P. 35 of Theorem List - Intuitionistic Logic Explorer

Theorem List for Intuitionistic Logic Explorer - 3401-3500   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	ddifss 3401	Double complement under universal class. In classical logic (or given an additional hypothesis, as in ddifnel 3294), this is equality rather than subset. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 24-Jul-2018.)
⊢ 𝐴 ⊆ (V ∖ (V ∖ 𝐴))
Theorem	unssin 3402	Union as a subset of class complement and intersection (De Morgan's law). One direction of the definition of union in [Mendelson] p. 231. This would be an equality, rather than subset, in classical logic. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 25-Jul-2018.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ⊆ (V ∖ ((V ∖ 𝐴) ∩ (V ∖ 𝐵)))
Theorem	inssun 3403	Intersection in terms of class difference and union (De Morgan's law). Similar to Exercise 4.10(n) of [Mendelson] p. 231. This would be an equality, rather than subset, in classical logic. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 25-Jul-2018.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ⊆ (V ∖ ((V ∖ 𝐴) ∪ (V ∖ 𝐵)))
Theorem	inssddif 3404	Intersection of two classes and class difference. In classical logic, such as Exercise 4.10(q) of [Mendelson] p. 231, this is an equality rather than subset. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 26-Jul-2018.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ⊆ (𝐴 ∖ (𝐴 ∖ 𝐵))
Theorem	invdif 3405	Intersection with universal complement. Remark in [Stoll] p. 20. (Contributed by NM, 17-Aug-2004.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∩ (V ∖ 𝐵)) = (𝐴 ∖ 𝐵)
Theorem	indif 3406	Intersection with class difference. Theorem 34 of [Suppes] p. 29. (Contributed by NM, 17-Aug-2004.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ 𝐵)) = (𝐴 ∖ 𝐵)
Theorem	indif2 3407	Bring an intersection in and out of a class difference. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 15-Jul-2009.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∖ 𝐶)) = ((𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∖ 𝐶)
Theorem	indif1 3408	Bring an intersection in and out of a class difference. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-May-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∖ 𝐶) ∩ 𝐵) = ((𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∖ 𝐶)
Theorem	indifcom 3409	Commutation law for intersection and difference. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Feb-2013.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∖ 𝐶)) = (𝐵 ∩ (𝐴 ∖ 𝐶))
Theorem	indi 3410	Distributive law for intersection over union. Exercise 10 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 17. (Contributed by NM, 30-Sep-2002.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 26-Jun-2011.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)) = ((𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶))
Theorem	undi 3411	Distributive law for union over intersection. Exercise 11 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 17. (Contributed by NM, 30-Sep-2002.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 26-Jun-2011.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)) = ((𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐶))
Theorem	indir 3412	Distributive law for intersection over union. Theorem 28 of [Suppes] p. 27. (Contributed by NM, 30-Sep-2002.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∩ 𝐶) = ((𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) ∪ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶))
Theorem	undir 3413	Distributive law for union over intersection. Theorem 29 of [Suppes] p. 27. (Contributed by NM, 30-Sep-2002.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ 𝐶) = ((𝐴 ∪ 𝐶) ∩ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶))
Theorem	uneqin 3414	Equality of union and intersection implies equality of their arguments. (Contributed by NM, 16-Apr-2006.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 26-Jun-2011.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ↔ 𝐴 = 𝐵)
Theorem	difundi 3415	Distributive law for class difference. Theorem 39 of [Suppes] p. 29. (Contributed by NM, 17-Aug-2004.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∖ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)) = ((𝐴 ∖ 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 ∖ 𝐶))
Theorem	difundir 3416	Distributive law for class difference. (Contributed by NM, 17-Aug-2004.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∖ 𝐶) = ((𝐴 ∖ 𝐶) ∪ (𝐵 ∖ 𝐶))
Theorem	difindiss 3417	Distributive law for class difference. In classical logic, for example, theorem 40 of [Suppes] p. 29, this is an equality instead of subset. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 26-Jul-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∖ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∖ 𝐶)) ⊆ (𝐴 ∖ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶))
Theorem	difindir 3418	Distributive law for class difference. (Contributed by NM, 17-Aug-2004.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∖ 𝐶) = ((𝐴 ∖ 𝐶) ∩ (𝐵 ∖ 𝐶))
Theorem	indifdir 3419	Distribute intersection over difference. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 14-Apr-2011.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∖ 𝐵) ∩ 𝐶) = ((𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) ∖ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶))
Theorem	difdif2ss 3420	Set difference with a set difference. In classical logic this would be equality rather than subset. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 27-Jul-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∖ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)) ⊆ (𝐴 ∖ (𝐵 ∖ 𝐶))
Theorem	undm 3421	De Morgan's law for union. Theorem 5.2(13) of [Stoll] p. 19. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-2004.)
⊢ (V ∖ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)) = ((V ∖ 𝐴) ∩ (V ∖ 𝐵))
Theorem	indmss 3422	De Morgan's law for intersection. In classical logic, this would be equality rather than subset, as in Theorem 5.2(13') of [Stoll] p. 19. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 27-Jul-2018.)
⊢ ((V ∖ 𝐴) ∪ (V ∖ 𝐵)) ⊆ (V ∖ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵))
Theorem	difun1 3423	A relationship involving double difference and union. (Contributed by NM, 29-Aug-2004.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∖ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)) = ((𝐴 ∖ 𝐵) ∖ 𝐶)
Theorem	undif3ss 3424	A subset relationship involving class union and class difference. In classical logic, this would be equality rather than subset, as in the first equality of Exercise 13 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 22. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 28-Jul-2018.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 ∖ 𝐶)) ⊆ ((𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∖ (𝐶 ∖ 𝐴))
Theorem	difin2 3425	Represent a set difference as an intersection with a larger difference. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝐶 → (𝐴 ∖ 𝐵) = ((𝐶 ∖ 𝐵) ∩ 𝐴))
Theorem	dif32 3426	Swap second and third argument of double difference. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-2004.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∖ 𝐵) ∖ 𝐶) = ((𝐴 ∖ 𝐶) ∖ 𝐵)
Theorem	difabs 3427	Absorption-like law for class difference: you can remove a class only once. (Contributed by FL, 2-Aug-2009.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∖ 𝐵) ∖ 𝐵) = (𝐴 ∖ 𝐵)
Theorem	symdif1 3428	Two ways to express symmetric difference. This theorem shows the equivalence of the definition of symmetric difference in [Stoll] p. 13 and the restated definition in Example 4.1 of [Stoll] p. 262. (Contributed by NM, 17-Aug-2004.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∖ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐵 ∖ 𝐴)) = ((𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∖ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵))
2.1.13.5  Class abstractions with difference, union, and intersection of two classes
Theorem	symdifxor 3429*	Expressing symmetric difference with exclusive-or or two differences. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 28-Jul-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∖ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐵 ∖ 𝐴)) = {𝑥 ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ⊻ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵)}
Theorem	unab 3430	Union of two class abstractions. (Contributed by NM, 29-Sep-2002.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 26-Jun-2011.)
⊢ ({𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} ∪ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜓}) = {𝑥 ∣ (𝜑 ∨ 𝜓)}
Theorem	inab 3431	Intersection of two class abstractions. (Contributed by NM, 29-Sep-2002.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 26-Jun-2011.)
⊢ ({𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} ∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜓}) = {𝑥 ∣ (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓)}
Theorem	difab 3432	Difference of two class abstractions. (Contributed by NM, 23-Oct-2004.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 26-Jun-2011.)
⊢ ({𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} ∖ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜓}) = {𝑥 ∣ (𝜑 ∧ ¬ 𝜓)}
Theorem	notab 3433	A class builder defined by a negation. (Contributed by FL, 18-Sep-2010.)
⊢ {𝑥 ∣ ¬ 𝜑} = (V ∖ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑})
Theorem	unrab 3434	Union of two restricted class abstractions. (Contributed by NM, 25-Mar-2004.)
⊢ ({𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} ∪ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜓}) = {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ (𝜑 ∨ 𝜓)}
Theorem	inrab 3435	Intersection of two restricted class abstractions. (Contributed by NM, 1-Sep-2006.)
⊢ ({𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} ∩ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜓}) = {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓)}
Theorem	inrab2 3436*	Intersection with a restricted class abstraction. (Contributed by NM, 19-Nov-2007.)
⊢ ({𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} ∩ 𝐵) = {𝑥 ∈ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∣ 𝜑}
Theorem	difrab 3437	Difference of two restricted class abstractions. (Contributed by NM, 23-Oct-2004.)
⊢ ({𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} ∖ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜓}) = {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ (𝜑 ∧ ¬ 𝜓)}
Theorem	dfrab2 3438*	Alternate definition of restricted class abstraction. (Contributed by NM, 20-Sep-2003.)
⊢ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} = ({𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} ∩ 𝐴)
Theorem	dfrab3 3439*	Alternate definition of restricted class abstraction. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 8-Sep-2013.)
⊢ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} = (𝐴 ∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑})
Theorem	notrab 3440*	Complementation of restricted class abstractions. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 3-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑}) = {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ ¬ 𝜑}
Theorem	dfrab3ss 3441*	Restricted class abstraction with a common superset. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 12-Sep-2015.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 8-Nov-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 → {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} = (𝐴 ∩ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ 𝜑}))
Theorem	rabun2 3442	Abstraction restricted to a union. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 5-Feb-2015.)
⊢ {𝑥 ∈ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∣ 𝜑} = ({𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} ∪ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ 𝜑})
2.1.13.6  Restricted uniqueness with difference, union, and intersection
Theorem	reuss2 3443*	Transfer uniqueness to a smaller subclass. (Contributed by NM, 20-Oct-2005.)
⊢ (((𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝜑 → 𝜓)) ∧ (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ∧ ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝜓)) → ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑)
Theorem	reuss 3444*	Transfer uniqueness to a smaller subclass. (Contributed by NM, 21-Aug-1999.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ∧ ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑) → ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑)
Theorem	reuun1 3445*	Transfer uniqueness to a smaller class. (Contributed by NM, 21-Oct-2005.)
⊢ ((∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ∧ ∃!𝑥 ∈ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)(𝜑 ∨ 𝜓)) → ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑)
Theorem	reuun2 3446*	Transfer uniqueness to a smaller or larger class. (Contributed by NM, 21-Oct-2005.)
⊢ (¬ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑 → (∃!𝑥 ∈ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)𝜑 ↔ ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑))
Theorem	reupick 3447*	Restricted uniqueness "picks" a member of a subclass. (Contributed by NM, 21-Aug-1999.)
⊢ (((𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ∧ ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑)) ∧ 𝜑) → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↔ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵))
Theorem	reupick3 3448*	Restricted uniqueness "picks" a member of a subclass. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 19-Nov-2016.)
⊢ ((∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝜑 → 𝜓))
Theorem	reupick2 3449*	Restricted uniqueness "picks" a member of a subclass. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Dec-2013.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 19-Nov-2016.)
⊢ (((∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝜓 → 𝜑) ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓 ∧ ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))
2.1.14  The empty set
Syntax	c0 3450	Extend class notation to include the empty set.
class ∅
Definition	df-nul 3451	Define the empty set. Special case of Exercise 4.10(o) of [Mendelson] p. 231. For a more traditional definition, but requiring a dummy variable, see dfnul2 3452. (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1993.)
⊢ ∅ = (V ∖ V)
Theorem	dfnul2 3452	Alternate definition of the empty set. Definition 5.14 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 20. (Contributed by NM, 26-Dec-1996.)
⊢ ∅ = {𝑥 ∣ ¬ 𝑥 = 𝑥}
Theorem	dfnul3 3453	Alternate definition of the empty set. (Contributed by NM, 25-Mar-2004.)
⊢ ∅ = {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ ¬ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴}
Theorem	noel 3454	The empty set has no elements. Theorem 6.14 of [Quine] p. 44. (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1993.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 1-Sep-2015.)
⊢ ¬ 𝐴 ∈ ∅
Theorem	nel02 3455	The empty set has no elements. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 4-Jan-2018.)
⊢ (𝐴 = ∅ → ¬ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	n0i 3456	If a set has elements, it is not empty. A set with elements is also inhabited, see elex2 2779. (Contributed by NM, 31-Dec-1993.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 → ¬ 𝐴 = ∅)
Theorem	ne0i 3457	If a set has elements, it is not empty. A set with elements is also inhabited, see elex2 2779. (Contributed by NM, 31-Dec-1993.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 → 𝐴 ≠ ∅)
Theorem	ne0d 3458	Deduction form of ne0i 3457. If a class has elements, then it is nonempty. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≠ ∅)
Theorem	n0ii 3459	If a class has elements, then it is not empty. Inference associated with n0i 3456. (Contributed by BJ, 15-Jul-2021.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ 𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ ¬ 𝐵 = ∅
Theorem	ne0ii 3460	If a class has elements, then it is nonempty. Inference associated with ne0i 3457. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ 𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐵 ≠ ∅
Theorem	vn0 3461	The universal class is not equal to the empty set. (Contributed by NM, 11-Sep-2008.)
⊢ V ≠ ∅
Theorem	vn0m 3462	The universal class is inhabited. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 17-Dec-2018.)
⊢ ∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ V
Theorem	n0rf 3463	An inhabited class is nonempty. Following the Definition of [Bauer], p. 483, we call a class 𝐴 nonempty if 𝐴 ≠ ∅ and inhabited if it has at least one element. In classical logic these two concepts are equivalent, for example see Proposition 5.17(1) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 20. This version of n0r 3464 requires only that 𝑥 not be free in, rather than not occur in, 𝐴. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 31-Jul-2018.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ (∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → 𝐴 ≠ ∅)
Theorem	n0r 3464*	An inhabited class is nonempty. See n0rf 3463 for more discussion. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 31-Jul-2018.)
⊢ (∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → 𝐴 ≠ ∅)
Theorem	neq0r 3465*	An inhabited class is nonempty. See n0rf 3463 for more discussion. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 31-Jul-2018.)
⊢ (∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → ¬ 𝐴 = ∅)
Theorem	reximdva0m 3466*	Restricted existence deduced from inhabited class. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 31-Jul-2018.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ ∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓)
Theorem	n0mmoeu 3467*	A case of equivalence of "at most one" and "only one". If a class is inhabited, that class having at most one element is equivalent to it having only one element. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 31-Jul-2018.)
⊢ (∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → (∃*𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↔ ∃!𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴))
Theorem	rex0 3468	Vacuous existential quantification is false. (Contributed by NM, 15-Oct-2003.)
⊢ ¬ ∃𝑥 ∈ ∅ 𝜑
Theorem	eq0 3469*	The empty set has no elements. Theorem 2 of [Suppes] p. 22. (Contributed by NM, 29-Aug-1993.)
⊢ (𝐴 = ∅ ↔ ∀𝑥 ¬ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	eqv 3470*	The universe contains every set. (Contributed by NM, 11-Sep-2006.)
⊢ (𝐴 = V ↔ ∀𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	notm0 3471*	A class is not inhabited if and only if it is empty. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 1-Jul-2022.)
⊢ (¬ ∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↔ 𝐴 = ∅)
Theorem	nel0 3472*	From the general negation of membership in 𝐴, infer that 𝐴 is the empty set. (Contributed by BJ, 6-Oct-2018.)
⊢ ¬ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐴 = ∅
Theorem	0el 3473*	Membership of the empty set in another class. (Contributed by NM, 29-Jun-2004.)
⊢ (∅ ∈ 𝐴 ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ¬ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥)
Theorem	abvor0dc 3474*	The class builder of a decidable proposition not containing the abstraction variable is either the universal class or the empty set. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 1-Aug-2018.)
⊢ (DECID 𝜑 → ({𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} = V ∨ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} = ∅))
Theorem	abn0r 3475	Nonempty class abstraction. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 1-Aug-2018.)
⊢ (∃𝑥𝜑 → {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} ≠ ∅)
Theorem	abn0m 3476*	Inhabited class abstraction. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 8-Jul-2022.)
⊢ (∃𝑦 𝑦 ∈ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} ↔ ∃𝑥𝜑)
Theorem	rabn0r 3477	Nonempty restricted class abstraction. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 1-Aug-2018.)
⊢ (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 → {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} ≠ ∅)
Theorem	rabn0m 3478*	Inhabited restricted class abstraction. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 18-Sep-2018.)
⊢ (∃𝑦 𝑦 ∈ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑)
Theorem	rab0 3479	Any restricted class abstraction restricted to the empty set is empty. (Contributed by NM, 15-Oct-2003.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 26-Jun-2011.)
⊢ {𝑥 ∈ ∅ ∣ 𝜑} = ∅
Theorem	rabeq0 3480	Condition for a restricted class abstraction to be empty. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 7-Jun-2010.)
⊢ ({𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} = ∅ ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ¬ 𝜑)
Theorem	abeq0 3481	Condition for a class abstraction to be empty. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 12-Aug-2018.)
⊢ ({𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} = ∅ ↔ ∀𝑥 ¬ 𝜑)
Theorem	rabxmdc 3482*	Law of excluded middle given decidability, in terms of restricted class abstractions. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 2-Aug-2018.)
⊢ (∀𝑥DECID 𝜑 → 𝐴 = ({𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} ∪ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ ¬ 𝜑}))
Theorem	rabnc 3483*	Law of noncontradiction, in terms of restricted class abstractions. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 20-Jun-2011.)
⊢ ({𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} ∩ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ ¬ 𝜑}) = ∅
Theorem	un0 3484	The union of a class with the empty set is itself. Theorem 24 of [Suppes] p. 27. (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1993.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∪ ∅) = 𝐴
Theorem	in0 3485	The intersection of a class with the empty set is the empty set. Theorem 16 of [Suppes] p. 26. (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1993.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∩ ∅) = ∅
Theorem	0in 3486	The intersection of the empty set with a class is the empty set. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (∅ ∩ 𝐴) = ∅
Theorem	inv1 3487	The intersection of a class with the universal class is itself. Exercise 4.10(k) of [Mendelson] p. 231. (Contributed by NM, 17-May-1998.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∩ V) = 𝐴
Theorem	unv 3488	The union of a class with the universal class is the universal class. Exercise 4.10(l) of [Mendelson] p. 231. (Contributed by NM, 17-May-1998.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∪ V) = V
Theorem	0ss 3489	The null set is a subset of any class. Part of Exercise 1 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 22. (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1993.)
⊢ ∅ ⊆ 𝐴
Theorem	ss0b 3490	Any subset of the empty set is empty. Theorem 5 of [Suppes] p. 23 and its converse. (Contributed by NM, 17-Sep-2003.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ ∅ ↔ 𝐴 = ∅)
Theorem	ss0 3491	Any subset of the empty set is empty. Theorem 5 of [Suppes] p. 23. (Contributed by NM, 13-Aug-1994.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ ∅ → 𝐴 = ∅)
Theorem	sseq0 3492	A subclass of an empty class is empty. (Contributed by NM, 7-Mar-2007.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 26-Jun-2011.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 = ∅) → 𝐴 = ∅)
Theorem	ssn0 3493	A class with a nonempty subclass is nonempty. (Contributed by NM, 17-Feb-2007.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐴 ≠ ∅) → 𝐵 ≠ ∅)
Theorem	abf 3494	A class builder with a false argument is empty. (Contributed by NM, 20-Jan-2012.)
⊢ ¬ 𝜑    ⇒   ⊢ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} = ∅
Theorem	eq0rdv 3495*	Deduction for equality to the empty set. (Contributed by NM, 11-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = ∅)
Theorem	csbprc 3496	The proper substitution of a proper class for a set into a class results in the empty set. (Contributed by NM, 17-Aug-2018.)
⊢ (¬ 𝐴 ∈ V → ⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌𝐵 = ∅)
Theorem	un00 3497	Two classes are empty iff their union is empty. (Contributed by NM, 11-Aug-2004.)
⊢ ((𝐴 = ∅ ∧ 𝐵 = ∅) ↔ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = ∅)
Theorem	vss 3498	Only the universal class has the universal class as a subclass. (Contributed by NM, 17-Sep-2003.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 26-Jun-2011.)
⊢ (V ⊆ 𝐴 ↔ 𝐴 = V)
Theorem	disj 3499*	Two ways of saying that two classes are disjoint (have no members in common). (Contributed by NM, 17-Feb-2004.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = ∅ ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ¬ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵)
Theorem	disjr 3500*	Two ways of saying that two classes are disjoint. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 19-Jun-2011.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = ∅ ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴)