Theorem cayleyhamilton 22855

Description: The Cayley-Hamilton theorem: A matrix over a commutative ring "satisfies its own characteristic equation", see theorem 7.8 in [Roman] p. 170 (without proof!), or theorem 3.1 in [Lang] p. 561. In other words, a matrix over a commutative ring "inserted" into its characteristic polynomial results in zero. This is Metamath 100 proof #49. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-Nov-2019.)

Hypotheses

Ref	Expression
cayleyhamilton.a	⊢ 𝐴 = (𝑁 Mat 𝑅)
cayleyhamilton.b	⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐴)
cayleyhamilton.0	⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐴)
cayleyhamilton.c	⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑁 CharPlyMat 𝑅)
cayleyhamilton.k	⊢ 𝐾 = (coe1‘(𝐶‘𝑀))
cayleyhamilton.m	⊢ ∗ = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐴)
cayleyhamilton.e	⊢ ↑ = (.g‘(mulGrp‘𝐴))

Assertion

Ref	Expression
cayleyhamilton	⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑅 ∈ CRing ∧ 𝑀 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝐴 Σg (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((𝐾‘𝑛) ∗ (𝑛 ↑ 𝑀)))) = 0 )

Distinct variable groups:   𝐴,𝑛   𝐵,𝑛   𝐶,𝑛   𝑛,𝑀   𝑛,𝑁   𝑅,𝑛   ∗ ,𝑛   ↑ ,𝑛

Allowed substitution hints:   𝐾(𝑛)   0 (𝑛)

Proof of Theorem cayleyhamilton

Dummy variables 𝑥 𝑦 𝑙 are mutually distinct and distinct from all other variables.

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		cayleyhamilton.a	. 2 ⊢ 𝐴 = (𝑁 Mat 𝑅)
2		cayleyhamilton.b	. 2 ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐴)
3		cayleyhamilton.0	. 2 ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐴)
4		eqid 2736	. 2 ⊢ (1r‘𝐴) = (1r‘𝐴)
5		cayleyhamilton.m	. 2 ⊢ ∗ = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐴)
6		cayleyhamilton.e	. 2 ⊢ ↑ = (.g‘(mulGrp‘𝐴))
7		cayleyhamilton.c	. 2 ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑁 CharPlyMat 𝑅)
8		cayleyhamilton.k	. 2 ⊢ 𝐾 = (coe1‘(𝐶‘𝑀))
9		eqid 2736	. 2 ⊢ (Poly1‘𝑅) = (Poly1‘𝑅)
10		eqid 2736	. 2 ⊢ (𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)) = (𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))
11		eqid 2736	. 2 ⊢ (.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))) = (.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))
12		eqid 2736	. 2 ⊢ (-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))) = (-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))
13		eqid 2736	. 2 ⊢ (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))) = (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))
14		eqid 2736	. 2 ⊢ (Base‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))) = (Base‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))
15		eqid 2736	. 2 ⊢ (.g‘(mulGrp‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))) = (.g‘(mulGrp‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))))
16		eqid 2736	. 2 ⊢ (𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅) = (𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)
17		eqeq1 2740	. . . 4 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → (𝑙 = 0 ↔ 𝑛 = 0))
18		eqeq1 2740	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → (𝑙 = (𝑥 + 1) ↔ 𝑛 = (𝑥 + 1)))
19		breq2 5089	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → ((𝑥 + 1) < 𝑙 ↔ (𝑥 + 1) < 𝑛))
20		fvoveq1 7390	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → (𝑦‘(𝑙 − 1)) = (𝑦‘(𝑛 − 1)))
21	20	fveq2d 6844	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑙 − 1))) = ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑛 − 1))))
22		2fveq3 6845	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑙)) = ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑛)))
23	22	oveq2d 7383	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑙))) = (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑛))))
24	21, 23	oveq12d 7385	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑙 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑙)))) = (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑛 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑛)))))
25	19, 24	ifbieq2d 4493	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → if((𝑥 + 1) < 𝑙, (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))), (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑙 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑙))))) = if((𝑥 + 1) < 𝑛, (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))), (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑛 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑛))))))
26	18, 25	ifbieq2d 4493	. . . 4 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → if(𝑙 = (𝑥 + 1), ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑥)), if((𝑥 + 1) < 𝑙, (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))), (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑙 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑙)))))) = if(𝑛 = (𝑥 + 1), ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑥)), if((𝑥 + 1) < 𝑛, (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))), (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑛 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑛)))))))
27	17, 26	ifbieq2d 4493	. . 3 ⊢ (𝑙 = 𝑛 → if(𝑙 = 0, ((0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘0)))), if(𝑙 = (𝑥 + 1), ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑥)), if((𝑥 + 1) < 𝑙, (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))), (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑙 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑙))))))) = if(𝑛 = 0, ((0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘0)))), if(𝑛 = (𝑥 + 1), ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑥)), if((𝑥 + 1) < 𝑛, (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))), (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑛 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑛))))))))
28	27	cbvmptv 5189	. 2 ⊢ (𝑙 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ if(𝑙 = 0, ((0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘0)))), if(𝑙 = (𝑥 + 1), ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑥)), if((𝑥 + 1) < 𝑙, (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))), (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑙 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑙)))))))) = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ if(𝑛 = 0, ((0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘0)))), if(𝑛 = (𝑥 + 1), ((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑥)), if((𝑥 + 1) < 𝑛, (0g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅))), (((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘(𝑛 − 1)))(-g‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))(((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘𝑀)(.r‘(𝑁 Mat (Poly1‘𝑅)))((𝑁 matToPolyMat 𝑅)‘(𝑦‘𝑛))))))))
29		eqid 2736	. 2 ⊢ (𝑁 cPolyMatToMat 𝑅) = (𝑁 cPolyMatToMat 𝑅)
30	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 28, 29	cayleyhamilton0 22854	1 ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑅 ∈ CRing ∧ 𝑀 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝐴 Σg (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((𝐾‘𝑛) ∗ (𝑛 ↑ 𝑀)))) = 0 )

Syntax hints:   → wi 4   ∧ w3a 1087   = wceq 1542   ∈ wcel 2114  ifcif 4466   class class class wbr 5085   ↦ cmpt 5166  ‘cfv 6498  (class class class)co 7367  Fincfn 8893  0cc0 11038  1c1 11039   + caddc 11041   < clt 11179   − cmin 11377  ℕ₀cn0 12437  Basecbs 17179  ._rcmulr 17221   ·_𝑠 cvsca 17224  0_gc0g 17402   Σ_g cgsu 17403  -_gcsg 18911  ._gcmg 19043  mulGrpcmgp 20121  1_rcur 20162  CRingccrg 20215  Poly₁cpl1 22140  coe₁cco1 22141   Mat cmat 22372   matToPolyMat cmat2pmat 22669   cPolyMatToMat ccpmat2mat 22670   CharPlyMat cchpmat 22791

This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1797  ax-4 1811  ax-5 1912  ax-6 1969  ax-7 2010  ax-8 2116  ax-9 2124  ax-10 2147  ax-11 2163  ax-12 2185  ax-ext 2708  ax-rep 5212  ax-sep 5231  ax-nul 5241  ax-pow 5307  ax-pr 5375  ax-un 7689  ax-cnex 11094  ax-resscn 11095  ax-1cn 11096  ax-icn 11097  ax-addcl 11098  ax-addrcl 11099  ax-mulcl 11100  ax-mulrcl 11101  ax-mulcom 11102  ax-addass 11103  ax-mulass 11104  ax-distr 11105  ax-i2m1 11106  ax-1ne0 11107  ax-1rid 11108  ax-rnegex 11109  ax-rrecex 11110  ax-cnre 11111  ax-pre-lttri 11112  ax-pre-lttrn 11113  ax-pre-ltadd 11114  ax-pre-mulgt0 11115  ax-addf 11117  ax-mulf 11118

This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 207  df-an 396  df-or 849  df-3or 1088  df-3an 1089  df-xor 1514  df-tru 1545  df-fal 1555  df-ex 1782  df-nf 1786  df-sb 2069  df-mo 2539  df-eu 2569  df-clab 2715  df-cleq 2728  df-clel 2811  df-nfc 2885  df-ne 2933  df-nel 3037  df-ral 3052  df-rex 3062  df-rmo 3342  df-reu 3343  df-rab 3390  df-v 3431  df-sbc 3729  df-csb 3838  df-dif 3892  df-un 3894  df-in 3896  df-ss 3906  df-pss 3909  df-nul 4274  df-if 4467  df-pw 4543  df-sn 4568  df-pr 4570  df-tp 4572  df-op 4574  df-ot 4576  df-uni 4851  df-int 4890  df-iun 4935  df-iin 4936  df-br 5086  df-opab 5148  df-mpt 5167  df-tr 5193  df-id 5526  df-eprel 5531  df-po 5539  df-so 5540  df-fr 5584  df-se 5585  df-we 5586  df-xp 5637  df-rel 5638  df-cnv 5639  df-co 5640  df-dm 5641  df-rn 5642  df-res 5643  df-ima 5644  df-pred 6265  df-ord 6326  df-on 6327  df-lim 6328  df-suc 6329  df-iota 6454  df-fun 6500  df-fn 6501  df-f 6502  df-f1 6503  df-fo 6504  df-f1o 6505  df-fv 6506  df-isom 6507  df-riota 7324  df-ov 7370  df-oprab 7371  df-mpo 7372  df-of 7631  df-ofr 7632  df-om 7818  df-1st 7942  df-2nd 7943  df-supp 8111  df-tpos 8176  df-cur 8217  df-frecs 8231  df-wrecs 8262  df-recs 8311  df-rdg 8349  df-1o 8405  df-2o 8406  df-er 8643  df-map 8775  df-pm 8776  df-ixp 8846  df-en 8894  df-dom 8895  df-sdom 8896  df-fin 8897  df-fsupp 9275  df-sup 9355  df-oi 9425  df-card 9863  df-pnf 11181  df-mnf 11182  df-xr 11183  df-ltxr 11184  df-le 11185  df-sub 11379  df-neg 11380  df-div 11808  df-nn 12175  df-2 12244  df-3 12245  df-4 12246  df-5 12247  df-6 12248  df-7 12249  df-8 12250  df-9 12251  df-n0 12438  df-xnn0 12511  df-z 12525  df-dec 12645  df-uz 12789  df-rp 12943  df-fz 13462  df-fzo 13609  df-seq 13964  df-exp 14024  df-hash 14293  df-word 14476  df-lsw 14525  df-concat 14533  df-s1 14559  df-substr 14604  df-pfx 14634  df-splice 14712  df-reverse 14721  df-s2 14810  df-struct 17117  df-sets 17134  df-slot 17152  df-ndx 17164  df-base 17180  df-ress 17201  df-plusg 17233  df-mulr 17234  df-starv 17235  df-sca 17236  df-vsca 17237  df-ip 17238  df-tset 17239  df-ple 17240  df-ds 17242  df-unif 17243  df-hom 17244  df-cco 17245  df-0g 17404  df-gsum 17405  df-prds 17410  df-pws 17412  df-mre 17548  df-mrc 17549  df-acs 17551  df-mgm 18608  df-sgrp 18687  df-mnd 18703  df-mhm 18751  df-submnd 18752  df-efmnd 18837  df-grp 18912  df-minusg 18913  df-sbg 18914  df-mulg 19044  df-subg 19099  df-ghm 19188  df-gim 19234  df-cntz 19292  df-oppg 19321  df-symg 19345  df-pmtr 19417  df-psgn 19466  df-evpm 19467  df-cmn 19757  df-abl 19758  df-mgp 20122  df-rng 20134  df-ur 20163  df-srg 20168  df-ring 20216  df-cring 20217  df-oppr 20317  df-dvdsr 20337  df-unit 20338  df-invr 20368  df-dvr 20381  df-rhm 20452  df-subrng 20523  df-subrg 20547  df-drng 20708  df-lmod 20857  df-lss 20927  df-sra 21168  df-rgmod 21169  df-cnfld 21353  df-zring 21427  df-zrh 21483  df-dsmm 21712  df-frlm 21727  df-assa 21833  df-ascl 21835  df-psr 21889  df-mvr 21890  df-mpl 21891  df-opsr 21893  df-psr1 22143  df-vr1 22144  df-ply1 22145  df-coe1 22146  df-mamu 22356  df-mat 22373  df-mdet 22550  df-madu 22599  df-cpmat 22671  df-mat2pmat 22672  df-cpmat2mat 22673  df-decpmat 22728  df-pm2mp 22758  df-chpmat 22792

This theorem is referenced by:  cayleyhamilton1  22857