P. 93 of Theorem List - Intuitionistic Logic Explorer

Theorem List for Intuitionistic Logic Explorer - 9201-9300   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	ltmul1ii 9201	Multiplication of both sides of 'less than' by a positive number. Theorem I.19 of [Apostol] p. 20. (Contributed by NM, 16-May-1999.) (Proof shortened by Paul Chapman, 25-Jan-2008.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   ⊢ 𝐵 ∈ ℝ    &   ⊢ 𝐶 ∈ ℝ    &   ⊢ 0 < 𝐶    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 < 𝐵 ↔ (𝐴 · 𝐶) < (𝐵 · 𝐶))
Theorem	ltdiv1ii 9202	Division of both sides of 'less than' by a positive number. (Contributed by NM, 16-May-1999.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ ℝ    &   ⊢ 𝐵 ∈ ℝ    &   ⊢ 𝐶 ∈ ℝ    &   ⊢ 0 < 𝐶    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 < 𝐵 ↔ (𝐴 / 𝐶) < (𝐵 / 𝐶))
Theorem	ltp1d 9203	A number is less than itself plus 1. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < (𝐴 + 1))
Theorem	lep1d 9204	A number is less than or equal to itself plus 1. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≤ (𝐴 + 1))
Theorem	ltm1d 9205	A number minus 1 is less than itself. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 − 1) < 𝐴)
Theorem	lem1d 9206	A number minus 1 is less than or equal to itself. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 − 1) ≤ 𝐴)
Theorem	recgt0d 9207	The reciprocal of a positive number is positive. Exercise 4 of [Apostol] p. 21. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 < 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 < (1 / 𝐴))
Theorem	divgt0d 9208	The ratio of two positive numbers is positive. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 < 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 < 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 < (𝐴 / 𝐵))
Theorem	mulgt1d 9209	The product of two numbers greater than 1 is greater than 1. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 < 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 < 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 < (𝐴 · 𝐵))
Theorem	lemulge11d 9210	Multiplication by a number greater than or equal to 1. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 ≤ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≤ (𝐴 · 𝐵))
Theorem	lemulge12d 9211	Multiplication by a number greater than or equal to 1. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 ≤ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≤ (𝐵 · 𝐴))
Theorem	lemul1ad 9212	Multiplication of both sides of 'less than or equal to' by a nonnegative number. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≤ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 · 𝐶) ≤ (𝐵 · 𝐶))
Theorem	lemul2ad 9213	Multiplication of both sides of 'less than or equal to' by a nonnegative number. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≤ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐶 · 𝐴) ≤ (𝐶 · 𝐵))
Theorem	ltmul12ad 9214	Comparison of product of two positive numbers. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 < 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 · 𝐶) < (𝐵 · 𝐷))
Theorem	lemul12ad 9215	Comparison of product of two nonnegative numbers. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≤ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ≤ 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 · 𝐶) ≤ (𝐵 · 𝐷))
Theorem	lemul12bd 9216	Comparison of product of two nonnegative numbers. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≤ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ≤ 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 · 𝐶) ≤ (𝐵 · 𝐷))
Theorem	mulle0r 9217	Multiplying a nonnegative number by a nonpositive number yields a nonpositive number. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 28-Oct-2021.)
⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℝ) ∧ (𝐴 ≤ 0 ∧ 0 ≤ 𝐵)) → (𝐴 · 𝐵) ≤ 0)
4.3.10  Suprema
Theorem	lbreu 9218*	If a set of reals contains a lower bound, it contains a unique lower bound. (Contributed by NM, 9-Oct-2005.)
⊢ ((𝑆 ⊆ ℝ ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦) → ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦)
Theorem	lbcl 9219*	If a set of reals contains a lower bound, it contains a unique lower bound that belongs to the set. (Contributed by NM, 9-Oct-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝑆 ⊆ ℝ ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦) → (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦) ∈ 𝑆)
Theorem	lble 9220*	If a set of reals contains a lower bound, the lower bound is less than or equal to all members of the set. (Contributed by NM, 9-Oct-2005.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 24-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝑆 ⊆ ℝ ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑆) → (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦) ≤ 𝐴)
Theorem	lbinf 9221*	If a set of reals contains a lower bound, the lower bound is its infimum. (Contributed by NM, 9-Oct-2005.) (Revised by AV, 4-Sep-2020.)
⊢ ((𝑆 ⊆ ℝ ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦) → inf(𝑆, ℝ, < ) = (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦))
Theorem	lbinfcl 9222*	If a set of reals contains a lower bound, it contains its infimum. (Contributed by NM, 11-Oct-2005.) (Revised by AV, 4-Sep-2020.)
⊢ ((𝑆 ⊆ ℝ ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦) → inf(𝑆, ℝ, < ) ∈ 𝑆)
Theorem	lbinfle 9223*	If a set of reals contains a lower bound, its infimum is less than or equal to all members of the set. (Contributed by NM, 11-Oct-2005.) (Revised by AV, 4-Sep-2020.)
⊢ ((𝑆 ⊆ ℝ ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑆) → inf(𝑆, ℝ, < ) ≤ 𝐴)
Theorem	suprubex 9224*	A member of a nonempty bounded set of reals is less than or equal to the set's upper bound. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 18-Jan-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ¬ 𝑥 < 𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℝ (𝑦 < 𝑥 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐴 𝑦 < 𝑧)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ≤ sup(𝐴, ℝ, < ))
Theorem	suprlubex 9225*	The supremum of a nonempty bounded set of reals is the least upper bound. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 19-Jan-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ¬ 𝑥 < 𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℝ (𝑦 < 𝑥 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐴 𝑦 < 𝑧)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐵 < sup(𝐴, ℝ, < ) ↔ ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 < 𝑧))
Theorem	suprnubex 9226*	An upper bound is not less than the supremum of a nonempty bounded set of reals. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 19-Jan-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ¬ 𝑥 < 𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℝ (𝑦 < 𝑥 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐴 𝑦 < 𝑧)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (¬ 𝐵 < sup(𝐴, ℝ, < ) ↔ ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐴 ¬ 𝐵 < 𝑧))
Theorem	suprleubex 9227*	The supremum of a nonempty bounded set of reals is less than or equal to an upper bound. (Contributed by NM, 18-Mar-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 6-Sep-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ¬ 𝑥 < 𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℝ (𝑦 < 𝑥 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐴 𝑦 < 𝑧)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (sup(𝐴, ℝ, < ) ≤ 𝐵 ↔ ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐴 𝑧 ≤ 𝐵))
Theorem	negiso 9228	Negation is an order anti-isomorphism of the real numbers, which is its own inverse. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Dec-2016.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ -𝑥)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐹 Isom < , ◡ < (ℝ, ℝ) ∧ ◡𝐹 = 𝐹)
Theorem	dfinfre 9229*	The infimum of a set of reals 𝐴. (Contributed by NM, 9-Oct-2005.) (Revised by AV, 4-Sep-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ ℝ → inf(𝐴, ℝ, < ) = ∪ {𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∣ (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℝ (𝑥 < 𝑦 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐴 𝑧 < 𝑦))})
Theorem	sup3exmid 9230*	If any inhabited set of real numbers bounded from above has a supremum, excluded middle follows. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 2-Apr-2023.)
⊢ ((𝑢 ⊆ ℝ ∧ ∃𝑤 𝑤 ∈ 𝑢 ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑢 𝑦 ≤ 𝑥) → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑢 ¬ 𝑥 < 𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℝ (𝑦 < 𝑥 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝑢 𝑦 < 𝑧)))    ⇒   ⊢ DECID 𝜑
4.3.11  Imaginary and complex number properties
Theorem	crap0 9231	The real representation of complex numbers is apart from zero iff one of its terms is apart from zero. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-Mar-2020.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℝ) → ((𝐴 # 0 ∨ 𝐵 # 0) ↔ (𝐴 + (i · 𝐵)) # 0))
Theorem	creur 9232*	The real part of a complex number is unique. Proposition 10-1.3 of [Gleason] p. 130. (Contributed by NM, 9-May-1999.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ∃!𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∃𝑦 ∈ ℝ 𝐴 = (𝑥 + (i · 𝑦)))
Theorem	creui 9233*	The imaginary part of a complex number is unique. Proposition 10-1.3 of [Gleason] p. 130. (Contributed by NM, 9-May-1999.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ∃!𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ 𝐴 = (𝑥 + (i · 𝑦)))
Theorem	cju 9234*	The complex conjugate of a complex number is unique. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Nov-2013.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ∃!𝑥 ∈ ℂ ((𝐴 + 𝑥) ∈ ℝ ∧ (i · (𝐴 − 𝑥)) ∈ ℝ))
4.3.12  Function operation analogue theorems
Theorem	ofnegsub 9235	Function analogue of negsub 8520. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Jul-2014.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐹:𝐴⟶ℂ ∧ 𝐺:𝐴⟶ℂ) → (𝐹 ∘𝑓 + ((𝐴 × {-1}) ∘𝑓 · 𝐺)) = (𝐹 ∘𝑓 − 𝐺))
4.4  Integer sets
4.4.1  Positive integers (as a subset of complex numbers)
Syntax	cn 9236	Extend class notation to include the class of positive integers.
class ℕ
Definition	df-inn 9237*	Definition of the set of positive integers. For naming consistency with the Metamath Proof Explorer usages should refer to dfnn2 9238 instead. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 12-Sep-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-May-2014.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ ℕ = ∩ {𝑥 ∣ (1 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑦 + 1) ∈ 𝑥)}
Theorem	dfnn2 9238*	Definition of the set of positive integers. Another name for df-inn 9237. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 12-Sep-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-May-2014.)
⊢ ℕ = ∩ {𝑥 ∣ (1 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑦 + 1) ∈ 𝑥)}
Theorem	peano5nni 9239*	Peano's inductive postulate. Theorem I.36 (principle of mathematical induction) of [Apostol] p. 34. (Contributed by NM, 10-Jan-1997.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 17-Nov-2014.)
⊢ ((1 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥 + 1) ∈ 𝐴) → ℕ ⊆ 𝐴)
Theorem	nnssre 9240	The positive integers are a subset of the reals. (Contributed by NM, 10-Jan-1997.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 16-Jun-2013.)
⊢ ℕ ⊆ ℝ
Theorem	nnsscn 9241	The positive integers are a subset of the complex numbers. (Contributed by NM, 2-Aug-2004.)
⊢ ℕ ⊆ ℂ
Theorem	nnex 9242	The set of positive integers exists. (Contributed by NM, 3-Oct-1999.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 17-Nov-2014.)
⊢ ℕ ∈ V
Theorem	nnre 9243	A positive integer is a real number. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1999.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)
Theorem	nncn 9244	A positive integer is a complex number. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1999.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)
Theorem	nnrei 9245	A positive integer is a real number. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1999.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐴 ∈ ℝ
Theorem	nncni 9246	A positive integer is a complex number. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1999.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐴 ∈ ℂ
Theorem	1nn 9247	Peano postulate: 1 is a positive integer. (Contributed by NM, 11-Jan-1997.)
⊢ 1 ∈ ℕ
Theorem	peano2nn 9248	Peano postulate: a successor of a positive integer is a positive integer. (Contributed by NM, 11-Jan-1997.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 17-Nov-2014.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → (𝐴 + 1) ∈ ℕ)
Theorem	nnred 9249	A positive integer is a real number. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℕ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)
Theorem	nncnd 9250	A positive integer is a complex number. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℕ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)
Theorem	peano2nnd 9251	Peano postulate: a successor of a positive integer is a positive integer. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℕ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 + 1) ∈ ℕ)
4.4.2  Principle of mathematical induction
Theorem	nnind 9252*	Principle of Mathematical Induction (inference schema). The first four hypotheses give us the substitution instances we need; the last two are the basis and the induction step. See nnaddcl 9256 for an example of its use. This is an alternative for Metamath 100 proof #74. (Contributed by NM, 10-Jan-1997.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 16-Jun-2013.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 1 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑦 + 1) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ 𝜓    &   ⊢ (𝑦 ∈ ℕ → (𝜒 → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 𝜏)
Theorem	nnindALT 9253*	Principle of Mathematical Induction (inference schema). The last four hypotheses give us the substitution instances we need; the first two are the induction step and the basis. This ALT version of nnind 9252 has a different hypothesis order. It may be easier to use with the metamath program's Proof Assistant, because "MM-PA> assign last" will be applied to the substitution instances first. We may eventually use this one as the official version. You may use either version. After the proof is complete, the ALT version can be changed to the non-ALT version with "MM-PA> minimize nnind /allow". (Contributed by NM, 7-Dec-2005.) (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝑦 ∈ ℕ → (𝜒 → 𝜃))    &   ⊢ 𝜓    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 1 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑦 + 1) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜏))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 𝜏)
Theorem	nn1m1nn 9254	Every positive integer is one or a successor. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 16-May-2014.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → (𝐴 = 1 ∨ (𝐴 − 1) ∈ ℕ))
Theorem	nn1suc 9255*	If a statement holds for 1 and also holds for a successor, it holds for all positive integers. The first three hypotheses give us the substitution instances we need; the last two show that it holds for 1 and for a successor. (Contributed by NM, 11-Oct-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 16-May-2014.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 1 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑦 + 1) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ 𝜓    &   ⊢ (𝑦 ∈ ℕ → 𝜒)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 𝜃)
Theorem	nnaddcl 9256	Closure of addition of positive integers, proved by induction on the second addend. (Contributed by NM, 12-Jan-1997.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐴 + 𝐵) ∈ ℕ)
Theorem	nnmulcl 9257	Closure of multiplication of positive integers. (Contributed by NM, 12-Jan-1997.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐴 · 𝐵) ∈ ℕ)
Theorem	nnmulcli 9258	Closure of multiplication of positive integers. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ    &   ⊢ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 · 𝐵) ∈ ℕ
Theorem	nnge1 9259	A positive integer is one or greater. (Contributed by NM, 25-Aug-1999.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 1 ≤ 𝐴)
Theorem	nnle1eq1 9260	A positive integer is less than or equal to one iff it is equal to one. (Contributed by NM, 3-Apr-2005.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → (𝐴 ≤ 1 ↔ 𝐴 = 1))
Theorem	nngt0 9261	A positive integer is positive. (Contributed by NM, 26-Sep-1999.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 0 < 𝐴)
Theorem	nnnlt1 9262	A positive integer is not less than one. (Contributed by NM, 18-Jan-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → ¬ 𝐴 < 1)
Theorem	0nnn 9263	Zero is not a positive integer. (Contributed by NM, 25-Aug-1999.)
⊢ ¬ 0 ∈ ℕ
Theorem	nnne0 9264	A positive integer is nonzero. (Contributed by NM, 27-Sep-1999.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 𝐴 ≠ 0)
Theorem	nnap0 9265	A positive integer is apart from zero. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 8-Mar-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 𝐴 # 0)
Theorem	nngt0i 9266	A positive integer is positive (inference version). (Contributed by NM, 17-Sep-1999.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ    ⇒   ⊢ 0 < 𝐴
Theorem	nnap0i 9267	A positive integer is apart from zero (inference version). (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 1-Jan-2023.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐴 # 0
Theorem	nnne0i 9268	A positive integer is nonzero (inference version). (Contributed by NM, 25-Aug-1999.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐴 ≠ 0
Theorem	nn2ge 9269*	There exists a positive integer greater than or equal to any two others. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1999.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℕ (𝐴 ≤ 𝑥 ∧ 𝐵 ≤ 𝑥))
Theorem	nn1gt1 9270	A positive integer is either one or greater than one. This is for ℕ; 0elnn 4740 is a similar theorem for ω (the natural numbers as ordinals). (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 7-Mar-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → (𝐴 = 1 ∨ 1 < 𝐴))
Theorem	nngt1ne1 9271	A positive integer is greater than one iff it is not equal to one. (Contributed by NM, 7-Oct-2004.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → (1 < 𝐴 ↔ 𝐴 ≠ 1))
Theorem	nndivre 9272	The quotient of a real and a positive integer is real. (Contributed by NM, 28-Nov-2008.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐴 / 𝑁) ∈ ℝ)
Theorem	nnrecre 9273	The reciprocal of a positive integer is real. (Contributed by NM, 8-Feb-2008.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → (1 / 𝑁) ∈ ℝ)
Theorem	nnrecgt0 9274	The reciprocal of a positive integer is positive. (Contributed by NM, 25-Aug-1999.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → 0 < (1 / 𝐴))
Theorem	nnsub 9275	Subtraction of positive integers. (Contributed by NM, 20-Aug-2001.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 16-May-2014.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐴 < 𝐵 ↔ (𝐵 − 𝐴) ∈ ℕ))
Theorem	nnsubi 9276	Subtraction of positive integers. (Contributed by NM, 19-Aug-2001.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ    &   ⊢ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 < 𝐵 ↔ (𝐵 − 𝐴) ∈ ℕ)
Theorem	nndiv 9277*	Two ways to express "𝐴 divides 𝐵 " for positive integers. (Contributed by NM, 3-Feb-2004.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 16-May-2014.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → (∃𝑥 ∈ ℕ (𝐴 · 𝑥) = 𝐵 ↔ (𝐵 / 𝐴) ∈ ℕ))
Theorem	nndivtr 9278	Transitive property of divisibility: if 𝐴 divides 𝐵 and 𝐵 divides 𝐶, then 𝐴 divides 𝐶. Typically, 𝐶 would be an integer, although the theorem holds for complex 𝐶. (Contributed by NM, 3-May-2005.)
⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ ((𝐵 / 𝐴) ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐶 / 𝐵) ∈ ℕ)) → (𝐶 / 𝐴) ∈ ℕ)
Theorem	nnge1d 9279	A positive integer is one or greater. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℕ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 ≤ 𝐴)
Theorem	nngt0d 9280	A positive integer is positive. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℕ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 < 𝐴)
Theorem	nnne0d 9281	A positive integer is nonzero. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℕ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≠ 0)
Theorem	nnap0d 9282	A positive integer is apart from zero. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 25-Aug-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℕ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 # 0)
Theorem	nnrecred 9283	The reciprocal of a positive integer is real. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℕ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (1 / 𝐴) ∈ ℝ)
Theorem	nnaddcld 9284	Closure of addition of positive integers. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℕ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 + 𝐵) ∈ ℕ)
Theorem	nnmulcld 9285	Closure of multiplication of positive integers. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℕ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 · 𝐵) ∈ ℕ)
Theorem	nndivred 9286	A positive integer is one or greater. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℕ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 / 𝐵) ∈ ℝ)
4.4.3  Decimal representation of numbers The decimal representation of numbers/integers is based on the decimal digits 0 through 9 (df-0 8133 through df-9 9302), which are explicitly defined in the following. Note that the numbers 0 and 1 are constants defined as primitives of the complex number axiom system (see df-0 8133 and df-1 8134). Integers can also be exhibited as sums of powers of 10 (e.g., the number 103 can be expressed as ((;10↑2) + 3)) or as some other expression built from operations on the numbers 0 through 9. For example, the prime number 823541 can be expressed as (7↑7) − 2. Most abstract math rarely requires numbers larger than 4. Even in Wiles' proof of Fermat's Last Theorem, the largest number used appears to be 12.
Syntax	c2 9287	Extend class notation to include the number 2.
class 2
Syntax	c3 9288	Extend class notation to include the number 3.
class 3
Syntax	c4 9289	Extend class notation to include the number 4.
class 4
Syntax	c5 9290	Extend class notation to include the number 5.
class 5
Syntax	c6 9291	Extend class notation to include the number 6.
class 6
Syntax	c7 9292	Extend class notation to include the number 7.
class 7
Syntax	c8 9293	Extend class notation to include the number 8.
class 8
Syntax	c9 9294	Extend class notation to include the number 9.
class 9
Definition	df-2 9295	Define the number 2. (Contributed by NM, 27-May-1999.)
⊢ 2 = (1 + 1)
Definition	df-3 9296	Define the number 3. (Contributed by NM, 27-May-1999.)
⊢ 3 = (2 + 1)
Definition	df-4 9297	Define the number 4. (Contributed by NM, 27-May-1999.)
⊢ 4 = (3 + 1)
Definition	df-5 9298	Define the number 5. (Contributed by NM, 27-May-1999.)
⊢ 5 = (4 + 1)
Definition	df-6 9299	Define the number 6. (Contributed by NM, 27-May-1999.)
⊢ 6 = (5 + 1)
Definition	df-7 9300	Define the number 7. (Contributed by NM, 27-May-1999.)
⊢ 7 = (6 + 1)