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Theorem List for Intuitionistic Logic Explorer - 12301-12400   *Has distinct variable group(s)
TypeLabelDescription
Statement
 
Theorempythagtriplem10 12301 Lemma for pythagtrip 12315. Show that 𝐶𝐵 is positive. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 17-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
(((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℕ) ∧ ((𝐴↑2) + (𝐵↑2)) = (𝐶↑2)) → 0 < (𝐶𝐵))
 
Theorempythagtriplem6 12302 Lemma for pythagtrip 12315. Calculate (√‘(𝐶𝐵)). (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
(((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℕ) ∧ ((𝐴↑2) + (𝐵↑2)) = (𝐶↑2) ∧ ((𝐴 gcd 𝐵) = 1 ∧ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝐴)) → (√‘(𝐶𝐵)) = ((𝐶𝐵) gcd 𝐴))
 
Theorempythagtriplem7 12303 Lemma for pythagtrip 12315. Calculate (√‘(𝐶 + 𝐵)). (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
(((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℕ) ∧ ((𝐴↑2) + (𝐵↑2)) = (𝐶↑2) ∧ ((𝐴 gcd 𝐵) = 1 ∧ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝐴)) → (√‘(𝐶 + 𝐵)) = ((𝐶 + 𝐵) gcd 𝐴))
 
Theorempythagtriplem8 12304 Lemma for pythagtrip 12315. Show that (√‘(𝐶𝐵)) is a positive integer. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 17-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
(((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℕ) ∧ ((𝐴↑2) + (𝐵↑2)) = (𝐶↑2) ∧ ((𝐴 gcd 𝐵) = 1 ∧ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝐴)) → (√‘(𝐶𝐵)) ∈ ℕ)
 
Theorempythagtriplem9 12305 Lemma for pythagtrip 12315. Show that (√‘(𝐶 + 𝐵)) is a positive integer. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 17-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
(((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℕ) ∧ ((𝐴↑2) + (𝐵↑2)) = (𝐶↑2) ∧ ((𝐴 gcd 𝐵) = 1 ∧ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝐴)) → (√‘(𝐶 + 𝐵)) ∈ ℕ)
 
Theorempythagtriplem11 12306 Lemma for pythagtrip 12315. Show that 𝑀 (which will eventually be closely related to the 𝑚 in the final statement) is a natural. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 17-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
𝑀 = (((√‘(𝐶 + 𝐵)) + (√‘(𝐶𝐵))) / 2)       (((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℕ) ∧ ((𝐴↑2) + (𝐵↑2)) = (𝐶↑2) ∧ ((𝐴 gcd 𝐵) = 1 ∧ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝐴)) → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)
 
Theorempythagtriplem12 12307 Lemma for pythagtrip 12315. Calculate the square of 𝑀. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 17-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
𝑀 = (((√‘(𝐶 + 𝐵)) + (√‘(𝐶𝐵))) / 2)       (((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℕ) ∧ ((𝐴↑2) + (𝐵↑2)) = (𝐶↑2) ∧ ((𝐴 gcd 𝐵) = 1 ∧ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝐴)) → (𝑀↑2) = ((𝐶 + 𝐴) / 2))
 
Theorempythagtriplem13 12308 Lemma for pythagtrip 12315. Show that 𝑁 (which will eventually be closely related to the 𝑛 in the final statement) is a natural. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 17-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
𝑁 = (((√‘(𝐶 + 𝐵)) − (√‘(𝐶𝐵))) / 2)       (((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℕ) ∧ ((𝐴↑2) + (𝐵↑2)) = (𝐶↑2) ∧ ((𝐴 gcd 𝐵) = 1 ∧ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝐴)) → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ)
 
Theorempythagtriplem14 12309 Lemma for pythagtrip 12315. Calculate the square of 𝑁. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 17-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
𝑁 = (((√‘(𝐶 + 𝐵)) − (√‘(𝐶𝐵))) / 2)       (((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℕ) ∧ ((𝐴↑2) + (𝐵↑2)) = (𝐶↑2) ∧ ((𝐴 gcd 𝐵) = 1 ∧ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝐴)) → (𝑁↑2) = ((𝐶𝐴) / 2))
 
Theorempythagtriplem15 12310 Lemma for pythagtrip 12315. Show the relationship between 𝑀, 𝑁, and 𝐴. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 17-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
𝑀 = (((√‘(𝐶 + 𝐵)) + (√‘(𝐶𝐵))) / 2)    &   𝑁 = (((√‘(𝐶 + 𝐵)) − (√‘(𝐶𝐵))) / 2)       (((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℕ) ∧ ((𝐴↑2) + (𝐵↑2)) = (𝐶↑2) ∧ ((𝐴 gcd 𝐵) = 1 ∧ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝐴)) → 𝐴 = ((𝑀↑2) − (𝑁↑2)))
 
Theorempythagtriplem16 12311 Lemma for pythagtrip 12315. Show the relationship between 𝑀, 𝑁, and 𝐵. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 17-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
𝑀 = (((√‘(𝐶 + 𝐵)) + (√‘(𝐶𝐵))) / 2)    &   𝑁 = (((√‘(𝐶 + 𝐵)) − (√‘(𝐶𝐵))) / 2)       (((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℕ) ∧ ((𝐴↑2) + (𝐵↑2)) = (𝐶↑2) ∧ ((𝐴 gcd 𝐵) = 1 ∧ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝐴)) → 𝐵 = (2 · (𝑀 · 𝑁)))
 
Theorempythagtriplem17 12312 Lemma for pythagtrip 12315. Show the relationship between 𝑀, 𝑁, and 𝐶. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 17-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
𝑀 = (((√‘(𝐶 + 𝐵)) + (√‘(𝐶𝐵))) / 2)    &   𝑁 = (((√‘(𝐶 + 𝐵)) − (√‘(𝐶𝐵))) / 2)       (((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℕ) ∧ ((𝐴↑2) + (𝐵↑2)) = (𝐶↑2) ∧ ((𝐴 gcd 𝐵) = 1 ∧ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝐴)) → 𝐶 = ((𝑀↑2) + (𝑁↑2)))
 
Theorempythagtriplem18 12313* Lemma for pythagtrip 12315. Wrap the previous 𝑀 and 𝑁 up in quantifiers. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
(((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℕ) ∧ ((𝐴↑2) + (𝐵↑2)) = (𝐶↑2) ∧ ((𝐴 gcd 𝐵) = 1 ∧ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝐴)) → ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑚 ∈ ℕ (𝐴 = ((𝑚↑2) − (𝑛↑2)) ∧ 𝐵 = (2 · (𝑚 · 𝑛)) ∧ 𝐶 = ((𝑚↑2) + (𝑛↑2))))
 
Theorempythagtriplem19 12314* Lemma for pythagtrip 12315. Introduce 𝑘 and remove the relative primality requirement. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
(((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℕ) ∧ ((𝐴↑2) + (𝐵↑2)) = (𝐶↑2) ∧ ¬ 2 ∥ (𝐴 / (𝐴 gcd 𝐵))) → ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℕ (𝐴 = (𝑘 · ((𝑚↑2) − (𝑛↑2))) ∧ 𝐵 = (𝑘 · (2 · (𝑚 · 𝑛))) ∧ 𝐶 = (𝑘 · ((𝑚↑2) + (𝑛↑2)))))
 
Theorempythagtrip 12315* Parameterize the Pythagorean triples. If 𝐴, 𝐵, and 𝐶 are naturals, then they obey the Pythagorean triple formula iff they are parameterized by three naturals. This proof follows the Isabelle proof at http://afp.sourceforge.net/entries/Fermat3_4.shtml. This is Metamath 100 proof #23. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 19-Apr-2014.)
((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℕ) → (((𝐴↑2) + (𝐵↑2)) = (𝐶↑2) ↔ ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℕ ({𝐴, 𝐵} = {(𝑘 · ((𝑚↑2) − (𝑛↑2))), (𝑘 · (2 · (𝑚 · 𝑛)))} ∧ 𝐶 = (𝑘 · ((𝑚↑2) + (𝑛↑2))))))
 
5.2.8  The prime count function
 
Syntaxcpc 12316 Extend class notation with the prime count function.
class pCnt
 
Definitiondf-pc 12317* Define the prime count function, which returns the largest exponent of a given prime (or other positive integer) that divides the number. For rational numbers, it returns negative values according to the power of a prime in the denominator. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.)
pCnt = (𝑝 ∈ ℙ, 𝑟 ∈ ℚ ↦ if(𝑟 = 0, +∞, (℩𝑧𝑥 ∈ ℤ ∃𝑦 ∈ ℕ (𝑟 = (𝑥 / 𝑦) ∧ 𝑧 = (sup({𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑝𝑛) ∥ 𝑥}, ℝ, < ) − sup({𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑝𝑛) ∥ 𝑦}, ℝ, < ))))))
 
Theorempclem0 12318* Lemma for the prime power pre-function's properties. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 7-Oct-2024.)
𝐴 = {𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑃𝑛) ∥ 𝑁}       ((𝑃 ∈ (ℤ‘2) ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ≠ 0)) → 0 ∈ 𝐴)
 
Theorempclemub 12319* Lemma for the prime power pre-function's properties. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 7-Oct-2024.)
𝐴 = {𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑃𝑛) ∥ 𝑁}       ((𝑃 ∈ (ℤ‘2) ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ≠ 0)) → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℤ ∀𝑦𝐴 𝑦𝑥)
 
Theorempclemdc 12320* Lemma for the prime power pre-function's properties. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 8-Oct-2024.)
𝐴 = {𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑃𝑛) ∥ 𝑁}       ((𝑃 ∈ (ℤ‘2) ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ≠ 0)) → ∀𝑥 ∈ ℤ DECID 𝑥𝐴)
 
Theorempcprecl 12321* Closure of the prime power pre-function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.)
𝐴 = {𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑃𝑛) ∥ 𝑁}    &   𝑆 = sup(𝐴, ℝ, < )       ((𝑃 ∈ (ℤ‘2) ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ≠ 0)) → (𝑆 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ (𝑃𝑆) ∥ 𝑁))
 
Theorempcprendvds 12322* Non-divisibility property of the prime power pre-function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.)
𝐴 = {𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑃𝑛) ∥ 𝑁}    &   𝑆 = sup(𝐴, ℝ, < )       ((𝑃 ∈ (ℤ‘2) ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ≠ 0)) → ¬ (𝑃↑(𝑆 + 1)) ∥ 𝑁)
 
Theorempcprendvds2 12323* Non-divisibility property of the prime power pre-function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.)
𝐴 = {𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑃𝑛) ∥ 𝑁}    &   𝑆 = sup(𝐴, ℝ, < )       ((𝑃 ∈ (ℤ‘2) ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ≠ 0)) → ¬ 𝑃 ∥ (𝑁 / (𝑃𝑆)))
 
Theorempcpre1 12324* Value of the prime power pre-function at 1. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Apr-2016.)
𝐴 = {𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑃𝑛) ∥ 𝑁}    &   𝑆 = sup(𝐴, ℝ, < )       ((𝑃 ∈ (ℤ‘2) ∧ 𝑁 = 1) → 𝑆 = 0)
 
Theorempcpremul 12325* Multiplicative property of the prime count pre-function. Note that the primality of 𝑃 is essential for this property; (4 pCnt 2) = 0 but (4 pCnt (2 · 2)) = 1 ≠ 2 · (4 pCnt 2) = 0. Since this is needed to show uniqueness for the real prime count function (over ), we don't bother to define it off the primes. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.)
𝑆 = sup({𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑃𝑛) ∥ 𝑀}, ℝ, < )    &   𝑇 = sup({𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑃𝑛) ∥ 𝑁}, ℝ, < )    &   𝑈 = sup({𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑃𝑛) ∥ (𝑀 · 𝑁)}, ℝ, < )       ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ (𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑀 ≠ 0) ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ≠ 0)) → (𝑆 + 𝑇) = 𝑈)
 
Theorempceulem 12326* Lemma for pceu 12327. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.)
𝑆 = sup({𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑃𝑛) ∥ 𝑥}, ℝ, < )    &   𝑇 = sup({𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑃𝑛) ∥ 𝑦}, ℝ, < )    &   𝑈 = sup({𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑃𝑛) ∥ 𝑠}, ℝ, < )    &   𝑉 = sup({𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑃𝑛) ∥ 𝑡}, ℝ, < )    &   (𝜑𝑃 ∈ ℙ)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ≠ 0)    &   (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑦 ∈ ℕ))    &   (𝜑𝑁 = (𝑥 / 𝑦))    &   (𝜑 → (𝑠 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑡 ∈ ℕ))    &   (𝜑𝑁 = (𝑠 / 𝑡))       (𝜑 → (𝑆𝑇) = (𝑈𝑉))
 
Theorempceu 12327* Uniqueness for the prime power function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.)
𝑆 = sup({𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑃𝑛) ∥ 𝑥}, ℝ, < )    &   𝑇 = sup({𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑃𝑛) ∥ 𝑦}, ℝ, < )       ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℚ ∧ 𝑁 ≠ 0)) → ∃!𝑧𝑥 ∈ ℤ ∃𝑦 ∈ ℕ (𝑁 = (𝑥 / 𝑦) ∧ 𝑧 = (𝑆𝑇)))
 
Theorempcval 12328* The value of the prime power function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-Oct-2014.)
𝑆 = sup({𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑃𝑛) ∥ 𝑥}, ℝ, < )    &   𝑇 = sup({𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑃𝑛) ∥ 𝑦}, ℝ, < )       ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℚ ∧ 𝑁 ≠ 0)) → (𝑃 pCnt 𝑁) = (℩𝑧𝑥 ∈ ℤ ∃𝑦 ∈ ℕ (𝑁 = (𝑥 / 𝑦) ∧ 𝑧 = (𝑆𝑇))))
 
Theorempczpre 12329* Connect the prime count pre-function to the actual prime count function, when restricted to the integers. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 24-Dec-2016.)
𝑆 = sup({𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ∣ (𝑃𝑛) ∥ 𝑁}, ℝ, < )       ((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ≠ 0)) → (𝑃 pCnt 𝑁) = 𝑆)
 
Theorempczcl 12330 Closure of the prime power function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ≠ 0)) → (𝑃 pCnt 𝑁) ∈ ℕ0)
 
Theorempccl 12331 Closure of the prime power function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) → (𝑃 pCnt 𝑁) ∈ ℕ0)
 
Theorempccld 12332 Closure of the prime power function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 29-May-2016.)
(𝜑𝑃 ∈ ℙ)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℕ)       (𝜑 → (𝑃 pCnt 𝑁) ∈ ℕ0)
 
Theorempcmul 12333 Multiplication property of the prime power function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 0) ∧ (𝐵 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 0)) → (𝑃 pCnt (𝐴 · 𝐵)) = ((𝑃 pCnt 𝐴) + (𝑃 pCnt 𝐵)))
 
Theorempcdiv 12334 Division property of the prime power function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 1-Mar-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 0) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → (𝑃 pCnt (𝐴 / 𝐵)) = ((𝑃 pCnt 𝐴) − (𝑃 pCnt 𝐵)))
 
Theorempcqmul 12335 Multiplication property of the prime power function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Sep-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ ℚ ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 0) ∧ (𝐵 ∈ ℚ ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 0)) → (𝑃 pCnt (𝐴 · 𝐵)) = ((𝑃 pCnt 𝐴) + (𝑃 pCnt 𝐵)))
 
Theorempc0 12336 The value of the prime power function at zero. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 3-Oct-2014.)
(𝑃 ∈ ℙ → (𝑃 pCnt 0) = +∞)
 
Theorempc1 12337 Value of the prime count function at 1. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.)
(𝑃 ∈ ℙ → (𝑃 pCnt 1) = 0)
 
Theorempcqcl 12338 Closure of the general prime count function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℚ ∧ 𝑁 ≠ 0)) → (𝑃 pCnt 𝑁) ∈ ℤ)
 
Theorempcqdiv 12339 Division property of the prime power function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-Aug-2015.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ ℚ ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 0) ∧ (𝐵 ∈ ℚ ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 0)) → (𝑃 pCnt (𝐴 / 𝐵)) = ((𝑃 pCnt 𝐴) − (𝑃 pCnt 𝐵)))
 
Theorempcrec 12340 Prime power of a reciprocal. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-Aug-2015.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ ℚ ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 0)) → (𝑃 pCnt (1 / 𝐴)) = -(𝑃 pCnt 𝐴))
 
Theorempcexp 12341 Prime power of an exponential. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-Aug-2015.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ ℚ ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 0) ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑃 pCnt (𝐴𝑁)) = (𝑁 · (𝑃 pCnt 𝐴)))
 
Theorempcxnn0cl 12342 Extended nonnegative integer closure of the general prime count function. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 13-Oct-2024.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑃 pCnt 𝑁) ∈ ℕ0*)
 
Theorempcxcl 12343 Extended real closure of the general prime count function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 3-Oct-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℚ) → (𝑃 pCnt 𝑁) ∈ ℝ*)
 
Theorempcxqcl 12344 The general prime count function is an integer or infinite. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 6-Jun-2025.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℚ) → ((𝑃 pCnt 𝑁) ∈ ℤ ∨ (𝑃 pCnt 𝑁) = +∞))
 
Theorempcge0 12345 The prime count of an integer is greater than or equal to zero. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 3-Oct-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → 0 ≤ (𝑃 pCnt 𝑁))
 
Theorempczdvds 12346 Defining property of the prime count function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Sep-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ≠ 0)) → (𝑃↑(𝑃 pCnt 𝑁)) ∥ 𝑁)
 
Theorempcdvds 12347 Defining property of the prime count function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) → (𝑃↑(𝑃 pCnt 𝑁)) ∥ 𝑁)
 
Theorempczndvds 12348 Defining property of the prime count function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 3-Oct-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ≠ 0)) → ¬ (𝑃↑((𝑃 pCnt 𝑁) + 1)) ∥ 𝑁)
 
Theorempcndvds 12349 Defining property of the prime count function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) → ¬ (𝑃↑((𝑃 pCnt 𝑁) + 1)) ∥ 𝑁)
 
Theorempczndvds2 12350 The remainder after dividing out all factors of 𝑃 is not divisible by 𝑃. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Sep-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ≠ 0)) → ¬ 𝑃 ∥ (𝑁 / (𝑃↑(𝑃 pCnt 𝑁))))
 
Theorempcndvds2 12351 The remainder after dividing out all factors of 𝑃 is not divisible by 𝑃. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) → ¬ 𝑃 ∥ (𝑁 / (𝑃↑(𝑃 pCnt 𝑁))))
 
Theorempcdvdsb 12352 𝑃𝐴 divides 𝑁 if and only if 𝐴 is at most the count of 𝑃. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 3-Oct-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝐴 ≤ (𝑃 pCnt 𝑁) ↔ (𝑃𝐴) ∥ 𝑁))
 
Theorempcelnn 12353 There are a positive number of powers of a prime 𝑃 in 𝑁 iff 𝑃 divides 𝑁. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝑃 pCnt 𝑁) ∈ ℕ ↔ 𝑃𝑁))
 
Theorempceq0 12354 There are zero powers of a prime 𝑃 in 𝑁 iff 𝑃 does not divide 𝑁. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝑃 pCnt 𝑁) = 0 ↔ ¬ 𝑃𝑁))
 
Theorempcidlem 12355 The prime count of a prime power. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Mar-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝑃 pCnt (𝑃𝐴)) = 𝐴)
 
Theorempcid 12356 The prime count of a prime power. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Sep-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑃 pCnt (𝑃𝐴)) = 𝐴)
 
Theorempcneg 12357 The prime count of a negative number. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Mar-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℚ) → (𝑃 pCnt -𝐴) = (𝑃 pCnt 𝐴))
 
Theorempcabs 12358 The prime count of an absolute value. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Mar-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℚ) → (𝑃 pCnt (abs‘𝐴)) = (𝑃 pCnt 𝐴))
 
Theorempcdvdstr 12359 The prime count increases under the divisibility relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Mar-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐴𝐵)) → (𝑃 pCnt 𝐴) ≤ (𝑃 pCnt 𝐵))
 
Theorempcgcd1 12360 The prime count of a GCD is the minimum of the prime counts of the arguments. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 3-Oct-2014.)
(((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ) ∧ (𝑃 pCnt 𝐴) ≤ (𝑃 pCnt 𝐵)) → (𝑃 pCnt (𝐴 gcd 𝐵)) = (𝑃 pCnt 𝐴))
 
Theorempcgcd 12361 The prime count of a GCD is the minimum of the prime counts of the arguments. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 3-Oct-2014.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑃 pCnt (𝐴 gcd 𝐵)) = if((𝑃 pCnt 𝐴) ≤ (𝑃 pCnt 𝐵), (𝑃 pCnt 𝐴), (𝑃 pCnt 𝐵)))
 
Theorempc2dvds 12362* A characterization of divisibility in terms of prime count. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-Oct-2014.)
((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ) → (𝐴𝐵 ↔ ∀𝑝 ∈ ℙ (𝑝 pCnt 𝐴) ≤ (𝑝 pCnt 𝐵)))
 
Theorempc11 12363* The prime count function, viewed as a function from to (ℕ ↑𝑚 ℙ), is one-to-one. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.)
((𝐴 ∈ ℕ0𝐵 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝐴 = 𝐵 ↔ ∀𝑝 ∈ ℙ (𝑝 pCnt 𝐴) = (𝑝 pCnt 𝐵)))
 
Theorempcz 12364* The prime count function can be used as an indicator that a given rational number is an integer. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2014.)
(𝐴 ∈ ℚ → (𝐴 ∈ ℤ ↔ ∀𝑝 ∈ ℙ 0 ≤ (𝑝 pCnt 𝐴)))
 
Theorempcprmpw2 12365* Self-referential expression for a prime power. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 16-Jan-2015.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ) → (∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 𝐴 ∥ (𝑃𝑛) ↔ 𝐴 = (𝑃↑(𝑃 pCnt 𝐴))))
 
Theorempcprmpw 12366* Self-referential expression for a prime power. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 16-Jan-2015.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ) → (∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 𝐴 = (𝑃𝑛) ↔ 𝐴 = (𝑃↑(𝑃 pCnt 𝐴))))
 
Theoremdvdsprmpweq 12367* If a positive integer divides a prime power, it is a prime power. (Contributed by AV, 25-Jul-2021.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝐴 ∥ (𝑃𝑁) → ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 𝐴 = (𝑃𝑛)))
 
Theoremdvdsprmpweqnn 12368* If an integer greater than 1 divides a prime power, it is a (proper) prime power. (Contributed by AV, 13-Aug-2021.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (ℤ‘2) ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝐴 ∥ (𝑃𝑁) → ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ 𝐴 = (𝑃𝑛)))
 
Theoremdvdsprmpweqle 12369* If a positive integer divides a prime power, it is a prime power with a smaller exponent. (Contributed by AV, 25-Jul-2021.)
((𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝐴 ∥ (𝑃𝑁) → ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 (𝑛𝑁𝐴 = (𝑃𝑛))))
 
Theoremdifsqpwdvds 12370 If the difference of two squares is a power of a prime, the prime divides twice the second squared number. (Contributed by AV, 13-Aug-2021.)
(((𝐴 ∈ ℕ0𝐵 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ (𝐵 + 1) < 𝐴) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝐷 ∈ ℕ0)) → ((𝐶𝐷) = ((𝐴↑2) − (𝐵↑2)) → 𝐶 ∥ (2 · 𝐵)))
 
Theorempcaddlem 12371 Lemma for pcadd 12372. The original numbers 𝐴 and 𝐵 have been decomposed using the prime count function as (𝑃𝑀) · (𝑅 / 𝑆) where 𝑅, 𝑆 are both not divisible by 𝑃 and 𝑀 = (𝑃 pCnt 𝐴), and similarly for 𝐵. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Sep-2014.)
(𝜑𝑃 ∈ ℙ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 = ((𝑃𝑀) · (𝑅 / 𝑆)))    &   (𝜑𝐵 = ((𝑃𝑁) · (𝑇 / 𝑈)))    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   (𝜑 → (𝑅 ∈ ℤ ∧ ¬ 𝑃𝑅))    &   (𝜑 → (𝑆 ∈ ℕ ∧ ¬ 𝑃𝑆))    &   (𝜑 → (𝑇 ∈ ℤ ∧ ¬ 𝑃𝑇))    &   (𝜑 → (𝑈 ∈ ℕ ∧ ¬ 𝑃𝑈))       (𝜑𝑀 ≤ (𝑃 pCnt (𝐴 + 𝐵)))
 
Theorempcadd 12372 An inequality for the prime count of a sum. This is the source of the ultrametric inequality for the p-adic metric. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Sep-2014.)
(𝜑𝑃 ∈ ℙ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℚ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℚ)    &   (𝜑 → (𝑃 pCnt 𝐴) ≤ (𝑃 pCnt 𝐵))       (𝜑 → (𝑃 pCnt 𝐴) ≤ (𝑃 pCnt (𝐴 + 𝐵)))
 
Theorempcadd2 12373 The inequality of pcadd 12372 becomes an equality when one of the factors has prime count strictly less than the other. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 16-Jan-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jun-2015.)
(𝜑𝑃 ∈ ℙ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℚ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℚ)    &   (𝜑 → (𝑃 pCnt 𝐴) < (𝑃 pCnt 𝐵))       (𝜑 → (𝑃 pCnt 𝐴) = (𝑃 pCnt (𝐴 + 𝐵)))
 
Theorempcmptcl 12374 Closure for the prime power map. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Mar-2014.)
𝐹 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ if(𝑛 ∈ ℙ, (𝑛𝐴), 1))    &   (𝜑 → ∀𝑛 ∈ ℙ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ0)       (𝜑 → (𝐹:ℕ⟶ℕ ∧ seq1( · , 𝐹):ℕ⟶ℕ))
 
Theorempcmpt 12375* Construct a function with given prime count characteristics. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Mar-2014.)
𝐹 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ if(𝑛 ∈ ℙ, (𝑛𝐴), 1))    &   (𝜑 → ∀𝑛 ∈ ℙ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ0)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑃 ∈ ℙ)    &   (𝑛 = 𝑃𝐴 = 𝐵)       (𝜑 → (𝑃 pCnt (seq1( · , 𝐹)‘𝑁)) = if(𝑃𝑁, 𝐵, 0))
 
Theorempcmpt2 12376* Dividing two prime count maps yields a number with all dividing primes confined to an interval. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 14-Mar-2014.)
𝐹 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ if(𝑛 ∈ ℙ, (𝑛𝐴), 1))    &   (𝜑 → ∀𝑛 ∈ ℙ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ0)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑃 ∈ ℙ)    &   (𝑛 = 𝑃𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ (ℤ𝑁))       (𝜑 → (𝑃 pCnt ((seq1( · , 𝐹)‘𝑀) / (seq1( · , 𝐹)‘𝑁))) = if((𝑃𝑀 ∧ ¬ 𝑃𝑁), 𝐵, 0))
 
Theorempcmptdvds 12377 The partial products of the prime power map form a divisibility chain. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Mar-2014.)
𝐹 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ if(𝑛 ∈ ℙ, (𝑛𝐴), 1))    &   (𝜑 → ∀𝑛 ∈ ℙ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ0)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ (ℤ𝑁))       (𝜑 → (seq1( · , 𝐹)‘𝑁) ∥ (seq1( · , 𝐹)‘𝑀))
 
Theorempcprod 12378* The product of the primes taken to their respective powers reconstructs the original number. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Mar-2014.)
𝐹 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ if(𝑛 ∈ ℙ, (𝑛↑(𝑛 pCnt 𝑁)), 1))       (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → (seq1( · , 𝐹)‘𝑁) = 𝑁)
 
Theoremsumhashdc 12379* The sum of 1 over a set is the size of the set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 8-Mar-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 20-May-2014.)
((𝐵 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐴𝐵 ∧ ∀𝑥𝐵 DECID 𝑥𝐴) → Σ𝑘𝐵 if(𝑘𝐴, 1, 0) = (♯‘𝐴))
 
Theoremfldivp1 12380 The difference between the floors of adjacent fractions is either 1 or 0. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 8-Mar-2014.)
((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) → ((⌊‘((𝑀 + 1) / 𝑁)) − (⌊‘(𝑀 / 𝑁))) = if(𝑁 ∥ (𝑀 + 1), 1, 0))
 
Theorempcfaclem 12381 Lemma for pcfac 12382. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-May-2014.)
((𝑁 ∈ ℕ0𝑀 ∈ (ℤ𝑁) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ ℙ) → (⌊‘(𝑁 / (𝑃𝑀))) = 0)
 
Theorempcfac 12382* Calculate the prime count of a factorial. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 11-Mar-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 21-May-2014.)
((𝑁 ∈ ℕ0𝑀 ∈ (ℤ𝑁) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ ℙ) → (𝑃 pCnt (!‘𝑁)) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (1...𝑀)(⌊‘(𝑁 / (𝑃𝑘))))
 
Theorempcbc 12383* Calculate the prime count of a binomial coefficient. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 11-Mar-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 21-May-2014.)
((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐾 ∈ (0...𝑁) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ ℙ) → (𝑃 pCnt (𝑁C𝐾)) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (1...𝑁)((⌊‘(𝑁 / (𝑃𝑘))) − ((⌊‘((𝑁𝐾) / (𝑃𝑘))) + (⌊‘(𝐾 / (𝑃𝑘))))))
 
Theoremqexpz 12384 If a power of a rational number is an integer, then the number is an integer. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-Aug-2015.)
((𝐴 ∈ ℚ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴𝑁) ∈ ℤ) → 𝐴 ∈ ℤ)
 
Theoremexpnprm 12385 A second or higher power of a rational number is not a prime number. Or by contraposition, the n-th root of a prime number is not rational. Suggested by Norm Megill. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-Aug-2015.)
((𝐴 ∈ ℚ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ‘2)) → ¬ (𝐴𝑁) ∈ ℙ)
 
Theoremoddprmdvds 12386* Every positive integer which is not a power of two is divisible by an odd prime number. (Contributed by AV, 6-Aug-2021.)
((𝐾 ∈ ℕ ∧ ¬ ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 𝐾 = (2↑𝑛)) → ∃𝑝 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2})𝑝𝐾)
 
5.2.9  Pocklington's theorem
 
Theoremprmpwdvds 12387 A relation involving divisibility by a prime power. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2014.)
(((𝐾 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐷 ∈ ℤ) ∧ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝐷 ∥ (𝐾 · (𝑃𝑁)) ∧ ¬ 𝐷 ∥ (𝐾 · (𝑃↑(𝑁 − 1))))) → (𝑃𝑁) ∥ 𝐷)
 
Theorempockthlem 12388 Lemma for pockthg 12389. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 < 𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑁 = ((𝐴 · 𝐵) + 1))    &   (𝜑𝑃 ∈ ℙ)    &   (𝜑𝑃𝑁)    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ ℙ)    &   (𝜑 → (𝑄 pCnt 𝐴) ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑 → ((𝐶↑(𝑁 − 1)) mod 𝑁) = 1)    &   (𝜑 → (((𝐶↑((𝑁 − 1) / 𝑄)) − 1) gcd 𝑁) = 1)       (𝜑 → (𝑄 pCnt 𝐴) ≤ (𝑄 pCnt (𝑃 − 1)))
 
Theorempockthg 12389* The generalized Pocklington's theorem. If 𝑁 − 1 = 𝐴 · 𝐵 where 𝐵 < 𝐴, then 𝑁 is prime if and only if for every prime factor 𝑝 of 𝐴, there is an 𝑥 such that 𝑥↑(𝑁 − 1) = 1( mod 𝑁) and gcd (𝑥↑((𝑁 − 1) / 𝑝) − 1, 𝑁) = 1. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 < 𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑁 = ((𝐴 · 𝐵) + 1))    &   (𝜑 → ∀𝑝 ∈ ℙ (𝑝𝐴 → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℤ (((𝑥↑(𝑁 − 1)) mod 𝑁) = 1 ∧ (((𝑥↑((𝑁 − 1) / 𝑝)) − 1) gcd 𝑁) = 1)))       (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℙ)
 
Theorempockthi 12390 Pocklington's theorem, which gives a sufficient criterion for a number 𝑁 to be prime. This is the preferred method for verifying large primes, being much more efficient to compute than trial division. This form has been optimized for application to specific large primes; see pockthg 12389 for a more general closed-form version. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2014.)
𝑃 ∈ ℙ    &   𝐺 ∈ ℕ    &   𝑀 = (𝐺 · 𝑃)    &   𝑁 = (𝑀 + 1)    &   𝐷 ∈ ℕ    &   𝐸 ∈ ℕ    &   𝐴 ∈ ℕ    &   𝑀 = (𝐷 · (𝑃𝐸))    &   𝐷 < (𝑃𝐸)    &   ((𝐴𝑀) mod 𝑁) = (1 mod 𝑁)    &   (((𝐴𝐺) − 1) gcd 𝑁) = 1       𝑁 ∈ ℙ
 
5.2.10  Infinite primes theorem
 
Theoreminfpnlem1 12391* Lemma for infpn 12393. The smallest divisor (greater than 1) 𝑀 of 𝑁! + 1 is a prime greater than 𝑁. (Contributed by NM, 5-May-2005.)
𝐾 = ((!‘𝑁) + 1)       ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑀 ∈ ℕ) → (((1 < 𝑀 ∧ (𝐾 / 𝑀) ∈ ℕ) ∧ ∀𝑗 ∈ ℕ ((1 < 𝑗 ∧ (𝐾 / 𝑗) ∈ ℕ) → 𝑀𝑗)) → (𝑁 < 𝑀 ∧ ∀𝑗 ∈ ℕ ((𝑀 / 𝑗) ∈ ℕ → (𝑗 = 1 ∨ 𝑗 = 𝑀)))))
 
Theoreminfpnlem2 12392* Lemma for infpn 12393. For any positive integer 𝑁, there exists a prime number 𝑗 greater than 𝑁. (Contributed by NM, 5-May-2005.)
𝐾 = ((!‘𝑁) + 1)       (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → ∃𝑗 ∈ ℕ (𝑁 < 𝑗 ∧ ∀𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑗 / 𝑘) ∈ ℕ → (𝑘 = 1 ∨ 𝑘 = 𝑗))))
 
Theoreminfpn 12393* There exist infinitely many prime numbers: for any positive integer 𝑁, there exists a prime number 𝑗 greater than 𝑁. (See infpn2 12507 for the equinumerosity version.) (Contributed by NM, 1-Jun-2006.)
(𝑁 ∈ ℕ → ∃𝑗 ∈ ℕ (𝑁 < 𝑗 ∧ ∀𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑗 / 𝑘) ∈ ℕ → (𝑘 = 1 ∨ 𝑘 = 𝑗))))
 
Theoremprmunb 12394* The primes are unbounded. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 28-Nov-2012.)
(𝑁 ∈ ℕ → ∃𝑝 ∈ ℙ 𝑁 < 𝑝)
 
5.2.11  Fundamental theorem of arithmetic
 
Theorem1arithlem1 12395* Lemma for 1arith 12399. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 30-May-2014.)
𝑀 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑝 ∈ ℙ ↦ (𝑝 pCnt 𝑛)))       (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → (𝑀𝑁) = (𝑝 ∈ ℙ ↦ (𝑝 pCnt 𝑁)))
 
Theorem1arithlem2 12396* Lemma for 1arith 12399. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 30-May-2014.)
𝑀 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑝 ∈ ℙ ↦ (𝑝 pCnt 𝑛)))       ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑃 ∈ ℙ) → ((𝑀𝑁)‘𝑃) = (𝑃 pCnt 𝑁))
 
Theorem1arithlem3 12397* Lemma for 1arith 12399. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 30-May-2014.)
𝑀 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑝 ∈ ℙ ↦ (𝑝 pCnt 𝑛)))       (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → (𝑀𝑁):ℙ⟶ℕ0)
 
Theorem1arithlem4 12398* Lemma for 1arith 12399. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 30-May-2014.)
𝑀 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑝 ∈ ℙ ↦ (𝑝 pCnt 𝑛)))    &   𝐺 = (𝑦 ∈ ℕ ↦ if(𝑦 ∈ ℙ, (𝑦↑(𝐹𝑦)), 1))    &   (𝜑𝐹:ℙ⟶ℕ0)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℕ)    &   ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑞 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝑁𝑞)) → (𝐹𝑞) = 0)       (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℕ 𝐹 = (𝑀𝑥))
 
Theorem1arith 12399* Fundamental theorem of arithmetic, where a prime factorization is represented as a sequence of prime exponents, for which only finitely many primes have nonzero exponent. The function 𝑀 maps the set of positive integers one-to-one onto the set of prime factorizations 𝑅. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 17-Nov-2012.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 30-May-2014.)
𝑀 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑝 ∈ ℙ ↦ (𝑝 pCnt 𝑛)))    &   𝑅 = {𝑒 ∈ (ℕ0𝑚 ℙ) ∣ (𝑒 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}       𝑀:ℕ–1-1-onto𝑅
 
Theorem1arith2 12400* Fundamental theorem of arithmetic, where a prime factorization is represented as a finite monotonic 1-based sequence of primes. Every positive integer has a unique prime factorization. Theorem 1.10 in [ApostolNT] p. 17. This is Metamath 100 proof #80. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 17-Nov-2012.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 30-May-2014.)
𝑀 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑝 ∈ ℙ ↦ (𝑝 pCnt 𝑛)))    &   𝑅 = {𝑒 ∈ (ℕ0𝑚 ℙ) ∣ (𝑒 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}       𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∃!𝑔𝑅 (𝑀𝑧) = 𝑔
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