Home | Intuitionistic Logic Explorer Theorem List (p. 42 of 139) | < Previous Next > |
Bad symbols? Try the
GIF version. |
||
Mirrors > Metamath Home Page > ILE Home Page > Theorem List Contents > Recent Proofs This page: Page List |
Type | Label | Description |
---|---|---|
Statement | ||
Theorem | axnul 4101* |
The Null Set Axiom of ZF set theory: there exists a set with no
elements. Axiom of Empty Set of [Enderton] p. 18. In some textbooks,
this is presented as a separate axiom; here we show it can be derived
from Separation ax-sep 4094. This version of the Null Set Axiom tells us
that at least one empty set exists, but does not tell us that it is
unique - we need the Axiom of Extensionality to do that (see
zfnuleu 4100).
This theorem should not be referenced by any proof. Instead, use ax-nul 4102 below so that the uses of the Null Set Axiom can be more easily identified. (Contributed by Jeff Hoffman, 3-Feb-2008.) (Revised by NM, 4-Feb-2008.) (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) |
⊢ ∃𝑥∀𝑦 ¬ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 | ||
Axiom | ax-nul 4102* | The Null Set Axiom of IZF set theory. It was derived as axnul 4101 above and is therefore redundant, but we state it as a separate axiom here so that its uses can be identified more easily. Axiom 4 of [Crosilla] p. "Axioms of CZF and IZF". (Contributed by NM, 7-Aug-2003.) |
⊢ ∃𝑥∀𝑦 ¬ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 | ||
Theorem | 0ex 4103 | The Null Set Axiom of ZF set theory: the empty set exists. Corollary 5.16 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 20. For the unabbreviated version, see ax-nul 4102. (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1993.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 9-Jul-2011.) |
⊢ ∅ ∈ V | ||
Theorem | csbexga 4104 | The existence of proper substitution into a class. (Contributed by NM, 10-Nov-2005.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ ∀𝑥 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊) → ⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌𝐵 ∈ V) | ||
Theorem | csbexa 4105 | The existence of proper substitution into a class. (Contributed by NM, 7-Aug-2007.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 29-Jun-2011.) |
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V & ⊢ 𝐵 ∈ V ⇒ ⊢ ⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌𝐵 ∈ V | ||
Theorem | nalset 4106* | No set contains all sets. Theorem 41 of [Suppes] p. 30. (Contributed by NM, 23-Aug-1993.) |
⊢ ¬ ∃𝑥∀𝑦 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 | ||
Theorem | vnex 4107 | The universal class does not exist as a set. (Contributed by NM, 4-Jul-2005.) |
⊢ ¬ ∃𝑥 𝑥 = V | ||
Theorem | vprc 4108 | The universal class is not a member of itself (and thus is not a set). Proposition 5.21 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 21; our proof, however, does not depend on the Axiom of Regularity. (Contributed by NM, 23-Aug-1993.) |
⊢ ¬ V ∈ V | ||
Theorem | nvel 4109 | The universal class does not belong to any class. (Contributed by FL, 31-Dec-2006.) |
⊢ ¬ V ∈ 𝐴 | ||
Theorem | inex1 4110 | Separation Scheme (Aussonderung) using class notation. Compare Exercise 4 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 22. (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1993.) |
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V ⇒ ⊢ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∈ V | ||
Theorem | inex2 4111 | Separation Scheme (Aussonderung) using class notation. (Contributed by NM, 27-Apr-1994.) |
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V ⇒ ⊢ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐴) ∈ V | ||
Theorem | inex1g 4112 | Closed-form, generalized Separation Scheme. (Contributed by NM, 7-Apr-1995.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∈ V) | ||
Theorem | ssex 4113 | The subset of a set is also a set. Exercise 3 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 22. This is one way to express the Axiom of Separation ax-sep 4094 (a.k.a. Subset Axiom). (Contributed by NM, 27-Apr-1994.) |
⊢ 𝐵 ∈ V ⇒ ⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 → 𝐴 ∈ V) | ||
Theorem | ssexi 4114 | The subset of a set is also a set. (Contributed by NM, 9-Sep-1993.) |
⊢ 𝐵 ∈ V & ⊢ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ⇒ ⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V | ||
Theorem | ssexg 4115 | The subset of a set is also a set. Exercise 3 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 22 (generalized). (Contributed by NM, 14-Aug-1994.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐶) → 𝐴 ∈ V) | ||
Theorem | ssexd 4116 | A subclass of a set is a set. Deduction form of ssexg 4115. (Contributed by David Moews, 1-May-2017.) |
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐶) & ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵) ⇒ ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ V) | ||
Theorem | difexg 4117 | Existence of a difference. (Contributed by NM, 26-May-1998.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐴 ∖ 𝐵) ∈ V) | ||
Theorem | zfausab 4118* | Separation Scheme (Aussonderung) in terms of a class abstraction. (Contributed by NM, 8-Jun-1994.) |
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V ⇒ ⊢ {𝑥 ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝜑)} ∈ V | ||
Theorem | rabexg 4119* | Separation Scheme in terms of a restricted class abstraction. (Contributed by NM, 23-Oct-1999.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} ∈ V) | ||
Theorem | rabex 4120* | Separation Scheme in terms of a restricted class abstraction. (Contributed by NM, 19-Jul-1996.) |
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V ⇒ ⊢ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} ∈ V | ||
Theorem | elssabg 4121* | Membership in a class abstraction involving a subset. Unlike elabg 2867, 𝐴 does not have to be a set. (Contributed by NM, 29-Aug-2006.) |
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓)) ⇒ ⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐴 ∈ {𝑥 ∣ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ 𝜑)} ↔ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ 𝜓))) | ||
Theorem | inteximm 4122* | The intersection of an inhabited class exists. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 27-Aug-2018.) |
⊢ (∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → ∩ 𝐴 ∈ V) | ||
Theorem | intexr 4123 | If the intersection of a class exists, the class is nonempty. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 27-Aug-2018.) |
⊢ (∩ 𝐴 ∈ V → 𝐴 ≠ ∅) | ||
Theorem | intnexr 4124 | If a class intersection is the universe, it is not a set. In classical logic this would be an equivalence. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 27-Aug-2018.) |
⊢ (∩ 𝐴 = V → ¬ ∩ 𝐴 ∈ V) | ||
Theorem | intexabim 4125 | The intersection of an inhabited class abstraction exists. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 27-Aug-2018.) |
⊢ (∃𝑥𝜑 → ∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} ∈ V) | ||
Theorem | intexrabim 4126 | The intersection of an inhabited restricted class abstraction exists. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 27-Aug-2018.) |
⊢ (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 → ∩ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} ∈ V) | ||
Theorem | iinexgm 4127* | The existence of an indexed union. 𝑥 is normally a free-variable parameter in 𝐵, which should be read 𝐵(𝑥). (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 28-Aug-2018.) |
⊢ ((∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 ∈ 𝐶) → ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 ∈ V) | ||
Theorem | inuni 4128* | The intersection of a union ∪ 𝐴 with a class 𝐵 is equal to the union of the intersections of each element of 𝐴 with 𝐵. (Contributed by FL, 24-Mar-2007.) |
⊢ (∪ 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = ∪ {𝑥 ∣ ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝑥 = (𝑦 ∩ 𝐵)} | ||
Theorem | elpw2g 4129 | Membership in a power class. Theorem 86 of [Suppes] p. 47. (Contributed by NM, 7-Aug-2000.) |
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐴 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵 ↔ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵)) | ||
Theorem | elpw2 4130 | Membership in a power class. Theorem 86 of [Suppes] p. 47. (Contributed by NM, 11-Oct-2007.) |
⊢ 𝐵 ∈ V ⇒ ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵 ↔ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵) | ||
Theorem | elpwi2 4131 | Membership in a power class. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 3-Mar-2021.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 26-May-2024.) |
⊢ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 & ⊢ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ⇒ ⊢ 𝐴 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵 | ||
Theorem | pwnss 4132 | The power set of a set is never a subset. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 22-Feb-2015.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → ¬ 𝒫 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐴) | ||
Theorem | pwne 4133 | No set equals its power set. The sethood antecedent is necessary; compare pwv 3782. (Contributed by NM, 17-Nov-2008.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝒫 𝐴 ≠ 𝐴) | ||
Theorem | repizf2lem 4134 | Lemma for repizf2 4135. If we have a function-like proposition which provides at most one value of 𝑦 for each 𝑥 in a set 𝑤, we can change "at most one" to "exactly one" by restricting the values of 𝑥 to those values for which the proposition provides a value of 𝑦. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 7-Sep-2018.) |
⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑤 ∃*𝑦𝜑 ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ {𝑥 ∈ 𝑤 ∣ ∃𝑦𝜑}∃!𝑦𝜑) | ||
Theorem | repizf2 4135* | Replacement. This version of replacement is stronger than repizf 4092 in the sense that 𝜑 does not need to map all values of 𝑥 in 𝑤 to a value of 𝑦. The resulting set contains those elements for which there is a value of 𝑦 and in that sense, this theorem combines repizf 4092 with ax-sep 4094. Another variation would be ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑤∃*𝑦𝜑 → {𝑦 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑥 ∈ 𝑤 ∧ 𝜑)} ∈ V but we don't have a proof of that yet. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 7-Sep-2018.) |
⊢ Ⅎ𝑧𝜑 ⇒ ⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑤 ∃*𝑦𝜑 → ∃𝑧∀𝑥 ∈ {𝑥 ∈ 𝑤 ∣ ∃𝑦𝜑}∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑧 𝜑) | ||
Theorem | class2seteq 4136* | Equality theorem for classes and sets . (Contributed by NM, 13-Dec-2005.) (Proof shortened by Raph Levien, 30-Jun-2006.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝐴 ∈ V} = 𝐴) | ||
Theorem | 0elpw 4137 | Every power class contains the empty set. (Contributed by NM, 25-Oct-2007.) |
⊢ ∅ ∈ 𝒫 𝐴 | ||
Theorem | 0nep0 4138 | The empty set and its power set are not equal. (Contributed by NM, 23-Dec-1993.) |
⊢ ∅ ≠ {∅} | ||
Theorem | 0inp0 4139 | Something cannot be equal to both the null set and the power set of the null set. (Contributed by NM, 30-Sep-2003.) |
⊢ (𝐴 = ∅ → ¬ 𝐴 = {∅}) | ||
Theorem | unidif0 4140 | The removal of the empty set from a class does not affect its union. (Contributed by NM, 22-Mar-2004.) |
⊢ ∪ (𝐴 ∖ {∅}) = ∪ 𝐴 | ||
Theorem | iin0imm 4141* | An indexed intersection of the empty set, with an inhabited index set, is empty. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 29-Aug-2018.) |
⊢ (∃𝑦 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 → ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∅ = ∅) | ||
Theorem | iin0r 4142* | If an indexed intersection of the empty set is empty, the index set is nonempty. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 29-Aug-2018.) |
⊢ (∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∅ = ∅ → 𝐴 ≠ ∅) | ||
Theorem | intv 4143 | The intersection of the universal class is empty. (Contributed by NM, 11-Sep-2008.) |
⊢ ∩ V = ∅ | ||
Theorem | axpweq 4144* | Two equivalent ways to express the Power Set Axiom. Note that ax-pow 4147 is not used by the proof. (Contributed by NM, 22-Jun-2009.) |
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V ⇒ ⊢ (𝒫 𝐴 ∈ V ↔ ∃𝑥∀𝑦(∀𝑧(𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 → 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥)) | ||
Theorem | bnd 4145* | A very strong generalization of the Axiom of Replacement (compare zfrep6 4093). Its strength lies in the rather profound fact that 𝜑(𝑥, 𝑦) does not have to be a "function-like" wff, as it does in the standard Axiom of Replacement. This theorem is sometimes called the Boundedness Axiom. In the context of IZF, it is just a slight variation of ax-coll 4091. (Contributed by NM, 17-Oct-2004.) |
⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑧 ∃𝑦𝜑 → ∃𝑤∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑧 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑤 𝜑) | ||
Theorem | bnd2 4146* | A variant of the Boundedness Axiom bnd 4145 that picks a subset 𝑧 out of a possibly proper class 𝐵 in which a property is true. (Contributed by NM, 4-Feb-2004.) |
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V ⇒ ⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑 → ∃𝑧(𝑧 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑧 𝜑)) | ||
Axiom | ax-pow 4147* |
Axiom of Power Sets. An axiom of Intuitionistic Zermelo-Fraenkel set
theory. It states that a set 𝑦 exists that includes the power set
of a given set 𝑥 i.e. contains every subset of 𝑥. This
is
Axiom 8 of [Crosilla] p. "Axioms
of CZF and IZF" except (a) unnecessary
quantifiers are removed, and (b) Crosilla has a biconditional rather
than an implication (but the two are equivalent by bm1.3ii 4097).
The variant axpow2 4149 uses explicit subset notation. A version using class notation is pwex 4156. (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1993.) |
⊢ ∃𝑦∀𝑧(∀𝑤(𝑤 ∈ 𝑧 → 𝑤 ∈ 𝑥) → 𝑧 ∈ 𝑦) | ||
Theorem | zfpow 4148* | Axiom of Power Sets expressed with the fewest number of different variables. (Contributed by NM, 14-Aug-2003.) |
⊢ ∃𝑥∀𝑦(∀𝑥(𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 → 𝑥 ∈ 𝑧) → 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥) | ||
Theorem | axpow2 4149* | A variant of the Axiom of Power Sets ax-pow 4147 using subset notation. Problem in {BellMachover] p. 466. (Contributed by NM, 4-Jun-2006.) |
⊢ ∃𝑦∀𝑧(𝑧 ⊆ 𝑥 → 𝑧 ∈ 𝑦) | ||
Theorem | axpow3 4150* | A variant of the Axiom of Power Sets ax-pow 4147. For any set 𝑥, there exists a set 𝑦 whose members are exactly the subsets of 𝑥 i.e. the power set of 𝑥. Axiom Pow of [BellMachover] p. 466. (Contributed by NM, 4-Jun-2006.) |
⊢ ∃𝑦∀𝑧(𝑧 ⊆ 𝑥 ↔ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑦) | ||
Theorem | el 4151* | Every set is an element of some other set. (Contributed by NM, 4-Jan-2002.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 25-Jul-2011.) |
⊢ ∃𝑦 𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 | ||
Theorem | vpwex 4152 | Power set axiom: the powerclass of a set is a set. Axiom 4 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 17. (Contributed by NM, 30-Oct-2003.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 25-Jul-2011.) Revised to prove pwexg 4153 from vpwex 4152. (Revised by BJ, 10-Aug-2022.) |
⊢ 𝒫 𝑥 ∈ V | ||
Theorem | pwexg 4153 | Power set axiom expressed in class notation, with the sethood requirement as an antecedent. (Contributed by NM, 30-Oct-2003.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝒫 𝐴 ∈ V) | ||
Theorem | pwexd 4154 | Deduction version of the power set axiom. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.) |
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉) ⇒ ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝒫 𝐴 ∈ V) | ||
Theorem | abssexg 4155* | Existence of a class of subsets. (Contributed by NM, 15-Jul-2006.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 25-Jul-2011.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → {𝑥 ∣ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝜑)} ∈ V) | ||
Theorem | pwex 4156 | Power set axiom expressed in class notation. (Contributed by NM, 21-Jun-1993.) |
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V ⇒ ⊢ 𝒫 𝐴 ∈ V | ||
Theorem | snexg 4157 | A singleton whose element exists is a set. The 𝐴 ∈ V case of Theorem 7.12 of [Quine] p. 51, proved using only Extensionality, Power Set, and Separation. Replacement is not needed. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 1-Sep-2018.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → {𝐴} ∈ V) | ||
Theorem | snex 4158 | A singleton whose element exists is a set. (Contributed by NM, 7-Aug-1994.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-May-2019.) |
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V ⇒ ⊢ {𝐴} ∈ V | ||
Theorem | snexprc 4159 | A singleton whose element is a proper class is a set. The ¬ 𝐴 ∈ V case of Theorem 7.12 of [Quine] p. 51, proved using only Extensionality, Power Set, and Separation. Replacement is not needed. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 1-Sep-2018.) |
⊢ (¬ 𝐴 ∈ V → {𝐴} ∈ V) | ||
Theorem | notnotsnex 4160 | A singleton is never a proper class. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro and Jim Kingdon, 3-Jul-2022.) |
⊢ ¬ ¬ {𝐴} ∈ V | ||
Theorem | p0ex 4161 | The power set of the empty set (the ordinal 1) is a set. (Contributed by NM, 23-Dec-1993.) |
⊢ {∅} ∈ V | ||
Theorem | pp0ex 4162 | {∅, {∅}} (the ordinal 2) is a set. (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1993.) |
⊢ {∅, {∅}} ∈ V | ||
Theorem | ord3ex 4163 | The ordinal number 3 is a set, proved without the Axiom of Union. (Contributed by NM, 2-May-2009.) |
⊢ {∅, {∅}, {∅, {∅}}} ∈ V | ||
Theorem | dtruarb 4164* | At least two sets exist (or in terms of first-order logic, the universe of discourse has two or more objects). This theorem asserts the existence of two sets which do not equal each other; compare with dtruex 4530 in which we are given a set 𝑦 and go from there to a set 𝑥 which is not equal to it. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 2-Sep-2018.) |
⊢ ∃𝑥∃𝑦 ¬ 𝑥 = 𝑦 | ||
Theorem | pwuni 4165 | A class is a subclass of the power class of its union. Exercise 6(b) of [Enderton] p. 38. (Contributed by NM, 14-Oct-1996.) |
⊢ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝒫 ∪ 𝐴 | ||
Theorem | undifexmid 4166* | Union of complementary parts producing the whole and excluded middle. Although special cases such as undifss 3484 and undifdcss 6879 are provable, the full statement implies excluded middle as shown here. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 16-Jun-2022.) |
⊢ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝑦 ↔ (𝑥 ∪ (𝑦 ∖ 𝑥)) = 𝑦) ⇒ ⊢ (𝜑 ∨ ¬ 𝜑) | ||
Syntax | wem 4167 | Formula for an abbreviation of excluded middle. |
wff EXMID | ||
Definition | df-exmid 4168 |
The expression EXMID will be used as a
readable shorthand for any
form of the law of the excluded middle; this is a useful shorthand
largely because it hides statements of the form "for any
proposition" in
a system which can only quantify over sets, not propositions.
To see how this compares with other ways of expressing excluded middle, compare undifexmid 4166 with exmidundif 4179. The former may be more recognizable as excluded middle because it is in terms of propositions, and the proof may be easier to follow for much the same reason (it just has to show 𝜑 and ¬ 𝜑 in the the relevant parts of the proof). The latter, however, has the key advantage of being able to prove both directions of the biconditional. To state that excluded middle implies a proposition is hard to do gracefully without EXMID, because there is no way to write a hypothesis 𝜑 ∨ ¬ 𝜑 for an arbitrary proposition; instead the hypothesis would need to be the particular instance of excluded middle which that proof needs. Or to say it another way, EXMID implies DECID 𝜑 by exmidexmid 4169 but there is no good way to express the converse. This definition and how we use it is easiest to understand (and most appropriate to assign the name "excluded middle" to) if we assume ax-sep 4094, in which case EXMID means that all propositions are decidable (see exmidexmid 4169 and notice that it relies on ax-sep 4094). If we instead work with ax-bdsep 13607, EXMID as defined here means that all bounded propositions are decidable. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro and Jim Kingdon, 18-Jun-2022.) |
⊢ (EXMID ↔ ∀𝑥(𝑥 ⊆ {∅} → DECID ∅ ∈ 𝑥)) | ||
Theorem | exmidexmid 4169 |
EXMID implies that an arbitrary proposition is decidable. That is,
EXMID captures the usual meaning of excluded middle when stated in terms
of propositions.
To get other propositional statements which are equivalent to excluded middle, combine this with notnotrdc 833, peircedc 904, or condc 843. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 18-Jun-2022.) |
⊢ (EXMID → DECID 𝜑) | ||
Theorem | ss1o0el1 4170 | A subclass of {∅} contains the empty set if and only if it equals {∅}. (Contributed by BJ and Jim Kingdon, 9-Aug-2024.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ {∅} → (∅ ∈ 𝐴 ↔ 𝐴 = {∅})) | ||
Theorem | exmid01 4171 | Excluded middle is equivalent to saying any subset of {∅} is either ∅ or {∅}. (Contributed by BJ and Jim Kingdon, 18-Jun-2022.) |
⊢ (EXMID ↔ ∀𝑥(𝑥 ⊆ {∅} → (𝑥 = ∅ ∨ 𝑥 = {∅}))) | ||
Theorem | pwntru 4172 | A slight strengthening of pwtrufal 13718. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro and Jim Kingdon, 12-Sep-2023.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ⊆ {∅} ∧ 𝐴 ≠ {∅}) → 𝐴 = ∅) | ||
Theorem | exmid1dc 4173* | A convenience theorem for proving that something implies EXMID. Think of this as an alternative to using a proposition, as in proofs like undifexmid 4166 or ordtriexmid 4492. In this context 𝑥 = {∅} can be thought of as "x is true". (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 21-Nov-2023.) |
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ⊆ {∅}) → DECID 𝑥 = {∅}) ⇒ ⊢ (𝜑 → EXMID) | ||
Theorem | exmidn0m 4174* | Excluded middle is equivalent to any set being empty or inhabited. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-Mar-2023.) |
⊢ (EXMID ↔ ∀𝑥(𝑥 = ∅ ∨ ∃𝑦 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥)) | ||
Theorem | exmidsssn 4175* | Excluded middle is equivalent to the biconditionalized version of sssnr 3727 for sets. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-Mar-2023.) |
⊢ (EXMID ↔ ∀𝑥∀𝑦(𝑥 ⊆ {𝑦} ↔ (𝑥 = ∅ ∨ 𝑥 = {𝑦}))) | ||
Theorem | exmidsssnc 4176* | Excluded middle in terms of subsets of a singleton. This is similar to exmid01 4171 but lets you choose any set as the element of the singleton rather than just ∅. It is similar to exmidsssn 4175 but for a particular set 𝐵 rather than all sets. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 29-Jul-2023.) |
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 → (EXMID ↔ ∀𝑥(𝑥 ⊆ {𝐵} → (𝑥 = ∅ ∨ 𝑥 = {𝐵})))) | ||
Theorem | exmid0el 4177 | Excluded middle is equivalent to decidability of ∅ being an element of an arbitrary set. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 18-Jun-2022.) |
⊢ (EXMID ↔ ∀𝑥DECID ∅ ∈ 𝑥) | ||
Theorem | exmidel 4178* | Excluded middle is equivalent to decidability of membership for two arbitrary sets. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 18-Jun-2022.) |
⊢ (EXMID ↔ ∀𝑥∀𝑦DECID 𝑥 ∈ 𝑦) | ||
Theorem | exmidundif 4179* | Excluded middle is equivalent to every subset having a complement. That is, the union of a subset and its relative complement being the whole set. Although special cases such as undifss 3484 and undifdcss 6879 are provable, the full statement is equivalent to excluded middle as shown here. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 18-Jun-2022.) |
⊢ (EXMID ↔ ∀𝑥∀𝑦(𝑥 ⊆ 𝑦 ↔ (𝑥 ∪ (𝑦 ∖ 𝑥)) = 𝑦)) | ||
Theorem | exmidundifim 4180* | Excluded middle is equivalent to every subset having a complement. Variation of exmidundif 4179 with an implication rather than a biconditional. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 16-Feb-2023.) |
⊢ (EXMID ↔ ∀𝑥∀𝑦(𝑥 ⊆ 𝑦 → (𝑥 ∪ (𝑦 ∖ 𝑥)) = 𝑦)) | ||
Axiom | ax-pr 4181* | The Axiom of Pairing of IZF set theory. Axiom 2 of [Crosilla] p. "Axioms of CZF and IZF", except (a) unnecessary quantifiers are removed, and (b) Crosilla has a biconditional rather than an implication (but the two are equivalent by bm1.3ii 4097). (Contributed by NM, 14-Nov-2006.) |
⊢ ∃𝑧∀𝑤((𝑤 = 𝑥 ∨ 𝑤 = 𝑦) → 𝑤 ∈ 𝑧) | ||
Theorem | zfpair2 4182 | Derive the abbreviated version of the Axiom of Pairing from ax-pr 4181. (Contributed by NM, 14-Nov-2006.) |
⊢ {𝑥, 𝑦} ∈ V | ||
Theorem | prexg 4183 | The Axiom of Pairing using class variables. Theorem 7.13 of [Quine] p. 51, but restricted to classes which exist. For proper classes, see prprc 3680, prprc1 3678, and prprc2 3679. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 16-Sep-2018.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊) → {𝐴, 𝐵} ∈ V) | ||
Theorem | snelpwi 4184 | A singleton of a set belongs to the power class of a class containing the set. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 25-Aug-2011.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 → {𝐴} ∈ 𝒫 𝐵) | ||
Theorem | snelpw 4185 | A singleton of a set belongs to the power class of a class containing the set. (Contributed by NM, 1-Apr-1998.) |
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V ⇒ ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 ↔ {𝐴} ∈ 𝒫 𝐵) | ||
Theorem | prelpwi 4186 | A pair of two sets belongs to the power class of a class containing those two sets. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 10-Mar-2017.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐶) → {𝐴, 𝐵} ∈ 𝒫 𝐶) | ||
Theorem | rext 4187* | A theorem similar to extensionality, requiring the existence of a singleton. Exercise 8 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 16. (Contributed by NM, 10-Aug-1993.) |
⊢ (∀𝑧(𝑥 ∈ 𝑧 → 𝑦 ∈ 𝑧) → 𝑥 = 𝑦) | ||
Theorem | sspwb 4188 | Classes are subclasses if and only if their power classes are subclasses. Exercise 18 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 18. (Contributed by NM, 13-Oct-1996.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ↔ 𝒫 𝐴 ⊆ 𝒫 𝐵) | ||
Theorem | unipw 4189 | A class equals the union of its power class. Exercise 6(a) of [Enderton] p. 38. (Contributed by NM, 14-Oct-1996.) (Proof shortened by Alan Sare, 28-Dec-2008.) |
⊢ ∪ 𝒫 𝐴 = 𝐴 | ||
Theorem | pwel 4190 | Membership of a power class. Exercise 10 of [Enderton] p. 26. (Contributed by NM, 13-Jan-2007.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 → 𝒫 𝐴 ∈ 𝒫 𝒫 ∪ 𝐵) | ||
Theorem | pwtr 4191 | A class is transitive iff its power class is transitive. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 25-Aug-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Jun-2014.) |
⊢ (Tr 𝐴 ↔ Tr 𝒫 𝐴) | ||
Theorem | ssextss 4192* | An extensionality-like principle defining subclass in terms of subsets. (Contributed by NM, 30-Jun-2004.) |
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ↔ ∀𝑥(𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 → 𝑥 ⊆ 𝐵)) | ||
Theorem | ssext 4193* | An extensionality-like principle that uses the subset instead of the membership relation: two classes are equal iff they have the same subsets. (Contributed by NM, 30-Jun-2004.) |
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 ↔ ∀𝑥(𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ↔ 𝑥 ⊆ 𝐵)) | ||
Theorem | nssssr 4194* | Negation of subclass relationship. Compare nssr 3197. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 17-Sep-2018.) |
⊢ (∃𝑥(𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ¬ 𝑥 ⊆ 𝐵) → ¬ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵) | ||
Theorem | pweqb 4195 | Classes are equal if and only if their power classes are equal. Exercise 19 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 18. (Contributed by NM, 13-Oct-1996.) |
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 ↔ 𝒫 𝐴 = 𝒫 𝐵) | ||
Theorem | intid 4196* | The intersection of all sets to which a set belongs is the singleton of that set. (Contributed by NM, 5-Jun-2009.) |
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V ⇒ ⊢ ∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑥} = {𝐴} | ||
Theorem | euabex 4197 | The abstraction of a wff with existential uniqueness exists. (Contributed by NM, 25-Nov-1994.) |
⊢ (∃!𝑥𝜑 → {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} ∈ V) | ||
Theorem | mss 4198* | An inhabited class (even if proper) has an inhabited subset. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 17-Sep-2018.) |
⊢ (∃𝑦 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 → ∃𝑥(𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∃𝑧 𝑧 ∈ 𝑥)) | ||
Theorem | exss 4199* | Restricted existence in a class (even if proper) implies restricted existence in a subset. (Contributed by NM, 23-Aug-2003.) |
⊢ (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 → ∃𝑦(𝑦 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 𝜑)) | ||
Theorem | opexg 4200 | An ordered pair of sets is a set. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 11-Jan-2019.) |
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊) → 〈𝐴, 𝐵〉 ∈ V) |
< Previous Next > |
Copyright terms: Public domain | < Previous Next > |