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Theorem List for Intuitionistic Logic Explorer - 8801-8900   *Has distinct variable group(s)
TypeLabelDescription
Statement
 
Theoremrecgt1i 8801 The reciprocal of a number greater than 1 is positive and less than 1. (Contributed by NM, 23-Feb-2005.)
((𝐴 ∈ ℝ ∧ 1 < 𝐴) → (0 < (1 / 𝐴) ∧ (1 / 𝐴) < 1))
 
Theoremrecp1lt1 8802 Construct a number less than 1 from any nonnegative number. (Contributed by NM, 30-Dec-2005.)
((𝐴 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ 𝐴) → (𝐴 / (1 + 𝐴)) < 1)
 
Theoremrecreclt 8803 Given a positive number 𝐴, construct a new positive number less than both 𝐴 and 1. (Contributed by NM, 28-Dec-2005.)
((𝐴 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 < 𝐴) → ((1 / (1 + (1 / 𝐴))) < 1 ∧ (1 / (1 + (1 / 𝐴))) < 𝐴))
 
Theoremle2msq 8804 The square function on nonnegative reals is monotonic. (Contributed by NM, 3-Aug-1999.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
(((𝐴 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ 𝐴) ∧ (𝐵 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ 𝐵)) → (𝐴𝐵 ↔ (𝐴 · 𝐴) ≤ (𝐵 · 𝐵)))
 
Theoremmsq11 8805 The square of a nonnegative number is a one-to-one function. (Contributed by NM, 29-Jul-1999.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
(((𝐴 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ 𝐴) ∧ (𝐵 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ 𝐵)) → ((𝐴 · 𝐴) = (𝐵 · 𝐵) ↔ 𝐴 = 𝐵))
 
Theoremledivp1 8806 Less-than-or-equal-to and division relation. (Lemma for computing upper bounds of products. The "+ 1" prevents division by zero.) (Contributed by NM, 28-Sep-2005.)
(((𝐴 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ 𝐴) ∧ (𝐵 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ 𝐵)) → ((𝐴 / (𝐵 + 1)) · 𝐵) ≤ 𝐴)
 
Theoremsqueeze0 8807* If a nonnegative number is less than any positive number, it is zero. (Contributed by NM, 11-Feb-2006.)
((𝐴 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ (0 < 𝑥𝐴 < 𝑥)) → 𝐴 = 0)
 
Theoremltp1i 8808 A number is less than itself plus 1. (Contributed by NM, 20-Aug-2001.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ       𝐴 < (𝐴 + 1)
 
Theoremrecgt0i 8809 The reciprocal of a positive number is positive. Exercise 4 of [Apostol] p. 21. (Contributed by NM, 15-May-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ       (0 < 𝐴 → 0 < (1 / 𝐴))
 
Theoremrecgt0ii 8810 The reciprocal of a positive number is positive. Exercise 4 of [Apostol] p. 21. (Contributed by NM, 15-May-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   0 < 𝐴       0 < (1 / 𝐴)
 
Theoremprodgt0i 8811 Infer that a multiplicand is positive from a nonnegative multiplier and positive product. (Contributed by NM, 15-May-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ       ((0 ≤ 𝐴 ∧ 0 < (𝐴 · 𝐵)) → 0 < 𝐵)
 
Theoremprodge0i 8812 Infer that a multiplicand is nonnegative from a positive multiplier and nonnegative product. (Contributed by NM, 2-Jul-2005.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ       ((0 < 𝐴 ∧ 0 ≤ (𝐴 · 𝐵)) → 0 ≤ 𝐵)
 
Theoremdivgt0i 8813 The ratio of two positive numbers is positive. (Contributed by NM, 16-May-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ       ((0 < 𝐴 ∧ 0 < 𝐵) → 0 < (𝐴 / 𝐵))
 
Theoremdivge0i 8814 The ratio of nonnegative and positive numbers is nonnegative. (Contributed by NM, 12-Aug-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ       ((0 ≤ 𝐴 ∧ 0 < 𝐵) → 0 ≤ (𝐴 / 𝐵))
 
Theoremltreci 8815 The reciprocal of both sides of 'less than'. (Contributed by NM, 15-Sep-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ       ((0 < 𝐴 ∧ 0 < 𝐵) → (𝐴 < 𝐵 ↔ (1 / 𝐵) < (1 / 𝐴)))
 
Theoremlereci 8816 The reciprocal of both sides of 'less than or equal to'. (Contributed by NM, 16-Sep-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ       ((0 < 𝐴 ∧ 0 < 𝐵) → (𝐴𝐵 ↔ (1 / 𝐵) ≤ (1 / 𝐴)))
 
Theoremlt2msqi 8817 The square function on nonnegative reals is strictly monotonic. (Contributed by NM, 3-Aug-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ       ((0 ≤ 𝐴 ∧ 0 ≤ 𝐵) → (𝐴 < 𝐵 ↔ (𝐴 · 𝐴) < (𝐵 · 𝐵)))
 
Theoremle2msqi 8818 The square function on nonnegative reals is monotonic. (Contributed by NM, 2-Aug-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ       ((0 ≤ 𝐴 ∧ 0 ≤ 𝐵) → (𝐴𝐵 ↔ (𝐴 · 𝐴) ≤ (𝐵 · 𝐵)))
 
Theoremmsq11i 8819 The square of a nonnegative number is a one-to-one function. (Contributed by NM, 29-Jul-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ       ((0 ≤ 𝐴 ∧ 0 ≤ 𝐵) → ((𝐴 · 𝐴) = (𝐵 · 𝐵) ↔ 𝐴 = 𝐵))
 
Theoremdivgt0i2i 8820 The ratio of two positive numbers is positive. (Contributed by NM, 16-May-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ    &   0 < 𝐵       (0 < 𝐴 → 0 < (𝐴 / 𝐵))
 
Theoremltrecii 8821 The reciprocal of both sides of 'less than'. (Contributed by NM, 15-Sep-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ    &   0 < 𝐴    &   0 < 𝐵       (𝐴 < 𝐵 ↔ (1 / 𝐵) < (1 / 𝐴))
 
Theoremdivgt0ii 8822 The ratio of two positive numbers is positive. (Contributed by NM, 18-May-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ    &   0 < 𝐴    &   0 < 𝐵       0 < (𝐴 / 𝐵)
 
Theoremltmul1i 8823 Multiplication of both sides of 'less than' by a positive number. Theorem I.19 of [Apostol] p. 20. (Contributed by NM, 16-May-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐶 ∈ ℝ       (0 < 𝐶 → (𝐴 < 𝐵 ↔ (𝐴 · 𝐶) < (𝐵 · 𝐶)))
 
Theoremltdiv1i 8824 Division of both sides of 'less than' by a positive number. (Contributed by NM, 16-May-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐶 ∈ ℝ       (0 < 𝐶 → (𝐴 < 𝐵 ↔ (𝐴 / 𝐶) < (𝐵 / 𝐶)))
 
Theoremltmuldivi 8825 'Less than' relationship between division and multiplication. (Contributed by NM, 12-Oct-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐶 ∈ ℝ       (0 < 𝐶 → ((𝐴 · 𝐶) < 𝐵𝐴 < (𝐵 / 𝐶)))
 
Theoremltmul2i 8826 Multiplication of both sides of 'less than' by a positive number. Theorem I.19 of [Apostol] p. 20. (Contributed by NM, 16-May-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐶 ∈ ℝ       (0 < 𝐶 → (𝐴 < 𝐵 ↔ (𝐶 · 𝐴) < (𝐶 · 𝐵)))
 
Theoremlemul1i 8827 Multiplication of both sides of 'less than or equal to' by a positive number. (Contributed by NM, 2-Aug-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐶 ∈ ℝ       (0 < 𝐶 → (𝐴𝐵 ↔ (𝐴 · 𝐶) ≤ (𝐵 · 𝐶)))
 
Theoremlemul2i 8828 Multiplication of both sides of 'less than or equal to' by a positive number. (Contributed by NM, 1-Aug-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐶 ∈ ℝ       (0 < 𝐶 → (𝐴𝐵 ↔ (𝐶 · 𝐴) ≤ (𝐶 · 𝐵)))
 
Theoremltdiv23i 8829 Swap denominator with other side of 'less than'. (Contributed by NM, 26-Sep-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐶 ∈ ℝ       ((0 < 𝐵 ∧ 0 < 𝐶) → ((𝐴 / 𝐵) < 𝐶 ↔ (𝐴 / 𝐶) < 𝐵))
 
Theoremltdiv23ii 8830 Swap denominator with other side of 'less than'. (Contributed by NM, 26-Sep-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐶 ∈ ℝ    &   0 < 𝐵    &   0 < 𝐶       ((𝐴 / 𝐵) < 𝐶 ↔ (𝐴 / 𝐶) < 𝐵)
 
Theoremltmul1ii 8831 Multiplication of both sides of 'less than' by a positive number. Theorem I.19 of [Apostol] p. 20. (Contributed by NM, 16-May-1999.) (Proof shortened by Paul Chapman, 25-Jan-2008.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐶 ∈ ℝ    &   0 < 𝐶       (𝐴 < 𝐵 ↔ (𝐴 · 𝐶) < (𝐵 · 𝐶))
 
Theoremltdiv1ii 8832 Division of both sides of 'less than' by a positive number. (Contributed by NM, 16-May-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℝ    &   𝐶 ∈ ℝ    &   0 < 𝐶       (𝐴 < 𝐵 ↔ (𝐴 / 𝐶) < (𝐵 / 𝐶))
 
Theoremltp1d 8833 A number is less than itself plus 1. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)       (𝜑𝐴 < (𝐴 + 1))
 
Theoremlep1d 8834 A number is less than or equal to itself plus 1. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)       (𝜑𝐴 ≤ (𝐴 + 1))
 
Theoremltm1d 8835 A number minus 1 is less than itself. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)       (𝜑 → (𝐴 − 1) < 𝐴)
 
Theoremlem1d 8836 A number minus 1 is less than or equal to itself. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)       (𝜑 → (𝐴 − 1) ≤ 𝐴)
 
Theoremrecgt0d 8837 The reciprocal of a positive number is positive. Exercise 4 of [Apostol] p. 21. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → 0 < 𝐴)       (𝜑 → 0 < (1 / 𝐴))
 
Theoremdivgt0d 8838 The ratio of two positive numbers is positive. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → 0 < 𝐴)    &   (𝜑 → 0 < 𝐵)       (𝜑 → 0 < (𝐴 / 𝐵))
 
Theoremmulgt1d 8839 The product of two numbers greater than 1 is greater than 1. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → 1 < 𝐴)    &   (𝜑 → 1 < 𝐵)       (𝜑 → 1 < (𝐴 · 𝐵))
 
Theoremlemulge11d 8840 Multiplication by a number greater than or equal to 1. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐴)    &   (𝜑 → 1 ≤ 𝐵)       (𝜑𝐴 ≤ (𝐴 · 𝐵))
 
Theoremlemulge12d 8841 Multiplication by a number greater than or equal to 1. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐴)    &   (𝜑 → 1 ≤ 𝐵)       (𝜑𝐴 ≤ (𝐵 · 𝐴))
 
Theoremlemul1ad 8842 Multiplication of both sides of 'less than or equal to' by a nonnegative number. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐶)    &   (𝜑𝐴𝐵)       (𝜑 → (𝐴 · 𝐶) ≤ (𝐵 · 𝐶))
 
Theoremlemul2ad 8843 Multiplication of both sides of 'less than or equal to' by a nonnegative number. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐶)    &   (𝜑𝐴𝐵)       (𝜑 → (𝐶 · 𝐴) ≤ (𝐶 · 𝐵))
 
Theoremltmul12ad 8844 Comparison of product of two positive numbers. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐶)    &   (𝜑𝐶 < 𝐷)       (𝜑 → (𝐴 · 𝐶) < (𝐵 · 𝐷))
 
Theoremlemul12ad 8845 Comparison of product of two nonnegative numbers. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐴)    &   (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐶)    &   (𝜑𝐴𝐵)    &   (𝜑𝐶𝐷)       (𝜑 → (𝐴 · 𝐶) ≤ (𝐵 · 𝐷))
 
Theoremlemul12bd 8846 Comparison of product of two nonnegative numbers. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐴)    &   (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐷)    &   (𝜑𝐴𝐵)    &   (𝜑𝐶𝐷)       (𝜑 → (𝐴 · 𝐶) ≤ (𝐵 · 𝐷))
 
Theoremmulle0r 8847 Multiplying a nonnegative number by a nonpositive number yields a nonpositive number. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 28-Oct-2021.)
(((𝐴 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℝ) ∧ (𝐴 ≤ 0 ∧ 0 ≤ 𝐵)) → (𝐴 · 𝐵) ≤ 0)
 
4.3.10  Suprema
 
Theoremlbreu 8848* If a set of reals contains a lower bound, it contains a unique lower bound. (Contributed by NM, 9-Oct-2005.)
((𝑆 ⊆ ℝ ∧ ∃𝑥𝑆𝑦𝑆 𝑥𝑦) → ∃!𝑥𝑆𝑦𝑆 𝑥𝑦)
 
Theoremlbcl 8849* If a set of reals contains a lower bound, it contains a unique lower bound that belongs to the set. (Contributed by NM, 9-Oct-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Dec-2016.)
((𝑆 ⊆ ℝ ∧ ∃𝑥𝑆𝑦𝑆 𝑥𝑦) → (𝑥𝑆𝑦𝑆 𝑥𝑦) ∈ 𝑆)
 
Theoremlble 8850* If a set of reals contains a lower bound, the lower bound is less than or equal to all members of the set. (Contributed by NM, 9-Oct-2005.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 24-Dec-2016.)
((𝑆 ⊆ ℝ ∧ ∃𝑥𝑆𝑦𝑆 𝑥𝑦𝐴𝑆) → (𝑥𝑆𝑦𝑆 𝑥𝑦) ≤ 𝐴)
 
Theoremlbinf 8851* If a set of reals contains a lower bound, the lower bound is its infimum. (Contributed by NM, 9-Oct-2005.) (Revised by AV, 4-Sep-2020.)
((𝑆 ⊆ ℝ ∧ ∃𝑥𝑆𝑦𝑆 𝑥𝑦) → inf(𝑆, ℝ, < ) = (𝑥𝑆𝑦𝑆 𝑥𝑦))
 
Theoremlbinfcl 8852* If a set of reals contains a lower bound, it contains its infimum. (Contributed by NM, 11-Oct-2005.) (Revised by AV, 4-Sep-2020.)
((𝑆 ⊆ ℝ ∧ ∃𝑥𝑆𝑦𝑆 𝑥𝑦) → inf(𝑆, ℝ, < ) ∈ 𝑆)
 
Theoremlbinfle 8853* If a set of reals contains a lower bound, its infimum is less than or equal to all members of the set. (Contributed by NM, 11-Oct-2005.) (Revised by AV, 4-Sep-2020.)
((𝑆 ⊆ ℝ ∧ ∃𝑥𝑆𝑦𝑆 𝑥𝑦𝐴𝑆) → inf(𝑆, ℝ, < ) ≤ 𝐴)
 
Theoremsuprubex 8854* A member of a nonempty bounded set of reals is less than or equal to the set's upper bound. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 18-Jan-2022.)
(𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ (∀𝑦𝐴 ¬ 𝑥 < 𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℝ (𝑦 < 𝑥 → ∃𝑧𝐴 𝑦 < 𝑧)))    &   (𝜑𝐴 ⊆ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵𝐴)       (𝜑𝐵 ≤ sup(𝐴, ℝ, < ))
 
Theoremsuprlubex 8855* The supremum of a nonempty bounded set of reals is the least upper bound. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 19-Jan-2022.)
(𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ (∀𝑦𝐴 ¬ 𝑥 < 𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℝ (𝑦 < 𝑥 → ∃𝑧𝐴 𝑦 < 𝑧)))    &   (𝜑𝐴 ⊆ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)       (𝜑 → (𝐵 < sup(𝐴, ℝ, < ) ↔ ∃𝑧𝐴 𝐵 < 𝑧))
 
Theoremsuprnubex 8856* An upper bound is not less than the supremum of a nonempty bounded set of reals. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 19-Jan-2022.)
(𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ (∀𝑦𝐴 ¬ 𝑥 < 𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℝ (𝑦 < 𝑥 → ∃𝑧𝐴 𝑦 < 𝑧)))    &   (𝜑𝐴 ⊆ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)       (𝜑 → (¬ 𝐵 < sup(𝐴, ℝ, < ) ↔ ∀𝑧𝐴 ¬ 𝐵 < 𝑧))
 
Theoremsuprleubex 8857* The supremum of a nonempty bounded set of reals is less than or equal to an upper bound. (Contributed by NM, 18-Mar-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 6-Sep-2014.)
(𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ (∀𝑦𝐴 ¬ 𝑥 < 𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℝ (𝑦 < 𝑥 → ∃𝑧𝐴 𝑦 < 𝑧)))    &   (𝜑𝐴 ⊆ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℝ)       (𝜑 → (sup(𝐴, ℝ, < ) ≤ 𝐵 ↔ ∀𝑧𝐴 𝑧𝐵))
 
Theoremnegiso 8858 Negation is an order anti-isomorphism of the real numbers, which is its own inverse. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Dec-2016.)
𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ -𝑥)       (𝐹 Isom < , < (ℝ, ℝ) ∧ 𝐹 = 𝐹)
 
Theoremdfinfre 8859* The infimum of a set of reals 𝐴. (Contributed by NM, 9-Oct-2005.) (Revised by AV, 4-Sep-2020.)
(𝐴 ⊆ ℝ → inf(𝐴, ℝ, < ) = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∣ (∀𝑦𝐴 𝑥𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℝ (𝑥 < 𝑦 → ∃𝑧𝐴 𝑧 < 𝑦))})
 
Theoremsup3exmid 8860* If any inhabited set of real numbers bounded from above has a supremum, excluded middle follows. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 2-Apr-2023.)
((𝑢 ⊆ ℝ ∧ ∃𝑤 𝑤𝑢 ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑦𝑢 𝑦𝑥) → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ (∀𝑦𝑢 ¬ 𝑥 < 𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℝ (𝑦 < 𝑥 → ∃𝑧𝑢 𝑦 < 𝑧)))       DECID 𝜑
 
4.3.11  Imaginary and complex number properties
 
Theoremcrap0 8861 The real representation of complex numbers is apart from zero iff one of its terms is apart from zero. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-Mar-2020.)
((𝐴 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℝ) → ((𝐴 # 0 ∨ 𝐵 # 0) ↔ (𝐴 + (i · 𝐵)) # 0))
 
Theoremcreur 8862* The real part of a complex number is unique. Proposition 10-1.3 of [Gleason] p. 130. (Contributed by NM, 9-May-1999.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
(𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ∃!𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∃𝑦 ∈ ℝ 𝐴 = (𝑥 + (i · 𝑦)))
 
Theoremcreui 8863* The imaginary part of a complex number is unique. Proposition 10-1.3 of [Gleason] p. 130. (Contributed by NM, 9-May-1999.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
(𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ∃!𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ 𝐴 = (𝑥 + (i · 𝑦)))
 
Theoremcju 8864* The complex conjugate of a complex number is unique. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Nov-2013.)
(𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ∃!𝑥 ∈ ℂ ((𝐴 + 𝑥) ∈ ℝ ∧ (i · (𝐴𝑥)) ∈ ℝ))
 
4.4  Integer sets
 
4.4.1  Positive integers (as a subset of complex numbers)
 
Syntaxcn 8865 Extend class notation to include the class of positive integers.
class
 
Definitiondf-inn 8866* Definition of the set of positive integers. For naming consistency with the Metamath Proof Explorer usages should refer to dfnn2 8867 instead. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 12-Sep-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-May-2014.) (New usage is discouraged.)
ℕ = {𝑥 ∣ (1 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦𝑥 (𝑦 + 1) ∈ 𝑥)}
 
Theoremdfnn2 8867* Definition of the set of positive integers. Another name for df-inn 8866. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 12-Sep-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-May-2014.)
ℕ = {𝑥 ∣ (1 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦𝑥 (𝑦 + 1) ∈ 𝑥)}
 
Theorempeano5nni 8868* Peano's inductive postulate. Theorem I.36 (principle of mathematical induction) of [Apostol] p. 34. (Contributed by NM, 10-Jan-1997.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 17-Nov-2014.)
((1 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥𝐴 (𝑥 + 1) ∈ 𝐴) → ℕ ⊆ 𝐴)
 
Theoremnnssre 8869 The positive integers are a subset of the reals. (Contributed by NM, 10-Jan-1997.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 16-Jun-2013.)
ℕ ⊆ ℝ
 
Theoremnnsscn 8870 The positive integers are a subset of the complex numbers. (Contributed by NM, 2-Aug-2004.)
ℕ ⊆ ℂ
 
Theoremnnex 8871 The set of positive integers exists. (Contributed by NM, 3-Oct-1999.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 17-Nov-2014.)
ℕ ∈ V
 
Theoremnnre 8872 A positive integer is a real number. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1999.)
(𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)
 
Theoremnncn 8873 A positive integer is a complex number. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1999.)
(𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)
 
Theoremnnrei 8874 A positive integer is a real number. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℕ       𝐴 ∈ ℝ
 
Theoremnncni 8875 A positive integer is a complex number. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℕ       𝐴 ∈ ℂ
 
Theorem1nn 8876 Peano postulate: 1 is a positive integer. (Contributed by NM, 11-Jan-1997.)
1 ∈ ℕ
 
Theorempeano2nn 8877 Peano postulate: a successor of a positive integer is a positive integer. (Contributed by NM, 11-Jan-1997.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 17-Nov-2014.)
(𝐴 ∈ ℕ → (𝐴 + 1) ∈ ℕ)
 
Theoremnnred 8878 A positive integer is a real number. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℕ)       (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)
 
Theoremnncnd 8879 A positive integer is a complex number. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℕ)       (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℂ)
 
Theorempeano2nnd 8880 Peano postulate: a successor of a positive integer is a positive integer. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℕ)       (𝜑 → (𝐴 + 1) ∈ ℕ)
 
4.4.2  Principle of mathematical induction
 
Theoremnnind 8881* Principle of Mathematical Induction (inference schema). The first four hypotheses give us the substitution instances we need; the last two are the basis and the induction step. See nnaddcl 8885 for an example of its use. This is an alternative for Metamath 100 proof #74. (Contributed by NM, 10-Jan-1997.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 16-Jun-2013.)
(𝑥 = 1 → (𝜑𝜓))    &   (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑𝜒))    &   (𝑥 = (𝑦 + 1) → (𝜑𝜃))    &   (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑𝜏))    &   𝜓    &   (𝑦 ∈ ℕ → (𝜒𝜃))       (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 𝜏)
 
TheoremnnindALT 8882* Principle of Mathematical Induction (inference schema). The last four hypotheses give us the substitution instances we need; the first two are the induction step and the basis.

This ALT version of nnind 8881 has a different hypothesis order. It may be easier to use with the metamath program's Proof Assistant, because "MM-PA> assign last" will be applied to the substitution instances first. We may eventually use this one as the official version. You may use either version. After the proof is complete, the ALT version can be changed to the non-ALT version with "MM-PA> minimize nnind /allow". (Contributed by NM, 7-Dec-2005.) (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

(𝑦 ∈ ℕ → (𝜒𝜃))    &   𝜓    &   (𝑥 = 1 → (𝜑𝜓))    &   (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑𝜒))    &   (𝑥 = (𝑦 + 1) → (𝜑𝜃))    &   (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑𝜏))       (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 𝜏)
 
Theoremnn1m1nn 8883 Every positive integer is one or a successor. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 16-May-2014.)
(𝐴 ∈ ℕ → (𝐴 = 1 ∨ (𝐴 − 1) ∈ ℕ))
 
Theoremnn1suc 8884* If a statement holds for 1 and also holds for a successor, it holds for all positive integers. The first three hypotheses give us the substitution instances we need; the last two show that it holds for 1 and for a successor. (Contributed by NM, 11-Oct-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 16-May-2014.)
(𝑥 = 1 → (𝜑𝜓))    &   (𝑥 = (𝑦 + 1) → (𝜑𝜒))    &   (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑𝜃))    &   𝜓    &   (𝑦 ∈ ℕ → 𝜒)       (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 𝜃)
 
Theoremnnaddcl 8885 Closure of addition of positive integers, proved by induction on the second addend. (Contributed by NM, 12-Jan-1997.)
((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐴 + 𝐵) ∈ ℕ)
 
Theoremnnmulcl 8886 Closure of multiplication of positive integers. (Contributed by NM, 12-Jan-1997.)
((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐴 · 𝐵) ∈ ℕ)
 
Theoremnnmulcli 8887 Closure of multiplication of positive integers. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Feb-2014.)
𝐴 ∈ ℕ    &   𝐵 ∈ ℕ       (𝐴 · 𝐵) ∈ ℕ
 
Theoremnnge1 8888 A positive integer is one or greater. (Contributed by NM, 25-Aug-1999.)
(𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 1 ≤ 𝐴)
 
Theoremnnle1eq1 8889 A positive integer is less than or equal to one iff it is equal to one. (Contributed by NM, 3-Apr-2005.)
(𝐴 ∈ ℕ → (𝐴 ≤ 1 ↔ 𝐴 = 1))
 
Theoremnngt0 8890 A positive integer is positive. (Contributed by NM, 26-Sep-1999.)
(𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 0 < 𝐴)
 
Theoremnnnlt1 8891 A positive integer is not less than one. (Contributed by NM, 18-Jan-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
(𝐴 ∈ ℕ → ¬ 𝐴 < 1)
 
Theorem0nnn 8892 Zero is not a positive integer. (Contributed by NM, 25-Aug-1999.)
¬ 0 ∈ ℕ
 
Theoremnnne0 8893 A positive integer is nonzero. (Contributed by NM, 27-Sep-1999.)
(𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 𝐴 ≠ 0)
 
Theoremnnap0 8894 A positive integer is apart from zero. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 8-Mar-2020.)
(𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 𝐴 # 0)
 
Theoremnngt0i 8895 A positive integer is positive (inference version). (Contributed by NM, 17-Sep-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℕ       0 < 𝐴
 
Theoremnnap0i 8896 A positive integer is apart from zero (inference version). (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 1-Jan-2023.)
𝐴 ∈ ℕ       𝐴 # 0
 
Theoremnnne0i 8897 A positive integer is nonzero (inference version). (Contributed by NM, 25-Aug-1999.)
𝐴 ∈ ℕ       𝐴 ≠ 0
 
Theoremnn2ge 8898* There exists a positive integer greater than or equal to any two others. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1999.)
((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℕ (𝐴𝑥𝐵𝑥))
 
Theoremnn1gt1 8899 A positive integer is either one or greater than one. This is for ; 0elnn 4601 is a similar theorem for ω (the natural numbers as ordinals). (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 7-Mar-2020.)
(𝐴 ∈ ℕ → (𝐴 = 1 ∨ 1 < 𝐴))
 
Theoremnngt1ne1 8900 A positive integer is greater than one iff it is not equal to one. (Contributed by NM, 7-Oct-2004.)
(𝐴 ∈ ℕ → (1 < 𝐴𝐴 ≠ 1))
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