P. 35 of Theorem List - Intuitionistic Logic Explorer

Theorem List for Intuitionistic Logic Explorer - 3401-3500   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	undif1ss 3401	Absorption of difference by union. In classical logic, as Theorem 35 of [Suppes] p. 29, this would be equality rather than subset. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 4-Aug-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∖ 𝐵) ∪ 𝐵) ⊆ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
Theorem	undif2ss 3402	Absorption of difference by union. In classical logic, as in Part of proof of Corollary 6K of [Enderton] p. 144, this would be equality rather than subset. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 4-Aug-2018.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 ∖ 𝐴)) ⊆ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
Theorem	undifabs 3403	Absorption of difference by union. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-2013.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∪ (𝐴 ∖ 𝐵)) = 𝐴
Theorem	inundifss 3404	The intersection and class difference of a class with another class are contained in the original class. In classical logic we'd be able to make a stronger statement: that everything in the original class is in the intersection or the difference (that is, this theorem would be equality rather than subset). (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 4-Aug-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∖ 𝐵)) ⊆ 𝐴
Theorem	disjdif2 3405	The difference of a class and a class disjoint from it is the original class. (Contributed by BJ, 21-Apr-2019.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = ∅ → (𝐴 ∖ 𝐵) = 𝐴)
Theorem	difun2 3406	Absorption of union by difference. Theorem 36 of [Suppes] p. 29. (Contributed by NM, 19-May-1998.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∖ 𝐵) = (𝐴 ∖ 𝐵)
Theorem	undifss 3407	Union of complementary parts into whole. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 4-Aug-2018.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ↔ (𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 ∖ 𝐴)) ⊆ 𝐵)
Theorem	ssdifin0 3408	A subset of a difference does not intersect the subtrahend. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 1-Sep-2013.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 24-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ (𝐵 ∖ 𝐶) → (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) = ∅)
Theorem	ssdifeq0 3409	A class is a subclass of itself subtracted from another iff it is the empty set. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 20-Nov-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ (𝐵 ∖ 𝐴) ↔ 𝐴 = ∅)
Theorem	ssundifim 3410	A consequence of inclusion in the union of two classes. In classical logic this would be a biconditional. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 4-Aug-2018.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) → (𝐴 ∖ 𝐵) ⊆ 𝐶)
Theorem	difdifdirss 3411	Distributive law for class difference. In classical logic, as in Exercise 4.8 of [Stoll] p. 16, this would be equality rather than subset. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 4-Aug-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∖ 𝐵) ∖ 𝐶) ⊆ ((𝐴 ∖ 𝐶) ∖ (𝐵 ∖ 𝐶))
Theorem	uneqdifeqim 3412	Two ways that 𝐴 and 𝐵 can "partition" 𝐶 (when 𝐴 and 𝐵 don't overlap and 𝐴 is a part of 𝐶). In classical logic, the second implication would be a biconditional. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 4-Aug-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ⊆ 𝐶 ∧ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = ∅) → ((𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝐶 → (𝐶 ∖ 𝐴) = 𝐵))
Theorem	r19.2m 3413*	Theorem 19.2 of [Margaris] p. 89 with restricted quantifiers (compare 19.2 1598). The restricted version is valid only when the domain of quantification is inhabited. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-Aug-2018.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 7-Apr-2023.)
⊢ ((∃𝑦 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑)
Theorem	r19.2mOLD 3414*	Theorem 19.2 of [Margaris] p. 89 with restricted quantifiers (compare 19.2 1598). The restricted version is valid only when the domain of quantification is inhabited. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-Aug-2018.) Obsolete version of r19.2m 3413 as of 7-Apr-2023. (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ ((∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑)
Theorem	r19.3rm 3415*	Restricted quantification of wff not containing quantified variable. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 19-Dec-2018.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    ⇒   ⊢ (∃𝑦 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑))
Theorem	r19.28m 3416*	Restricted quantifier version of Theorem 19.28 of [Margaris] p. 90. It is valid only when the domain of quantification is inhabited. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-Aug-2018.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    ⇒   ⊢ (∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ↔ (𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓)))
Theorem	r19.3rmv 3417*	Restricted quantification of wff not containing quantified variable. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 6-Aug-2018.)
⊢ (∃𝑦 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑))
Theorem	r19.9rmv 3418*	Restricted quantification of wff not containing quantified variable. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-Aug-2018.)
⊢ (∃𝑦 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑))
Theorem	r19.28mv 3419*	Restricted quantifier version of Theorem 19.28 of [Margaris] p. 90. It is valid only when the domain of quantification is inhabited. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 6-Aug-2018.)
⊢ (∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ↔ (𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓)))
Theorem	r19.45mv 3420*	Restricted version of Theorem 19.45 of [Margaris] p. 90. (Contributed by NM, 27-May-1998.)
⊢ (∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝜑 ∨ 𝜓) ↔ (𝜑 ∨ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓)))
Theorem	r19.44mv 3421*	Restricted version of Theorem 19.44 of [Margaris] p. 90. (Contributed by NM, 27-May-1998.)
⊢ (∃𝑦 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 → (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝜑 ∨ 𝜓) ↔ (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ∨ 𝜓)))
Theorem	r19.27m 3422*	Restricted quantifier version of Theorem 19.27 of [Margaris] p. 90. It is valid only when the domain of quantification is inhabited. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-Aug-2018.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜓    ⇒   ⊢ (∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ↔ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ∧ 𝜓)))
Theorem	r19.27mv 3423*	Restricted quantifier version of Theorem 19.27 of [Margaris] p. 90. It is valid only when the domain of quantification is inhabited. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-Aug-2018.)
⊢ (∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ↔ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ∧ 𝜓)))
Theorem	rzal 3424*	Vacuous quantification is always true. (Contributed by NM, 11-Mar-1997.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 26-Jun-2011.)
⊢ (𝐴 = ∅ → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑)
Theorem	rexn0 3425*	Restricted existential quantification implies its restriction is nonempty (it is also inhabited as shown in rexm 3426). (Contributed by Szymon Jaroszewicz, 3-Apr-2007.)
⊢ (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 → 𝐴 ≠ ∅)
Theorem	rexm 3426*	Restricted existential quantification implies its restriction is inhabited. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 16-Oct-2018.)
⊢ (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 → ∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	ralidm 3427*	Idempotent law for restricted quantifier. (Contributed by NM, 28-Mar-1997.)
⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑)
Theorem	ral0 3428	Vacuous universal quantification is always true. (Contributed by NM, 20-Oct-2005.)
⊢ ∀𝑥 ∈ ∅ 𝜑
Theorem	rgenm 3429*	Generalization rule that eliminates an inhabited class requirement. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-Aug-2018.)
⊢ ((∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝜑)    ⇒   ⊢ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑
Theorem	ralf0 3430*	The quantification of a falsehood is vacuous when true. (Contributed by NM, 26-Nov-2005.)
⊢ ¬ 𝜑    ⇒   ⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ↔ 𝐴 = ∅)
Theorem	ralm 3431	Inhabited classes and restricted quantification. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 6-Aug-2018.)
⊢ ((∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑)
Theorem	raaanlem 3432*	Special case of raaan 3433 where 𝐴 is inhabited. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 6-Aug-2018.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝜑    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜓    ⇒   ⊢ (∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ↔ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓)))
Theorem	raaan 3433*	Rearrange restricted quantifiers. (Contributed by NM, 26-Oct-2010.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝜑    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜓    ⇒   ⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ↔ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓))
Theorem	raaanv 3434*	Rearrange restricted quantifiers. (Contributed by NM, 11-Mar-1997.)
⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ↔ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓))
Theorem	sbss 3435*	Set substitution into the first argument of a subset relation. (Contributed by Rodolfo Medina, 7-Jul-2010.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 14-Nov-2016.)
⊢ ([𝑦 / 𝑥]𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ↔ 𝑦 ⊆ 𝐴)
Theorem	sbcssg 3436	Distribute proper substitution through a subclass relation. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 22-Jul-2012.) (Proof shortened by Alexander van der Vekens, 23-Jul-2017.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → ([𝐴 / 𝑥]𝐵 ⊆ 𝐶 ↔ ⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌𝐵 ⊆ ⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌𝐶))
Theorem	dcun 3437	The union of two decidable classes is decidable. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-Oct-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → DECID 𝑘 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → DECID 𝑘 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → DECID 𝑘 ∈ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵))
2.1.15  Conditional operator
Syntax	cif 3438	Extend class notation to include the conditional operator. See df-if 3439 for a description. (In older databases this was denoted "ded".)
class if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐵)
Definition	df-if 3439*	Define the conditional operator. Read if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐵) as "if 𝜑 then 𝐴 else 𝐵." See iftrue 3443 and iffalse 3446 for its values. In mathematical literature, this operator is rarely defined formally but is implicit in informal definitions such as "let f(x)=0 if x=0 and 1/x otherwise." In the absence of excluded middle, this will tend to be useful where 𝜑 is decidable (in the sense of df-dc 803). (Contributed by NM, 15-May-1999.)
⊢ if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐵) = {𝑥 ∣ ((𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝜑) ∨ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ ¬ 𝜑))}
Theorem	dfif6 3440*	An alternate definition of the conditional operator df-if 3439 as a simple class abstraction. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 8-Sep-2013.)
⊢ if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐵) = ({𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} ∪ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ ¬ 𝜑})
Theorem	ifeq1 3441	Equality theorem for conditional operator. (Contributed by NM, 1-Sep-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 8-Sep-2013.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐶) = if(𝜑, 𝐵, 𝐶))
Theorem	ifeq2 3442	Equality theorem for conditional operator. (Contributed by NM, 1-Sep-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 8-Sep-2013.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → if(𝜑, 𝐶, 𝐴) = if(𝜑, 𝐶, 𝐵))
Theorem	iftrue 3443	Value of the conditional operator when its first argument is true. (Contributed by NM, 15-May-1999.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 26-Jun-2011.)
⊢ (𝜑 → if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐵) = 𝐴)
Theorem	iftruei 3444	Inference associated with iftrue 3443. (Contributed by BJ, 7-Oct-2018.)
⊢ 𝜑    ⇒   ⊢ if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐵) = 𝐴
Theorem	iftrued 3445	Value of the conditional operator when its first argument is true. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝜒)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → if(𝜒, 𝐴, 𝐵) = 𝐴)
Theorem	iffalse 3446	Value of the conditional operator when its first argument is false. (Contributed by NM, 14-Aug-1999.)
⊢ (¬ 𝜑 → if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐵) = 𝐵)
Theorem	iffalsei 3447	Inference associated with iffalse 3446. (Contributed by BJ, 7-Oct-2018.)
⊢ ¬ 𝜑    ⇒   ⊢ if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐵) = 𝐵
Theorem	iffalsed 3448	Value of the conditional operator when its first argument is false. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝜒)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → if(𝜒, 𝐴, 𝐵) = 𝐵)
Theorem	ifnefalse 3449	When values are unequal, but an "if" condition checks if they are equal, then the "false" branch results. This is a simple utility to provide a slight shortening and simplification of proofs versus applying iffalse 3446 directly in this case. (Contributed by David A. Wheeler, 15-May-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 → if(𝐴 = 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷) = 𝐷)
Theorem	ifsbdc 3450	Distribute a function over an if-clause. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 1-Jan-2022.)
⊢ (if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐵) = 𝐴 → 𝐶 = 𝐷)    &   ⊢ (if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐵) = 𝐵 → 𝐶 = 𝐸)    ⇒   ⊢ (DECID 𝜑 → 𝐶 = if(𝜑, 𝐷, 𝐸))
Theorem	dfif3 3451*	Alternate definition of the conditional operator df-if 3439. Note that 𝜑 is independent of 𝑥 i.e. a constant true or false. (Contributed by NM, 25-Aug-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 8-Sep-2013.)
⊢ 𝐶 = {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑}    ⇒   ⊢ if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐵) = ((𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) ∪ (𝐵 ∩ (V ∖ 𝐶)))
Theorem	ifeq12 3452	Equality theorem for conditional operators. (Contributed by NM, 1-Sep-2004.)
⊢ ((𝐴 = 𝐵 ∧ 𝐶 = 𝐷) → if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐶) = if(𝜑, 𝐵, 𝐷))
Theorem	ifeq1d 3453	Equality deduction for conditional operator. (Contributed by NM, 16-Feb-2005.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → if(𝜓, 𝐴, 𝐶) = if(𝜓, 𝐵, 𝐶))
Theorem	ifeq2d 3454	Equality deduction for conditional operator. (Contributed by NM, 16-Feb-2005.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → if(𝜓, 𝐶, 𝐴) = if(𝜓, 𝐶, 𝐵))
Theorem	ifeq12d 3455	Equality deduction for conditional operator. (Contributed by NM, 24-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 = 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → if(𝜓, 𝐴, 𝐶) = if(𝜓, 𝐵, 𝐷))
Theorem	ifbi 3456	Equivalence theorem for conditional operators. (Contributed by Raph Levien, 15-Jan-2004.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ↔ 𝜓) → if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐵) = if(𝜓, 𝐴, 𝐵))
Theorem	ifbid 3457	Equivalence deduction for conditional operators. (Contributed by NM, 18-Apr-2005.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → if(𝜓, 𝐴, 𝐵) = if(𝜒, 𝐴, 𝐵))
Theorem	ifbieq1d 3458	Equivalence/equality deduction for conditional operators. (Contributed by JJ, 25-Sep-2018.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → if(𝜓, 𝐴, 𝐶) = if(𝜒, 𝐵, 𝐶))
Theorem	ifbieq2i 3459	Equivalence/equality inference for conditional operators. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 22-Jun-2011.)
⊢ (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓)    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = 𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ if(𝜑, 𝐶, 𝐴) = if(𝜓, 𝐶, 𝐵)
Theorem	ifbieq2d 3460	Equivalence/equality deduction for conditional operators. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 22-Jun-2011.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → if(𝜓, 𝐶, 𝐴) = if(𝜒, 𝐶, 𝐵))
Theorem	ifbieq12i 3461	Equivalence deduction for conditional operators. (Contributed by NM, 18-Mar-2013.)
⊢ (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓)    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = 𝐶    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = 𝐷    ⇒   ⊢ if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐵) = if(𝜓, 𝐶, 𝐷)
Theorem	ifbieq12d 3462	Equivalence deduction for conditional operators. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 = 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → if(𝜓, 𝐴, 𝐵) = if(𝜒, 𝐶, 𝐷))
Theorem	nfifd 3463	Deduction version of nfif 3464. (Contributed by NM, 15-Feb-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 13-Oct-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥𝜓)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥if(𝜓, 𝐴, 𝐵))
Theorem	nfif 3464	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for a conditional operator. (Contributed by NM, 16-Feb-2005.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 26-Jun-2011.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐵)
Theorem	ifcldadc 3465	Conditional closure. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 11-Jan-2022.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ ¬ 𝜓) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → DECID 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → if(𝜓, 𝐴, 𝐵) ∈ 𝐶)
Theorem	ifeq1dadc 3466	Conditional equality. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 1-Jan-2022.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → DECID 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → if(𝜓, 𝐴, 𝐶) = if(𝜓, 𝐵, 𝐶))
Theorem	ifbothdadc 3467	A formula 𝜃 containing a decidable conditional operator is true when both of its cases are true. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 3-Jun-2022.)
⊢ (𝐴 = if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐵) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝐵 = if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐵) → (𝜒 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ ((𝜂 ∧ 𝜑) → 𝜓)    &   ⊢ ((𝜂 ∧ ¬ 𝜑) → 𝜒)    &   ⊢ (𝜂 → DECID 𝜑)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜂 → 𝜃)
Theorem	ifbothdc 3468	A wff 𝜃 containing a conditional operator is true when both of its cases are true. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 8-Aug-2021.)
⊢ (𝐴 = if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐵) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝐵 = if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐵) → (𝜒 ↔ 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜓 ∧ 𝜒 ∧ DECID 𝜑) → 𝜃)
Theorem	ifiddc 3469	Identical true and false arguments in the conditional operator. (Contributed by NM, 18-Apr-2005.)
⊢ (DECID 𝜑 → if(𝜑, 𝐴, 𝐴) = 𝐴)
Theorem	eqifdc 3470	Expansion of an equality with a conditional operator. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 28-Jul-2022.)
⊢ (DECID 𝜑 → (𝐴 = if(𝜑, 𝐵, 𝐶) ↔ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝐴 = 𝐵) ∨ (¬ 𝜑 ∧ 𝐴 = 𝐶))))
Theorem	ifcldcd 3471	Membership (closure) of a conditional operator, deduction form. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 8-Aug-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → DECID 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → if(𝜓, 𝐴, 𝐵) ∈ 𝐶)
Theorem	ifandc 3472	Rewrite a conjunction in a conditional as two nested conditionals. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (DECID 𝜑 → if((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓), 𝐴, 𝐵) = if(𝜑, if(𝜓, 𝐴, 𝐵), 𝐵))
Theorem	ifmdc 3473	If a conditional class is inhabited, then the condition is decidable. This shows that conditionals are not very useful unless one can prove the condition decidable. (Contributed by BJ, 24-Sep-2022.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ if(𝜑, 𝐵, 𝐶) → DECID 𝜑)
2.1.16  Power classes
Syntax	cpw 3474	Extend class notation to include power class. (The tilde in the Metamath token is meant to suggest the calligraphic font of the P.)
class 𝒫 𝐴
Theorem	pwjust 3475*	Soundness justification theorem for df-pw 3476. (Contributed by Rodolfo Medina, 28-Apr-2010.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 29-Jun-2011.)
⊢ {𝑥 ∣ 𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴} = {𝑦 ∣ 𝑦 ⊆ 𝐴}
Definition	df-pw 3476*	Define power class. Definition 5.10 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 17, but we also let it apply to proper classes, i.e. those that are not members of V. When applied to a set, this produces its power set. A power set of S is the set of all subsets of S, including the empty set and S itself. For example, if 𝐴 is { 3 , 5 , 7 }, then 𝒫 𝐴 is { (/) , { 3 } , { 5 } , { 7 } , { 3 , 5 } , { 3 , 7 } , { 5 , 7 } , { 3 , 5 , 7 } }. We will later introduce the Axiom of Power Sets. Still later we will prove that the size of the power set of a finite set is 2 raised to the power of the size of the set. (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1993.)
⊢ 𝒫 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∣ 𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴}
Theorem	pweq 3477	Equality theorem for power class. (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1993.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → 𝒫 𝐴 = 𝒫 𝐵)
Theorem	pweqi 3478	Equality inference for power class. (Contributed by NM, 27-Nov-2013.)
⊢ 𝐴 = 𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ 𝒫 𝐴 = 𝒫 𝐵
Theorem	pweqd 3479	Equality deduction for power class. (Contributed by NM, 27-Nov-2013.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝒫 𝐴 = 𝒫 𝐵)
Theorem	elpw 3480	Membership in a power class. Theorem 86 of [Suppes] p. 47. (Contributed by NM, 31-Dec-1993.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵 ↔ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵)
Theorem	selpw 3481*	Setvar variable membership in a power class (common case). See elpw 3480. (Contributed by David A. Wheeler, 8-Dec-2018.)
⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝒫 𝐴 ↔ 𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴)
Theorem	elpwg 3482	Membership in a power class. Theorem 86 of [Suppes] p. 47. (Contributed by NM, 6-Aug-2000.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐴 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵 ↔ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵))
Theorem	elpwi 3483	Subset relation implied by membership in a power class. (Contributed by NM, 17-Feb-2007.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵 → 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵)
Theorem	elpwb 3484	Characterization of the elements of a power class. (Contributed by BJ, 29-Apr-2021.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵 ↔ (𝐴 ∈ V ∧ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵))
Theorem	elpwid 3485	An element of a power class is a subclass. Deduction form of elpwi 3483. (Contributed by David Moews, 1-May-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵)
Theorem	elelpwi 3486	If 𝐴 belongs to a part of 𝐶 then 𝐴 belongs to 𝐶. (Contributed by FL, 3-Aug-2009.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝒫 𝐶) → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐶)
Theorem	nfpw 3487	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for power class. (Contributed by NM, 28-Oct-2003.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 13-Oct-2016.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝒫 𝐴
Theorem	pwidg 3488	Membership of the original in a power set. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 1-Feb-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝒫 𝐴)
Theorem	pwid 3489	A set is a member of its power class. Theorem 87 of [Suppes] p. 47. (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1993.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐴 ∈ 𝒫 𝐴
Theorem	pwss 3490*	Subclass relationship for power class. (Contributed by NM, 21-Jun-2009.)
⊢ (𝒫 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ↔ ∀𝑥(𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 → 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵))
2.1.17  Unordered and ordered pairs
Syntax	csn 3491	Extend class notation to include singleton.
class {𝐴}
Syntax	cpr 3492	Extend class notation to include unordered pair.
class {𝐴, 𝐵}
Syntax	ctp 3493	Extend class notation to include unordered triplet.
class {𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶}
Syntax	cop 3494	Extend class notation to include ordered pair.
class ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩
Syntax	cotp 3495	Extend class notation to include ordered triple.
class ⟨𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶⟩
Theorem	snjust 3496*	Soundness justification theorem for df-sn 3497. (Contributed by Rodolfo Medina, 28-Apr-2010.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 29-Jun-2011.)
⊢ {𝑥 ∣ 𝑥 = 𝐴} = {𝑦 ∣ 𝑦 = 𝐴}
Definition	df-sn 3497*	Define the singleton of a class. Definition 7.1 of [Quine] p. 48. For convenience, it is well-defined for proper classes, i.e., those that are not elements of V, although it is not very meaningful in this case. For an alternate definition see dfsn2 3505. (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1993.)
⊢ {𝐴} = {𝑥 ∣ 𝑥 = 𝐴}
Definition	df-pr 3498	Define unordered pair of classes. Definition 7.1 of [Quine] p. 48. They are unordered, so {𝐴, 𝐵} = {𝐵, 𝐴} as proven by prcom 3563. For a more traditional definition, but requiring a dummy variable, see dfpr2 3510. (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1993.)
⊢ {𝐴, 𝐵} = ({𝐴} ∪ {𝐵})
Definition	df-tp 3499	Define unordered triple of classes. Definition of [Enderton] p. 19. (Contributed by NM, 9-Apr-1994.)
⊢ {𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶} = ({𝐴, 𝐵} ∪ {𝐶})
Definition	df-op 3500*	Definition of an ordered pair, equivalent to Kuratowski's definition {{𝐴}, {𝐴, 𝐵}} when the arguments are sets. Since the behavior of Kuratowski definition is not very useful for proper classes, we define it to be empty in this case (see opprc1 3691 and opprc2 3692). For Kuratowski's actual definition when the arguments are sets, see dfop 3668. Definition 9.1 of [Quine] p. 58 defines an ordered pair unconditionally as ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ = {{𝐴}, {𝐴, 𝐵}}, which has different behavior from our df-op 3500 when the arguments are proper classes. Ordinarily this difference is not important, since neither definition is meaningful in that case. Our df-op 3500 was chosen because it often makes proofs shorter by eliminating unnecessary sethood hypotheses. There are other ways to define ordered pairs. The basic requirement is that two ordered pairs are equal iff their respective members are equal. In 1914 Norbert Wiener gave the first successful definition ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩2 = {{{𝐴}, ∅}, {{𝐵}}}. This was simplified by Kazimierz Kuratowski in 1921 to our present definition. An even simpler definition is ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩3 = {𝐴, {𝐴, 𝐵}}, but it requires the Axiom of Regularity for its justification and is not commonly used. Finally, an ordered pair of real numbers can be represented by a complex number. (Contributed by NM, 28-May-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Apr-2015.)
⊢ ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ = {𝑥 ∣ (𝐴 ∈ V ∧ 𝐵 ∈ V ∧ 𝑥 ∈ {{𝐴}, {𝐴, 𝐵}})}