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Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > fta | Structured version Visualization version GIF version |
Description: The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. Any polynomial with positive degree (i.e. non-constant) has a root. This is Metamath 100 proof #2. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Sep-2014.) |
Ref | Expression |
---|---|
fta | ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0) |
Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
---|---|---|---|
1 | eqid 2737 | . . . 4 ⊢ (coeff‘𝐹) = (coeff‘𝐹) | |
2 | eqid 2737 | . . . 4 ⊢ (deg‘𝐹) = (deg‘𝐹) | |
3 | simpl 484 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆)) | |
4 | simpr 486 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) | |
5 | eqid 2737 | . . . 4 ⊢ if(if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1) ≤ ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1)) = if(if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1) ≤ ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1)) | |
6 | eqid 2737 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)) = ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)) | |
7 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 | ftalem2 26336 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)))) |
8 | simpll 765 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆)) | |
9 | simplr 767 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) | |
10 | eqid 2737 | . . . 4 ⊢ {𝑠 ∈ ℂ ∣ (abs‘𝑠) ≤ 𝑟} = {𝑠 ∈ ℂ ∣ (abs‘𝑠) ≤ 𝑟} | |
11 | eqid 2737 | . . . 4 ⊢ (TopOpen‘ℂfld) = (TopOpen‘ℂfld) | |
12 | simprl 769 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → 𝑟 ∈ ℝ+) | |
13 | simprr 771 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)))) | |
14 | fveq2 6837 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (abs‘𝑦) = (abs‘𝑥)) | |
15 | 14 | breq2d 5115 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) ↔ 𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥))) |
16 | 2fveq3 6842 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)) = (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) | |
17 | 16 | breq2d 5115 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)) ↔ (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
18 | 15, 17 | imbi12d 345 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → ((𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))) ↔ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))))) |
19 | 18 | cbvralvw 3223 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))) ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
20 | 13, 19 | sylib 217 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
21 | 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 20 | ftalem3 26337 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) |
22 | 7, 21 | rexlimddv 3156 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) |
23 | simpll 765 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆)) | |
24 | simplr 767 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) | |
25 | simprl 769 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → 𝑧 ∈ ℂ) | |
26 | simprr 771 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0) | |
27 | 1, 2, 23, 24, 25, 26 | ftalem7 26341 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → ¬ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) |
28 | 27 | expr 458 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0 → ¬ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
29 | 28 | necon4ad 2960 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ ℂ) → (∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)) → (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0)) |
30 | 29 | reximdva 3163 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → (∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0)) |
31 | 22, 30 | mpd 15 | 1 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0) |
Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
Syntax hints: ¬ wn 3 → wi 4 ∧ wa 397 = wceq 1541 ∈ wcel 2106 ≠ wne 2941 ∀wral 3062 ∃wrex 3071 {crab 3405 ifcif 4484 class class class wbr 5103 ‘cfv 6491 (class class class)co 7349 ℂcc 10982 0cc0 10984 1c1 10985 < clt 11122 ≤ cle 11123 / cdiv 11745 ℕcn 12086 2c2 12141 ℝ+crp 12843 abscabs 15052 TopOpenctopn 17237 ℂfldccnfld 20710 Polycply 25458 coeffccoe 25460 degcdgr 25461 |
This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1797 ax-4 1811 ax-5 1913 ax-6 1971 ax-7 2011 ax-8 2108 ax-9 2116 ax-10 2137 ax-11 2154 ax-12 2171 ax-ext 2708 ax-rep 5240 ax-sep 5254 ax-nul 5261 ax-pow 5318 ax-pr 5382 ax-un 7662 ax-inf2 9510 ax-cnex 11040 ax-resscn 11041 ax-1cn 11042 ax-icn 11043 ax-addcl 11044 ax-addrcl 11045 ax-mulcl 11046 ax-mulrcl 11047 ax-mulcom 11048 ax-addass 11049 ax-mulass 11050 ax-distr 11051 ax-i2m1 11052 ax-1ne0 11053 ax-1rid 11054 ax-rnegex 11055 ax-rrecex 11056 ax-cnre 11057 ax-pre-lttri 11058 ax-pre-lttrn 11059 ax-pre-ltadd 11060 ax-pre-mulgt0 11061 ax-pre-sup 11062 ax-addf 11063 ax-mulf 11064 |
This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 206 df-an 398 df-or 846 df-3or 1088 df-3an 1089 df-tru 1544 df-fal 1554 df-ex 1782 df-nf 1786 df-sb 2068 df-mo 2539 df-eu 2568 df-clab 2715 df-cleq 2729 df-clel 2815 df-nfc 2887 df-ne 2942 df-nel 3048 df-ral 3063 df-rex 3072 df-rmo 3351 df-reu 3352 df-rab 3406 df-v 3445 df-sbc 3738 df-csb 3854 df-dif 3911 df-un 3913 df-in 3915 df-ss 3925 df-pss 3927 df-nul 4281 df-if 4485 df-pw 4560 df-sn 4585 df-pr 4587 df-tp 4589 df-op 4591 df-uni 4864 df-int 4906 df-iun 4954 df-iin 4955 df-br 5104 df-opab 5166 df-mpt 5187 df-tr 5221 df-id 5528 df-eprel 5534 df-po 5542 df-so 5543 df-fr 5585 df-se 5586 df-we 5587 df-xp 5636 df-rel 5637 df-cnv 5638 df-co 5639 df-dm 5640 df-rn 5641 df-res 5642 df-ima 5643 df-pred 6249 df-ord 6316 df-on 6317 df-lim 6318 df-suc 6319 df-iota 6443 df-fun 6493 df-fn 6494 df-f 6495 df-f1 6496 df-fo 6497 df-f1o 6498 df-fv 6499 df-isom 6500 df-riota 7305 df-ov 7352 df-oprab 7353 df-mpo 7354 df-of 7607 df-om 7793 df-1st 7911 df-2nd 7912 df-supp 8060 df-frecs 8179 df-wrecs 8210 df-recs 8284 df-rdg 8323 df-1o 8379 df-2o 8380 df-er 8581 df-map 8700 df-pm 8701 df-ixp 8769 df-en 8817 df-dom 8818 df-sdom 8819 df-fin 8820 df-fsupp 9239 df-fi 9280 df-sup 9311 df-inf 9312 df-oi 9379 df-card 9808 df-pnf 11124 df-mnf 11125 df-xr 11126 df-ltxr 11127 df-le 11128 df-sub 11320 df-neg 11321 df-div 11746 df-nn 12087 df-2 12149 df-3 12150 df-4 12151 df-5 12152 df-6 12153 df-7 12154 df-8 12155 df-9 12156 df-n0 12347 df-z 12433 df-dec 12551 df-uz 12696 df-q 12802 df-rp 12844 df-xneg 12961 df-xadd 12962 df-xmul 12963 df-ioo 13196 df-ioc 13197 df-ico 13198 df-icc 13199 df-fz 13353 df-fzo 13496 df-fl 13625 df-mod 13703 df-seq 13835 df-exp 13896 df-fac 14101 df-bc 14130 df-hash 14158 df-shft 14885 df-cj 14917 df-re 14918 df-im 14919 df-sqrt 15053 df-abs 15054 df-limsup 15287 df-clim 15304 df-rlim 15305 df-sum 15505 df-ef 15884 df-sin 15886 df-cos 15887 df-pi 15889 df-struct 16953 df-sets 16970 df-slot 16988 df-ndx 17000 df-base 17018 df-ress 17047 df-plusg 17080 df-mulr 17081 df-starv 17082 df-sca 17083 df-vsca 17084 df-ip 17085 df-tset 17086 df-ple 17087 df-ds 17089 df-unif 17090 df-hom 17091 df-cco 17092 df-rest 17238 df-topn 17239 df-0g 17257 df-gsum 17258 df-topgen 17259 df-pt 17260 df-prds 17263 df-xrs 17318 df-qtop 17323 df-imas 17324 df-xps 17326 df-mre 17400 df-mrc 17401 df-acs 17403 df-mgm 18431 df-sgrp 18480 df-mnd 18491 df-submnd 18536 df-mulg 18805 df-cntz 19027 df-cmn 19491 df-psmet 20702 df-xmet 20703 df-met 20704 df-bl 20705 df-mopn 20706 df-fbas 20707 df-fg 20708 df-cnfld 20711 df-top 22156 df-topon 22173 df-topsp 22195 df-bases 22209 df-cld 22283 df-ntr 22284 df-cls 22285 df-nei 22362 df-lp 22400 df-perf 22401 df-cn 22491 df-cnp 22492 df-haus 22579 df-cmp 22651 df-tx 22826 df-hmeo 23019 df-fil 23110 df-fm 23202 df-flim 23203 df-flf 23204 df-xms 23586 df-ms 23587 df-tms 23588 df-cncf 24154 df-0p 24947 df-limc 25143 df-dv 25144 df-ply 25462 df-idp 25463 df-coe 25464 df-dgr 25465 df-log 25825 df-cxp 25826 |
This theorem is referenced by: (None) |
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