453ffnd 6585 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺) Fn ℂ)
55 cnex 10883 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ℂ ∈ V
5655a1i 11 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ℂ ∈ V)
57 inidm 4149 . . . . . . . . . 10 (ℂ ∩ ℂ) = ℂ
5851, 54, 56, 56, 57offn 7524 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) Fn ℂ)
59 eqidd 2739 . . . . . . . . 9 (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹𝐴) = (𝐹𝐴))
606simp3d 1142 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐺 “ {0}) = {𝐴})
61 ssun1 4102 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 (𝐺 “ {0}) ⊆ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0}))
6260, 61eqsstrrdi 3972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → {𝐴} ⊆ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})))
63 snssg 4715 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})) ↔ {𝐴} ⊆ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0}))))
6463adantl 481 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})) ↔ {𝐴} ⊆ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0}))))
6562, 64mpbird 256 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})))
66 ofmulrt 25347 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ((ℂ ∈ V ∧ 𝐺:ℂ⟶ℂ ∧ (𝐹 quot 𝐺):ℂ⟶ℂ) → ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}) = ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})))
6756, 50, 53, 66syl3anc 1369 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}) = ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})))
6865, 67eleqtrrd 2842 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}))
69 fniniseg 6919 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) Fn ℂ → (𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}) ↔ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0)))
7058, 69syl 17 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}) ↔ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0)))
7168, 70mpbid 231 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0))
7271simprd 495 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0)
7372adantr 480 . . . . . . . . 9 (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0)
7448, 58, 56, 56, 57, 59, 73ofval 7522 . . . . . . . 8 (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))‘𝐴) = ((𝐹𝐴) − 0))
7574anabss3 671 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))‘𝐴) = ((𝐹𝐴) − 0))
7645, 75syl5eq 2791 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅𝐴) = ((𝐹𝐴) − 0))
7746ffvelrnda 6943 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹𝐴) ∈ ℂ)
7877subid1d 11251 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐹𝐴) − 0) = (𝐹𝐴))
7976, 78eqtrd 2778 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅𝐴) = (𝐹𝐴))
80 fvex 6769 . . . . . . 7 (𝑅‘0) ∈ V
8180fvconst2 7061 . . . . . 6 (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ((ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})‘𝐴) = (𝑅‘0))
8281adantl 481 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})‘𝐴) = (𝑅‘0))
8344, 79, 823eqtr3d 2786 . . . 4 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹𝐴) = (𝑅‘0))
8483sneqd 4570 . . 3 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → {(𝐹𝐴)} = {(𝑅‘0)})
8584xpeq2d 5610 . 2 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (ℂ × {(𝐹𝐴)}) = (ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)}))
8643, 85eqtr4d 2781 1 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝐹𝐴)}))
Colors of variables: wff setvar class
Syntax hints:  wi 4  wb 205  wa 395  wo 843  w3a 1085   = wceq 1539  wcel 2108  wne 2942  Vcvv 3422  cun 3881  wss 3883  {csn 4558   class class class wbr 5070   × cxp 5578  ccnv 5579  cima 5583   Fn wfn 6413  wf 6414  cfv 6418  (class class class)co 7255  f cof 7509  cc 10800  0cc0 10802  1c1 10803   · cmul 10807   < clt 10940  cmin 11135  0cn0 12163  0𝑝c0p 24738  Polycply 25250  Xpcidp 25251  degcdgr 25253   quot cquot 25355
This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1799  ax-4 1813  ax-5 1914  ax-6 1972  ax-7 2012  ax-8 2110  ax-9 2118  ax-10 2139  ax-11 2156  ax-12 2173  ax-ext 2709  ax-rep 5205  ax-sep 5218  ax-nul 5225  ax-pow 5283  ax-pr 5347  ax-un 7566  ax-inf2 9329  ax-cnex 10858  ax-resscn 10859  ax-1cn 10860  ax-icn 10861  ax-addcl 10862  ax-addrcl 10863  ax-mulcl 10864  ax-mulrcl 10865  ax-mulcom 10866  ax-addass 10867  ax-mulass 10868  ax-distr 10869  ax-i2m1 10870  ax-1ne0 10871  ax-1rid 10872  ax-rnegex 10873  ax-rrecex 10874  ax-cnre 10875  ax-pre-lttri 10876  ax-pre-lttrn 10877  ax-pre-ltadd 10878  ax-pre-mulgt0 10879  ax-pre-sup 10880
This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 206  df-an 396  df-or 844  df-3or 1086  df-3an 1087  df-tru 1542  df-fal 1552  df-ex 1784  df-nf 1788  df-sb 2069  df-mo 2540  df-eu 2569  df-clab 2716  df-cleq 2730  df-clel 2817  df-nfc 2888  df-ne 2943  df-nel 3049  df-ral 3068  df-rex 3069  df-reu 3070  df-rmo 3071  df-rab 3072  df-v 3424  df-sbc 3712  df-csb 3829  df-dif 3886  df-un 3888  df-in 3890  df-ss 3900  df-pss 3902  df-nul 4254  df-if 4457  df-pw 4532  df-sn 4559  df-pr 4561  df-tp 4563  df-op 4565  df-uni 4837  df-int 4877  df-iun 4923  df-br 5071  df-opab 5133  df-mpt 5154  df-tr 5188  df-id 5480  df-eprel 5486  df-po 5494  df-so 5495  df-fr 5535  df-se 5536  df-we 5537  df-xp 5586  df-rel 5587  df-cnv 5588  df-co 5589  df-dm 5590  df-rn 5591  df-res 5592  df-ima 5593  df-pred 6191  df-ord 6254  df-on 6255  df-lim 6256  df-suc 6257  df-iota 6376  df-fun 6420  df-fn 6421  df-f 6422  df-f1 6423  df-fo 6424  df-f1o 6425  df-fv 6426  df-isom 6427  df-riota 7212  df-ov 7258  df-oprab 7259  df-mpo 7260  df-of 7511  df-om 7688  df-1st 7804  df-2nd 7805  df-frecs 8068  df-wrecs 8099  df-recs 8173  df-rdg 8212  df-1o 8267  df-er 8456  df-map 8575  df-pm 8576  df-en 8692  df-dom 8693  df-sdom 8694  df-fin 8695  df-sup 9131  df-inf 9132  df-oi 9199  df-card 9628  df-pnf 10942  df-mnf 10943  df-xr 10944  df-ltxr 10945  df-le 10946  df-sub 11137  df-neg 11138  df-div 11563  df-nn 11904  df-2 11966  df-3 11967  df-n0 12164  df-z 12250  df-uz 12512  df-rp 12660  df-fz 13169  df-fzo 13312  df-fl 13440  df-seq 13650  df-exp 13711  df-hash 13973  df-cj 14738  df-re 14739  df-im 14740  df-sqrt 14874  df-abs 14875  df-clim 15125  df-rlim 15126  df-sum 15326  df-0p 24739  df-ply 25254  df-idp 25255  df-coe 25256  df-dgr 25257  df-quot 25356
This theorem is referenced by:  facth  25371
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