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Theorem plyrem 26435
Description: The polynomial remainder theorem, or little Bézout's theorem (by contrast to the regular Bézout's theorem bezout 16601). If a polynomial 𝐹 is divided by the linear factor 𝑥𝐴, the remainder is equal to 𝐹(𝐴), the evaluation of the polynomial at 𝐴 (interpreted as a constant polynomial). This is part of Metamath 100 proof #89. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jul-2014.)
Hypotheses
Ref Expression
plyrem.1 𝐺 = (Xpf − (ℂ × {𝐴}))
plyrem.2 𝑅 = (𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))
Assertion
Ref Expression
plyrem ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝐹𝐴)}))

Proof of Theorem plyrem
StepHypRef Expression
1 plyssc 26326 . . . . . . . 8 (Poly‘𝑆) ⊆ (Poly‘ℂ)
2 simpl 487 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆))
31, 2sselid 3941 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
4 plyrem.1 . . . . . . . . . 10 𝐺 = (Xpf − (ℂ × {𝐴}))
54plyremlem 26434 . . . . . . . . 9 (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ (deg‘𝐺) = 1 ∧ (𝐺 “ {0}) = {𝐴}))
65adantl 486 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ (deg‘𝐺) = 1 ∧ (𝐺 “ {0}) = {𝐴}))
76simp1d 1158 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
86simp2d 1159 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝐺) = 1)
9 ax-1ne0 11169 . . . . . . . . . 10 1 ≠ 0
109a1i 11 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 1 ≠ 0)
118, 10eqnetrd 3031 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝐺) ≠ 0)
12 fveq2 6882 . . . . . . . . . 10 (𝐺 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝐺) = (deg‘0𝑝))
13 dgr0 26388 . . . . . . . . . 10 (deg‘0𝑝) = 0
1412, 13eqtrdi 2820 . . . . . . . . 9 (𝐺 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝐺) = 0)
1514necon3i 2996 . . . . . . . 8 ((deg‘𝐺) ≠ 0 → 𝐺 ≠ 0𝑝)
1611, 15syl 18 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐺 ≠ 0𝑝)
17 plyrem.2 . . . . . . . 8 𝑅 = (𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))
1817quotdgr 26433 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ 𝐺 ≠ 0𝑝) → (𝑅 = 0𝑝 ∨ (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)))
193, 7, 16, 18syl3anc 1396 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅 = 0𝑝 ∨ (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)))
20 0lt1 11736 . . . . . . . 8 0 < 1
2120, 8breqtrrid 5151 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 0 < (deg‘𝐺))
22 fveq2 6882 . . . . . . . . 9 (𝑅 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝑅) = (deg‘0𝑝))
2322, 13eqtrdi 2820 . . . . . . . 8 (𝑅 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝑅) = 0)
2423breq1d 5121 . . . . . . 7 (𝑅 = 0𝑝 → ((deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺) ↔ 0 < (deg‘𝐺)))
2521, 24syl5ibrcom 250 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)))
26 pm2.62 912 . . . . . 6 ((𝑅 = 0𝑝 ∨ (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)) → ((𝑅 = 0𝑝 → (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)) → (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺)))
2719, 25, 26sylc 66 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) < (deg‘𝐺))
2827, 8breqtrd 5139 . . . 4 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) < 1)
29 quotcl2 26432 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ 𝐺 ≠ 0𝑝) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
303, 7, 16, 29syl3anc 1396 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
31 plymulcl 26347 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ (𝐹 quot 𝐺) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ)) → (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
327, 30, 31syl2anc 595 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
33 plysubcl 26348 . . . . . . . 8 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) ∧ (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ)) → (𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
343, 32, 33syl2anc 595 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
3517, 34eqeltrid 2873 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝑅 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ))
36 dgrcl 26359 . . . . . 6 (𝑅 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) ∈ ℕ0)
3735, 36syl 18 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) ∈ ℕ0)
38 nn0lt10b 12658 . . . . 5 ((deg‘𝑅) ∈ ℕ0 → ((deg‘𝑅) < 1 ↔ (deg‘𝑅) = 0))
3937, 38syl 18 . . . 4 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((deg‘𝑅) < 1 ↔ (deg‘𝑅) = 0))
4028, 39mpbid 235 . . 3 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (deg‘𝑅) = 0)
41 0dgrb 26372 . . . 4 (𝑅 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) → ((deg‘𝑅) = 0 ↔ 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})))
4235, 41syl 18 . . 3 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((deg‘𝑅) = 0 ↔ 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})))
4340, 42mpbid 235 . 2 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)}))
4443fveq1d 6884 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅𝐴) = ((ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})‘𝐴))
4517fveq1i 6883 . . . . . . 7 (𝑅𝐴) = ((𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))‘𝐴)
46 plyf 26324 . . . . . . . . . . 11 (𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) → 𝐹:ℂ⟶ℂ)
4746adantr 485 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐹:ℂ⟶ℂ)
4847ffnd 6707 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐹 Fn ℂ)
49 plyf 26324 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 (𝐺 ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) → 𝐺:ℂ⟶ℂ)
507, 49syl 18 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐺:ℂ⟶ℂ)
5150ffnd 6707 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐺 Fn ℂ)
52 plyf 26324 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) ∈ (Poly‘ℂ) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺):ℂ⟶ℂ)
5330, 52syl 18 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺):ℂ⟶ℂ)
5453ffnd 6707 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹 quot 𝐺) Fn ℂ)
55 cnex 11181 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ℂ ∈ V
5655a1i 11 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ℂ ∈ V)
57 inidm 4185 . . . . . . . . . 10 (ℂ ∩ ℂ) = ℂ
5851, 54, 56, 56, 57offn 7688 . . . . . . . . 9 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) Fn ℂ)
59 eqidd 2770 . . . . . . . . 9 (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹𝐴) = (𝐹𝐴))
606simp3d 1160 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐺 “ {0}) = {𝐴})
61 ssun1 4137 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 (𝐺 “ {0}) ⊆ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0}))
6260, 61eqsstrrdi 3988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → {𝐴} ⊆ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})))
63 snssg 4752 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})) ↔ {𝐴} ⊆ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0}))))
6463adantl 486 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})) ↔ {𝐴} ⊆ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0}))))
6562, 64mpbird 260 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})))
66 ofmulrt 26409 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ((ℂ ∈ V ∧ 𝐺:ℂ⟶ℂ ∧ (𝐹 quot 𝐺):ℂ⟶ℂ) → ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}) = ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})))
6756, 50, 53, 66syl3anc 1396 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}) = ((𝐺 “ {0}) ∪ ((𝐹 quot 𝐺) “ {0})))
6865, 67eleqtrrd 2872 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}))
69 fniniseg 7056 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) Fn ℂ → (𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}) ↔ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0)))
7058, 69syl 18 . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)) “ {0}) ↔ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0)))
7168, 70mpbid 235 . . . . . . . . . . 11 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0))
7271simprd 500 . . . . . . . . . 10 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0)
7372adantr 485 . . . . . . . . 9 (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺))‘𝐴) = 0)
7448, 58, 56, 56, 57, 59, 73ofval 7686 . . . . . . . 8 (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))‘𝐴) = ((𝐹𝐴) − 0))
7574anabss3 687 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐹f − (𝐺f · (𝐹 quot 𝐺)))‘𝐴) = ((𝐹𝐴) − 0))
7645, 75eqtrid 2816 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅𝐴) = ((𝐹𝐴) − 0))
7746ffvelcdmda 7080 . . . . . . 7 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹𝐴) ∈ ℂ)
7877subid1d 11558 . . . . . 6 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐹𝐴) − 0) = (𝐹𝐴))
7976, 78eqtrd 2804 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑅𝐴) = (𝐹𝐴))
80 fvex 6895 . . . . . . 7 (𝑅‘0) ∈ V
8180fvconst2 7203 . . . . . 6 (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ((ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})‘𝐴) = (𝑅‘0))
8281adantl 486 . . . . 5 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ((ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)})‘𝐴) = (𝑅‘0))
8344, 79, 823eqtr3d 2812 . . . 4 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹𝐴) = (𝑅‘0))
8483sneqd 4604 . . 3 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → {(𝐹𝐴)} = {(𝑅‘0)})
8584xpeq2d 5692 . 2 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → (ℂ × {(𝐹𝐴)}) = (ℂ × {(𝑅‘0)}))
8643, 85eqtr4d 2807 1 ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → 𝑅 = (ℂ × {(𝐹𝐴)}))
Colors of variables: wff setvar class
Syntax hints:  wi 4  wb 209  wa 400  wo 860  w3a 1101   = wceq 1567  wcel 2149  wne 2964  Vcvv 3461  cun 3909  wss 3911  {csn 4592   class class class wbr 5111   × cxp 5660  ccnv 5661  cima 5665   Fn wfn 6532  wf 6533  cfv 6537  (class class class)co 7411  f cof 7673  cc 11098  0cc0 11100  1c1 11101   · cmul 11105   < clt 11243  cmin 11441  0cn0 12504  0𝑝c0p 25797  Polycply 26310  Xpcidp 26311  degcdgr 26313   quot cquot 26420
This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1822  ax-4 1836  ax-5 1937  ax-6 1994  ax-7 2035  ax-8 2151  ax-9 2159  ax-10 2182  ax-11 2198  ax-12 2219  ax-ext 2741  ax-rep 5240  ax-sep 5259  ax-nul 5271  ax-pow 5337  ax-pr 5405  ax-un 7733  ax-inf2 9610  ax-cnex 11156  ax-resscn 11157  ax-1cn 11158  ax-icn 11159  ax-addcl 11160  ax-addrcl 11161  ax-mulcl 11162  ax-mulrcl 11163  ax-mulcom 11164  ax-addass 11165  ax-mulass 11166  ax-distr 11167  ax-i2m1 11168  ax-1ne0 11169  ax-1rid 11170  ax-rnegex 11171  ax-rrecex 11172  ax-cnre 11173  ax-pre-lttri 11174  ax-pre-lttrn 11175  ax-pre-ltadd 11176  ax-pre-mulgt0 11177  ax-pre-sup 11178
This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 210  df-an 401  df-or 861  df-3or 1102  df-3an 1103  df-tru 1570  df-fal 1580  df-ex 1807  df-nf 1811  df-sb 2098  df-mo 2573  df-eu 2603  df-clab 2748  df-cleq 2761  df-clel 2844  df-nfc 2918  df-ne 2965  df-nel 3071  df-ral 3086  df-rex 3096  df-rmo 3375  df-reu 3376  df-rab 3423  df-v 3463  df-sbc 3752  df-csb 3860  df-dif 3914  df-un 3916  df-in 3918  df-ss 3928  df-pss 3931  df-nul 4293  df-if 4491  df-pw 4567  df-sn 4593  df-pr 4595  df-op 4599  df-uni 4875  df-int 4915  df-iun 4960  df-br 5112  df-opab 5176  df-mpt 5195  df-tr 5221  df-id 5557  df-eprel 5562  df-po 5570  df-so 5571  df-fr 5615  df-se 5616  df-we 5617  df-xp 5668  df-rel 5669  df-cnv 5670  df-co 5671  df-dm 5672  df-rn 5673  df-res 5674  df-ima 5675  df-pred 6303  df-ord 6364  df-on 6365  df-lim 6366  df-suc 6367  df-iota 6493  df-fun 6539  df-fn 6540  df-f 6541  df-f1 6542  df-fo 6543  df-f1o 6544  df-fv 6545  df-isom 6546  df-riota 7368  df-ov 7414  df-oprab 7415  df-mpo 7416  df-of 7675  df-om 7863  df-1st 7986  df-2nd 7987  df-frecs 8278  df-wrecs 8309  df-recs 8358  df-rdg 8397  df-1o 8453  df-er 8694  df-map 8826  df-pm 8827  df-en 8944  df-dom 8945  df-sdom 8946  df-fin 8947  df-sup 9402  df-inf 9403  df-oi 9472  df-card 9925  df-pnf 11245  df-mnf 11246  df-xr 11247  df-ltxr 11248  df-le 11249  df-sub 11443  df-neg 11444  df-div 11872  df-nn 12234  df-2 12303  df-3 12304  df-n0 12505  df-z 12592  df-uz 12863  df-rp 13017  df-fz 13536  df-fzo 13683  df-fl 13825  df-seq 14038  df-exp 14098  df-hash 14367  df-cj 15150  df-re 15151  df-im 15152  df-sqrt 15286  df-abs 15287  df-clim 15539  df-rlim 15540  df-sum 15738  df-0p 25798  df-ply 26314  df-idp 26315  df-coe 26316  df-dgr 26317  df-quot 26421
This theorem is referenced by:  facth  26436
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