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| Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > lgsquad | Structured version Visualization version GIF version | ||
| Description: The Law of Quadratic Reciprocity, see also theorem 9.8 in [ApostolNT] p. 185. If 𝑃 and 𝑄 are distinct odd primes, then the product of the Legendre symbols (𝑃 /L 𝑄) and (𝑄 /L 𝑃) is the parity of ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2). This uses Eisenstein's proof, which also has a nice geometric interpretation - see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_of_quadratic_reciprocity. This is Metamath 100 proof #7. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 19-Jun-2015.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| lgsquad | ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → ((𝑃 /L 𝑄) · (𝑄 /L 𝑃)) = (-1↑(((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | simp1 1152 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2})) | |
| 2 | simp2 1153 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2})) | |
| 3 | simp3 1154 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) | |
| 4 | eqid 2769 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) = ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) | |
| 5 | eqid 2769 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑄 − 1) / 2) = ((𝑄 − 1) / 2) | |
| 6 | eleq1w 2852 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → (𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ↔ 𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)))) | |
| 7 | eleq1w 2852 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑤 → (𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2)) ↔ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) | |
| 8 | 6, 7 | bi2anan9 649 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → ((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ↔ (𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))))) |
| 9 | oveq1 7418 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑤 → (𝑦 · 𝑃) = (𝑤 · 𝑃)) | |
| 10 | oveq1 7418 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → (𝑥 · 𝑄) = (𝑧 · 𝑄)) | |
| 11 | 9, 10 | breqan12rd 5130 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → ((𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄) ↔ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄))) |
| 12 | 8, 11 | anbi12d 643 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → (((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄)) ↔ ((𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄)))) |
| 13 | 12 | cbvopabv 5188 | . 2 ⊢ {〈𝑥, 𝑦〉 ∣ ((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄))} = {〈𝑧, 𝑤〉 ∣ ((𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄))} |
| 14 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 13 | lgsquadlem3 27512 | 1 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → ((𝑃 /L 𝑄) · (𝑄 /L 𝑃)) = (-1↑(((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) |
| Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
| Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 400 ∧ w3a 1101 = wceq 1567 ∈ wcel 2149 ≠ wne 2964 ∖ cdif 3910 {csn 4594 class class class wbr 5113 {copab 5177 (class class class)co 7411 1c1 11101 · cmul 11105 < clt 11243 − cmin 11441 -cneg 11442 / cdiv 11871 2c2 12295 ...cfz 13535 ↑cexp 14097 ℙcprime 16729 /L clgs 27424 |
| This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1822 ax-4 1836 ax-5 1937 ax-6 1994 ax-7 2035 ax-8 2151 ax-9 2159 ax-10 2182 ax-11 2198 ax-12 2219 ax-ext 2741 ax-rep 5242 ax-sep 5261 ax-nul 5271 ax-pow 5337 ax-pr 5405 ax-un 7733 ax-inf2 9610 ax-cnex 11156 ax-resscn 11157 ax-1cn 11158 ax-icn 11159 ax-addcl 11160 ax-addrcl 11161 ax-mulcl 11162 ax-mulrcl 11163 ax-mulcom 11164 ax-addass 11165 ax-mulass 11166 ax-distr 11167 ax-i2m1 11168 ax-1ne0 11169 ax-1rid 11170 ax-rnegex 11171 ax-rrecex 11172 ax-cnre 11173 ax-pre-lttri 11174 ax-pre-lttrn 11175 ax-pre-ltadd 11176 ax-pre-mulgt0 11177 ax-pre-sup 11178 ax-addf 11179 ax-mulf 11180 |
| This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 210 df-an 401 df-or 861 df-3or 1102 df-3an 1103 df-tru 1570 df-fal 1580 df-ex 1807 df-nf 1811 df-sb 2098 df-mo 2573 df-eu 2603 df-clab 2748 df-cleq 2761 df-clel 2844 df-nfc 2918 df-ne 2965 df-nel 3071 df-ral 3086 df-rex 3096 df-rmo 3376 df-reu 3377 df-rab 3424 df-v 3465 df-sbc 3754 df-csb 3862 df-dif 3916 df-un 3918 df-in 3920 df-ss 3930 df-pss 3933 df-nul 4295 df-if 4493 df-pw 4569 df-sn 4595 df-pr 4597 df-tp 4599 df-op 4601 df-uni 4877 df-int 4917 df-iun 4962 df-disj 5081 df-br 5114 df-opab 5178 df-mpt 5197 df-tr 5223 df-id 5557 df-eprel 5562 df-po 5570 df-so 5571 df-fr 5615 df-se 5616 df-we 5617 df-xp 5668 df-rel 5669 df-cnv 5670 df-co 5671 df-dm 5672 df-rn 5673 df-res 5674 df-ima 5675 df-pred 6303 df-ord 6364 df-on 6365 df-lim 6366 df-suc 6367 df-iota 6493 df-fun 6539 df-fn 6540 df-f 6541 df-f1 6542 df-fo 6543 df-f1o 6544 df-fv 6545 df-isom 6546 df-riota 7368 df-ov 7414 df-oprab 7415 df-mpo 7416 df-of 7675 df-om 7863 df-1st 7986 df-2nd 7987 df-supp 8157 df-tpos 8222 df-frecs 8278 df-wrecs 8309 df-recs 8358 df-rdg 8397 df-1o 8453 df-2o 8454 df-oadd 8457 df-er 8694 df-ec 8696 df-qs 8700 df-map 8826 df-en 8944 df-dom 8945 df-sdom 8946 df-fin 8947 df-fsupp 9322 df-sup 9402 df-inf 9403 df-oi 9472 df-dju 9887 df-card 9925 df-pnf 11245 df-mnf 11246 df-xr 11247 df-ltxr 11248 df-le 11249 df-sub 11443 df-neg 11444 df-div 11872 df-nn 12234 df-2 12303 df-3 12304 df-4 12305 df-5 12306 df-6 12307 df-7 12308 df-8 12309 df-9 12310 df-n0 12505 df-xnn0 12578 df-z 12592 df-dec 12712 df-uz 12863 df-q 12973 df-rp 13017 df-fz 13536 df-fzo 13683 df-fl 13825 df-mod 13903 df-seq 14038 df-exp 14098 df-hash 14367 df-cj 15150 df-re 15151 df-im 15152 df-sqrt 15286 df-abs 15287 df-clim 15539 df-sum 15738 df-dvds 16311 df-gcd 16553 df-prm 16730 df-phi 16825 df-pc 16897 df-struct 17207 df-sets 17224 df-slot 17242 df-ndx 17254 df-base 17270 df-ress 17291 df-plusg 17323 df-mulr 17324 df-starv 17325 df-sca 17326 df-vsca 17327 df-ip 17328 df-tset 17329 df-ple 17330 df-ds 17332 df-unif 17333 df-0g 17494 df-gsum 17495 df-imas 17562 df-qus 17563 df-mgm 18698 df-sgrp 18777 df-mnd 18793 df-mhm 18841 df-submnd 18842 df-grp 19003 df-minusg 19004 df-sbg 19005 df-mulg 19134 df-subg 19189 df-nsg 19190 df-eqg 19191 df-ghm 19284 df-cntz 19387 df-cmn 19852 df-abl 19853 df-mgp 20217 df-rng 20231 df-ur 20264 df-ring 20317 df-cring 20318 df-oppr 20419 df-dvdsr 20439 df-unit 20440 df-invr 20470 df-dvr 20483 df-rhm 20554 df-nzr 20596 df-subrng 20631 df-subrg 20655 df-rlreg 20779 df-domn 20780 df-idom 20781 df-drng 20815 df-field 20816 df-lmod 20961 df-lss 21031 df-lsp 21071 df-sra 21272 df-rgmod 21273 df-lidl 21310 df-rsp 21311 df-2idl 21360 df-cnfld 21492 df-zring 21566 df-zrh 21622 df-zn 21625 df-lgs 27425 |
| This theorem is referenced by: lgsquad2 27516 |
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