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| Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > lgsquad | Structured version Visualization version GIF version | ||
| Description: The Law of Quadratic Reciprocity, see also theorem 9.8 in [ApostolNT] p. 185. If 𝑃 and 𝑄 are distinct odd primes, then the product of the Legendre symbols (𝑃 /L 𝑄) and (𝑄 /L 𝑃) is the parity of ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2). This uses Eisenstein's proof, which also has a nice geometric interpretation - see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_of_quadratic_reciprocity. This is Metamath 100 proof #7. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 19-Jun-2015.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| lgsquad | ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → ((𝑃 /L 𝑄) · (𝑄 /L 𝑃)) = (-1↑(((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | simp1 1136 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2})) | |
| 2 | simp2 1137 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2})) | |
| 3 | simp3 1138 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) | |
| 4 | eqid 2729 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) = ((𝑃 − 1) / 2) | |
| 5 | eqid 2729 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝑄 − 1) / 2) = ((𝑄 − 1) / 2) | |
| 6 | eleq1w 2811 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → (𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ↔ 𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)))) | |
| 7 | eleq1w 2811 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑤 → (𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2)) ↔ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) | |
| 8 | 6, 7 | bi2anan9 638 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → ((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ↔ (𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))))) |
| 9 | oveq1 7394 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑤 → (𝑦 · 𝑃) = (𝑤 · 𝑃)) | |
| 10 | oveq1 7394 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → (𝑥 · 𝑄) = (𝑧 · 𝑄)) | |
| 11 | 9, 10 | breqan12rd 5124 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → ((𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄) ↔ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄))) |
| 12 | 8, 11 | anbi12d 632 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑤) → (((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄)) ↔ ((𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄)))) |
| 13 | 12 | cbvopabv 5180 | . 2 ⊢ {〈𝑥, 𝑦〉 ∣ ((𝑥 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑦 · 𝑃) < (𝑥 · 𝑄))} = {〈𝑧, 𝑤〉 ∣ ((𝑧 ∈ (1...((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ (1...((𝑄 − 1) / 2))) ∧ (𝑤 · 𝑃) < (𝑧 · 𝑄))} |
| 14 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 13 | lgsquadlem3 27293 | 1 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → ((𝑃 /L 𝑄) · (𝑄 /L 𝑃)) = (-1↑(((𝑃 − 1) / 2) · ((𝑄 − 1) / 2)))) |
| Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
| Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 395 ∧ w3a 1086 = wceq 1540 ∈ wcel 2109 ≠ wne 2925 ∖ cdif 3911 {csn 4589 class class class wbr 5107 {copab 5169 (class class class)co 7387 1c1 11069 · cmul 11073 < clt 11208 − cmin 11405 -cneg 11406 / cdiv 11835 2c2 12241 ...cfz 13468 ↑cexp 14026 ℙcprime 16641 /L clgs 27205 |
| This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1795 ax-4 1809 ax-5 1910 ax-6 1967 ax-7 2008 ax-8 2111 ax-9 2119 ax-10 2142 ax-11 2158 ax-12 2178 ax-ext 2701 ax-rep 5234 ax-sep 5251 ax-nul 5261 ax-pow 5320 ax-pr 5387 ax-un 7711 ax-inf2 9594 ax-cnex 11124 ax-resscn 11125 ax-1cn 11126 ax-icn 11127 ax-addcl 11128 ax-addrcl 11129 ax-mulcl 11130 ax-mulrcl 11131 ax-mulcom 11132 ax-addass 11133 ax-mulass 11134 ax-distr 11135 ax-i2m1 11136 ax-1ne0 11137 ax-1rid 11138 ax-rnegex 11139 ax-rrecex 11140 ax-cnre 11141 ax-pre-lttri 11142 ax-pre-lttrn 11143 ax-pre-ltadd 11144 ax-pre-mulgt0 11145 ax-pre-sup 11146 ax-addf 11147 ax-mulf 11148 |
| This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 207 df-an 396 df-or 848 df-3or 1087 df-3an 1088 df-tru 1543 df-fal 1553 df-ex 1780 df-nf 1784 df-sb 2066 df-mo 2533 df-eu 2562 df-clab 2708 df-cleq 2721 df-clel 2803 df-nfc 2878 df-ne 2926 df-nel 3030 df-ral 3045 df-rex 3054 df-rmo 3354 df-reu 3355 df-rab 3406 df-v 3449 df-sbc 3754 df-csb 3863 df-dif 3917 df-un 3919 df-in 3921 df-ss 3931 df-pss 3934 df-nul 4297 df-if 4489 df-pw 4565 df-sn 4590 df-pr 4592 df-tp 4594 df-op 4596 df-uni 4872 df-int 4911 df-iun 4957 df-disj 5075 df-br 5108 df-opab 5170 df-mpt 5189 df-tr 5215 df-id 5533 df-eprel 5538 df-po 5546 df-so 5547 df-fr 5591 df-se 5592 df-we 5593 df-xp 5644 df-rel 5645 df-cnv 5646 df-co 5647 df-dm 5648 df-rn 5649 df-res 5650 df-ima 5651 df-pred 6274 df-ord 6335 df-on 6336 df-lim 6337 df-suc 6338 df-iota 6464 df-fun 6513 df-fn 6514 df-f 6515 df-f1 6516 df-fo 6517 df-f1o 6518 df-fv 6519 df-isom 6520 df-riota 7344 df-ov 7390 df-oprab 7391 df-mpo 7392 df-of 7653 df-om 7843 df-1st 7968 df-2nd 7969 df-supp 8140 df-tpos 8205 df-frecs 8260 df-wrecs 8291 df-recs 8340 df-rdg 8378 df-1o 8434 df-2o 8435 df-oadd 8438 df-er 8671 df-ec 8673 df-qs 8677 df-map 8801 df-en 8919 df-dom 8920 df-sdom 8921 df-fin 8922 df-fsupp 9313 df-sup 9393 df-inf 9394 df-oi 9463 df-dju 9854 df-card 9892 df-pnf 11210 df-mnf 11211 df-xr 11212 df-ltxr 11213 df-le 11214 df-sub 11407 df-neg 11408 df-div 11836 df-nn 12187 df-2 12249 df-3 12250 df-4 12251 df-5 12252 df-6 12253 df-7 12254 df-8 12255 df-9 12256 df-n0 12443 df-xnn0 12516 df-z 12530 df-dec 12650 df-uz 12794 df-q 12908 df-rp 12952 df-fz 13469 df-fzo 13616 df-fl 13754 df-mod 13832 df-seq 13967 df-exp 14027 df-hash 14296 df-cj 15065 df-re 15066 df-im 15067 df-sqrt 15201 df-abs 15202 df-clim 15454 df-sum 15653 df-dvds 16223 df-gcd 16465 df-prm 16642 df-phi 16736 df-pc 16808 df-struct 17117 df-sets 17134 df-slot 17152 df-ndx 17164 df-base 17180 df-ress 17201 df-plusg 17233 df-mulr 17234 df-starv 17235 df-sca 17236 df-vsca 17237 df-ip 17238 df-tset 17239 df-ple 17240 df-ds 17242 df-unif 17243 df-0g 17404 df-gsum 17405 df-imas 17471 df-qus 17472 df-mgm 18567 df-sgrp 18646 df-mnd 18662 df-mhm 18710 df-submnd 18711 df-grp 18868 df-minusg 18869 df-sbg 18870 df-mulg 19000 df-subg 19055 df-nsg 19056 df-eqg 19057 df-ghm 19145 df-cntz 19249 df-cmn 19712 df-abl 19713 df-mgp 20050 df-rng 20062 df-ur 20091 df-ring 20144 df-cring 20145 df-oppr 20246 df-dvdsr 20266 df-unit 20267 df-invr 20297 df-dvr 20310 df-rhm 20381 df-nzr 20422 df-subrng 20455 df-subrg 20479 df-rlreg 20603 df-domn 20604 df-idom 20605 df-drng 20640 df-field 20641 df-lmod 20768 df-lss 20838 df-lsp 20878 df-sra 21080 df-rgmod 21081 df-lidl 21118 df-rsp 21119 df-2idl 21160 df-cnfld 21265 df-zring 21357 df-zrh 21413 df-zn 21416 df-lgs 27206 |
| This theorem is referenced by: lgsquad2 27297 |
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