P. 52 of Theorem List - Intuitionistic Logic Explorer

Theorem List for Intuitionistic Logic Explorer - 5101-5200   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	dmmptg 5101*	The domain of the mapping operation is the stated domain, if the function value is always a set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Feb-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 14-Sep-2013.)
⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 → dom (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) = 𝐴)
Theorem	relco 5102	A composition is a relation. Exercise 24 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 25. (Contributed by NM, 26-Jan-1997.)
⊢ Rel (𝐴 ∘ 𝐵)
Theorem	dfco2 5103*	Alternate definition of a class composition, using only one bound variable. (Contributed by NM, 19-Dec-2008.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∘ 𝐵) = ∪ 𝑥 ∈ V ((◡𝐵 “ {𝑥}) × (𝐴 “ {𝑥}))
Theorem	dfco2a 5104*	Generalization of dfco2 5103, where 𝐶 can have any value between dom 𝐴 ∩ ran 𝐵 and V. (Contributed by NM, 21-Dec-2008.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 27-Aug-2011.)
⊢ ((dom 𝐴 ∩ ran 𝐵) ⊆ 𝐶 → (𝐴 ∘ 𝐵) = ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐶 ((◡𝐵 “ {𝑥}) × (𝐴 “ {𝑥})))
Theorem	coundi 5105	Class composition distributes over union. (Contributed by NM, 21-Dec-2008.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 27-Aug-2011.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∘ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)) = ((𝐴 ∘ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∘ 𝐶))
Theorem	coundir 5106	Class composition distributes over union. (Contributed by NM, 21-Dec-2008.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 27-Aug-2011.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∘ 𝐶) = ((𝐴 ∘ 𝐶) ∪ (𝐵 ∘ 𝐶))
Theorem	cores 5107	Restricted first member of a class composition. (Contributed by NM, 12-Oct-2004.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 27-Aug-2011.)
⊢ (ran 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐶 → ((𝐴 ↾ 𝐶) ∘ 𝐵) = (𝐴 ∘ 𝐵))
Theorem	resco 5108	Associative law for the restriction of a composition. (Contributed by NM, 12-Dec-2006.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∘ 𝐵) ↾ 𝐶) = (𝐴 ∘ (𝐵 ↾ 𝐶))
Theorem	imaco 5109	Image of the composition of two classes. (Contributed by Jason Orendorff, 12-Dec-2006.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∘ 𝐵) “ 𝐶) = (𝐴 “ (𝐵 “ 𝐶))
Theorem	rnco 5110	The range of the composition of two classes. (Contributed by NM, 12-Dec-2006.)
⊢ ran (𝐴 ∘ 𝐵) = ran (𝐴 ↾ ran 𝐵)
Theorem	rnco2 5111	The range of the composition of two classes. (Contributed by NM, 27-Mar-2008.)
⊢ ran (𝐴 ∘ 𝐵) = (𝐴 “ ran 𝐵)
Theorem	dmco 5112	The domain of a composition. Exercise 27 of [Enderton] p. 53. (Contributed by NM, 4-Feb-2004.)
⊢ dom (𝐴 ∘ 𝐵) = (◡𝐵 “ dom 𝐴)
Theorem	coiun 5113*	Composition with an indexed union. (Contributed by NM, 21-Dec-2008.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∘ ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐶 𝐵) = ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐶 (𝐴 ∘ 𝐵)
Theorem	cocnvcnv1 5114	A composition is not affected by a double converse of its first argument. (Contributed by NM, 8-Oct-2007.)
⊢ (◡◡𝐴 ∘ 𝐵) = (𝐴 ∘ 𝐵)
Theorem	cocnvcnv2 5115	A composition is not affected by a double converse of its second argument. (Contributed by NM, 8-Oct-2007.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∘ ◡◡𝐵) = (𝐴 ∘ 𝐵)
Theorem	cores2 5116	Absorption of a reverse (preimage) restriction of the second member of a class composition. (Contributed by NM, 11-Dec-2006.)
⊢ (dom 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐶 → (𝐴 ∘ ◡(◡𝐵 ↾ 𝐶)) = (𝐴 ∘ 𝐵))
Theorem	co02 5117	Composition with the empty set. Theorem 20 of [Suppes] p. 63. (Contributed by NM, 24-Apr-2004.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∘ ∅) = ∅
Theorem	co01 5118	Composition with the empty set. (Contributed by NM, 24-Apr-2004.)
⊢ (∅ ∘ 𝐴) = ∅
Theorem	coi1 5119	Composition with the identity relation. Part of Theorem 3.7(i) of [Monk1] p. 36. (Contributed by NM, 22-Apr-2004.)
⊢ (Rel 𝐴 → (𝐴 ∘ I ) = 𝐴)
Theorem	coi2 5120	Composition with the identity relation. Part of Theorem 3.7(i) of [Monk1] p. 36. (Contributed by NM, 22-Apr-2004.)
⊢ (Rel 𝐴 → ( I ∘ 𝐴) = 𝐴)
Theorem	coires1 5121	Composition with a restricted identity relation. (Contributed by FL, 19-Jun-2011.) (Revised by Stefan O'Rear, 7-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∘ ( I ↾ 𝐵)) = (𝐴 ↾ 𝐵)
Theorem	coass 5122	Associative law for class composition. Theorem 27 of [Suppes] p. 64. Also Exercise 21 of [Enderton] p. 53. Interestingly, this law holds for any classes whatsoever, not just functions or even relations. (Contributed by NM, 27-Jan-1997.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∘ 𝐵) ∘ 𝐶) = (𝐴 ∘ (𝐵 ∘ 𝐶))
Theorem	relcnvtr 5123	A relation is transitive iff its converse is transitive. (Contributed by FL, 19-Sep-2011.)
⊢ (Rel 𝑅 → ((𝑅 ∘ 𝑅) ⊆ 𝑅 ↔ (◡𝑅 ∘ ◡𝑅) ⊆ ◡𝑅))
Theorem	relssdmrn 5124	A relation is included in the cross product of its domain and range. Exercise 4.12(t) of [Mendelson] p. 235. (Contributed by NM, 3-Aug-1994.)
⊢ (Rel 𝐴 → 𝐴 ⊆ (dom 𝐴 × ran 𝐴))
Theorem	cnvssrndm 5125	The converse is a subset of the cartesian product of range and domain. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Jan-2017.)
⊢ ◡𝐴 ⊆ (ran 𝐴 × dom 𝐴)
Theorem	cossxp 5126	Composition as a subset of the cross product of factors. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∘ 𝐵) ⊆ (dom 𝐵 × ran 𝐴)
Theorem	cossxp2 5127	The composition of two relations is a relation, with bounds on its domain and codomain. (Contributed by BJ, 10-Jul-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ⊆ (𝐴 × 𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ⊆ (𝐵 × 𝐶))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑆 ∘ 𝑅) ⊆ (𝐴 × 𝐶))
Theorem	cocnvres 5128	Restricting a relation and a converse relation when they are composed together. (Contributed by BJ, 10-Jul-2022.)
⊢ (𝑆 ∘ ◡𝑅) = ((𝑆 ↾ dom 𝑅) ∘ ◡(𝑅 ↾ dom 𝑆))
Theorem	cocnvss 5129	Upper bound for the composed of a relation and an inverse relation. (Contributed by BJ, 10-Jul-2022.)
⊢ (𝑆 ∘ ◡𝑅) ⊆ (ran (𝑅 ↾ dom 𝑆) × ran (𝑆 ↾ dom 𝑅))
Theorem	relrelss 5130	Two ways to describe the structure of a two-place operation. (Contributed by NM, 17-Dec-2008.)
⊢ ((Rel 𝐴 ∧ Rel dom 𝐴) ↔ 𝐴 ⊆ ((V × V) × V))
Theorem	unielrel 5131	The membership relation for a relation is inherited by class union. (Contributed by NM, 17-Sep-2006.)
⊢ ((Rel 𝑅 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑅) → ∪ 𝐴 ∈ ∪ 𝑅)
Theorem	relfld 5132	The double union of a relation is its field. (Contributed by NM, 17-Sep-2006.)
⊢ (Rel 𝑅 → ∪ ∪ 𝑅 = (dom 𝑅 ∪ ran 𝑅))
Theorem	relresfld 5133	Restriction of a relation to its field. (Contributed by FL, 15-Apr-2012.)
⊢ (Rel 𝑅 → (𝑅 ↾ ∪ ∪ 𝑅) = 𝑅)
Theorem	relcoi2 5134	Composition with the identity relation restricted to a relation's field. (Contributed by FL, 2-May-2011.)
⊢ (Rel 𝑅 → (( I ↾ ∪ ∪ 𝑅) ∘ 𝑅) = 𝑅)
Theorem	relcoi1 5135	Composition with the identity relation restricted to a relation's field. (Contributed by FL, 8-May-2011.)
⊢ (Rel 𝑅 → (𝑅 ∘ ( I ↾ ∪ ∪ 𝑅)) = 𝑅)
Theorem	unidmrn 5136	The double union of the converse of a class is its field. (Contributed by NM, 4-Jun-2008.)
⊢ ∪ ∪ ◡𝐴 = (dom 𝐴 ∪ ran 𝐴)
Theorem	relcnvfld 5137	if 𝑅 is a relation, its double union equals the double union of its converse. (Contributed by FL, 5-Jan-2009.)
⊢ (Rel 𝑅 → ∪ ∪ 𝑅 = ∪ ∪ ◡𝑅)
Theorem	dfdm2 5138	Alternate definition of domain df-dm 4614 that doesn't require dummy variables. (Contributed by NM, 2-Aug-2010.)
⊢ dom 𝐴 = ∪ ∪ (◡𝐴 ∘ 𝐴)
Theorem	unixpm 5139*	The double class union of an inhabited cross product is the union of its members. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 18-Dec-2018.)
⊢ (∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ (𝐴 × 𝐵) → ∪ ∪ (𝐴 × 𝐵) = (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵))
Theorem	unixp0im 5140	The union of an empty cross product is empty. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 18-Dec-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐴 × 𝐵) = ∅ → ∪ (𝐴 × 𝐵) = ∅)
Theorem	cnvexg 5141	The converse of a set is a set. Corollary 6.8(1) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 26. (Contributed by NM, 17-Mar-1998.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → ◡𝐴 ∈ V)
Theorem	cnvex 5142	The converse of a set is a set. Corollary 6.8(1) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 26. (Contributed by NM, 19-Dec-2003.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ ◡𝐴 ∈ V
Theorem	relcnvexb 5143	A relation is a set iff its converse is a set. (Contributed by FL, 3-Mar-2007.)
⊢ (Rel 𝑅 → (𝑅 ∈ V ↔ ◡𝑅 ∈ V))
Theorem	ressn 5144	Restriction of a class to a singleton. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-Dec-2014.)
⊢ (𝐴 ↾ {𝐵}) = ({𝐵} × (𝐴 “ {𝐵}))
Theorem	cnviinm 5145*	The converse of an intersection is the intersection of the converse. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 18-Dec-2018.)
⊢ (∃𝑦 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 → ◡∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ◡𝐵)
Theorem	cnvpom 5146*	The converse of a partial order relation is a partial order relation. (Contributed by NM, 15-Jun-2005.)
⊢ (∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → (𝑅 Po 𝐴 ↔ ◡𝑅 Po 𝐴))
Theorem	cnvsom 5147*	The converse of a strict order relation is a strict order relation. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 19-Dec-2018.)
⊢ (∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → (𝑅 Or 𝐴 ↔ ◡𝑅 Or 𝐴))
Theorem	coexg 5148	The composition of two sets is a set. (Contributed by NM, 19-Mar-1998.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊) → (𝐴 ∘ 𝐵) ∈ V)
Theorem	coex 5149	The composition of two sets is a set. (Contributed by NM, 15-Dec-2003.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝐵 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∘ 𝐵) ∈ V
Theorem	xpcom 5150*	Composition of two cross products. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 20-Dec-2018.)
⊢ (∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 → ((𝐵 × 𝐶) ∘ (𝐴 × 𝐵)) = (𝐴 × 𝐶))
2.6.7  Definite description binder (inverted iota)
Syntax	cio 5151	Extend class notation with Russell's definition description binder (inverted iota).
class (℩𝑥𝜑)
Theorem	iotajust 5152*	Soundness justification theorem for df-iota 5153. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 29-Jun-2011.)
⊢ ∪ {𝑦 ∣ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} = {𝑦}} = ∪ {𝑧 ∣ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} = {𝑧}}
Definition	df-iota 5153*	Define Russell's definition description binder, which can be read as "the unique 𝑥 such that 𝜑," where 𝜑 ordinarily contains 𝑥 as a free variable. Our definition is meaningful only when there is exactly one 𝑥 such that 𝜑 is true (see iotaval 5164); otherwise, it evaluates to the empty set (see iotanul 5168). Russell used the inverted iota symbol ℩ to represent the binder. Sometimes proofs need to expand an iota-based definition. That is, given "X = the x for which ... x ... x ..." holds, the proof needs to get to "... X ... X ...". A general strategy to do this is to use iotacl 5176 (for unbounded iota). This can be easier than applying a version that applies an explicit substitution, because substituting an iota into its own property always has a bound variable clash which must be first renamed or else guarded with NF. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 30-Jun-2011.)
⊢ (℩𝑥𝜑) = ∪ {𝑦 ∣ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} = {𝑦}}
Theorem	dfiota2 5154*	Alternate definition for descriptions. Definition 8.18 in [Quine] p. 56. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 30-Jun-2011.)
⊢ (℩𝑥𝜑) = ∪ {𝑦 ∣ ∀𝑥(𝜑 ↔ 𝑥 = 𝑦)}
Theorem	nfiota1 5155	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for the ℩ class. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 11-Jul-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Oct-2016.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥(℩𝑥𝜑)
Theorem	nfiotadw 5156*	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for the ℩ class. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 21-Dec-2018.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝜑    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥(℩𝑦𝜓))
Theorem	nfiotaw 5157*	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for the ℩ class. (Contributed by NM, 23-Aug-2011.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥(℩𝑦𝜑)
Theorem	cbviota 5158	Change bound variables in a description binder. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 1-Aug-2011.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝜑    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜓    ⇒   ⊢ (℩𝑥𝜑) = (℩𝑦𝜓)
Theorem	cbviotav 5159*	Change bound variables in a description binder. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 1-Aug-2011.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ (℩𝑥𝜑) = (℩𝑦𝜓)
Theorem	sb8iota 5160	Variable substitution in description binder. Compare sb8eu 2027. (Contributed by NM, 18-Mar-2013.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝜑    ⇒   ⊢ (℩𝑥𝜑) = (℩𝑦[𝑦 / 𝑥]𝜑)
Theorem	iotaeq 5161	Equality theorem for descriptions. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 30-Jun-2011.)
⊢ (∀𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑦 → (℩𝑥𝜑) = (℩𝑦𝜑))
Theorem	iotabi 5162	Equivalence theorem for descriptions. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 30-Jun-2011.)
⊢ (∀𝑥(𝜑 ↔ 𝜓) → (℩𝑥𝜑) = (℩𝑥𝜓))
Theorem	uniabio 5163*	Part of Theorem 8.17 in [Quine] p. 56. This theorem serves as a lemma for the fundamental property of iota. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 11-Jul-2011.)
⊢ (∀𝑥(𝜑 ↔ 𝑥 = 𝑦) → ∪ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} = 𝑦)
Theorem	iotaval 5164*	Theorem 8.19 in [Quine] p. 57. This theorem is the fundamental property of iota. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 11-Jul-2011.)
⊢ (∀𝑥(𝜑 ↔ 𝑥 = 𝑦) → (℩𝑥𝜑) = 𝑦)
Theorem	iotauni 5165	Equivalence between two different forms of ℩. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 12-Jul-2011.)
⊢ (∃!𝑥𝜑 → (℩𝑥𝜑) = ∪ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑})
Theorem	iotaint 5166	Equivalence between two different forms of ℩. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (∃!𝑥𝜑 → (℩𝑥𝜑) = ∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑})
Theorem	iota1 5167	Property of iota. (Contributed by NM, 23-Aug-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (∃!𝑥𝜑 → (𝜑 ↔ (℩𝑥𝜑) = 𝑥))
Theorem	iotanul 5168	Theorem 8.22 in [Quine] p. 57. This theorem is the result if there isn't exactly one 𝑥 that satisfies 𝜑. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 11-Jul-2011.)
⊢ (¬ ∃!𝑥𝜑 → (℩𝑥𝜑) = ∅)
Theorem	euiotaex 5169	Theorem 8.23 in [Quine] p. 58, with existential uniqueness condition added. This theorem proves the existence of the ℩ class under our definition. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 21-Dec-2018.)
⊢ (∃!𝑥𝜑 → (℩𝑥𝜑) ∈ V)
Theorem	iotass 5170*	Value of iota based on a proposition which holds only for values which are subsets of a given class. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro and Jim Kingdon, 21-Dec-2018.)
⊢ (∀𝑥(𝜑 → 𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴) → (℩𝑥𝜑) ⊆ 𝐴)
Theorem	iota4 5171	Theorem *14.22 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 190. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 12-Jul-2011.)
⊢ (∃!𝑥𝜑 → [(℩𝑥𝜑) / 𝑥]𝜑)
Theorem	iota4an 5172	Theorem *14.23 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 191. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 12-Jul-2011.)
⊢ (∃!𝑥(𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → [(℩𝑥(𝜑 ∧ 𝜓)) / 𝑥]𝜑)
Theorem	iota5 5173*	A method for computing iota. (Contributed by NM, 17-Sep-2013.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝑥 = 𝐴))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉) → (℩𝑥𝜓) = 𝐴)
Theorem	iotabidv 5174*	Formula-building deduction for iota. (Contributed by NM, 20-Aug-2011.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (℩𝑥𝜓) = (℩𝑥𝜒))
Theorem	iotabii 5175	Formula-building deduction for iota. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ (℩𝑥𝜑) = (℩𝑥𝜓)
Theorem	iotacl 5176	Membership law for descriptions. This can useful for expanding an unbounded iota-based definition (see df-iota 5153). (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 1-Aug-2011.)
⊢ (∃!𝑥𝜑 → (℩𝑥𝜑) ∈ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑})
Theorem	iota2df 5177	A condition that allows us to represent "the unique element such that 𝜑 " with a class expression 𝐴. (Contributed by NM, 30-Dec-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃!𝑥𝜓)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 = 𝐵) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥𝜒)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜒 ↔ (℩𝑥𝜓) = 𝐵))
Theorem	iota2d 5178*	A condition that allows us to represent "the unique element such that 𝜑 " with a class expression 𝐴. (Contributed by NM, 30-Dec-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃!𝑥𝜓)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 = 𝐵) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜒 ↔ (℩𝑥𝜓) = 𝐵))
Theorem	iota2 5179*	The unique element such that 𝜑. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 1-Jun-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ ∃!𝑥𝜑) → (𝜓 ↔ (℩𝑥𝜑) = 𝐴))
Theorem	sniota 5180	A class abstraction with a unique member can be expressed as a singleton. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (∃!𝑥𝜑 → {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} = {(℩𝑥𝜑)})
Theorem	csbiotag 5181*	Class substitution within a description binder. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 6-Oct-2017.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → ⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌(℩𝑦𝜑) = (℩𝑦[𝐴 / 𝑥]𝜑))
2.6.8  Functions
Syntax	wfun 5182	Extend the definition of a wff to include the function predicate. (Read: 𝐴 is a function.)
wff Fun 𝐴
Syntax	wfn 5183	Extend the definition of a wff to include the function predicate with a domain. (Read: 𝐴 is a function on 𝐵.)
wff 𝐴 Fn 𝐵
Syntax	wf 5184	Extend the definition of a wff to include the function predicate with domain and codomain. (Read: 𝐹 maps 𝐴 into 𝐵.)
wff 𝐹:𝐴⟶𝐵
Syntax	wf1 5185	Extend the definition of a wff to include one-to-one functions. (Read: 𝐹 maps 𝐴 one-to-one into 𝐵.) The notation ("1-1" above the arrow) is from Definition 6.15(5) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 27.
wff 𝐹:𝐴–1-1→𝐵
Syntax	wfo 5186	Extend the definition of a wff to include onto functions. (Read: 𝐹 maps 𝐴 onto 𝐵.) The notation ("onto" below the arrow) is from Definition 6.15(4) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 27.
wff 𝐹:𝐴–onto→𝐵
Syntax	wf1o 5187	Extend the definition of a wff to include one-to-one onto functions. (Read: 𝐹 maps 𝐴 one-to-one onto 𝐵.) The notation ("1-1" above the arrow and "onto" below the arrow) is from Definition 6.15(6) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 27.
wff 𝐹:𝐴–1-1-onto→𝐵
Syntax	cfv 5188	Extend the definition of a class to include the value of a function. (Read: The value of 𝐹 at 𝐴, or "𝐹 of 𝐴.")
class (𝐹‘𝐴)
Syntax	wiso 5189	Extend the definition of a wff to include the isomorphism property. (Read: 𝐻 is an 𝑅, 𝑆 isomorphism of 𝐴 onto 𝐵.)
wff 𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵)
Definition	df-fun 5190	Define predicate that determines if some class 𝐴 is a function. Definition 10.1 of [Quine] p. 65. For example, the expression Fun I is true (funi 5220). This is not the same as defining a specific function's mapping, which is typically done using the format of cmpt 4043 with the maps-to notation (see df-mpt 4045). Contrast this predicate with the predicates to determine if some class is a function with a given domain (df-fn 5191), a function with a given domain and codomain (df-f 5192), a one-to-one function (df-f1 5193), an onto function (df-fo 5194), or a one-to-one onto function (df-f1o 5195). For alternate definitions, see dffun2 5198, dffun4 5199, dffun6 5202, dffun7 5215, dffun8 5216, and dffun9 5217. (Contributed by NM, 1-Aug-1994.)
⊢ (Fun 𝐴 ↔ (Rel 𝐴 ∧ (𝐴 ∘ ◡𝐴) ⊆ I ))
Definition	df-fn 5191	Define a function with domain. Definition 6.15(1) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 27. (Contributed by NM, 1-Aug-1994.)
⊢ (𝐴 Fn 𝐵 ↔ (Fun 𝐴 ∧ dom 𝐴 = 𝐵))
Definition	df-f 5192	Define a function (mapping) with domain and codomain. Definition 6.15(3) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 27. (Contributed by NM, 1-Aug-1994.)
⊢ (𝐹:𝐴⟶𝐵 ↔ (𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ∧ ran 𝐹 ⊆ 𝐵))
Definition	df-f1 5193	Define a one-to-one function. Compare Definition 6.15(5) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 27. We use their notation ("1-1" above the arrow). (Contributed by NM, 1-Aug-1994.)
⊢ (𝐹:𝐴–1-1→𝐵 ↔ (𝐹:𝐴⟶𝐵 ∧ Fun ◡𝐹))
Definition	df-fo 5194	Define an onto function. Definition 6.15(4) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 27. We use their notation ("onto" under the arrow). (Contributed by NM, 1-Aug-1994.)
⊢ (𝐹:𝐴–onto→𝐵 ↔ (𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ∧ ran 𝐹 = 𝐵))
Definition	df-f1o 5195	Define a one-to-one onto function. Compare Definition 6.15(6) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 27. We use their notation ("1-1" above the arrow and "onto" below the arrow). (Contributed by NM, 1-Aug-1994.)
⊢ (𝐹:𝐴–1-1-onto→𝐵 ↔ (𝐹:𝐴–1-1→𝐵 ∧ 𝐹:𝐴–onto→𝐵))
Definition	df-fv 5196*	Define the value of a function, (𝐹‘𝐴), also known as function application. For example, ( I ‘∅) = ∅. Typically, function 𝐹 is defined using maps-to notation (see df-mpt 4045), but this is not required. For example, 𝐹 = {⟨2, 6⟩, ⟨3, 9⟩} → (𝐹‘3) = 9. We will later define two-argument functions using ordered pairs as (𝐴𝐹𝐵) = (𝐹‘⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩). This particular definition is quite convenient: it can be applied to any class and evaluates to the empty set when it is not meaningful. The left apostrophe notation originated with Peano and was adopted in Definition *30.01 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 235, Definition 10.11 of [Quine] p. 68, and Definition 6.11 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 26. It means the same thing as the more familiar 𝐹(𝐴) notation for a function's value at 𝐴, i.e., "𝐹 of 𝐴," but without context-dependent notational ambiguity. (Contributed by NM, 1-Aug-1994.) Revised to use ℩. (Revised by Scott Fenton, 6-Oct-2017.)
⊢ (𝐹‘𝐴) = (℩𝑥𝐴𝐹𝑥)
Definition	df-isom 5197*	Define the isomorphism predicate. We read this as "𝐻 is an 𝑅, 𝑆 isomorphism of 𝐴 onto 𝐵". Normally, 𝑅 and 𝑆 are ordering relations on 𝐴 and 𝐵 respectively. Definition 6.28 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 32, whose notation is the same as ours except that 𝑅 and 𝑆 are subscripts. (Contributed by NM, 4-Mar-1997.)
⊢ (𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) ↔ (𝐻:𝐴–1-1-onto→𝐵 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥𝑅𝑦 ↔ (𝐻‘𝑥)𝑆(𝐻‘𝑦))))
Theorem	dffun2 5198*	Alternate definition of a function. (Contributed by NM, 29-Dec-1996.)
⊢ (Fun 𝐴 ↔ (Rel 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥∀𝑦∀𝑧((𝑥𝐴𝑦 ∧ 𝑥𝐴𝑧) → 𝑦 = 𝑧)))
Theorem	dffun4 5199*	Alternate definition of a function. Definition 6.4(4) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 24. (Contributed by NM, 29-Dec-1996.)
⊢ (Fun 𝐴 ↔ (Rel 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥∀𝑦∀𝑧((⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∈ 𝐴 ∧ ⟨𝑥, 𝑧⟩ ∈ 𝐴) → 𝑦 = 𝑧)))
Theorem	dffun5r 5200*	A way of proving a relation is a function, analogous to mo2r 2066. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 27-May-2020.)
⊢ ((Rel 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥∃𝑧∀𝑦(⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∈ 𝐴 → 𝑦 = 𝑧)) → Fun 𝐴)