P. 70 of Theorem List - Intuitionistic Logic Explorer

Theorem List for Intuitionistic Logic Explorer - 6901-7000   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	eqinftid 6901*	Sufficient condition for an element to be equal to the infimum. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 16-Dec-2021.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑢 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝑢 = 𝑣 ↔ (¬ 𝑢𝑅𝑣 ∧ ¬ 𝑣𝑅𝑢)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵) → ¬ 𝑦𝑅𝐶)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐶𝑅𝑦)) → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 𝑧𝑅𝑦)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → inf(𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑅) = 𝐶)
Theorem	infvalti 6902*	Alternate expression for the infimum. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 17-Dec-2021.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑢 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝑢 = 𝑣 ↔ (¬ 𝑢𝑅𝑣 ∧ ¬ 𝑣𝑅𝑢)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑦𝑅𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥𝑅𝑦 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 𝑧𝑅𝑦)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → inf(𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑅) = (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑦𝑅𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥𝑅𝑦 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 𝑧𝑅𝑦))))
Theorem	infclti 6903*	An infimum belongs to its base class (closure law). See also inflbti 6904 and infglbti 6905. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 17-Dec-2021.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑢 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝑢 = 𝑣 ↔ (¬ 𝑢𝑅𝑣 ∧ ¬ 𝑣𝑅𝑢)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑦𝑅𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥𝑅𝑦 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 𝑧𝑅𝑦)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → inf(𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑅) ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	inflbti 6904*	An infimum is a lower bound. See also infclti 6903 and infglbti 6905. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 18-Dec-2021.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑢 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝑢 = 𝑣 ↔ (¬ 𝑢𝑅𝑣 ∧ ¬ 𝑣𝑅𝑢)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑦𝑅𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥𝑅𝑦 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 𝑧𝑅𝑦)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐶 ∈ 𝐵 → ¬ 𝐶𝑅inf(𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑅)))
Theorem	infglbti 6905*	An infimum is the greatest lower bound. See also infclti 6903 and inflbti 6904. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 18-Dec-2021.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑢 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝑢 = 𝑣 ↔ (¬ 𝑢𝑅𝑣 ∧ ¬ 𝑣𝑅𝑢)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑦𝑅𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥𝑅𝑦 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 𝑧𝑅𝑦)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐶 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ inf(𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑅)𝑅𝐶) → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 𝑧𝑅𝐶))
Theorem	infnlbti 6906*	A lower bound is not greater than the infimum. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 18-Dec-2021.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑢 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝑢 = 𝑣 ↔ (¬ 𝑢𝑅𝑣 ∧ ¬ 𝑣𝑅𝑢)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑦𝑅𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥𝑅𝑦 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 𝑧𝑅𝑦)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐶 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑧𝑅𝐶) → ¬ inf(𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑅)𝑅𝐶))
Theorem	infminti 6907*	The smallest element of a set is its infimum. Note that the converse is not true; the infimum might not be an element of the set considered. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 18-Dec-2021.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑢 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝑢 = 𝑣 ↔ (¬ 𝑢𝑅𝑣 ∧ ¬ 𝑣𝑅𝑢)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵) → ¬ 𝑦𝑅𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → inf(𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑅) = 𝐶)
Theorem	infmoti 6908*	Any class 𝐵 has at most one infimum in 𝐴 (where 𝑅 is interpreted as 'less than'). (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 18-Dec-2021.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑢 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝑢 = 𝑣 ↔ (¬ 𝑢𝑅𝑣 ∧ ¬ 𝑣𝑅𝑢)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃*𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑦𝑅𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥𝑅𝑦 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 𝑧𝑅𝑦)))
Theorem	infeuti 6909*	An infimum is unique. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 19-Dec-2021.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑢 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝑢 = 𝑣 ↔ (¬ 𝑢𝑅𝑣 ∧ ¬ 𝑣𝑅𝑢)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑦𝑅𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥𝑅𝑦 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 𝑧𝑅𝑦)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑦𝑅𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥𝑅𝑦 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 𝑧𝑅𝑦)))
Theorem	infsnti 6910*	The infimum of a singleton. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 19-Dec-2021.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑢 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝑢 = 𝑣 ↔ (¬ 𝑢𝑅𝑣 ∧ ¬ 𝑣𝑅𝑢)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → inf({𝐵}, 𝐴, 𝑅) = 𝐵)
Theorem	inf00 6911	The infimum regarding an empty base set is always the empty set. (Contributed by AV, 4-Sep-2020.)
⊢ inf(𝐵, ∅, 𝑅) = ∅
Theorem	infisoti 6912*	Image of an infimum under an isomorphism. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 19-Dec-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ⊆ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐶 ¬ 𝑦𝑅𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥𝑅𝑦 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐶 𝑧𝑅𝑦)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑢 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝑢 = 𝑣 ↔ (¬ 𝑢𝑅𝑣 ∧ ¬ 𝑣𝑅𝑢)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → inf((𝐹 “ 𝐶), 𝐵, 𝑆) = (𝐹‘inf(𝐶, 𝐴, 𝑅)))
2.6.34  Ordinal isomorphism
Theorem	ordiso2 6913	Generalize ordiso 6914 to proper classes. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Jun-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐹 Isom E , E (𝐴, 𝐵) ∧ Ord 𝐴 ∧ Ord 𝐵) → 𝐴 = 𝐵)
Theorem	ordiso 6914*	Order-isomorphic ordinal numbers are equal. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 16-Oct-2009.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 24-Jun-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ On ∧ 𝐵 ∈ On) → (𝐴 = 𝐵 ↔ ∃𝑓 𝑓 Isom E , E (𝐴, 𝐵)))
2.6.35  Disjoint union
2.6.35.1  Disjoint union
Syntax	cdju 6915	Extend class notation to include disjoint union of two classes.
class (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵)
Definition	df-dju 6916	Disjoint union of two classes. This is a way of creating a class which contains elements corresponding to each element of 𝐴 or 𝐵, tagging each one with whether it came from 𝐴 or 𝐵. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 20-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵) = (({∅} × 𝐴) ∪ ({1o} × 𝐵))
Theorem	djueq12 6917	Equality theorem for disjoint union. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 23-Jun-2022.)
⊢ ((𝐴 = 𝐵 ∧ 𝐶 = 𝐷) → (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐶) = (𝐵 ⊔ 𝐷))
Theorem	djueq1 6918	Equality theorem for disjoint union. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 23-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐶) = (𝐵 ⊔ 𝐶))
Theorem	djueq2 6919	Equality theorem for disjoint union. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 23-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → (𝐶 ⊔ 𝐴) = (𝐶 ⊔ 𝐵))
Theorem	nfdju 6920	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for disjoint union. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 23-Jun-2022.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥(𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵)
Theorem	djuex 6921	The disjoint union of sets is a set. See also the more precise djuss 6948. (Contributed by AV, 28-Jun-2022.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊) → (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵) ∈ V)
Theorem	djuexb 6922	The disjoint union of two classes is a set iff both classes are sets. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 6-Sep-2023.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ V ∧ 𝐵 ∈ V) ↔ (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵) ∈ V)
2.6.35.2  Left and right injections of a disjoint union In this section, we define the left and right injections of a disjoint union and prove their main properties. These injections are restrictions of the "template" functions inl and inr, which appear in most applications in the form (inl ↾ 𝐴) and (inr ↾ 𝐵).
Syntax	cinl 6923	Extend class notation to include left injection of a disjoint union.
class inl
Syntax	cinr 6924	Extend class notation to include right injection of a disjoint union.
class inr
Definition	df-inl 6925	Left injection of a disjoint union. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Jun-2022.)
⊢ inl = (𝑥 ∈ V ↦ ⟨∅, 𝑥⟩)
Definition	df-inr 6926	Right injection of a disjoint union. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Jun-2022.)
⊢ inr = (𝑥 ∈ V ↦ ⟨1o, 𝑥⟩)
Theorem	djulclr 6927	Left closure of disjoint union. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 21-Jun-2022.) (Revised by BJ, 6-Jul-2022.)
⊢ (𝐶 ∈ 𝐴 → ((inl ↾ 𝐴)‘𝐶) ∈ (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵))
Theorem	djurclr 6928	Right closure of disjoint union. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 21-Jun-2022.) (Revised by BJ, 6-Jul-2022.)
⊢ (𝐶 ∈ 𝐵 → ((inr ↾ 𝐵)‘𝐶) ∈ (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵))
Theorem	djulcl 6929	Left closure of disjoint union. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 21-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (𝐶 ∈ 𝐴 → (inl‘𝐶) ∈ (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵))
Theorem	djurcl 6930	Right closure of disjoint union. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 21-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (𝐶 ∈ 𝐵 → (inr‘𝐶) ∈ (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵))
Theorem	djuf1olem 6931*	Lemma for djulf1o 6936 and djurf1o 6937. (Contributed by BJ and Jim Kingdon, 4-Jul-2022.)
⊢ 𝑋 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ ⟨𝑋, 𝑥⟩)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐹:𝐴–1-1-onto→({𝑋} × 𝐴)
Theorem	djuf1olemr 6932*	Lemma for djulf1or 6934 and djurf1or 6935. For a version of this lemma with 𝐹 defined on 𝐴 and no restriction in the conclusion, see djuf1olem 6931. (Contributed by BJ and Jim Kingdon, 4-Jul-2022.)
⊢ 𝑋 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ V ↦ ⟨𝑋, 𝑥⟩)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐹 ↾ 𝐴):𝐴–1-1-onto→({𝑋} × 𝐴)
Theorem	djulclb 6933	Left biconditional closure of disjoint union. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 2-Jul-2022.)
⊢ (𝐶 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐶 ∈ 𝐴 ↔ (inl‘𝐶) ∈ (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵)))
Theorem	djulf1or 6934	The left injection function on all sets is one to one and onto. (Contributed by BJ and Jim Kingdon, 22-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (inl ↾ 𝐴):𝐴–1-1-onto→({∅} × 𝐴)
Theorem	djurf1or 6935	The right injection function on all sets is one to one and onto. (Contributed by BJ and Jim Kingdon, 22-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (inr ↾ 𝐴):𝐴–1-1-onto→({1o} × 𝐴)
Theorem	djulf1o 6936	The left injection function on all sets is one to one and onto. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 22-Jun-2022.)
⊢ inl:V–1-1-onto→({∅} × V)
Theorem	djurf1o 6937	The right injection function on all sets is one to one and onto. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 22-Jun-2022.)
⊢ inr:V–1-1-onto→({1o} × V)
Theorem	inresflem 6938*	Lemma for inlresf1 6939 and inrresf1 6940. (Contributed by BJ, 4-Jul-2022.)
⊢ 𝐹:𝐴–1-1-onto→({𝑋} × 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → (𝐹‘𝑥) ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐹:𝐴–1-1→𝐵
Theorem	inlresf1 6939	The left injection restricted to the left class of a disjoint union is an injective function from the left class into the disjoint union. (Contributed by AV, 28-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (inl ↾ 𝐴):𝐴–1-1→(𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵)
Theorem	inrresf1 6940	The right injection restricted to the right class of a disjoint union is an injective function from the right class into the disjoint union. (Contributed by AV, 28-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (inr ↾ 𝐵):𝐵–1-1→(𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵)
Theorem	djuinr 6941	The ranges of any left and right injections are disjoint. Remark: the extra generality offered by the two restrictions makes the theorem more readily usable (e.g., by djudom 6971 and djufun 6982) while the simpler statement ⊢ (ran inl ∩ ran inr) = ∅ is easily recovered from it by substituting V for both 𝐴 and 𝐵 as done in casefun 6963). (Contributed by BJ and Jim Kingdon, 21-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (ran (inl ↾ 𝐴) ∩ ran (inr ↾ 𝐵)) = ∅
Theorem	djuin 6942	The images of any classes under right and left injection produce disjoint sets. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 21-Jun-2022.) (Proof shortened by BJ, 9-Jul-2023.)
⊢ ((inl “ 𝐴) ∩ (inr “ 𝐵)) = ∅
Theorem	inl11 6943	Left injection is one-to-one. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 12-Jul-2023.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊) → ((inl‘𝐴) = (inl‘𝐵) ↔ 𝐴 = 𝐵))
Theorem	djuunr 6944	The disjoint union of two classes is the union of the images of those two classes under right and left injection. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 22-Jun-2022.) (Proof shortened by BJ, 6-Jul-2022.)
⊢ (ran (inl ↾ 𝐴) ∪ ran (inr ↾ 𝐵)) = (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵)
Theorem	djuun 6945	The disjoint union of two classes is the union of the images of those two classes under right and left injection. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 22-Jun-2022.) (Proof shortened by BJ, 9-Jul-2023.)
⊢ ((inl “ 𝐴) ∪ (inr “ 𝐵)) = (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵)
Theorem	eldju 6946*	Element of a disjoint union. (Contributed by BJ and Jim Kingdon, 23-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (𝐶 ∈ (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵) ↔ (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶 = ((inl ↾ 𝐴)‘𝑥) ∨ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝐶 = ((inr ↾ 𝐵)‘𝑥)))
Theorem	djur 6947*	A member of a disjoint union can be mapped from one of the classes which produced it. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 23-Jun-2022.) Upgrade implication to biconditional and shorten proof. (Revised by BJ, 14-Jul-2023.)
⊢ (𝐶 ∈ (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵) ↔ (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶 = (inl‘𝑥) ∨ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝐶 = (inr‘𝑥)))
2.6.35.3  Universal property of the disjoint union
Theorem	djuss 6948	A disjoint union is a subset of a Cartesian product. (Contributed by AV, 25-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵) ⊆ ({∅, 1o} × (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵))
Theorem	eldju1st 6949	The first component of an element of a disjoint union is either ∅ or 1o. (Contributed by AV, 26-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (𝑋 ∈ (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵) → ((1st ‘𝑋) = ∅ ∨ (1st ‘𝑋) = 1o))
Theorem	eldju2ndl 6950	The second component of an element of a disjoint union is an element of the left class of the disjoint union if its first component is the empty set. (Contributed by AV, 26-Jun-2022.)
⊢ ((𝑋 ∈ (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵) ∧ (1st ‘𝑋) = ∅) → (2nd ‘𝑋) ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	eldju2ndr 6951	The second component of an element of a disjoint union is an element of the right class of the disjoint union if its first component is not the empty set. (Contributed by AV, 26-Jun-2022.)
⊢ ((𝑋 ∈ (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵) ∧ (1st ‘𝑋) ≠ ∅) → (2nd ‘𝑋) ∈ 𝐵)
Theorem	1stinl 6952	The first component of the value of a left injection is the empty set. (Contributed by AV, 27-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → (1st ‘(inl‘𝑋)) = ∅)
Theorem	2ndinl 6953	The second component of the value of a left injection is its argument. (Contributed by AV, 27-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → (2nd ‘(inl‘𝑋)) = 𝑋)
Theorem	1stinr 6954	The first component of the value of a right injection is 1o. (Contributed by AV, 27-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → (1st ‘(inr‘𝑋)) = 1o)
Theorem	2ndinr 6955	The second component of the value of a right injection is its argument. (Contributed by AV, 27-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → (2nd ‘(inr‘𝑋)) = 𝑋)
Theorem	djune 6956	Left and right injection never produce equal values. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 2-Jul-2022.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊) → (inl‘𝐴) ≠ (inr‘𝐵))
Theorem	updjudhf 6957*	The mapping of an element of the disjoint union to the value of the corresponding function is a function. (Contributed by AV, 26-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐴⟶𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:𝐵⟶𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑥 ∈ (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵) ↦ if((1st ‘𝑥) = ∅, (𝐹‘(2nd ‘𝑥)), (𝐺‘(2nd ‘𝑥))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻:(𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵)⟶𝐶)
Theorem	updjudhcoinlf 6958*	The composition of the mapping of an element of the disjoint union to the value of the corresponding function and the left injection equals the first function. (Contributed by AV, 27-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐴⟶𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:𝐵⟶𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑥 ∈ (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵) ↦ if((1st ‘𝑥) = ∅, (𝐹‘(2nd ‘𝑥)), (𝐺‘(2nd ‘𝑥))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐻 ∘ (inl ↾ 𝐴)) = 𝐹)
Theorem	updjudhcoinrg 6959*	The composition of the mapping of an element of the disjoint union to the value of the corresponding function and the right injection equals the second function. (Contributed by AV, 27-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐴⟶𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:𝐵⟶𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑥 ∈ (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵) ↦ if((1st ‘𝑥) = ∅, (𝐹‘(2nd ‘𝑥)), (𝐺‘(2nd ‘𝑥))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐻 ∘ (inr ↾ 𝐵)) = 𝐺)
Theorem	updjud 6960*	Universal property of the disjoint union. (Proposed by BJ, 25-Jun-2022.) (Contributed by AV, 28-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐴⟶𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:𝐵⟶𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃!ℎ(ℎ:(𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵)⟶𝐶 ∧ (ℎ ∘ (inl ↾ 𝐴)) = 𝐹 ∧ (ℎ ∘ (inr ↾ 𝐵)) = 𝐺))
Syntax	cdjucase 6961	Syntax for the "case" construction.
class case(𝑅, 𝑆)
Definition	df-case 6962	The "case" construction: if 𝐹:𝐴⟶𝑋 and 𝐺:𝐵⟶𝑋 are functions, then case(𝐹, 𝐺):(𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵)⟶𝑋 is the natural function obtained by a definition by cases, hence the name. It is the unique function whose existence is asserted by the universal property of disjoint unions updjud 6960. The definition is adapted to make sense also for binary relations (where the universal property also holds). (Contributed by MC and BJ, 10-Jul-2022.)
⊢ case(𝑅, 𝑆) = ((𝑅 ∘ ◡inl) ∪ (𝑆 ∘ ◡inr))
Theorem	casefun 6963	The "case" construction of two functions is a function. (Contributed by BJ, 10-Jul-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → Fun 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Fun 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Fun case(𝐹, 𝐺))
Theorem	casedm 6964	The domain of the "case" construction is the disjoint union of the domains. TODO (although less important): ⊢ ran case(𝐹, 𝐺) = (ran 𝐹 ∪ ran 𝐺). (Contributed by BJ, 10-Jul-2022.)
⊢ dom case(𝐹, 𝐺) = (dom 𝐹 ⊔ dom 𝐺)
Theorem	caserel 6965	The "case" construction of two relations is a relation, with bounds on its domain and codomain. Typically, the "case" construction is used when both relations have a common codomain. (Contributed by BJ, 10-Jul-2022.)
⊢ case(𝑅, 𝑆) ⊆ ((dom 𝑅 ⊔ dom 𝑆) × (ran 𝑅 ∪ ran 𝑆))
Theorem	casef 6966	The "case" construction of two functions is a function on the disjoint union of their domains. (Contributed by BJ, 10-Jul-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐴⟶𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:𝐵⟶𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → case(𝐹, 𝐺):(𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵)⟶𝑋)
Theorem	caseinj 6967	The "case" construction of two injective relations with disjoint ranges is an injective relation. (Contributed by BJ, 10-Jul-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → Fun ◡𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Fun ◡𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (ran 𝑅 ∩ ran 𝑆) = ∅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Fun ◡case(𝑅, 𝑆))
Theorem	casef1 6968	The "case" construction of two injective functions with disjoint ranges is an injective function. (Contributed by BJ, 10-Jul-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐴–1-1→𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:𝐵–1-1→𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (ran 𝐹 ∩ ran 𝐺) = ∅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → case(𝐹, 𝐺):(𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵)–1-1→𝑋)
Theorem	caseinl 6969	Applying the "case" construction to a left injection. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 15-Mar-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 Fn 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Fun 𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (case(𝐹, 𝐺)‘(inl‘𝐴)) = (𝐹‘𝐴))
Theorem	caseinr 6970	Applying the "case" construction to a right injection. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 12-Jul-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → Fun 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 Fn 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (case(𝐹, 𝐺)‘(inr‘𝐴)) = (𝐺‘𝐴))
2.6.35.4  Dominance and equinumerosity properties of disjoint union
Theorem	djudom 6971	Dominance law for disjoint union. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 25-Jul-2022.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ≼ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐶 ≼ 𝐷) → (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐶) ≼ (𝐵 ⊔ 𝐷))
Theorem	omp1eomlem 6972*	Lemma for omp1eom 6973. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 11-Jul-2023.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ ω ↦ if(𝑥 = ∅, (inr‘𝑥), (inl‘∪ 𝑥)))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑥 ∈ ω ↦ suc 𝑥)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = case(𝑆, ( I ↾ 1o))    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐹:ω–1-1-onto→(ω ⊔ 1o)
Theorem	omp1eom 6973	Adding one to ω. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 10-Jul-2023.)
⊢ (ω ⊔ 1o) ≈ ω
Theorem	endjusym 6974	Reversing right and left operands of a disjoint union produces an equinumerous result. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 10-Jul-2023.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊) → (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵) ≈ (𝐵 ⊔ 𝐴))
Theorem	eninl 6975	Equinumerosity of a set and its image under left injection. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 30-Jul-2023.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → (inl “ 𝐴) ≈ 𝐴)
Theorem	eninr 6976	Equinumerosity of a set and its image under right injection. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 30-Jul-2023.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → (inr “ 𝐴) ≈ 𝐴)
Theorem	difinfsnlem 6977*	Lemma for difinfsn 6978. The case where we need to swap 𝐵 and (inr‘∅) in building the mapping 𝐺. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 9-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 DECID 𝑥 = 𝑦)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:(ω ⊔ 1o)–1-1→𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹‘(inr‘∅)) ≠ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑛 ∈ ω ↦ if((𝐹‘(inl‘𝑛)) = 𝐵, (𝐹‘(inr‘∅)), (𝐹‘(inl‘𝑛))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:ω–1-1→(𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}))
Theorem	difinfsn 6978*	An infinite set minus one element is infinite. We require that the set has decidable equality. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 8-Aug-2023.)
⊢ ((∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 DECID 𝑥 = 𝑦 ∧ ω ≼ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴) → ω ≼ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}))
Theorem	difinfinf 6979*	An infinite set minus a finite subset is infinite. We require that the set has decidable equality. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 8-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (((∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 DECID 𝑥 = 𝑦 ∧ ω ≼ 𝐴) ∧ (𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ Fin)) → ω ≼ (𝐴 ∖ 𝐵))
2.6.35.5  Older definition temporarily kept for comparison, to be deleted
Syntax	cdjud 6980	Syntax for the domain-disjoint-union of two relations.
class (𝑅 ⊔d 𝑆)
Definition	df-djud 6981	The "domain-disjoint-union" of two relations: if 𝑅 ⊆ (𝐴 × 𝑋) and 𝑆 ⊆ (𝐵 × 𝑋) are two binary relations, then (𝑅 ⊔d 𝑆) is the binary relation from (𝐴 ⊔ 𝐵) to 𝑋 having the universal property of disjoint unions (see updjud 6960 in the case of functions). Remark: the restrictions to dom 𝑅 (resp. dom 𝑆) are not necessary since extra stuff would be thrown away in the post-composition with 𝑅 (resp. 𝑆), as in df-case 6962, but they are explicitly written for clarity. (Contributed by MC and BJ, 10-Jul-2022.)
⊢ (𝑅 ⊔d 𝑆) = ((𝑅 ∘ ◡(inl ↾ dom 𝑅)) ∪ (𝑆 ∘ ◡(inr ↾ dom 𝑆)))
Theorem	djufun 6982	The "domain-disjoint-union" of two functions is a function. (Contributed by BJ, 10-Jul-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → Fun 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Fun 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Fun (𝐹 ⊔d 𝐺))
Theorem	djudm 6983	The domain of the "domain-disjoint-union" is the disjoint union of the domains. Remark: its range is the (standard) union of the ranges. (Contributed by BJ, 10-Jul-2022.)
⊢ dom (𝐹 ⊔d 𝐺) = (dom 𝐹 ⊔ dom 𝐺)
Theorem	djuinj 6984	The "domain-disjoint-union" of two injective relations with disjoint ranges is an injective relation. (Contributed by BJ, 10-Jul-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → Fun ◡𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Fun ◡𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (ran 𝑅 ∩ ran 𝑆) = ∅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Fun ◡(𝑅 ⊔d 𝑆))
2.6.35.6  Countable sets
Theorem	0ct 6985	The empty set is countable. Remark of [BauerSwan], p. 14:3 which also has the definition of countable used here. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 13-Mar-2023.)
⊢ ∃𝑓 𝑓:ω–onto→(∅ ⊔ 1o)
Theorem	ctmlemr 6986*	Lemma for ctm 6987. One of the directions of the biconditional. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 16-Mar-2023.)
⊢ (∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → (∃𝑓 𝑓:ω–onto→𝐴 → ∃𝑓 𝑓:ω–onto→(𝐴 ⊔ 1o)))
Theorem	ctm 6987*	Two equivalent definitions of countable for an inhabited set. Remark of [BauerSwan], p. 14:3. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 13-Mar-2023.)
⊢ (∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → (∃𝑓 𝑓:ω–onto→(𝐴 ⊔ 1o) ↔ ∃𝑓 𝑓:ω–onto→𝐴))
Theorem	ctssdclemn0 6988*	Lemma for ctssdc 6991. The ¬ ∅ ∈ 𝑆 case. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 16-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ⊆ ω)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑛 ∈ ω DECID 𝑛 ∈ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑆–onto→𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ ∅ ∈ 𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑔 𝑔:ω–onto→(𝐴 ⊔ 1o))
Theorem	ctssdccl 6989*	A mapping from a decidable subset of the natural numbers onto a countable set. This is similar to one direction of ctssdc 6991 but expressed in terms of classes rather than ∃. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 30-Oct-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ω–onto→(𝐴 ⊔ 1o))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = {𝑥 ∈ ω ∣ (𝐹‘𝑥) ∈ (inl “ 𝐴)}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (◡inl ∘ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑆 ⊆ ω ∧ 𝐺:𝑆–onto→𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑛 ∈ ω DECID 𝑛 ∈ 𝑆))
Theorem	ctssdclemr 6990*	Lemma for ctssdc 6991. Showing that our usual definition of countable implies the alternate one. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 16-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (∃𝑓 𝑓:ω–onto→(𝐴 ⊔ 1o) → ∃𝑠(𝑠 ⊆ ω ∧ ∃𝑓 𝑓:𝑠–onto→𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑛 ∈ ω DECID 𝑛 ∈ 𝑠))
Theorem	ctssdc 6991*	A set is countable iff there is a surjection from a decidable subset of the natural numbers onto it. The decidability condition is needed as shown at ctssexmid 7017. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 15-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (∃𝑠(𝑠 ⊆ ω ∧ ∃𝑓 𝑓:𝑠–onto→𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑛 ∈ ω DECID 𝑛 ∈ 𝑠) ↔ ∃𝑓 𝑓:ω–onto→(𝐴 ⊔ 1o))
Theorem	enumctlemm 6992*	Lemma for enumct 6993. The case where 𝑁 is greater than zero. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 13-Mar-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑁–onto→𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ω)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∅ ∈ 𝑁)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑘 ∈ ω ↦ if(𝑘 ∈ 𝑁, (𝐹‘𝑘), (𝐹‘∅)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:ω–onto→𝐴)
Theorem	enumct 6993*	A finitely enumerable set is countable. Lemma 8.1.14 of [AczelRathjen], p. 73 (except that our definition of countable does not require the set to be inhabited). "Finitely enumerable" is defined as ∃𝑛 ∈ ω∃𝑓𝑓:𝑛–onto→𝐴 per Definition 8.1.4 of [AczelRathjen], p. 71 and "countable" is defined as ∃𝑔𝑔:ω–onto→(𝐴 ⊔ 1o) per [BauerSwan], p. 14:3. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 13-Mar-2023.)
⊢ (∃𝑛 ∈ ω ∃𝑓 𝑓:𝑛–onto→𝐴 → ∃𝑔 𝑔:ω–onto→(𝐴 ⊔ 1o))
Theorem	finct 6994*	A finite set is countable. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 17-Mar-2023.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ Fin → ∃𝑔 𝑔:ω–onto→(𝐴 ⊔ 1o))
Theorem	omct 6995	ω is countable. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 23-Dec-2023.)
⊢ ∃𝑓 𝑓:ω–onto→(ω ⊔ 1o)
Theorem	ctfoex 6996*	A countable class is a set. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 25-Dec-2023.)
⊢ (∃𝑓 𝑓:ω–onto→(𝐴 ⊔ 1o) → 𝐴 ∈ V)
2.6.36  Omniscient sets
Syntax	comni 6997	Extend class definition to include the class of omniscient sets.
class Omni
Syntax	xnninf 6998	Set of nonincreasing sequences in 2o ↑𝑚 ω.
class ℕ∞
Definition	df-omni 6999*	An omniscient set is one where we can decide whether a predicate (here represented by a function 𝑓) holds (is equal to 1o) for all elements or fails to hold (is equal to ∅) for some element. Definition 3.1 of [Pierik], p. 14. In particular, ω ∈ Omni is known as the Limited Principle of Omniscience (LPO). (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 28-Jun-2022.)
⊢ Omni = {𝑦 ∣ ∀𝑓(𝑓:𝑦⟶2o → (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 (𝑓‘𝑥) = ∅ ∨ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 (𝑓‘𝑥) = 1o))}
Definition	df-nninf 7000*	Define the set of nonincreasing sequences in 2o ↑𝑚 ω. Definition in Section 3.1 of [Pierik], p. 15. If we assumed excluded middle, this would be essentially the same as ℕ0* as defined at df-xnn0 9034 but in its absence the relationship between the two is more complicated. This definition would function much the same whether we used ω or ℕ0, but the former allows us to take advantage of 2o = {∅, 1o} (df2o3 6320) so we adopt it. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 14-Jul-2022.)
⊢ ℕ∞ = {𝑓 ∈ (2o ↑𝑚 ω) ∣ ∀𝑖 ∈ ω (𝑓‘suc 𝑖) ⊆ (𝑓‘𝑖)}