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Theorem List for Intuitionistic Logic Explorer - 11301-11400   *Has distinct variable group(s)
TypeLabelDescription
Statement
 
Theoremfisumss 11301* Change the index set to a subset in a finite sum. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 23-Sep-2022.)
(𝜑𝐴𝐵)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝐵𝐴)) → 𝐶 = 0)    &   (𝜑 → ∀𝑗𝐵 DECID 𝑗𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ Fin)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐶 = Σ𝑘𝐵 𝐶)
 
Theoremisumss2 11302* Change the index set of a sum by adding zeroes. The nonzero elements are in the contained set 𝐴 and the added zeroes compose the rest of the containing set 𝐵 which needs to be summable. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Jul-2013.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 24-Sep-2022.)
(𝜑𝐴𝐵)    &   (𝜑 → ∀𝑗𝐵 DECID 𝑗𝐴)    &   (𝜑 → ∀𝑘𝐴 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ (ℤ𝑀) ∧ ∀𝑗 ∈ (ℤ𝑀)DECID 𝑗𝐵) ∨ 𝐵 ∈ Fin))       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐶 = Σ𝑘𝐵 if(𝑘𝐴, 𝐶, 0))
 
Theoremfsum3cvg2 11303* The sequence of partial sums of a finite sum converges to the whole sum. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 2-Dec-2022.)
((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (ℤ𝑀)) → (𝐹𝑘) = if(𝑘𝐴, 𝐵, 0))    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (ℤ𝑀)) → DECID 𝑘𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ⊆ (𝑀...𝑁))       (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ⇝ (seq𝑀( + , 𝐹)‘𝑁))
 
Theoremfsumsersdc 11304* Special case of series sum over a finite upper integer index set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jul-2013.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 5-May-2023.)
((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (ℤ𝑀)) → (𝐹𝑘) = if(𝑘𝐴, 𝐵, 0))    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (ℤ𝑀)) → DECID 𝑘𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ⊆ (𝑀...𝑁))       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = (seq𝑀( + , 𝐹)‘𝑁))
 
Theoremfsum3cvg3 11305* A finite sum is convergent. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 2-Dec-2022.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐴𝑍)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (ℤ𝑀)) → DECID 𝑘𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) = if(𝑘𝐴, 𝐵, 0))    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ )
 
Theoremfsum3ser 11306* A finite sum expressed in terms of a partial sum of an infinite series. The recursive definition follows as fsum1 11321 and fsump1 11329, which should make our notation clear and from which, along with closure fsumcl 11309, we will derive the basic properties of finite sums. (Contributed by NM, 11-Dec-2005.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 1-Oct-2022.)
((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (ℤ𝑀)) → (𝐹𝑘) = 𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (ℤ𝑀)) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐴 = (seq𝑀( + , 𝐹)‘𝑁))
 
Theoremfsumcl2lem 11307* - Lemma for finite sum closures. (The "-" before "Lemma" forces the math content to be displayed in the Statement List - NM 11-Feb-2008.) (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 3-Jun-2014.)
(𝜑𝑆 ⊆ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥𝑆𝑦𝑆)) → (𝑥 + 𝑦) ∈ 𝑆)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵𝑆)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ≠ ∅)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵𝑆)
 
Theoremfsumcllem 11308* - Lemma for finite sum closures. (The "-" before "Lemma" forces the math content to be displayed in the Statement List - NM 11-Feb-2008.) (Contributed by NM, 9-Nov-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-Jun-2014.)
(𝜑𝑆 ⊆ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥𝑆𝑦𝑆)) → (𝑥 + 𝑦) ∈ 𝑆)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵𝑆)    &   (𝜑 → 0 ∈ 𝑆)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵𝑆)
 
Theoremfsumcl 11309* Closure of a finite sum of complex numbers 𝐴(𝑘). (Contributed by NM, 9-Nov-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 22-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)
 
Theoremfsumrecl 11310* Closure of a finite sum of reals. (Contributed by NM, 9-Nov-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 22-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)
 
Theoremfsumzcl 11311* Closure of a finite sum of integers. (Contributed by NM, 9-Nov-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 22-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℤ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵 ∈ ℤ)
 
Theoremfsumnn0cl 11312* Closure of a finite sum of nonnegative integers. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Apr-2015.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℕ0)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵 ∈ ℕ0)
 
Theoremfsumrpcl 11313* Closure of a finite sum of positive reals. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 3-Jun-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ≠ ∅)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ+)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵 ∈ ℝ+)
 
Theoremfsumzcl2 11314* A finite sum with integer summands is an integer. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 31-Aug-2018.)
((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ ∀𝑘𝐴 𝐵 ∈ ℤ) → Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵 ∈ ℤ)
 
Theoremfsumadd 11315* The sum of two finite sums. (Contributed by NM, 14-Nov-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 22-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝐴 (𝐵 + 𝐶) = (Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵 + Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐶))
 
Theoremfsumsplit 11316* Split a sum into two parts. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Aug-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 22-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑 → (𝐴𝐵) = ∅)    &   (𝜑𝑈 = (𝐴𝐵))    &   (𝜑𝑈 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑈) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝑈 𝐶 = (Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐶 + Σ𝑘𝐵 𝐶))
 
Theoremfsumsplitf 11317* Split a sum into two parts. A version of fsumsplit 11316 using bound-variable hypotheses instead of distinct variable conditions. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 5-Apr-2020.)
𝑘𝜑    &   (𝜑 → (𝐴𝐵) = ∅)    &   (𝜑𝑈 = (𝐴𝐵))    &   (𝜑𝑈 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑈) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝑈 𝐶 = (Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐶 + Σ𝑘𝐵 𝐶))
 
Theoremsumsnf 11318* A sum of a singleton is the term. A version of sumsn 11320 using bound-variable hypotheses instead of distinct variable conditions. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 5-Apr-2020.)
𝑘𝐵    &   (𝑘 = 𝑀𝐴 = 𝐵)       ((𝑀𝑉𝐵 ∈ ℂ) → Σ𝑘 ∈ {𝑀}𝐴 = 𝐵)
 
Theoremfsumsplitsn 11319* Separate out a term in a finite sum. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 5-Apr-2020.)
𝑘𝜑    &   𝑘𝐷    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐵𝑉)    &   (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐵𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝑘 = 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐷)    &   (𝜑𝐷 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝐴 ∪ {𝐵})𝐶 = (Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐶 + 𝐷))
 
Theoremsumsn 11320* A sum of a singleton is the term. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 22-Apr-2014.)
(𝑘 = 𝑀𝐴 = 𝐵)       ((𝑀𝑉𝐵 ∈ ℂ) → Σ𝑘 ∈ {𝑀}𝐴 = 𝐵)
 
Theoremfsum1 11321* The finite sum of 𝐴(𝑘) from 𝑘 = 𝑀 to 𝑀 (i.e. a sum with only one term) is 𝐵 i.e. 𝐴(𝑀). (Contributed by NM, 8-Nov-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 21-Apr-2014.)
(𝑘 = 𝑀𝐴 = 𝐵)       ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ) → Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑀)𝐴 = 𝐵)
 
Theoremsumpr 11322* A sum over a pair is the sum of the elements. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 12-Dec-2016.)
(𝑘 = 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐷)    &   (𝑘 = 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐸)    &   (𝜑 → (𝐷 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐸 ∈ ℂ))    &   (𝜑 → (𝐴𝑉𝐵𝑊))    &   (𝜑𝐴𝐵)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘 ∈ {𝐴, 𝐵}𝐶 = (𝐷 + 𝐸))
 
Theoremsumtp 11323* A sum over a triple is the sum of the elements. (Contributed by AV, 24-Jul-2020.)
(𝑘 = 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐸)    &   (𝑘 = 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐹)    &   (𝑘 = 𝐶𝐷 = 𝐺)    &   (𝜑 → (𝐸 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐹 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐺 ∈ ℂ))    &   (𝜑 → (𝐴𝑉𝐵𝑊𝐶𝑋))    &   (𝜑𝐴𝐵)    &   (𝜑𝐴𝐶)    &   (𝜑𝐵𝐶)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘 ∈ {𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶}𝐷 = ((𝐸 + 𝐹) + 𝐺))
 
Theoremsumsns 11324* A sum of a singleton is the term. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 22-Apr-2014.)
((𝑀𝑉𝑀 / 𝑘𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → Σ𝑘 ∈ {𝑀}𝐴 = 𝑀 / 𝑘𝐴)
 
Theoremfsumm1 11325* Separate out the last term in a finite sum. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝑘 = 𝑁𝐴 = 𝐵)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐴 = (Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...(𝑁 − 1))𝐴 + 𝐵))
 
Theoremfzosump1 11326* Separate out the last term in a finite sum. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Apr-2016.)
(𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝑘 = 𝑁𝐴 = 𝐵)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝑀..^(𝑁 + 1))𝐴 = (Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝑀..^𝑁)𝐴 + 𝐵))
 
Theoremfsum1p 11327* Separate out the first term in a finite sum. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝑘 = 𝑀𝐴 = 𝐵)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐴 = (𝐵 + Σ𝑘 ∈ ((𝑀 + 1)...𝑁)𝐴))
 
Theoremfsumsplitsnun 11328* Separate out a term in a finite sum by splitting the sum into two parts. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 1-Sep-2018.) (Revised by AV, 17-Dec-2021.)
((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ (𝑍𝑉𝑍𝐴) ∧ ∀𝑘 ∈ (𝐴 ∪ {𝑍})𝐵 ∈ ℤ) → Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝐴 ∪ {𝑍})𝐵 = (Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵 + 𝑍 / 𝑘𝐵))
 
Theoremfsump1 11329* The addition of the next term in a finite sum of 𝐴(𝑘) is the current term plus 𝐵 i.e. 𝐴(𝑁 + 1). (Contributed by NM, 4-Nov-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 21-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...(𝑁 + 1))) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝑘 = (𝑁 + 1) → 𝐴 = 𝐵)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...(𝑁 + 1))𝐴 = (Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐴 + 𝐵))
 
Theoremisumclim 11330* An infinite sum equals the value its series converges to. (Contributed by NM, 25-Dec-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Apr-2014.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) = 𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝐵)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝑍 𝐴 = 𝐵)
 
Theoremisumclim2 11331* A converging series converges to its infinite sum. (Contributed by NM, 2-Jan-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Apr-2014.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) = 𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ )       (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ⇝ Σ𝑘𝑍 𝐴)
 
Theoremisumclim3 11332* The sequence of partial finite sums of a converging infinite series converges to the infinite sum of the series. Note that 𝑗 must not occur in 𝐴. (Contributed by NM, 9-Jan-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Apr-2014.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝐹 ∈ dom ⇝ )    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑗𝑍) → (𝐹𝑗) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑗)𝐴)       (𝜑𝐹 ⇝ Σ𝑘𝑍 𝐴)
 
Theoremsumnul 11333* The sum of a non-convergent infinite series evaluates to the empty set. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 4-Nov-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Apr-2014.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) = 𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → ¬ seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ )       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝑍 𝐴 = ∅)
 
Theoremisumcl 11334* The sum of a converging infinite series is a complex number. (Contributed by NM, 13-Dec-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Apr-2014.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) = 𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ )       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝑍 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)
 
Theoremisummulc2 11335* An infinite sum multiplied by a constant. (Contributed by NM, 12-Nov-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Apr-2014.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) = 𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ )    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → (𝐵 · Σ𝑘𝑍 𝐴) = Σ𝑘𝑍 (𝐵 · 𝐴))
 
Theoremisummulc1 11336* An infinite sum multiplied by a constant. (Contributed by NM, 13-Nov-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Apr-2014.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) = 𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ )    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → (Σ𝑘𝑍 𝐴 · 𝐵) = Σ𝑘𝑍 (𝐴 · 𝐵))
 
Theoremisumdivapc 11337* An infinite sum divided by a constant. (Contributed by NM, 2-Jan-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Apr-2014.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) = 𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ )    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 # 0)       (𝜑 → (Σ𝑘𝑍 𝐴 / 𝐵) = Σ𝑘𝑍 (𝐴 / 𝐵))
 
Theoremisumrecl 11338* The sum of a converging infinite real series is a real number. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) = 𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ )       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝑍 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)
 
Theoremisumge0 11339* An infinite sum of nonnegative terms is nonnegative. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-Apr-2014.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) = 𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ )    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → 0 ≤ 𝐴)       (𝜑 → 0 ≤ Σ𝑘𝑍 𝐴)
 
Theoremisumadd 11340* Addition of infinite sums. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Aug-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Apr-2014.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) = 𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐺𝑘) = 𝐵)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ )    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐺) ∈ dom ⇝ )       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝑍 (𝐴 + 𝐵) = (Σ𝑘𝑍 𝐴 + Σ𝑘𝑍 𝐵))
 
Theoremsumsplitdc 11341* Split a sum into two parts. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Aug-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Apr-2014.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑 → (𝐴𝐵) = ∅)    &   (𝜑 → (𝐴𝐵) ⊆ 𝑍)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → DECID 𝑘𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → DECID 𝑘𝐵)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) = if(𝑘𝐴, 𝐶, 0))    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐺𝑘) = if(𝑘𝐵, 𝐶, 0))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝐴𝐵)) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ )    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐺) ∈ dom ⇝ )       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝐴𝐵)𝐶 = (Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐶 + Σ𝑘𝐵 𝐶))
 
Theoremfsump1i 11342* Optimized version of fsump1 11329 for making sums of a concrete number of terms. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Apr-2014.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   𝑁 = (𝐾 + 1)    &   (𝑘 = 𝑁𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → (𝐾𝑍 ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝐾)𝐴 = 𝑆))    &   (𝜑 → (𝑆 + 𝐵) = 𝑇)       (𝜑 → (𝑁𝑍 ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐴 = 𝑇))
 
Theoremfsum2dlemstep 11343* Lemma for fsum2d 11344- induction step. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 8-Oct-2022.)
(𝑧 = ⟨𝑗, 𝑘⟩ → 𝐷 = 𝐶)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑗𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑗𝐴𝑘𝐵)) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → ¬ 𝑦𝑥)    &   (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∪ {𝑦}) ⊆ 𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑥 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜓 ↔ Σ𝑗𝑥 Σ𝑘𝐵 𝐶 = Σ𝑧 𝑗𝑥 ({𝑗} × 𝐵)𝐷)       ((𝜑𝜓) → Σ𝑗 ∈ (𝑥 ∪ {𝑦})Σ𝑘𝐵 𝐶 = Σ𝑧 𝑗 ∈ (𝑥 ∪ {𝑦})({𝑗} × 𝐵)𝐷)
 
Theoremfsum2d 11344* Write a double sum as a sum over a two-dimensional region. Note that 𝐵(𝑗) is a function of 𝑗. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Apr-2014.)
(𝑧 = ⟨𝑗, 𝑘⟩ → 𝐷 = 𝐶)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑗𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑗𝐴𝑘𝐵)) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑗𝐴 Σ𝑘𝐵 𝐶 = Σ𝑧 𝑗𝐴 ({𝑗} × 𝐵)𝐷)
 
Theoremfsumxp 11345* Combine two sums into a single sum over the cartesian product. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Apr-2014.)
(𝑧 = ⟨𝑗, 𝑘⟩ → 𝐷 = 𝐶)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑗𝐴𝑘𝐵)) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑗𝐴 Σ𝑘𝐵 𝐶 = Σ𝑧 ∈ (𝐴 × 𝐵)𝐷)
 
Theoremfsumcnv 11346* Transform a region of summation by using the converse operation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Apr-2014.)
(𝑥 = ⟨𝑗, 𝑘⟩ → 𝐵 = 𝐷)    &   (𝑦 = ⟨𝑘, 𝑗⟩ → 𝐶 = 𝐷)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑 → Rel 𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑥𝐴 𝐵 = Σ𝑦 𝐴𝐶)
 
Theoremfisumcom2 11347* Interchange order of summation. Note that 𝐵(𝑗) and 𝐷(𝑘) are not necessarily constant expressions. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 8-Apr-2016.) (Proof shortened by JJ, 2-Aug-2021.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑗𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐶) → 𝐷 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑 → ((𝑗𝐴𝑘𝐵) ↔ (𝑘𝐶𝑗𝐷)))    &   ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑗𝐴𝑘𝐵)) → 𝐸 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑗𝐴 Σ𝑘𝐵 𝐸 = Σ𝑘𝐶 Σ𝑗𝐷 𝐸)
 
Theoremfsumcom 11348* Interchange order of summation. (Contributed by NM, 15-Nov-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑗𝐴𝑘𝐵)) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑗𝐴 Σ𝑘𝐵 𝐶 = Σ𝑘𝐵 Σ𝑗𝐴 𝐶)
 
Theoremfsum0diaglem 11349* Lemma for fisum0diag 11350. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 8-Apr-2016.)
((𝑗 ∈ (0...𝑁) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...(𝑁𝑗))) → (𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁) ∧ 𝑗 ∈ (0...(𝑁𝑘))))
 
Theoremfisum0diag 11350* Two ways to express "the sum of 𝐴(𝑗, 𝑘) over the triangular region 𝑀𝑗, 𝑀𝑘, 𝑗 + 𝑘𝑁." (Contributed by NM, 31-Dec-2005.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 28-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 8-Apr-2016.)
((𝜑 ∧ (𝑗 ∈ (0...𝑁) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...(𝑁𝑗)))) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℤ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑗 ∈ (0...𝑁𝑘 ∈ (0...(𝑁𝑗))𝐴 = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁𝑗 ∈ (0...(𝑁𝑘))𝐴)
 
Theoremmptfzshft 11351* 1-1 onto function in maps-to notation which shifts a finite set of sequential integers. (Contributed by AV, 24-Aug-2019.)
(𝜑𝐾 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℤ)       (𝜑 → (𝑗 ∈ ((𝑀 + 𝐾)...(𝑁 + 𝐾)) ↦ (𝑗𝐾)):((𝑀 + 𝐾)...(𝑁 + 𝐾))–1-1-onto→(𝑀...𝑁))
 
Theoremfsumrev 11352* Reversal of a finite sum. (Contributed by NM, 26-Nov-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝐾 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℤ)    &   ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝑗 = (𝐾𝑘) → 𝐴 = 𝐵)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑗 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐴 = Σ𝑘 ∈ ((𝐾𝑁)...(𝐾𝑀))𝐵)
 
Theoremfsumshft 11353* Index shift of a finite sum. (Contributed by NM, 27-Nov-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.) (Proof shortened by AV, 8-Sep-2019.)
(𝜑𝐾 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℤ)    &   ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝑗 = (𝑘𝐾) → 𝐴 = 𝐵)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑗 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐴 = Σ𝑘 ∈ ((𝑀 + 𝐾)...(𝑁 + 𝐾))𝐵)
 
Theoremfsumshftm 11354* Negative index shift of a finite sum. (Contributed by NM, 28-Nov-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝐾 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℤ)    &   ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝑗 = (𝑘 + 𝐾) → 𝐴 = 𝐵)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑗 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐴 = Σ𝑘 ∈ ((𝑀𝐾)...(𝑁𝐾))𝐵)
 
Theoremfisumrev2 11355* Reversal of a finite sum. (Contributed by NM, 27-Nov-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 13-Apr-2016.)
(𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℤ)    &   ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝑗 = ((𝑀 + 𝑁) − 𝑘) → 𝐴 = 𝐵)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑗 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐴 = Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐵)
 
Theoremfisum0diag2 11356* Two ways to express "the sum of 𝐴(𝑗, 𝑘) over the triangular region 0 ≤ 𝑗, 0 ≤ 𝑘, 𝑗 + 𝑘𝑁." (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Jul-2014.)
(𝑥 = 𝑘𝐵 = 𝐴)    &   (𝑥 = (𝑘𝑗) → 𝐵 = 𝐶)    &   ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑗 ∈ (0...𝑁) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0...(𝑁𝑗)))) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℤ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑗 ∈ (0...𝑁𝑘 ∈ (0...(𝑁𝑗))𝐴 = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁𝑗 ∈ (0...𝑘)𝐶)
 
Theoremfsummulc2 11357* A finite sum multiplied by a constant. (Contributed by NM, 12-Nov-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → (𝐶 · Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵) = Σ𝑘𝐴 (𝐶 · 𝐵))
 
Theoremfsummulc1 11358* A finite sum multiplied by a constant. (Contributed by NM, 13-Nov-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → (Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵 · 𝐶) = Σ𝑘𝐴 (𝐵 · 𝐶))
 
Theoremfsumdivapc 11359* A finite sum divided by a constant. (Contributed by NM, 2-Jan-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑𝐶 # 0)       (𝜑 → (Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵 / 𝐶) = Σ𝑘𝐴 (𝐵 / 𝐶))
 
Theoremfsumneg 11360* Negation of a finite sum. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 12-Jun-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝐴 -𝐵 = -Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵)
 
Theoremfsumsub 11361* Split a finite sum over a subtraction. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 12-Jun-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝐴 (𝐵𝐶) = (Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵 − Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐶))
 
Theoremfsum2mul 11362* Separate the nested sum of the product 𝐶(𝑗) · 𝐷(𝑘). (Contributed by NM, 13-Nov-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑗𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐵) → 𝐷 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑗𝐴 Σ𝑘𝐵 (𝐶 · 𝐷) = (Σ𝑗𝐴 𝐶 · Σ𝑘𝐵 𝐷))
 
Theoremfsumconst 11363* The sum of constant terms (𝑘 is not free in 𝐵). (Contributed by NM, 24-Dec-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.)
((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ) → Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = ((♯‘𝐴) · 𝐵))
 
Theoremfsumdifsnconst 11364* The sum of constant terms (𝑘 is not free in 𝐶) over an index set excluding a singleton. (Contributed by AV, 7-Jan-2022.)
((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐵𝐴𝐶 ∈ ℂ) → Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵})𝐶 = (((♯‘𝐴) − 1) · 𝐶))
 
Theoremmodfsummodlem1 11365* Lemma for modfsummod 11367. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 1-Sep-2018.)
(∀𝑘 ∈ (𝐴 ∪ {𝑧})𝐵 ∈ ℤ → 𝑧 / 𝑘𝐵 ∈ ℤ)
 
Theoremmodfsummodlemstep 11366* Induction step for modfsummod 11367. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 1-Sep-2018.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 12-Oct-2022.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑 → ∀𝑘 ∈ (𝐴 ∪ {𝑧})𝐵 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑 → ¬ 𝑧𝐴)    &   (𝜑 → (Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵 mod 𝑁) = (Σ𝑘𝐴 (𝐵 mod 𝑁) mod 𝑁))       (𝜑 → (Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝐴 ∪ {𝑧})𝐵 mod 𝑁) = (Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝐴 ∪ {𝑧})(𝐵 mod 𝑁) mod 𝑁))
 
Theoremmodfsummod 11367* A finite sum modulo a positive integer equals the finite sum of their summands modulo the positive integer, modulo the positive integer. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 1-Sep-2018.)
(𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑 → ∀𝑘𝐴 𝐵 ∈ ℤ)       (𝜑 → (Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵 mod 𝑁) = (Σ𝑘𝐴 (𝐵 mod 𝑁) mod 𝑁))
 
Theoremfsumge0 11368* If all of the terms of a finite sum are nonnegative, so is the sum. (Contributed by NM, 26-Dec-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 0 ≤ 𝐵)       (𝜑 → 0 ≤ Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵)
 
Theoremfsumlessfi 11369* A shorter sum of nonnegative terms is no greater than a longer one. (Contributed by NM, 26-Dec-2005.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 12-Oct-2022.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 0 ≤ 𝐵)    &   (𝜑𝐶𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ Fin)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝐶 𝐵 ≤ Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵)
 
Theoremfsumge1 11370* A sum of nonnegative numbers is greater than or equal to any one of its terms. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 4-Jun-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 0 ≤ 𝐵)    &   (𝑘 = 𝑀𝐵 = 𝐶)    &   (𝜑𝑀𝐴)       (𝜑𝐶 ≤ Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵)
 
Theoremfsum00 11371* A sum of nonnegative numbers is zero iff all terms are zero. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 0 ≤ 𝐵)       (𝜑 → (Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = 0 ↔ ∀𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = 0))
 
Theoremfsumle 11372* If all of the terms of finite sums compare, so do the sums. (Contributed by NM, 11-Dec-2005.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵𝐶)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵 ≤ Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐶)
 
Theoremfsumlt 11373* If every term in one finite sum is less than the corresponding term in another, then the first sum is less than the second. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-Jun-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ≠ ∅)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 < 𝐶)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵 < Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐶)
 
Theoremfsumabs 11374* Generalized triangle inequality: the absolute value of a finite sum is less than or equal to the sum of absolute values. (Contributed by NM, 9-Nov-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → (abs‘Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵) ≤ Σ𝑘𝐴 (abs‘𝐵))
 
Theoremtelfsumo 11375* Sum of a telescoping series, using half-open intervals. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-May-2016.)
(𝑘 = 𝑗𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   (𝑘 = (𝑗 + 1) → 𝐴 = 𝐶)    &   (𝑘 = 𝑀𝐴 = 𝐷)    &   (𝑘 = 𝑁𝐴 = 𝐸)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑗 ∈ (𝑀..^𝑁)(𝐵𝐶) = (𝐷𝐸))
 
Theoremtelfsumo2 11376* Sum of a telescoping series. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-May-2016.)
(𝑘 = 𝑗𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   (𝑘 = (𝑗 + 1) → 𝐴 = 𝐶)    &   (𝑘 = 𝑀𝐴 = 𝐷)    &   (𝑘 = 𝑁𝐴 = 𝐸)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑗 ∈ (𝑀..^𝑁)(𝐶𝐵) = (𝐸𝐷))
 
Theoremtelfsum 11377* Sum of a telescoping series. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 24-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 2-May-2016.)
(𝑘 = 𝑗𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   (𝑘 = (𝑗 + 1) → 𝐴 = 𝐶)    &   (𝑘 = 𝑀𝐴 = 𝐷)    &   (𝑘 = (𝑁 + 1) → 𝐴 = 𝐸)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑 → (𝑁 + 1) ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...(𝑁 + 1))) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑗 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)(𝐵𝐶) = (𝐷𝐸))
 
Theoremtelfsum2 11378* Sum of a telescoping series. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Jun-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 2-May-2016.)
(𝑘 = 𝑗𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   (𝑘 = (𝑗 + 1) → 𝐴 = 𝐶)    &   (𝑘 = 𝑀𝐴 = 𝐷)    &   (𝑘 = (𝑁 + 1) → 𝐴 = 𝐸)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑 → (𝑁 + 1) ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...(𝑁 + 1))) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑗 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)(𝐶𝐵) = (𝐸𝐷))
 
Theoremfsumparts 11379* Summation by parts. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Apr-2016.)
(𝑘 = 𝑗 → (𝐴 = 𝐵𝑉 = 𝑊))    &   (𝑘 = (𝑗 + 1) → (𝐴 = 𝐶𝑉 = 𝑋))    &   (𝑘 = 𝑀 → (𝐴 = 𝐷𝑉 = 𝑌))    &   (𝑘 = 𝑁 → (𝐴 = 𝐸𝑉 = 𝑍))    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → 𝑉 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑗 ∈ (𝑀..^𝑁)(𝐵 · (𝑋𝑊)) = (((𝐸 · 𝑍) − (𝐷 · 𝑌)) − Σ𝑗 ∈ (𝑀..^𝑁)((𝐶𝐵) · 𝑋)))
 
Theoremfsumrelem 11380* Lemma for fsumre 11381, fsumim 11382, and fsumcj 11383. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 25-Jul-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 27-Dec-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   𝐹:ℂ⟶ℂ    &   ((𝑥 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑦 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑦)) = ((𝐹𝑥) + (𝐹𝑦)))       (𝜑 → (𝐹‘Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵) = Σ𝑘𝐴 (𝐹𝐵))
 
Theoremfsumre 11381* The real part of a sum. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 9-Nov-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 25-Jul-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → (ℜ‘Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵) = Σ𝑘𝐴 (ℜ‘𝐵))
 
Theoremfsumim 11382* The imaginary part of a sum. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 9-Nov-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 25-Jul-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → (ℑ‘Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵) = Σ𝑘𝐴 (ℑ‘𝐵))
 
Theoremfsumcj 11383* The complex conjugate of a sum. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 9-Nov-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 25-Jul-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → (∗‘Σ𝑘𝐴 𝐵) = Σ𝑘𝐴 (∗‘𝐵))
 
Theoremiserabs 11384* Generalized triangle inequality: the absolute value of an infinite sum is less than or equal to the sum of absolute values. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 10-Sep-2007.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 14-Dec-2022.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝐴)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐺) ⇝ 𝐵)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐺𝑘) = (abs‘(𝐹𝑘)))       (𝜑 → (abs‘𝐴) ≤ 𝐵)
 
Theoremcvgcmpub 11385* An upper bound for the limit of a real infinite series. This theorem can also be used to compare two infinite series. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Mar-2014.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑁𝑍)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) ∈ ℝ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐺𝑘) ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝐴)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐺) ⇝ 𝐵)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐺𝑘) ≤ (𝐹𝑘))       (𝜑𝐵𝐴)
 
Theoremfsumiun 11386* Sum over a disjoint indexed union. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 1-Jul-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 10-Dec-2016.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑Disj 𝑥𝐴 𝐵)    &   ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥𝐴𝑘𝐵)) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘 𝑥𝐴 𝐵𝐶 = Σ𝑥𝐴 Σ𝑘𝐵 𝐶)
 
Theoremhashiun 11387* The cardinality of a disjoint indexed union. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Jan-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 10-Dec-2016.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑Disj 𝑥𝐴 𝐵)       (𝜑 → (♯‘ 𝑥𝐴 𝐵) = Σ𝑥𝐴 (♯‘𝐵))
 
Theoremhash2iun 11388* The cardinality of a nested disjoint indexed union. (Contributed by AV, 9-Jan-2022.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐴𝑦𝐵) → 𝐶 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑Disj 𝑥𝐴 𝑦𝐵 𝐶)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐴) → Disj 𝑦𝐵 𝐶)       (𝜑 → (♯‘ 𝑥𝐴 𝑦𝐵 𝐶) = Σ𝑥𝐴 Σ𝑦𝐵 (♯‘𝐶))
 
Theoremhash2iun1dif1 11389* The cardinality of a nested disjoint indexed union. (Contributed by AV, 9-Jan-2022.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   𝐵 = (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥})    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐴𝑦𝐵) → 𝐶 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑Disj 𝑥𝐴 𝑦𝐵 𝐶)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐴) → Disj 𝑦𝐵 𝐶)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐴𝑦𝐵) → (♯‘𝐶) = 1)       (𝜑 → (♯‘ 𝑥𝐴 𝑦𝐵 𝐶) = ((♯‘𝐴) · ((♯‘𝐴) − 1)))
 
Theoremhashrabrex 11390* The number of elements in a class abstraction with a restricted existential quantification. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 29-Jul-2018.)
(𝜑𝑌 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑦𝑌) → {𝑥𝑋𝜓} ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑Disj 𝑦𝑌 {𝑥𝑋𝜓})       (𝜑 → (♯‘{𝑥𝑋 ∣ ∃𝑦𝑌 𝜓}) = Σ𝑦𝑌 (♯‘{𝑥𝑋𝜓}))
 
Theoremhashuni 11391* The cardinality of a disjoint union. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Jan-2015.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ⊆ Fin)    &   (𝜑Disj 𝑥𝐴 𝑥)       (𝜑 → (♯‘ 𝐴) = Σ𝑥𝐴 (♯‘𝑥))
 
4.8.3  The binomial theorem
 
Theorembinomlem 11392* Lemma for binom 11393 (binomial theorem). Inductive step. (Contributed by NM, 6-Dec-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℕ0)    &   (𝜓 → ((𝐴 + 𝐵)↑𝑁) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((𝑁C𝑘) · ((𝐴↑(𝑁𝑘)) · (𝐵𝑘))))       ((𝜑𝜓) → ((𝐴 + 𝐵)↑(𝑁 + 1)) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...(𝑁 + 1))(((𝑁 + 1)C𝑘) · ((𝐴↑((𝑁 + 1) − 𝑘)) · (𝐵𝑘))))
 
Theorembinom 11393* The binomial theorem: (𝐴 + 𝐵)↑𝑁 is the sum from 𝑘 = 0 to 𝑁 of (𝑁C𝑘) · ((𝐴𝑘) · (𝐵↑(𝑁𝑘)). Theorem 15-2.8 of [Gleason] p. 296. This part of the proof sets up the induction and does the base case, with the bulk of the work (the induction step) in binomlem 11392. This is Metamath 100 proof #44. (Contributed by NM, 7-Dec-2005.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.)
((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) → ((𝐴 + 𝐵)↑𝑁) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((𝑁C𝑘) · ((𝐴↑(𝑁𝑘)) · (𝐵𝑘))))
 
Theorembinom1p 11394* Special case of the binomial theorem for (1 + 𝐴)↑𝑁. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 10-May-2007.)
((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) → ((1 + 𝐴)↑𝑁) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((𝑁C𝑘) · (𝐴𝑘)))
 
Theorembinom11 11395* Special case of the binomial theorem for 2↑𝑁. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Mar-2014.)
(𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → (2↑𝑁) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)(𝑁C𝑘))
 
Theorembinom1dif 11396* A summation for the difference between ((𝐴 + 1)↑𝑁) and (𝐴𝑁). (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 9-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 22-May-2014.)
((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) → (((𝐴 + 1)↑𝑁) − (𝐴𝑁)) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...(𝑁 − 1))((𝑁C𝑘) · (𝐴𝑘)))
 
Theorembcxmaslem1 11397 Lemma for bcxmas 11398. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 18-May-2007.)
(𝐴 = 𝐵 → ((𝑁 + 𝐴)C𝐴) = ((𝑁 + 𝐵)C𝐵))
 
Theorembcxmas 11398* Parallel summation (Christmas Stocking) theorem for Pascal's Triangle. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 18-May-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.)
((𝑁 ∈ ℕ0𝑀 ∈ ℕ0) → (((𝑁 + 1) + 𝑀)C𝑀) = Σ𝑗 ∈ (0...𝑀)((𝑁 + 𝑗)C𝑗))
 
4.8.4  Infinite sums (cont.)
 
Theoremisumshft 11399* Index shift of an infinite sum. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 31-Oct-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   𝑊 = (ℤ‘(𝑀 + 𝐾))    &   (𝑗 = (𝐾 + 𝑘) → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   (𝜑𝐾 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ((𝜑𝑗𝑊) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → Σ𝑗𝑊 𝐴 = Σ𝑘𝑍 𝐵)
 
Theoremisumsplit 11400* Split off the first 𝑁 terms of an infinite sum. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 9-Feb-2008.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 21-Oct-2022.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   𝑊 = (ℤ𝑁)    &   (𝜑𝑁𝑍)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) = 𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ )       (𝜑 → Σ𝑘𝑍 𝐴 = (Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...(𝑁 − 1))𝐴 + Σ𝑘𝑊 𝐴))
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