P. 148 of Theorem List - Intuitionistic Logic Explorer

Theorem List for Intuitionistic Logic Explorer - 14701-14800   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	metdmdm 14701	Recover the base set from a metric. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) → 𝑋 = dom dom 𝐷)
Theorem	xmetunirn 14702	Two ways to express an extended metric on an unspecified base. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ ∪ ran ∞Met ↔ 𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘dom dom 𝐷))
Theorem	xmeteq0 14703	The value of an extended metric is zero iff its arguments are equal. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋) → ((𝐴𝐷𝐵) = 0 ↔ 𝐴 = 𝐵))
Theorem	meteq0 14704	The value of a metric is zero iff its arguments are equal. Property M2 of [Kreyszig] p. 4. (Contributed by NM, 30-Aug-2006.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋) → ((𝐴𝐷𝐵) = 0 ↔ 𝐴 = 𝐵))
Theorem	xmettri2 14705	Triangle inequality for the distance function of an extended metric. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝐴𝐷𝐵) ≤ ((𝐶𝐷𝐴) +𝑒 (𝐶𝐷𝐵)))
Theorem	mettri2 14706	Triangle inequality for the distance function of a metric space. (Contributed by NM, 30-Aug-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 20-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝐴𝐷𝐵) ≤ ((𝐶𝐷𝐴) + (𝐶𝐷𝐵)))
Theorem	xmet0 14707	The distance function of a metric space is zero if its arguments are equal. Definition 14-1.1(a) of [Gleason] p. 223. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐴𝐷𝐴) = 0)
Theorem	met0 14708	The distance function of a metric space is zero if its arguments are equal. Definition 14-1.1(a) of [Gleason] p. 223. (Contributed by NM, 30-Aug-2006.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐴𝐷𝐴) = 0)
Theorem	xmetge0 14709	The distance function of a metric space is nonnegative. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋) → 0 ≤ (𝐴𝐷𝐵))
Theorem	metge0 14710	The distance function of a metric space is nonnegative. (Contributed by NM, 27-Aug-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 14-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋) → 0 ≤ (𝐴𝐷𝐵))
Theorem	xmetlecl 14711	Real closure of an extended metric value that is upper bounded by a real. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ ℝ ∧ (𝐴𝐷𝐵) ≤ 𝐶)) → (𝐴𝐷𝐵) ∈ ℝ)
Theorem	xmetsym 14712	The distance function of an extended metric space is symmetric. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐴𝐷𝐵) = (𝐵𝐷𝐴))
Theorem	xmetpsmet 14713	An extended metric is a pseudometric. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 7-Feb-2018.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) → 𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋))
Theorem	xmettpos 14714	The distance function of an extended metric space is symmetric. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) → tpos 𝐷 = 𝐷)
Theorem	metsym 14715	The distance function of a metric space is symmetric. Definition 14-1.1(c) of [Gleason] p. 223. (Contributed by NM, 27-Aug-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 20-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐴𝐷𝐵) = (𝐵𝐷𝐴))
Theorem	xmettri 14716	Triangle inequality for the distance function of a metric space. Definition 14-1.1(d) of [Gleason] p. 223. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝐴𝐷𝐵) ≤ ((𝐴𝐷𝐶) +𝑒 (𝐶𝐷𝐵)))
Theorem	mettri 14717	Triangle inequality for the distance function of a metric space. Definition 14-1.1(d) of [Gleason] p. 223. (Contributed by NM, 27-Aug-2006.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝐴𝐷𝐵) ≤ ((𝐴𝐷𝐶) + (𝐶𝐷𝐵)))
Theorem	xmettri3 14718	Triangle inequality for the distance function of an extended metric. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝐴𝐷𝐵) ≤ ((𝐴𝐷𝐶) +𝑒 (𝐵𝐷𝐶)))
Theorem	mettri3 14719	Triangle inequality for the distance function of a metric space. (Contributed by NM, 13-Mar-2007.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝐴𝐷𝐵) ≤ ((𝐴𝐷𝐶) + (𝐵𝐷𝐶)))
Theorem	xmetrtri 14720	One half of the reverse triangle inequality for the distance function of an extended metric. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Sep-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)) → ((𝐴𝐷𝐶) +𝑒 -𝑒(𝐵𝐷𝐶)) ≤ (𝐴𝐷𝐵))
Theorem	metrtri 14721	Reverse triangle inequality for the distance function of a metric space. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 5-May-2014.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 21-Apr-2023.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)) → (abs‘((𝐴𝐷𝐶) − (𝐵𝐷𝐶))) ≤ (𝐴𝐷𝐵))
Theorem	metn0 14722	A metric space is nonempty iff its base set is nonempty. (Contributed by NM, 4-Oct-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 14-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) → (𝐷 ≠ ∅ ↔ 𝑋 ≠ ∅))
Theorem	xmetres2 14723	Restriction of an extended metric. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑅 ⊆ 𝑋) → (𝐷 ↾ (𝑅 × 𝑅)) ∈ (∞Met‘𝑅))
Theorem	metreslem 14724	Lemma for metres 14727. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (dom 𝐷 = (𝑋 × 𝑋) → (𝐷 ↾ (𝑅 × 𝑅)) = (𝐷 ↾ ((𝑋 ∩ 𝑅) × (𝑋 ∩ 𝑅))))
Theorem	metres2 14725	Lemma for metres 14727. (Contributed by FL, 12-Oct-2006.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 14-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑅 ⊆ 𝑋) → (𝐷 ↾ (𝑅 × 𝑅)) ∈ (Met‘𝑅))
Theorem	xmetres 14726	A restriction of an extended metric is an extended metric. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) → (𝐷 ↾ (𝑅 × 𝑅)) ∈ (∞Met‘(𝑋 ∩ 𝑅)))
Theorem	metres 14727	A restriction of a metric is a metric. (Contributed by NM, 26-Aug-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 14-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) → (𝐷 ↾ (𝑅 × 𝑅)) ∈ (Met‘(𝑋 ∩ 𝑅)))
Theorem	0met 14728	The empty metric. (Contributed by NM, 30-Aug-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 14-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ∅ ∈ (Met‘∅)
9.2.3  Metric space balls
Theorem	blfvalps 14729*	The value of the ball function. (Contributed by NM, 30-Aug-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 11-Nov-2013.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 11-Feb-2018.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋) → (ball‘𝐷) = (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, 𝑟 ∈ ℝ* ↦ {𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∣ (𝑥𝐷𝑦) < 𝑟}))
Theorem	blfval 14730*	The value of the ball function. (Contributed by NM, 30-Aug-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 11-Nov-2013.) (Proof shortened by Thierry Arnoux, 11-Feb-2018.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) → (ball‘𝐷) = (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, 𝑟 ∈ ℝ* ↦ {𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∣ (𝑥𝐷𝑦) < 𝑟}))
Theorem	blex 14731	A ball is a set. Also see blfn 14185 in case you just know 𝐷 is a set, not 𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋). (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 4-May-2023.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) → (ball‘𝐷) ∈ V)
Theorem	blvalps 14732*	The ball around a point 𝑃 is the set of all points whose distance from 𝑃 is less than the ball's radius 𝑅. (Contributed by NM, 31-Aug-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 11-Nov-2013.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 11-Mar-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*) → (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∣ (𝑃𝐷𝑥) < 𝑅})
Theorem	blval 14733*	The ball around a point 𝑃 is the set of all points whose distance from 𝑃 is less than the ball's radius 𝑅. (Contributed by NM, 31-Aug-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 11-Nov-2013.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*) → (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∣ (𝑃𝐷𝑥) < 𝑅})
Theorem	elblps 14734	Membership in a ball. (Contributed by NM, 2-Sep-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 11-Nov-2013.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 11-Mar-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*) → (𝐴 ∈ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ↔ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ (𝑃𝐷𝐴) < 𝑅)))
Theorem	elbl 14735	Membership in a ball. (Contributed by NM, 2-Sep-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 11-Nov-2013.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*) → (𝐴 ∈ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ↔ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ (𝑃𝐷𝐴) < 𝑅)))
Theorem	elbl2ps 14736	Membership in a ball. (Contributed by NM, 9-Mar-2007.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 11-Mar-2018.)
⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*) ∧ (𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝐴 ∈ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ↔ (𝑃𝐷𝐴) < 𝑅))
Theorem	elbl2 14737	Membership in a ball. (Contributed by NM, 9-Mar-2007.)
⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*) ∧ (𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝐴 ∈ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ↔ (𝑃𝐷𝐴) < 𝑅))
Theorem	elbl3ps 14738	Membership in a ball, with reversed distance function arguments. (Contributed by NM, 10-Nov-2007.)
⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*) ∧ (𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝐴 ∈ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ↔ (𝐴𝐷𝑃) < 𝑅))
Theorem	elbl3 14739	Membership in a ball, with reversed distance function arguments. (Contributed by NM, 10-Nov-2007.)
⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*) ∧ (𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝐴 ∈ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ↔ (𝐴𝐷𝑃) < 𝑅))
Theorem	blcomps 14740	Commute the arguments to the ball function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 22-Jan-2014.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 11-Mar-2018.)
⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*) ∧ (𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝐴 ∈ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ↔ 𝑃 ∈ (𝐴(ball‘𝐷)𝑅)))
Theorem	blcom 14741	Commute the arguments to the ball function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 22-Jan-2014.)
⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*) ∧ (𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝐴 ∈ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ↔ 𝑃 ∈ (𝐴(ball‘𝐷)𝑅)))
Theorem	xblpnfps 14742	The infinity ball in an extended metric is the set of all points that are a finite distance from the center. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Aug-2015.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 11-Mar-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐴 ∈ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)+∞) ↔ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ (𝑃𝐷𝐴) ∈ ℝ)))
Theorem	xblpnf 14743	The infinity ball in an extended metric is the set of all points that are a finite distance from the center. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐴 ∈ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)+∞) ↔ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ (𝑃𝐷𝐴) ∈ ℝ)))
Theorem	blpnf 14744	The infinity ball in a standard metric is just the whole space. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)+∞) = 𝑋)
Theorem	bldisj 14745	Two balls are disjoint if the center-to-center distance is more than the sum of the radii. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 30-Dec-2013.)
⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑄 ∈ 𝑋) ∧ (𝑅 ∈ ℝ* ∧ 𝑆 ∈ ℝ* ∧ (𝑅 +𝑒 𝑆) ≤ (𝑃𝐷𝑄))) → ((𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ∩ (𝑄(ball‘𝐷)𝑆)) = ∅)
Theorem	blgt0 14746	A nonempty ball implies that the radius is positive. (Contributed by NM, 11-Mar-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅)) → 0 < 𝑅)
Theorem	bl2in 14747	Two balls are disjoint if they don't overlap. (Contributed by NM, 11-Mar-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑄 ∈ 𝑋) ∧ (𝑅 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑅 ≤ ((𝑃𝐷𝑄) / 2))) → ((𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ∩ (𝑄(ball‘𝐷)𝑅)) = ∅)
Theorem	xblss2ps 14748	One ball is contained in another if the center-to-center distance is less than the difference of the radii. In this version of blss2 14751 for extended metrics, we have to assume the balls are a finite distance apart, or else 𝑃 will not even be in the infinity ball around 𝑄. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Aug-2015.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 11-Mar-2018.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ ℝ*)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑃𝐷𝑄) ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑃𝐷𝑄) ≤ (𝑆 +𝑒 -𝑒𝑅))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ⊆ (𝑄(ball‘𝐷)𝑆))
Theorem	xblss2 14749	One ball is contained in another if the center-to-center distance is less than the difference of the radii. In this version of blss2 14751 for extended metrics, we have to assume the balls are a finite distance apart, or else 𝑃 will not even be in the infinity ball around 𝑄. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ ℝ*)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑃𝐷𝑄) ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑃𝐷𝑄) ≤ (𝑆 +𝑒 -𝑒𝑅))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ⊆ (𝑄(ball‘𝐷)𝑆))
Theorem	blss2ps 14750	One ball is contained in another if the center-to-center distance is less than the difference of the radii. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Jan-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Aug-2015.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 11-Mar-2018.)
⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑄 ∈ 𝑋) ∧ (𝑅 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑆 ∈ ℝ ∧ (𝑃𝐷𝑄) ≤ (𝑆 − 𝑅))) → (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ⊆ (𝑄(ball‘𝐷)𝑆))
Theorem	blss2 14751	One ball is contained in another if the center-to-center distance is less than the difference of the radii. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Jan-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑄 ∈ 𝑋) ∧ (𝑅 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑆 ∈ ℝ ∧ (𝑃𝐷𝑄) ≤ (𝑆 − 𝑅))) → (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ⊆ (𝑄(ball‘𝐷)𝑆))
Theorem	blhalf 14752	A ball of radius 𝑅 / 2 is contained in a ball of radius 𝑅 centered at any point inside the smaller ball. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 14-Jan-2014.)
⊢ (((𝑀 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑋) ∧ (𝑅 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑍 ∈ (𝑌(ball‘𝑀)(𝑅 / 2)))) → (𝑌(ball‘𝑀)(𝑅 / 2)) ⊆ (𝑍(ball‘𝑀)𝑅))
Theorem	blfps 14753	Mapping of a ball. (Contributed by NM, 7-May-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Aug-2015.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 11-Mar-2018.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋) → (ball‘𝐷):(𝑋 × ℝ*)⟶𝒫 𝑋)
Theorem	blf 14754	Mapping of a ball. (Contributed by NM, 7-May-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) → (ball‘𝐷):(𝑋 × ℝ*)⟶𝒫 𝑋)
Theorem	blrnps 14755*	Membership in the range of the ball function. Note that ran (ball‘𝐷) is the collection of all balls for metric 𝐷. (Contributed by NM, 31-Aug-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 11-Mar-2018.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋) → (𝐴 ∈ ran (ball‘𝐷) ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∃𝑟 ∈ ℝ* 𝐴 = (𝑥(ball‘𝐷)𝑟)))
Theorem	blrn 14756*	Membership in the range of the ball function. Note that ran (ball‘𝐷) is the collection of all balls for metric 𝐷. (Contributed by NM, 31-Aug-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) → (𝐴 ∈ ran (ball‘𝐷) ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∃𝑟 ∈ ℝ* 𝐴 = (𝑥(ball‘𝐷)𝑟)))
Theorem	xblcntrps 14757	A ball contains its center. (Contributed by NM, 2-Sep-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 11-Mar-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ (𝑅 ∈ ℝ* ∧ 0 < 𝑅)) → 𝑃 ∈ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅))
Theorem	xblcntr 14758	A ball contains its center. (Contributed by NM, 2-Sep-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ (𝑅 ∈ ℝ* ∧ 0 < 𝑅)) → 𝑃 ∈ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅))
Theorem	blcntrps 14759	A ball contains its center. (Contributed by NM, 2-Sep-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 11-Mar-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ+) → 𝑃 ∈ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅))
Theorem	blcntr 14760	A ball contains its center. (Contributed by NM, 2-Sep-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ+) → 𝑃 ∈ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅))
Theorem	xblm 14761*	A ball is inhabited iff the radius is positive. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*) → (∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ↔ 0 < 𝑅))
Theorem	bln0 14762	A ball is not empty. It is also inhabited, as seen at blcntr 14760. (Contributed by NM, 6-Oct-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ+) → (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ≠ ∅)
Theorem	blelrnps 14763	A ball belongs to the set of balls of a metric space. (Contributed by NM, 2-Sep-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 11-Mar-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*) → (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ∈ ran (ball‘𝐷))
Theorem	blelrn 14764	A ball belongs to the set of balls of a metric space. (Contributed by NM, 2-Sep-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*) → (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ∈ ran (ball‘𝐷))
Theorem	blssm 14765	A ball is a subset of the base set of a metric space. (Contributed by NM, 31-Aug-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*) → (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ⊆ 𝑋)
Theorem	unirnblps 14766	The union of the set of balls of a metric space is its base set. (Contributed by NM, 12-Sep-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 11-Mar-2018.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋) → ∪ ran (ball‘𝐷) = 𝑋)
Theorem	unirnbl 14767	The union of the set of balls of a metric space is its base set. (Contributed by NM, 12-Sep-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) → ∪ ran (ball‘𝐷) = 𝑋)
Theorem	blininf 14768	The intersection of two balls with the same center is the smaller of them. (Contributed by NM, 1-Sep-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.)
⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋) ∧ (𝑅 ∈ ℝ* ∧ 𝑆 ∈ ℝ*)) → ((𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ∩ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑆)) = (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)inf({𝑅, 𝑆}, ℝ*, < )))
Theorem	ssblps 14769	The size of a ball increases monotonically with its radius. (Contributed by NM, 20-Sep-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Aug-2015.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 11-Mar-2018.)
⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋) ∧ (𝑅 ∈ ℝ* ∧ 𝑆 ∈ ℝ*) ∧ 𝑅 ≤ 𝑆) → (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ⊆ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑆))
Theorem	ssbl 14770	The size of a ball increases monotonically with its radius. (Contributed by NM, 20-Sep-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋) ∧ (𝑅 ∈ ℝ* ∧ 𝑆 ∈ ℝ*) ∧ 𝑅 ≤ 𝑆) → (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ⊆ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑆))
Theorem	blssps 14771*	Any point 𝑃 in a ball 𝐵 can be centered in another ball that is a subset of 𝐵. (Contributed by NM, 31-Aug-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Aug-2015.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 11-Mar-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ran (ball‘𝐷) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝐵) → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑥) ⊆ 𝐵)
Theorem	blss 14772*	Any point 𝑃 in a ball 𝐵 can be centered in another ball that is a subset of 𝐵. (Contributed by NM, 31-Aug-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ran (ball‘𝐷) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝐵) → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑥) ⊆ 𝐵)
Theorem	blssexps 14773*	Two ways to express the existence of a ball subset. (Contributed by NM, 5-May-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 11-Mar-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋) → (∃𝑥 ∈ ran (ball‘𝐷)(𝑃 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ 𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴) ↔ ∃𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑟) ⊆ 𝐴))
Theorem	blssex 14774*	Two ways to express the existence of a ball subset. (Contributed by NM, 5-May-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋) → (∃𝑥 ∈ ran (ball‘𝐷)(𝑃 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ 𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴) ↔ ∃𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑟) ⊆ 𝐴))
Theorem	ssblex 14775*	A nested ball exists whose radius is less than any desired amount. (Contributed by NM, 20-Sep-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.)
⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋) ∧ (𝑅 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑆 ∈ ℝ+)) → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ (𝑥 < 𝑅 ∧ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑥) ⊆ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑆)))
Theorem	blin2 14776*	Given any two balls and a point in their intersection, there is a ball contained in the intersection with the given center point. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.)
⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)) ∧ (𝐵 ∈ ran (ball‘𝐷) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ran (ball‘𝐷))) → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑥) ⊆ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶))
Theorem	blbas 14777	The balls of a metric space form a basis for a topology. (Contributed by NM, 12-Sep-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Jan-2014.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) → ran (ball‘𝐷) ∈ TopBases)
Theorem	blres 14778	A ball in a restricted metric space. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 5-Jan-2014.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (𝐷 ↾ (𝑌 × 𝑌))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ (𝑋 ∩ 𝑌) ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*) → (𝑃(ball‘𝐶)𝑅) = ((𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ∩ 𝑌))
Theorem	xmeterval 14779	Value of the "finitely separated" relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ∼ = (◡𝐷 “ ℝ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) → (𝐴 ∼ 𝐵 ↔ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ (𝐴𝐷𝐵) ∈ ℝ)))
Theorem	xmeter 14780	The "finitely separated" relation is an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ∼ = (◡𝐷 “ ℝ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) → ∼ Er 𝑋)
Theorem	xmetec 14781	The equivalence classes under the finite separation equivalence relation are infinity balls. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ∼ = (◡𝐷 “ ℝ)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋) → [𝑃] ∼ = (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)+∞))
Theorem	blssec 14782	A ball centered at 𝑃 is contained in the set of points finitely separated from 𝑃. This is just an application of ssbl 14770 to the infinity ball. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ∼ = (◡𝐷 “ ℝ)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑆 ∈ ℝ*) → (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑆) ⊆ [𝑃] ∼ )
Theorem	blpnfctr 14783	The infinity ball in an extended metric acts like an ultrametric ball in that every point in the ball is also its center. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)+∞)) → (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)+∞) = (𝐴(ball‘𝐷)+∞))
Theorem	xmetresbl 14784	An extended metric restricted to any ball (in particular the infinity ball) is a proper metric. Together with xmetec 14781, this shows that any extended metric space can be "factored" into the disjoint union of proper metric spaces, with points in the same region measured by that region's metric, and points in different regions being distance +∞ from each other. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Aug-2015.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*) → (𝐷 ↾ (𝐵 × 𝐵)) ∈ (Met‘𝐵))
9.2.4  Open sets of a metric space
Theorem	mopnrel 14785	The class of open sets of a metric space is a relation. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-May-2023.)
⊢ Rel MetOpen
Theorem	mopnval 14786	An open set is a subset of a metric space which includes a ball around each of its points. Definition 1.3-2 of [Kreyszig] p. 18. The object (MetOpen‘𝐷) is the family of all open sets in the metric space determined by the metric 𝐷. By mopntop 14788, the open sets of a metric space form a topology 𝐽, whose base set is ∪ 𝐽 by mopnuni 14789. (Contributed by NM, 1-Sep-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (MetOpen‘𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) → 𝐽 = (topGen‘ran (ball‘𝐷)))
Theorem	mopntopon 14787	The set of open sets of a metric space 𝑋 is a topology on 𝑋. Remark in [Kreyszig] p. 19. This theorem connects the two concepts and makes available the theorems for topologies for use with metric spaces. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Aug-2015.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (MetOpen‘𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) → 𝐽 ∈ (TopOn‘𝑋))
Theorem	mopntop 14788	The set of open sets of a metric space is a topology. (Contributed by NM, 28-Aug-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (MetOpen‘𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) → 𝐽 ∈ Top)
Theorem	mopnuni 14789	The union of all open sets in a metric space is its underlying set. (Contributed by NM, 4-Sep-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (MetOpen‘𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) → 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽)
Theorem	elmopn 14790*	The defining property of an open set of a metric space. (Contributed by NM, 1-Sep-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (MetOpen‘𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) → (𝐴 ∈ 𝐽 ↔ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝑋 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ ran (ball‘𝐷)(𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 ∧ 𝑦 ⊆ 𝐴))))
Theorem	mopnfss 14791	The family of open sets of a metric space is a collection of subsets of the base set. (Contributed by NM, 3-Sep-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (MetOpen‘𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) → 𝐽 ⊆ 𝒫 𝑋)
Theorem	mopnm 14792	The base set of a metric space is open. Part of Theorem T1 of [Kreyszig] p. 19. (Contributed by NM, 4-Sep-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (MetOpen‘𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐽)
Theorem	elmopn2 14793*	A defining property of an open set of a metric space. (Contributed by NM, 5-May-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Nov-2013.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (MetOpen‘𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) → (𝐴 ∈ 𝐽 ↔ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝑋 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ ℝ+ (𝑥(ball‘𝐷)𝑦) ⊆ 𝐴)))
Theorem	mopnss 14794	An open set of a metric space is a subspace of its base set. (Contributed by NM, 3-Sep-2006.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (MetOpen‘𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝐽) → 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑋)
Theorem	isxms 14795	Express the predicate "⟨𝑋, 𝐷⟩ is an extended metric space" with underlying set 𝑋 and distance function 𝐷. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (TopOpen‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = ((dist‘𝐾) ↾ (𝑋 × 𝑋))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐾 ∈ ∞MetSp ↔ (𝐾 ∈ TopSp ∧ 𝐽 = (MetOpen‘𝐷)))
Theorem	isxms2 14796	Express the predicate "⟨𝑋, 𝐷⟩ is an extended metric space" with underlying set 𝑋 and distance function 𝐷. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (TopOpen‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = ((dist‘𝐾) ↾ (𝑋 × 𝑋))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐾 ∈ ∞MetSp ↔ (𝐷 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝐽 = (MetOpen‘𝐷)))
Theorem	isms 14797	Express the predicate "⟨𝑋, 𝐷⟩ is a metric space" with underlying set 𝑋 and distance function 𝐷. (Contributed by NM, 27-Aug-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Aug-2015.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (TopOpen‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = ((dist‘𝐾) ↾ (𝑋 × 𝑋))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐾 ∈ MetSp ↔ (𝐾 ∈ ∞MetSp ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋)))
Theorem	isms2 14798	Express the predicate "⟨𝑋, 𝐷⟩ is a metric space" with underlying set 𝑋 and distance function 𝐷. (Contributed by NM, 27-Aug-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Aug-2015.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (TopOpen‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = ((dist‘𝐾) ↾ (𝑋 × 𝑋))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐾 ∈ MetSp ↔ (𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝐽 = (MetOpen‘𝐷)))
Theorem	xmstopn 14799	The topology component of an extended metric space coincides with the topology generated by the metric component. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Aug-2015.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (TopOpen‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = ((dist‘𝐾) ↾ (𝑋 × 𝑋))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐾 ∈ ∞MetSp → 𝐽 = (MetOpen‘𝐷))
Theorem	mstopn 14800	The topology component of a metric space coincides with the topology generated by the metric component. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Aug-2015.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (TopOpen‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = ((dist‘𝐾) ↾ (𝑋 × 𝑋))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐾 ∈ MetSp → 𝐽 = (MetOpen‘𝐷))