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Theorem plyrem 25465
Description: The polynomial remainder theorem, or little Bézout's theorem (by contrast to the regular Bézout's theorem bezout 16251). If a polynomial 𝐹 is divided by the linear factor 𝑥𝐴, the remainder is equal to 𝐹(𝐴), the evaluation of the polynomial at 𝐴 (interpreted as a constant polynomial). This is part of Metamath 100 proof #89. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jul-2014.)
Hypotheses
Ref Expression
plyrem.1 𝐺 = (Xpf − (ℂ × {𝐴}))
plyrem.2 𝑅 = (𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))
Assertion
Ref Expression
plyrem ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝐹𝐴)}))

Proof of Theorem plyrem
StepHypRef Expression
1 plyssc 25361 . . . . . . . 8 (Poly‘𝑆) ⊆ (Poly‘ℂ)
2 simpl 483 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆))
31, 2sselid 3919 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
4 plyrem.1 . . . . . . . . . 10 𝐺 = (Xpf − (ℂ × {𝐴}))
54plyremlem 25464 . . . . . . . . 9 (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ (deg‘𝐺) = 1 ∧ (𝐺 “ {0}) = {𝐴}))
65adantl 482 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ (deg‘𝐺) = 1 ∧ (𝐺 “ {0}) = {𝐴}))
76simp1d 1141 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
86simp2d 1142 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝐺) = 1)
9 ax-1ne0 10940 . . . . . . . . . 10 1 ≠ 0
109a1i 11 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 1 ≠ 0)
118, 10eqnetrd 3011 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝐺) ≠ 0)
12 fveq2 6774 . . . . . . . . . 10 (𝐺 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝐺) = (deg‘0𝑝))
13 dgr0 25423 . . . . . . . . . 10 (deg‘0𝑝) = 0
1412, 13eqtrdi 2794 . . . . . . . . 9 (𝐺 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝐺) = 0)
1514necon3i 2976 . . . . . . . 8 ((deg‘𝐺) ≠ 0 → 𝐺 ≠ 0𝑝)
1611, 15syl 17 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐺 ≠ 0𝑝)
17 plyrem.2 . . . . . . . 8 𝑅 = (𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))
1817quotdgr 25463 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ 𝐺 ≠ 0𝑝) → (𝑅 = 0𝑝 ∨ (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)))
193, 7, 16, 18syl3anc 1370 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅 = 0𝑝 ∨ (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)))
20 0lt1 11497 . . . . . . . 8 0 < 1
2120, 8breqtrrid 5112 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 0 < (deg‘𝐺))
22 fveq2 6774 . . . . . . . . 9 (𝑅 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝑅) = (deg‘0𝑝))
2322, 13eqtrdi 2794 . . . . . . . 8 (𝑅 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝑅) = 0)
2423breq1d 5084 . . . . . . 7 (𝑅 = 0𝑝 → ((deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺) ↔ 0 < (deg‘𝐺)))
2521, 24syl5ibrcom 246 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)))
26 pm2.62 897 . . . . . 6 ((𝑅 = 0𝑝 ∨ (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)) → ((𝑅 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)) → (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)))
2719, 25, 26sylc 65 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺))
2827, 8breqtrd 5100 . . . 4 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) < 1)
29 quotcl2 25462 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ 𝐺 ≠ 0𝑝) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
303, 7, 16, 29syl3anc 1370 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
31 plymulcl 25382 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ (𝐹 quot 𝐺) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ)) → (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
327, 30, 31syl2anc 584 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
33 plysubcl 25383 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ)) → (𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
343, 32, 33syl2anc 584 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
3517, 34eqeltrid 2843 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝑅 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
36 dgrcl 25394 . . . . . 6 (𝑅 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) ∈ ℕ0)
3735, 36syl 17 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) ∈ ℕ0)
38 nn0lt10b 12382 . . . . 5 ((deg‘𝑅) ∈ ℕ0 → ((deg‘𝑅) < 1 ↔ (deg‘𝑅) = 0))
3937, 38syl 17 . . . 4 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((deg‘𝑅) < 1 ↔ (deg‘𝑅) = 0))
4028, 39mpbid 231 . . 3 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) = 0)
41 0dgrb 25407 . . . 4 (𝑅 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) → ((deg‘𝑅) = 0 ↔ 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})))
4235, 41syl 17 . . 3 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((deg‘𝑅) = 0 ↔ 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})))
4340, 42mpbid 231 . 2 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)}))
4443fveq1d 6776 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅𝐴) = ((ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})‘𝐴))
4517fveq1i 6775 . . . . . . 7 (𝑅𝐴) = ((𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))‘𝐴)
46 plyf 25359 . . . . . . . . . . 11 (𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) → 𝐹:ℂ⟶ℂ)
4746adantr 481 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐹:ℂ⟶ℂ)
4847ffnd 6601 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐹 Fn ℂ)
49 plyf 25359 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 (𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) → 𝐺:ℂ⟶ℂ)
507, 49syl 17 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐺:ℂ⟶ℂ)
5150ffnd 6601 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐺 Fn ℂ)
52 plyf 25359 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺):ℂ⟶ℂ)
5330, 52syl 17 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺):ℂ⟶ℂ)
5453ffnd 6601 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺) Fn ℂ)
55 cnex 10952 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ℂ ∈ V
5655a1i 11 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ℂ ∈ V)
57 inidm 4152 . . . . . . . . . 10 (ℂ ∩ ℂ) = ℂ
5851, 54, 56, 56, 57offn 7546 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) Fn ℂ)
59 eqidd 2739 . . . . . . . . 9 (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹𝐴) = (𝐹𝐴))
606simp3d 1143 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐺 “ {0}) = {𝐴})
61 ssun1 4106 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 (𝐺 “ {0}) ⊆ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0}))
6260, 61eqsstrrdi 3976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → {𝐴} ⊆ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})))
63 snssg 4718 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})) ↔ {𝐴} ⊆ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0}))))
6463adantl 482 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})) ↔ {𝐴} ⊆ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0}))))
6562, 64mpbird 256 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})))
66 ofmulrt 25442 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ((ℂ ∈ V ∧ 𝐺:ℂ⟶ℂ ∧ (𝐹 quot 𝐺):ℂ⟶ℂ) → ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}) = ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})))
6756, 50, 53, 66syl3anc 1370 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}) = ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})))
6865, 67eleqtrrd 2842 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}))
69 fniniseg 6937 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) Fn ℂ → (𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}) ↔ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0)))
7058, 69syl 17 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}) ↔ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0)))
7168, 70mpbid 231 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0))
7271simprd 496 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0)
7372adantr 481 . . . . . . . . 9 (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0)
7448, 58, 56, 56, 57, 59, 73ofval 7544 . . . . . . . 8 (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))‘𝐴) = ((𝐹𝐴) − 0))
7574anabss3 672 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))‘𝐴) = ((𝐹𝐴) − 0))
7645, 75eqtrid 2790 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅𝐴) = ((𝐹𝐴) − 0))
7746ffvelrnda 6961 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹𝐴) ∈ ℂ)
7877subid1d 11321 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐹𝐴) − 0) = (𝐹𝐴))
7976, 78eqtrd 2778 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅𝐴) = (𝐹𝐴))
80 fvex 6787 . . . . . . 7 (𝑅‘0) ∈ V
8180fvconst2 7079 . . . . . 6 (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ((ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})‘𝐴) = (𝑅‘0))
8281adantl 482 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})‘𝐴) = (𝑅‘0))
8344, 79, 823eqtr3d 2786 . . . 4 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹𝐴) = (𝑅‘0))
8483sneqd 4573 . . 3 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → {(𝐹𝐴)} = {(𝑅‘0)})
8584xpeq2d 5619 . 2 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (ℂ × {(𝐹𝐴)}) = (ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)}))
8643, 85eqtr4d 2781 1 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝐹𝐴)}))
Colors of variables: wff setvar class
Syntax hints:  wi 4  wb 205  wa 396  wo 844  w3a 1086   = wceq 1539  wcel 2106  wne 2943  Vcvv 3432  cun 3885  wss 3887  {csn 4561   class class class wbr 5074   × cxp 5587  ccnv 5588  cima 5592   Fn wfn 6428  wf 6429  cfv 6433  (class class class)co 7275  f cof 7531  cc 10869  0cc0 10871  1c1 10872   · cmul 10876   < clt 11009  cmin 11205  0cn0 12233  0𝑝c0p 24833  Polycply 25345  Xpcidp 25346  degcdgr 25348   quot cquot 25450
This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1798  ax-4 1812  ax-5 1913  ax-6 1971  ax-7 2011  ax-8 2108  ax-9 2116  ax-10 2137  ax-11 2154  ax-12 2171  ax-ext 2709  ax-rep 5209  ax-sep 5223  ax-nul 5230  ax-pow 5288  ax-pr 5352  ax-un 7588  ax-inf2 9399  ax-cnex 10927  ax-resscn 10928  ax-1cn 10929  ax-icn 10930  ax-addcl 10931  ax-addrcl 10932  ax-mulcl 10933  ax-mulrcl 10934  ax-mulcom 10935  ax-addass 10936  ax-mulass 10937  ax-distr 10938  ax-i2m1 10939  ax-1ne0 10940  ax-1rid 10941  ax-rnegex 10942  ax-rrecex 10943  ax-cnre 10944  ax-pre-lttri 10945  ax-pre-lttrn 10946  ax-pre-ltadd 10947  ax-pre-mulgt0 10948  ax-pre-sup 10949
This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 206  df-an 397  df-or 845  df-3or 1087  df-3an 1088  df-tru 1542  df-fal 1552  df-ex 1783  df-nf 1787  df-sb 2068  df-mo 2540  df-eu 2569  df-clab 2716  df-cleq 2730  df-clel 2816  df-nfc 2889  df-ne 2944  df-nel 3050  df-ral 3069  df-rex 3070  df-rmo 3071  df-reu 3072  df-rab 3073  df-v 3434  df-sbc 3717  df-csb 3833  df-dif 3890  df-un 3892  df-in 3894  df-ss 3904  df-pss 3906  df-nul 4257  df-if 4460  df-pw 4535  df-sn 4562  df-pr 4564  df-op 4568  df-uni 4840  df-int 4880  df-iun 4926  df-br 5075  df-opab 5137  df-mpt 5158  df-tr 5192  df-id 5489  df-eprel 5495  df-po 5503  df-so 5504  df-fr 5544  df-se 5545  df-we 5546  df-xp 5595  df-rel 5596  df-cnv 5597  df-co 5598  df-dm 5599  df-rn 5600  df-res 5601  df-ima 5602  df-pred 6202  df-ord 6269  df-on 6270  df-lim 6271  df-suc 6272  df-iota 6391  df-fun 6435  df-fn 6436  df-f 6437  df-f1 6438  df-fo 6439  df-f1o 6440  df-fv 6441  df-isom 6442  df-riota 7232  df-ov 7278  df-oprab 7279  df-mpo 7280  df-of 7533  df-om 7713  df-1st 7831  df-2nd 7832  df-frecs 8097  df-wrecs 8128  df-recs 8202  df-rdg 8241  df-1o 8297  df-er 8498  df-map 8617  df-pm 8618  df-en 8734  df-dom 8735  df-sdom 8736  df-fin 8737  df-sup 9201  df-inf 9202  df-oi 9269  df-card 9697  df-pnf 11011  df-mnf 11012  df-xr 11013  df-ltxr 11014  df-le 11015  df-sub 11207  df-neg 11208  df-div 11633  df-nn 11974  df-2 12036  df-3 12037  df-n0 12234  df-z 12320  df-uz 12583  df-rp 12731  df-fz 13240  df-fzo 13383  df-fl 13512  df-seq 13722  df-exp 13783  df-hash 14045  df-cj 14810  df-re 14811  df-im 14812  df-sqrt 14946  df-abs 14947  df-clim 15197  df-rlim 15198  df-sum 15398  df-0p 24834  df-ply 25349  df-idp 25350  df-coe 25351  df-dgr 25352  df-quot 25451
This theorem is referenced by:  facth  25466
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