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Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > fta | Structured version Visualization version GIF version |
Description: The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. Any polynomial with positive degree (i.e. non-constant) has a root. This is Metamath 100 proof #2. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Sep-2014.) |
Ref | Expression |
---|---|
fta | ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0) |
Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
---|---|---|---|
1 | eqid 2725 | . . . 4 ⊢ (coeff‘𝐹) = (coeff‘𝐹) | |
2 | eqid 2725 | . . . 4 ⊢ (deg‘𝐹) = (deg‘𝐹) | |
3 | simpl 481 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆)) | |
4 | simpr 483 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) | |
5 | eqid 2725 | . . . 4 ⊢ if(if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1) ≤ ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1)) = if(if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1) ≤ ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1)) | |
6 | eqid 2725 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)) = ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)) | |
7 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 | ftalem2 27051 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)))) |
8 | simpll 765 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆)) | |
9 | simplr 767 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) | |
10 | eqid 2725 | . . . 4 ⊢ {𝑠 ∈ ℂ ∣ (abs‘𝑠) ≤ 𝑟} = {𝑠 ∈ ℂ ∣ (abs‘𝑠) ≤ 𝑟} | |
11 | eqid 2725 | . . . 4 ⊢ (TopOpen‘ℂfld) = (TopOpen‘ℂfld) | |
12 | simprl 769 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → 𝑟 ∈ ℝ+) | |
13 | simprr 771 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)))) | |
14 | fveq2 6896 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (abs‘𝑦) = (abs‘𝑥)) | |
15 | 14 | breq2d 5161 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) ↔ 𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥))) |
16 | 2fveq3 6901 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)) = (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) | |
17 | 16 | breq2d 5161 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)) ↔ (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
18 | 15, 17 | imbi12d 343 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → ((𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))) ↔ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))))) |
19 | 18 | cbvralvw 3224 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))) ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
20 | 13, 19 | sylib 217 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
21 | 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 20 | ftalem3 27052 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) |
22 | 7, 21 | rexlimddv 3150 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) |
23 | simpll 765 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆)) | |
24 | simplr 767 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) | |
25 | simprl 769 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → 𝑧 ∈ ℂ) | |
26 | simprr 771 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0) | |
27 | 1, 2, 23, 24, 25, 26 | ftalem7 27056 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → ¬ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) |
28 | 27 | expr 455 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0 → ¬ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
29 | 28 | necon4ad 2948 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ ℂ) → (∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)) → (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0)) |
30 | 29 | reximdva 3157 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → (∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0)) |
31 | 22, 30 | mpd 15 | 1 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0) |
Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
Syntax hints: ¬ wn 3 → wi 4 ∧ wa 394 = wceq 1533 ∈ wcel 2098 ≠ wne 2929 ∀wral 3050 ∃wrex 3059 {crab 3418 ifcif 4530 class class class wbr 5149 ‘cfv 6549 (class class class)co 7419 ℂcc 11138 0cc0 11140 1c1 11141 < clt 11280 ≤ cle 11281 / cdiv 11903 ℕcn 12245 2c2 12300 ℝ+crp 13009 abscabs 15217 TopOpenctopn 17406 ℂfldccnfld 21296 Polycply 26163 coeffccoe 26165 degcdgr 26166 |
This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1789 ax-4 1803 ax-5 1905 ax-6 1963 ax-7 2003 ax-8 2100 ax-9 2108 ax-10 2129 ax-11 2146 ax-12 2166 ax-ext 2696 ax-rep 5286 ax-sep 5300 ax-nul 5307 ax-pow 5365 ax-pr 5429 ax-un 7741 ax-inf2 9666 ax-cnex 11196 ax-resscn 11197 ax-1cn 11198 ax-icn 11199 ax-addcl 11200 ax-addrcl 11201 ax-mulcl 11202 ax-mulrcl 11203 ax-mulcom 11204 ax-addass 11205 ax-mulass 11206 ax-distr 11207 ax-i2m1 11208 ax-1ne0 11209 ax-1rid 11210 ax-rnegex 11211 ax-rrecex 11212 ax-cnre 11213 ax-pre-lttri 11214 ax-pre-lttrn 11215 ax-pre-ltadd 11216 ax-pre-mulgt0 11217 ax-pre-sup 11218 ax-addf 11219 |
This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 206 df-an 395 df-or 846 df-3or 1085 df-3an 1086 df-tru 1536 df-fal 1546 df-ex 1774 df-nf 1778 df-sb 2060 df-mo 2528 df-eu 2557 df-clab 2703 df-cleq 2717 df-clel 2802 df-nfc 2877 df-ne 2930 df-nel 3036 df-ral 3051 df-rex 3060 df-rmo 3363 df-reu 3364 df-rab 3419 df-v 3463 df-sbc 3774 df-csb 3890 df-dif 3947 df-un 3949 df-in 3951 df-ss 3961 df-pss 3964 df-nul 4323 df-if 4531 df-pw 4606 df-sn 4631 df-pr 4633 df-tp 4635 df-op 4637 df-uni 4910 df-int 4951 df-iun 4999 df-iin 5000 df-br 5150 df-opab 5212 df-mpt 5233 df-tr 5267 df-id 5576 df-eprel 5582 df-po 5590 df-so 5591 df-fr 5633 df-se 5634 df-we 5635 df-xp 5684 df-rel 5685 df-cnv 5686 df-co 5687 df-dm 5688 df-rn 5689 df-res 5690 df-ima 5691 df-pred 6307 df-ord 6374 df-on 6375 df-lim 6376 df-suc 6377 df-iota 6501 df-fun 6551 df-fn 6552 df-f 6553 df-f1 6554 df-fo 6555 df-f1o 6556 df-fv 6557 df-isom 6558 df-riota 7375 df-ov 7422 df-oprab 7423 df-mpo 7424 df-of 7685 df-om 7872 df-1st 7994 df-2nd 7995 df-supp 8166 df-frecs 8287 df-wrecs 8318 df-recs 8392 df-rdg 8431 df-1o 8487 df-2o 8488 df-er 8725 df-map 8847 df-pm 8848 df-ixp 8917 df-en 8965 df-dom 8966 df-sdom 8967 df-fin 8968 df-fsupp 9388 df-fi 9436 df-sup 9467 df-inf 9468 df-oi 9535 df-card 9964 df-pnf 11282 df-mnf 11283 df-xr 11284 df-ltxr 11285 df-le 11286 df-sub 11478 df-neg 11479 df-div 11904 df-nn 12246 df-2 12308 df-3 12309 df-4 12310 df-5 12311 df-6 12312 df-7 12313 df-8 12314 df-9 12315 df-n0 12506 df-z 12592 df-dec 12711 df-uz 12856 df-q 12966 df-rp 13010 df-xneg 13127 df-xadd 13128 df-xmul 13129 df-ioo 13363 df-ioc 13364 df-ico 13365 df-icc 13366 df-fz 13520 df-fzo 13663 df-fl 13793 df-mod 13871 df-seq 14003 df-exp 14063 df-fac 14269 df-bc 14298 df-hash 14326 df-shft 15050 df-cj 15082 df-re 15083 df-im 15084 df-sqrt 15218 df-abs 15219 df-limsup 15451 df-clim 15468 df-rlim 15469 df-sum 15669 df-ef 16047 df-sin 16049 df-cos 16050 df-pi 16052 df-struct 17119 df-sets 17136 df-slot 17154 df-ndx 17166 df-base 17184 df-ress 17213 df-plusg 17249 df-mulr 17250 df-starv 17251 df-sca 17252 df-vsca 17253 df-ip 17254 df-tset 17255 df-ple 17256 df-ds 17258 df-unif 17259 df-hom 17260 df-cco 17261 df-rest 17407 df-topn 17408 df-0g 17426 df-gsum 17427 df-topgen 17428 df-pt 17429 df-prds 17432 df-xrs 17487 df-qtop 17492 df-imas 17493 df-xps 17495 df-mre 17569 df-mrc 17570 df-acs 17572 df-mgm 18603 df-sgrp 18682 df-mnd 18698 df-submnd 18744 df-mulg 19032 df-cntz 19280 df-cmn 19749 df-psmet 21288 df-xmet 21289 df-met 21290 df-bl 21291 df-mopn 21292 df-fbas 21293 df-fg 21294 df-cnfld 21297 df-top 22840 df-topon 22857 df-topsp 22879 df-bases 22893 df-cld 22967 df-ntr 22968 df-cls 22969 df-nei 23046 df-lp 23084 df-perf 23085 df-cn 23175 df-cnp 23176 df-haus 23263 df-cmp 23335 df-tx 23510 df-hmeo 23703 df-fil 23794 df-fm 23886 df-flim 23887 df-flf 23888 df-xms 24270 df-ms 24271 df-tms 24272 df-cncf 24842 df-0p 25643 df-limc 25839 df-dv 25840 df-ply 26167 df-idp 26168 df-coe 26169 df-dgr 26170 df-log 26535 df-cxp 26536 |
This theorem is referenced by: (None) |
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