P. 70 of Theorem List - Intuitionistic Logic Explorer

Theorem List for Intuitionistic Logic Explorer - 6901-7000   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	fisbth 6901	Schroeder-Bernstein Theorem for finite sets. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 12-Sep-2021.)
⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐵 ∈ Fin) ∧ (𝐴 ≼ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≼ 𝐴)) → 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵)
Theorem	0fin 6902	The empty set is finite. (Contributed by FL, 14-Jul-2008.)
⊢ ∅ ∈ Fin
Theorem	fin0 6903*	A nonempty finite set has at least one element. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 10-Sep-2021.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ Fin → (𝐴 ≠ ∅ ↔ ∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴))
Theorem	fin0or 6904*	A finite set is either empty or inhabited. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 30-Sep-2021.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ Fin → (𝐴 = ∅ ∨ ∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴))
Theorem	diffitest 6905*	If subtracting any set from a finite set gives a finite set, any proposition of the form ¬ 𝜑 is decidable. This is not a proof of full excluded middle, but it is close enough to show we won't be able to prove 𝐴 ∈ Fin → (𝐴 ∖ 𝐵) ∈ Fin. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 8-Sep-2021.)
⊢ ∀𝑎 ∈ Fin ∀𝑏(𝑎 ∖ 𝑏) ∈ Fin    ⇒   ⊢ (¬ 𝜑 ∨ ¬ ¬ 𝜑)
Theorem	findcard 6906*	Schema for induction on the cardinality of a finite set. The inductive hypothesis is that the result is true on the given set with any one element removed. The result is then proven to be true for all finite sets. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ (𝑥 = ∅ → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑦 ∖ {𝑧}) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ 𝜓    &   ⊢ (𝑦 ∈ Fin → (∀𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 𝜒 → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ Fin → 𝜏)
Theorem	findcard2 6907*	Schema for induction on the cardinality of a finite set. The inductive step shows that the result is true if one more element is added to the set. The result is then proven to be true for all finite sets. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 8-Jul-2010.)
⊢ (𝑥 = ∅ → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑦 ∪ {𝑧}) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ 𝜓    &   ⊢ (𝑦 ∈ Fin → (𝜒 → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ Fin → 𝜏)
Theorem	findcard2s 6908*	Variation of findcard2 6907 requiring that the element added in the induction step not be a member of the original set. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 30-Nov-2012.)
⊢ (𝑥 = ∅ → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑦 ∪ {𝑧}) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ 𝜓    &   ⊢ ((𝑦 ∈ Fin ∧ ¬ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑦) → (𝜒 → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ Fin → 𝜏)
Theorem	findcard2d 6909*	Deduction version of findcard2 6907. If you also need 𝑦 ∈ Fin (which doesn't come for free due to ssfiexmid 6894), use findcard2sd 6910 instead. (Contributed by SO, 16-Jul-2018.)
⊢ (𝑥 = ∅ → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑦 ∪ {𝑧}) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜂))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝜒)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑦 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ 𝑦))) → (𝜃 → 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ Fin)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝜂)
Theorem	findcard2sd 6910*	Deduction form of finite set induction . (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 14-Sep-2021.)
⊢ (𝑥 = ∅ → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑦 ∪ {𝑧}) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜂))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝜒)    &   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ Fin) ∧ (𝑦 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ 𝑦))) → (𝜃 → 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ Fin)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝜂)
Theorem	diffisn 6911	Subtracting a singleton from a finite set produces a finite set. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 11-Sep-2021.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}) ∈ Fin)
Theorem	diffifi 6912	Subtracting one finite set from another produces a finite set. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 8-Sep-2021.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐵 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴) → (𝐴 ∖ 𝐵) ∈ Fin)
Theorem	infnfi 6913	An infinite set is not finite. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 20-Feb-2022.)
⊢ (ω ≼ 𝐴 → ¬ 𝐴 ∈ Fin)
Theorem	ominf 6914	The set of natural numbers is not finite. Although we supply this theorem because we can, the more natural way to express "ω is infinite" is ω ≼ ω which is an instance of domrefg 6785. (Contributed by NM, 2-Jun-1998.)
⊢ ¬ ω ∈ Fin
Theorem	isinfinf 6915*	An infinite set contains subsets of arbitrarily large finite cardinality. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 15-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (ω ≼ 𝐴 → ∀𝑛 ∈ ω ∃𝑥(𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑥 ≈ 𝑛))
Theorem	ac6sfi 6916*	Existence of a choice function for finite sets. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 26-Jun-2009.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 29-Jan-2014.)
⊢ (𝑦 = (𝑓‘𝑥) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑) → ∃𝑓(𝑓:𝐴⟶𝐵 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓))
Theorem	tridc 6917*	A trichotomous order is decidable. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-Sep-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Po 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥𝑅𝑦 ∨ 𝑥 = 𝑦 ∨ 𝑦𝑅𝑥))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → DECID 𝐵𝑅𝐶)
Theorem	fimax2gtrilemstep 6918*	Lemma for fimax2gtri 6919. The induction step. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-Sep-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Po 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥𝑅𝑦 ∨ 𝑥 = 𝑦 ∨ 𝑦𝑅𝑥))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ⊆ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝑉 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑈 ¬ 𝑍𝑅𝑦)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ (𝑈 ∪ {𝑉}) ¬ 𝑥𝑅𝑦)
Theorem	fimax2gtri 6919*	A finite set has a maximum under a trichotomous order. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-Sep-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Po 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥𝑅𝑦 ∨ 𝑥 = 𝑦 ∨ 𝑦𝑅𝑥))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≠ ∅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ¬ 𝑥𝑅𝑦)
Theorem	finexdc 6920*	Decidability of existence, over a finite set and defined by a decidable proposition. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 12-Jul-2022.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 DECID 𝜑) → DECID ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑)
Theorem	dfrex2fin 6921*	Relationship between universal and existential quantifiers over a finite set. Remark in Section 2.2.1 of [Pierik], p. 8. Although Pierik does not mention the decidability condition explicitly, it does say "only finitely many x to check" which means there must be some way of checking each value of x. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 11-Jul-2022.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 DECID 𝜑) → (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ↔ ¬ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ¬ 𝜑))
Theorem	infm 6922*	An infinite set is inhabited. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 18-Feb-2022.)
⊢ (ω ≼ 𝐴 → ∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	infn0 6923	An infinite set is not empty. (Contributed by NM, 23-Oct-2004.)
⊢ (ω ≼ 𝐴 → 𝐴 ≠ ∅)
Theorem	inffiexmid 6924*	If any given set is either finite or infinite, excluded middle follows. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 15-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (𝑥 ∈ Fin ∨ ω ≼ 𝑥)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 ∨ ¬ 𝜑)
Theorem	en2eqpr 6925	Building a set with two elements. (Contributed by FL, 11-Aug-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 10-Sep-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐶 ≈ 2o ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐶) → (𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 → 𝐶 = {𝐴, 𝐵}))
Theorem	exmidpw 6926	Excluded middle is equivalent to the power set of 1o having two elements. Remark of [PradicBrown2022], p. 2. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 30-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (EXMID ↔ 𝒫 1o ≈ 2o)
Theorem	exmidpweq 6927	Excluded middle is equivalent to the power set of 1o being 2o. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 28-Jul-2024.)
⊢ (EXMID ↔ 𝒫 1o = 2o)
Theorem	pw1fin 6928	Excluded middle is equivalent to the power set of 1o being finite. (Contributed by SN and Jim Kingdon, 7-Aug-2024.)
⊢ (EXMID ↔ 𝒫 1o ∈ Fin)
Theorem	pw1dc0el 6929	Another equivalent of excluded middle, which is a mere reformulation of the definition. (Contributed by BJ, 9-Aug-2024.)
⊢ (EXMID ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝒫 1oDECID ∅ ∈ 𝑥)
Theorem	ss1o0el1o 6930	Reformulation of ss1o0el1 4212 using 1o instead of {∅}. (Contributed by BJ, 9-Aug-2024.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ 1o → (∅ ∈ 𝐴 ↔ 𝐴 = 1o))
Theorem	pw1dc1 6931	If, in the set of truth values (the powerset of 1o), equality to 1o is decidable, then excluded middle holds (and conversely). (Contributed by BJ and Jim Kingdon, 8-Aug-2024.)
⊢ (EXMID ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝒫 1oDECID 𝑥 = 1o)
Theorem	fientri3 6932	Trichotomy of dominance for finite sets. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 15-Sep-2021.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐵 ∈ Fin) → (𝐴 ≼ 𝐵 ∨ 𝐵 ≼ 𝐴))
Theorem	nnwetri 6933*	A natural number is well-ordered by E. More specifically, this order both satisfies We and is trichotomous. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 25-Sep-2021.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ω → ( E We 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥 E 𝑦 ∨ 𝑥 = 𝑦 ∨ 𝑦 E 𝑥)))
Theorem	onunsnss 6934	Adding a singleton to create an ordinal. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 20-Oct-2021.)
⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝐴 ∪ {𝐵}) ∈ On) → 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴)
Theorem	unfiexmid 6935*	If the union of any two finite sets is finite, excluded middle follows. Remark 8.1.17 of [AczelRathjen], p. 74. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro and Jim Kingdon, 5-Mar-2022.)
⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑦 ∈ Fin) → (𝑥 ∪ 𝑦) ∈ Fin)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 ∨ ¬ 𝜑)
Theorem	unsnfi 6936	Adding a singleton to a finite set yields a finite set. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 3-Feb-2022.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ ¬ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝐴 ∪ {𝐵}) ∈ Fin)
Theorem	unsnfidcex 6937	The 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 condition in unsnfi 6936. This is intended to show that unsnfi 6936 without that condition would not be provable but it probably would need to be strengthened (for example, to imply included middle) to fully show that. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 6-Feb-2022.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ ¬ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ (𝐴 ∪ {𝐵}) ∈ Fin) → DECID ¬ 𝐵 ∈ V)
Theorem	unsnfidcel 6938	The ¬ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 condition in unsnfi 6936. This is intended to show that unsnfi 6936 without that condition would not be provable but it probably would need to be strengthened (for example, to imply included middle) to fully show that. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 6-Feb-2022.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝐴 ∪ {𝐵}) ∈ Fin) → DECID ¬ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	unfidisj 6939	The union of two disjoint finite sets is finite. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 25-Feb-2022.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐵 ∈ Fin ∧ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = ∅) → (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∈ Fin)
Theorem	undifdcss 6940*	Union of complementary parts into whole and decidability. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 17-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (𝐴 = (𝐵 ∪ (𝐴 ∖ 𝐵)) ↔ (𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 DECID 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵))
Theorem	undifdc 6941*	Union of complementary parts into whole. This is a case where we can strengthen undifss 3518 from subset to equality. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 17-Jun-2022.)
⊢ ((∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 DECID 𝑥 = 𝑦 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴) → 𝐴 = (𝐵 ∪ (𝐴 ∖ 𝐵)))
Theorem	undiffi 6942	Union of complementary parts into whole. This is a case where we can strengthen undifss 3518 from subset to equality. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 2-Mar-2022.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐵 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴) → 𝐴 = (𝐵 ∪ (𝐴 ∖ 𝐵)))
Theorem	unfiin 6943	The union of two finite sets is finite if their intersection is. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 2-Mar-2022.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐵 ∈ Fin ∧ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∈ Fin) → (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∈ Fin)
Theorem	prfidisj 6944	A pair is finite if it consists of two unequal sets. For the case where 𝐴 = 𝐵, see snfig 6832. For the cases where one or both is a proper class, see prprc1 3715, prprc2 3716, or prprc 3717. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 31-May-2022.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊 ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 𝐵) → {𝐴, 𝐵} ∈ Fin)
Theorem	tpfidisj 6945	A triple is finite if it consists of three unequal sets. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 1-Oct-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≠ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≠ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → {𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶} ∈ Fin)
Theorem	fiintim 6946*	If a class is closed under pairwise intersections, then it is closed under nonempty finite intersections. The converse would appear to require an additional condition, such as 𝑥 and 𝑦 not being equal, or 𝐴 having decidable equality. This theorem is applicable to a topology, which (among other axioms) is closed under finite intersections. Some texts use a pairwise intersection and some texts use a finite intersection, but most topology texts assume excluded middle (in which case the two intersection properties would be equivalent). (Contributed by NM, 22-Sep-2002.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 14-Jan-2023.)
⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥 ∩ 𝑦) ∈ 𝐴 → ∀𝑥((𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑥 ≠ ∅ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ Fin) → ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴))
Theorem	xpfi 6947	The Cartesian product of two finite sets is finite. Lemma 8.1.16 of [AczelRathjen], p. 74. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Mar-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐵 ∈ Fin) → (𝐴 × 𝐵) ∈ Fin)
Theorem	3xpfi 6948	The Cartesian product of three finite sets is a finite set. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 11-Mar-2018.)
⊢ (𝑉 ∈ Fin → ((𝑉 × 𝑉) × 𝑉) ∈ Fin)
Theorem	fisseneq 6949	A finite set is equal to its subset if they are equinumerous. (Contributed by FL, 11-Aug-2008.)
⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵) → 𝐴 = 𝐵)
Theorem	phpeqd 6950	Corollary of the Pigeonhole Principle using equality. Strengthening of phpm 6883 expressed without negation. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)
Theorem	ssfirab 6951*	A subset of a finite set is finite if it is defined by a decidable property. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 27-May-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 DECID 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜓} ∈ Fin)
Theorem	ssfidc 6952*	A subset of a finite set is finite if membership in the subset is decidable. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 27-May-2022.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 DECID 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵) → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)
Theorem	snon0 6953	An ordinal which is a singleton is {∅}. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 19-Oct-2021.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ {𝐴} ∈ On) → 𝐴 = ∅)
Theorem	fnfi 6954	A version of fnex 5754 for finite sets. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 16-Nov-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Jun-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ Fin) → 𝐹 ∈ Fin)
Theorem	fundmfi 6955	The domain of a finite function is finite. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-Feb-2022.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ Fun 𝐴) → dom 𝐴 ∈ Fin)
Theorem	fundmfibi 6956	A function is finite if and only if its domain is finite. (Contributed by AV, 10-Jan-2020.)
⊢ (Fun 𝐹 → (𝐹 ∈ Fin ↔ dom 𝐹 ∈ Fin))
Theorem	resfnfinfinss 6957	The restriction of a function to a finite subset of its domain is finite. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 3-Feb-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴) → (𝐹 ↾ 𝐵) ∈ Fin)
Theorem	relcnvfi 6958	If a relation is finite, its converse is as well. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-Feb-2022.)
⊢ ((Rel 𝐴 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ Fin) → ◡𝐴 ∈ Fin)
Theorem	funrnfi 6959	The range of a finite relation is finite if its converse is a function. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-Feb-2022.)
⊢ ((Rel 𝐴 ∧ Fun ◡𝐴 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ Fin) → ran 𝐴 ∈ Fin)
Theorem	f1ofi 6960	If a 1-1 and onto function has a finite domain, its range is finite. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 21-Feb-2022.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐹:𝐴–1-1-onto→𝐵) → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)
Theorem	f1dmvrnfibi 6961	A one-to-one function whose domain is a set is finite if and only if its range is finite. See also f1vrnfibi 6962. (Contributed by AV, 10-Jan-2020.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐹:𝐴–1-1→𝐵) → (𝐹 ∈ Fin ↔ ran 𝐹 ∈ Fin))
Theorem	f1vrnfibi 6962	A one-to-one function which is a set is finite if and only if its range is finite. See also f1dmvrnfibi 6961. (Contributed by AV, 10-Jan-2020.)
⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐹:𝐴–1-1→𝐵) → (𝐹 ∈ Fin ↔ ran 𝐹 ∈ Fin))
Theorem	iunfidisj 6963*	The finite union of disjoint finite sets is finite. Note that 𝐵 depends on 𝑥, i.e. can be thought of as 𝐵(𝑥). (Contributed by NM, 23-Mar-2006.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 7-Oct-2022.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 ∈ Fin ∧ Disj 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵) → ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 ∈ Fin)
Theorem	f1finf1o 6964	Any injection from one finite set to another of equal size must be a bijection. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 5-Jun-2010.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ≈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ Fin) → (𝐹:𝐴–1-1→𝐵 ↔ 𝐹:𝐴–1-1-onto→𝐵))
Theorem	en1eqsn 6965	A set with one element is a singleton. (Contributed by FL, 18-Aug-2008.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≈ 1o) → 𝐵 = {𝐴})
Theorem	en1eqsnbi 6966	A set containing an element has exactly one element iff it is a singleton. (Contributed by FL, 13-Feb-2010.) (Revised by AV, 25-Jan-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 → (𝐵 ≈ 1o ↔ 𝐵 = {𝐴}))
Theorem	snexxph 6967*	A case where the antecedent of snexg 4199 is not needed. The class {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} is from dcextest 4595. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro and Jim Kingdon, 4-Jul-2022.)
⊢ {{𝑥 ∣ 𝜑}} ∈ V
Theorem	preimaf1ofi 6968	The preimage of a finite set under a one-to-one, onto function is finite. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 24-Sep-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ⊆ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐴–1-1-onto→𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ Fin)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (◡𝐹 “ 𝐶) ∈ Fin)
Theorem	fidcenumlemim 6969*	Lemma for fidcenum 6973. Forward direction. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 19-Oct-2022.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ Fin → (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 DECID 𝑥 = 𝑦 ∧ ∃𝑛 ∈ ω ∃𝑓 𝑓:𝑛–onto→𝐴))
Theorem	fidcenumlemrks 6970*	Lemma for fidcenum 6973. Induction step for fidcenumlemrk 6971. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 20-Oct-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 DECID 𝑥 = 𝑦)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑁–onto→𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ ω)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → suc 𝐽 ⊆ 𝑁)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∈ (𝐹 “ 𝐽) ∨ ¬ 𝑋 ∈ (𝐹 “ 𝐽)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∈ (𝐹 “ suc 𝐽) ∨ ¬ 𝑋 ∈ (𝐹 “ suc 𝐽)))
Theorem	fidcenumlemrk 6971*	Lemma for fidcenum 6973. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 20-Oct-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 DECID 𝑥 = 𝑦)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑁–onto→𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 ∈ ω)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 ⊆ 𝑁)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∈ (𝐹 “ 𝐾) ∨ ¬ 𝑋 ∈ (𝐹 “ 𝐾)))
Theorem	fidcenumlemr 6972*	Lemma for fidcenum 6973. Reverse direction (put into deduction form). (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 19-Oct-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 DECID 𝑥 = 𝑦)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑁–onto→𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ω)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ Fin)
Theorem	fidcenum 6973*	A set is finite if and only if it has decidable equality and is finitely enumerable. Proposition 8.1.11 of [AczelRathjen], p. 72. The definition of "finitely enumerable" as ∃𝑛 ∈ ω∃𝑓𝑓:𝑛–onto→𝐴 is Definition 8.1.4 of [AczelRathjen], p. 71. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 19-Oct-2022.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ Fin ↔ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 DECID 𝑥 = 𝑦 ∧ ∃𝑛 ∈ ω ∃𝑓 𝑓:𝑛–onto→𝐴))
2.6.32  Schroeder-Bernstein Theorem
Theorem	sbthlem1 6974*	Lemma for isbth 6984. (Contributed by NM, 22-Mar-1998.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑥 ∣ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ (𝑔 “ (𝐵 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑥))) ⊆ (𝐴 ∖ 𝑥))}    ⇒   ⊢ ∪ 𝐷 ⊆ (𝐴 ∖ (𝑔 “ (𝐵 ∖ (𝑓 “ ∪ 𝐷))))
Theorem	sbthlem2 6975*	Lemma for isbth 6984. (Contributed by NM, 22-Mar-1998.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑥 ∣ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ (𝑔 “ (𝐵 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑥))) ⊆ (𝐴 ∖ 𝑥))}    ⇒   ⊢ (ran 𝑔 ⊆ 𝐴 → (𝐴 ∖ (𝑔 “ (𝐵 ∖ (𝑓 “ ∪ 𝐷)))) ⊆ ∪ 𝐷)
Theorem	sbthlemi3 6976*	Lemma for isbth 6984. (Contributed by NM, 22-Mar-1998.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑥 ∣ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ (𝑔 “ (𝐵 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑥))) ⊆ (𝐴 ∖ 𝑥))}    ⇒   ⊢ ((EXMID ∧ ran 𝑔 ⊆ 𝐴) → (𝑔 “ (𝐵 ∖ (𝑓 “ ∪ 𝐷))) = (𝐴 ∖ ∪ 𝐷))
Theorem	sbthlemi4 6977*	Lemma for isbth 6984. (Contributed by NM, 27-Mar-1998.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑥 ∣ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ (𝑔 “ (𝐵 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑥))) ⊆ (𝐴 ∖ 𝑥))}    ⇒   ⊢ ((EXMID ∧ (dom 𝑔 = 𝐵 ∧ ran 𝑔 ⊆ 𝐴) ∧ Fun ◡𝑔) → (◡𝑔 “ (𝐴 ∖ ∪ 𝐷)) = (𝐵 ∖ (𝑓 “ ∪ 𝐷)))
Theorem	sbthlemi5 6978*	Lemma for isbth 6984. (Contributed by NM, 22-Mar-1998.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑥 ∣ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ (𝑔 “ (𝐵 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑥))) ⊆ (𝐴 ∖ 𝑥))}    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ((𝑓 ↾ ∪ 𝐷) ∪ (◡𝑔 ↾ (𝐴 ∖ ∪ 𝐷)))    ⇒   ⊢ ((EXMID ∧ (dom 𝑓 = 𝐴 ∧ ran 𝑔 ⊆ 𝐴)) → dom 𝐻 = 𝐴)
Theorem	sbthlemi6 6979*	Lemma for isbth 6984. (Contributed by NM, 27-Mar-1998.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑥 ∣ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ (𝑔 “ (𝐵 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑥))) ⊆ (𝐴 ∖ 𝑥))}    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ((𝑓 ↾ ∪ 𝐷) ∪ (◡𝑔 ↾ (𝐴 ∖ ∪ 𝐷)))    ⇒   ⊢ (((EXMID ∧ ran 𝑓 ⊆ 𝐵) ∧ ((dom 𝑔 = 𝐵 ∧ ran 𝑔 ⊆ 𝐴) ∧ Fun ◡𝑔)) → ran 𝐻 = 𝐵)
Theorem	sbthlem7 6980*	Lemma for isbth 6984. (Contributed by NM, 27-Mar-1998.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑥 ∣ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ (𝑔 “ (𝐵 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑥))) ⊆ (𝐴 ∖ 𝑥))}    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ((𝑓 ↾ ∪ 𝐷) ∪ (◡𝑔 ↾ (𝐴 ∖ ∪ 𝐷)))    ⇒   ⊢ ((Fun 𝑓 ∧ Fun ◡𝑔) → Fun 𝐻)
Theorem	sbthlemi8 6981*	Lemma for isbth 6984. (Contributed by NM, 27-Mar-1998.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑥 ∣ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ (𝑔 “ (𝐵 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑥))) ⊆ (𝐴 ∖ 𝑥))}    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ((𝑓 ↾ ∪ 𝐷) ∪ (◡𝑔 ↾ (𝐴 ∖ ∪ 𝐷)))    ⇒   ⊢ (((EXMID ∧ Fun ◡𝑓) ∧ (((Fun 𝑔 ∧ dom 𝑔 = 𝐵) ∧ ran 𝑔 ⊆ 𝐴) ∧ Fun ◡𝑔)) → Fun ◡𝐻)
Theorem	sbthlemi9 6982*	Lemma for isbth 6984. (Contributed by NM, 28-Mar-1998.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑥 ∣ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ (𝑔 “ (𝐵 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑥))) ⊆ (𝐴 ∖ 𝑥))}    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ((𝑓 ↾ ∪ 𝐷) ∪ (◡𝑔 ↾ (𝐴 ∖ ∪ 𝐷)))    ⇒   ⊢ ((EXMID ∧ 𝑓:𝐴–1-1→𝐵 ∧ 𝑔:𝐵–1-1→𝐴) → 𝐻:𝐴–1-1-onto→𝐵)
Theorem	sbthlemi10 6983*	Lemma for isbth 6984. (Contributed by NM, 28-Mar-1998.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑥 ∣ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ (𝑔 “ (𝐵 ∖ (𝑓 “ 𝑥))) ⊆ (𝐴 ∖ 𝑥))}    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ((𝑓 ↾ ∪ 𝐷) ∪ (◡𝑔 ↾ (𝐴 ∖ ∪ 𝐷)))    &   ⊢ 𝐵 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ ((EXMID ∧ (𝐴 ≼ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≼ 𝐴)) → 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵)
Theorem	isbth 6984	Schroeder-Bernstein Theorem. Theorem 18 of [Suppes] p. 95. This theorem states that if set 𝐴 is smaller (has lower cardinality) than 𝐵 and vice-versa, then 𝐴 and 𝐵 are equinumerous (have the same cardinality). The interesting thing is that this can be proved without invoking the Axiom of Choice, as we do here, but the proof as you can see is quite difficult. (The theorem can be proved more easily if we allow AC.) The main proof consists of lemmas sbthlem1 6974 through sbthlemi10 6983; this final piece mainly changes bound variables to eliminate the hypotheses of sbthlemi10 6983. We follow closely the proof in Suppes, which you should consult to understand our proof at a higher level. Note that Suppes' proof, which is credited to J. M. Whitaker, does not require the Axiom of Infinity. The proof does require the law of the excluded middle which cannot be avoided as shown at exmidsbthr 15169. (Contributed by NM, 8-Jun-1998.)
⊢ ((EXMID ∧ (𝐴 ≼ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≼ 𝐴)) → 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵)
2.6.33  Finite intersections
Syntax	cfi 6985	Extend class notation with the function whose value is the class of finite intersections of the elements of a given set.
class fi
Definition	df-fi 6986*	Function whose value is the class of finite intersections of the elements of the argument. Note that the empty intersection being the universal class, hence a proper class, it cannot be an element of that class. Therefore, the function value is the class of nonempty finite intersections of elements of the argument (see elfi2 6989). (Contributed by FL, 27-Apr-2008.)
⊢ fi = (𝑥 ∈ V ↦ {𝑧 ∣ ∃𝑦 ∈ (𝒫 𝑥 ∩ Fin)𝑧 = ∩ 𝑦})
Theorem	fival 6987*	The set of all the finite intersections of the elements of 𝐴. (Contributed by FL, 27-Apr-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Nov-2013.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → (fi‘𝐴) = {𝑦 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ (𝒫 𝐴 ∩ Fin)𝑦 = ∩ 𝑥})
Theorem	elfi 6988*	Specific properties of an element of (fi‘𝐵). (Contributed by FL, 27-Apr-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Nov-2013.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊) → (𝐴 ∈ (fi‘𝐵) ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ (𝒫 𝐵 ∩ Fin)𝐴 = ∩ 𝑥))
Theorem	elfi2 6989*	The empty intersection need not be considered in the set of finite intersections. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐴 ∈ (fi‘𝐵) ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ ((𝒫 𝐵 ∩ Fin) ∖ {∅})𝐴 = ∩ 𝑥))
Theorem	elfir 6990	Sufficient condition for an element of (fi‘𝐵). (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Nov-2013.)
⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐴 ≠ ∅ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ Fin)) → ∩ 𝐴 ∈ (fi‘𝐵))
Theorem	ssfii 6991	Any element of a set 𝐴 is the intersection of a finite subset of 𝐴. (Contributed by FL, 27-Apr-2008.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 21-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝐴 ⊆ (fi‘𝐴))
Theorem	fi0 6992	The set of finite intersections of the empty set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 30-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (fi‘∅) = ∅
Theorem	fieq0 6993	A set is empty iff the class of all the finite intersections of that set is empty. (Contributed by FL, 27-Apr-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Nov-2013.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐴 = ∅ ↔ (fi‘𝐴) = ∅))
Theorem	fiss 6994	Subset relationship for function fi. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 7-Oct-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Nov-2013.)
⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵) → (fi‘𝐴) ⊆ (fi‘𝐵))
Theorem	fiuni 6995	The union of the finite intersections of a set is simply the union of the set itself. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 5-Sep-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Nov-2013.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → ∪ 𝐴 = ∪ (fi‘𝐴))
Theorem	fipwssg 6996	If a set is a family of subsets of some base set, then so is its finite intersection. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 2-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝒫 𝑋) → (fi‘𝐴) ⊆ 𝒫 𝑋)
Theorem	fifo 6997*	Describe a surjection from nonempty finite sets to finite intersections. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-May-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑦 ∈ ((𝒫 𝐴 ∩ Fin) ∖ {∅}) ↦ ∩ 𝑦)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝐹:((𝒫 𝐴 ∩ Fin) ∖ {∅})–onto→(fi‘𝐴))
Theorem	dcfi 6998*	Decidability of a family of propositions indexed by a finite set. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 30-Sep-2024.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 DECID 𝜑) → DECID ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑)
2.6.34  Supremum and infimum
Syntax	csup 6999	Extend class notation to include supremum of class 𝐴. Here 𝑅 is ordinarily a relation that strictly orders class 𝐵. For example, 𝑅 could be 'less than' and 𝐵 could be the set of real numbers.
class sup(𝐴, 𝐵, 𝑅)
Syntax	cinf 7000	Extend class notation to include infimum of class 𝐴. Here 𝑅 is ordinarily a relation that strictly orders class 𝐵. For example, 𝑅 could be 'less than' and 𝐵 could be the set of real numbers.
class inf(𝐴, 𝐵, 𝑅)