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Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > fta | Structured version Visualization version GIF version |
Description: The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. Any polynomial with positive degree (i.e. non-constant) has a root. This is Metamath 100 proof #2. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Sep-2014.) |
Ref | Expression |
---|---|
fta | ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0) |
Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
---|---|---|---|
1 | eqid 2731 | . . . 4 ⊢ (coeff‘𝐹) = (coeff‘𝐹) | |
2 | eqid 2731 | . . . 4 ⊢ (deg‘𝐹) = (deg‘𝐹) | |
3 | simpl 483 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆)) | |
4 | simpr 485 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) | |
5 | eqid 2731 | . . . 4 ⊢ if(if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1) ≤ ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1)) = if(if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1) ≤ ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1)) | |
6 | eqid 2731 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)) = ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)) | |
7 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 | ftalem2 26460 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)))) |
8 | simpll 765 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆)) | |
9 | simplr 767 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) | |
10 | eqid 2731 | . . . 4 ⊢ {𝑠 ∈ ℂ ∣ (abs‘𝑠) ≤ 𝑟} = {𝑠 ∈ ℂ ∣ (abs‘𝑠) ≤ 𝑟} | |
11 | eqid 2731 | . . . 4 ⊢ (TopOpen‘ℂfld) = (TopOpen‘ℂfld) | |
12 | simprl 769 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → 𝑟 ∈ ℝ+) | |
13 | simprr 771 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)))) | |
14 | fveq2 6847 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (abs‘𝑦) = (abs‘𝑥)) | |
15 | 14 | breq2d 5122 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) ↔ 𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥))) |
16 | 2fveq3 6852 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)) = (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) | |
17 | 16 | breq2d 5122 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)) ↔ (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
18 | 15, 17 | imbi12d 344 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → ((𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))) ↔ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))))) |
19 | 18 | cbvralvw 3223 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))) ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
20 | 13, 19 | sylib 217 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
21 | 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 20 | ftalem3 26461 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) |
22 | 7, 21 | rexlimddv 3154 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) |
23 | simpll 765 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆)) | |
24 | simplr 767 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) | |
25 | simprl 769 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → 𝑧 ∈ ℂ) | |
26 | simprr 771 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0) | |
27 | 1, 2, 23, 24, 25, 26 | ftalem7 26465 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → ¬ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) |
28 | 27 | expr 457 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0 → ¬ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
29 | 28 | necon4ad 2958 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ ℂ) → (∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)) → (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0)) |
30 | 29 | reximdva 3161 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → (∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0)) |
31 | 22, 30 | mpd 15 | 1 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0) |
Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
Syntax hints: ¬ wn 3 → wi 4 ∧ wa 396 = wceq 1541 ∈ wcel 2106 ≠ wne 2939 ∀wral 3060 ∃wrex 3069 {crab 3405 ifcif 4491 class class class wbr 5110 ‘cfv 6501 (class class class)co 7362 ℂcc 11058 0cc0 11060 1c1 11061 < clt 11198 ≤ cle 11199 / cdiv 11821 ℕcn 12162 2c2 12217 ℝ+crp 12924 abscabs 15131 TopOpenctopn 17317 ℂfldccnfld 20833 Polycply 25582 coeffccoe 25584 degcdgr 25585 |
This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1797 ax-4 1811 ax-5 1913 ax-6 1971 ax-7 2011 ax-8 2108 ax-9 2116 ax-10 2137 ax-11 2154 ax-12 2171 ax-ext 2702 ax-rep 5247 ax-sep 5261 ax-nul 5268 ax-pow 5325 ax-pr 5389 ax-un 7677 ax-inf2 9586 ax-cnex 11116 ax-resscn 11117 ax-1cn 11118 ax-icn 11119 ax-addcl 11120 ax-addrcl 11121 ax-mulcl 11122 ax-mulrcl 11123 ax-mulcom 11124 ax-addass 11125 ax-mulass 11126 ax-distr 11127 ax-i2m1 11128 ax-1ne0 11129 ax-1rid 11130 ax-rnegex 11131 ax-rrecex 11132 ax-cnre 11133 ax-pre-lttri 11134 ax-pre-lttrn 11135 ax-pre-ltadd 11136 ax-pre-mulgt0 11137 ax-pre-sup 11138 ax-addf 11139 ax-mulf 11140 |
This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 206 df-an 397 df-or 846 df-3or 1088 df-3an 1089 df-tru 1544 df-fal 1554 df-ex 1782 df-nf 1786 df-sb 2068 df-mo 2533 df-eu 2562 df-clab 2709 df-cleq 2723 df-clel 2809 df-nfc 2884 df-ne 2940 df-nel 3046 df-ral 3061 df-rex 3070 df-rmo 3351 df-reu 3352 df-rab 3406 df-v 3448 df-sbc 3743 df-csb 3859 df-dif 3916 df-un 3918 df-in 3920 df-ss 3930 df-pss 3932 df-nul 4288 df-if 4492 df-pw 4567 df-sn 4592 df-pr 4594 df-tp 4596 df-op 4598 df-uni 4871 df-int 4913 df-iun 4961 df-iin 4962 df-br 5111 df-opab 5173 df-mpt 5194 df-tr 5228 df-id 5536 df-eprel 5542 df-po 5550 df-so 5551 df-fr 5593 df-se 5594 df-we 5595 df-xp 5644 df-rel 5645 df-cnv 5646 df-co 5647 df-dm 5648 df-rn 5649 df-res 5650 df-ima 5651 df-pred 6258 df-ord 6325 df-on 6326 df-lim 6327 df-suc 6328 df-iota 6453 df-fun 6503 df-fn 6504 df-f 6505 df-f1 6506 df-fo 6507 df-f1o 6508 df-fv 6509 df-isom 6510 df-riota 7318 df-ov 7365 df-oprab 7366 df-mpo 7367 df-of 7622 df-om 7808 df-1st 7926 df-2nd 7927 df-supp 8098 df-frecs 8217 df-wrecs 8248 df-recs 8322 df-rdg 8361 df-1o 8417 df-2o 8418 df-er 8655 df-map 8774 df-pm 8775 df-ixp 8843 df-en 8891 df-dom 8892 df-sdom 8893 df-fin 8894 df-fsupp 9313 df-fi 9356 df-sup 9387 df-inf 9388 df-oi 9455 df-card 9884 df-pnf 11200 df-mnf 11201 df-xr 11202 df-ltxr 11203 df-le 11204 df-sub 11396 df-neg 11397 df-div 11822 df-nn 12163 df-2 12225 df-3 12226 df-4 12227 df-5 12228 df-6 12229 df-7 12230 df-8 12231 df-9 12232 df-n0 12423 df-z 12509 df-dec 12628 df-uz 12773 df-q 12883 df-rp 12925 df-xneg 13042 df-xadd 13043 df-xmul 13044 df-ioo 13278 df-ioc 13279 df-ico 13280 df-icc 13281 df-fz 13435 df-fzo 13578 df-fl 13707 df-mod 13785 df-seq 13917 df-exp 13978 df-fac 14184 df-bc 14213 df-hash 14241 df-shft 14964 df-cj 14996 df-re 14997 df-im 14998 df-sqrt 15132 df-abs 15133 df-limsup 15365 df-clim 15382 df-rlim 15383 df-sum 15583 df-ef 15961 df-sin 15963 df-cos 15964 df-pi 15966 df-struct 17030 df-sets 17047 df-slot 17065 df-ndx 17077 df-base 17095 df-ress 17124 df-plusg 17160 df-mulr 17161 df-starv 17162 df-sca 17163 df-vsca 17164 df-ip 17165 df-tset 17166 df-ple 17167 df-ds 17169 df-unif 17170 df-hom 17171 df-cco 17172 df-rest 17318 df-topn 17319 df-0g 17337 df-gsum 17338 df-topgen 17339 df-pt 17340 df-prds 17343 df-xrs 17398 df-qtop 17403 df-imas 17404 df-xps 17406 df-mre 17480 df-mrc 17481 df-acs 17483 df-mgm 18511 df-sgrp 18560 df-mnd 18571 df-submnd 18616 df-mulg 18887 df-cntz 19111 df-cmn 19578 df-psmet 20825 df-xmet 20826 df-met 20827 df-bl 20828 df-mopn 20829 df-fbas 20830 df-fg 20831 df-cnfld 20834 df-top 22280 df-topon 22297 df-topsp 22319 df-bases 22333 df-cld 22407 df-ntr 22408 df-cls 22409 df-nei 22486 df-lp 22524 df-perf 22525 df-cn 22615 df-cnp 22616 df-haus 22703 df-cmp 22775 df-tx 22950 df-hmeo 23143 df-fil 23234 df-fm 23326 df-flim 23327 df-flf 23328 df-xms 23710 df-ms 23711 df-tms 23712 df-cncf 24278 df-0p 25071 df-limc 25267 df-dv 25268 df-ply 25586 df-idp 25587 df-coe 25588 df-dgr 25589 df-log 25949 df-cxp 25950 |
This theorem is referenced by: (None) |
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