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Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > fta | Structured version Visualization version GIF version |
Description: The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. Any polynomial with positive degree (i.e. non-constant) has a root. This is Metamath 100 proof #2. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Sep-2014.) |
Ref | Expression |
---|---|
fta | ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0) |
Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
---|---|---|---|
1 | eqid 2738 | . . . 4 ⊢ (coeff‘𝐹) = (coeff‘𝐹) | |
2 | eqid 2738 | . . . 4 ⊢ (deg‘𝐹) = (deg‘𝐹) | |
3 | simpl 483 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆)) | |
4 | simpr 485 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) | |
5 | eqid 2738 | . . . 4 ⊢ if(if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1) ≤ ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1)) = if(if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1) ≤ ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1)) | |
6 | eqid 2738 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)) = ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)) | |
7 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 | ftalem2 26223 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)))) |
8 | simpll 764 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆)) | |
9 | simplr 766 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) | |
10 | eqid 2738 | . . . 4 ⊢ {𝑠 ∈ ℂ ∣ (abs‘𝑠) ≤ 𝑟} = {𝑠 ∈ ℂ ∣ (abs‘𝑠) ≤ 𝑟} | |
11 | eqid 2738 | . . . 4 ⊢ (TopOpen‘ℂfld) = (TopOpen‘ℂfld) | |
12 | simprl 768 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → 𝑟 ∈ ℝ+) | |
13 | simprr 770 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)))) | |
14 | fveq2 6774 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (abs‘𝑦) = (abs‘𝑥)) | |
15 | 14 | breq2d 5086 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) ↔ 𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥))) |
16 | 2fveq3 6779 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)) = (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) | |
17 | 16 | breq2d 5086 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)) ↔ (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
18 | 15, 17 | imbi12d 345 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → ((𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))) ↔ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))))) |
19 | 18 | cbvralvw 3383 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))) ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
20 | 13, 19 | sylib 217 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
21 | 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 20 | ftalem3 26224 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) |
22 | 7, 21 | rexlimddv 3220 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) |
23 | simpll 764 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆)) | |
24 | simplr 766 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) | |
25 | simprl 768 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → 𝑧 ∈ ℂ) | |
26 | simprr 770 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0) | |
27 | 1, 2, 23, 24, 25, 26 | ftalem7 26228 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → ¬ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) |
28 | 27 | expr 457 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0 → ¬ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
29 | 28 | necon4ad 2962 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ ℂ) → (∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)) → (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0)) |
30 | 29 | reximdva 3203 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → (∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0)) |
31 | 22, 30 | mpd 15 | 1 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0) |
Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
Syntax hints: ¬ wn 3 → wi 4 ∧ wa 396 = wceq 1539 ∈ wcel 2106 ≠ wne 2943 ∀wral 3064 ∃wrex 3065 {crab 3068 ifcif 4459 class class class wbr 5074 ‘cfv 6433 (class class class)co 7275 ℂcc 10869 0cc0 10871 1c1 10872 < clt 11009 ≤ cle 11010 / cdiv 11632 ℕcn 11973 2c2 12028 ℝ+crp 12730 abscabs 14945 TopOpenctopn 17132 ℂfldccnfld 20597 Polycply 25345 coeffccoe 25347 degcdgr 25348 |
This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1798 ax-4 1812 ax-5 1913 ax-6 1971 ax-7 2011 ax-8 2108 ax-9 2116 ax-10 2137 ax-11 2154 ax-12 2171 ax-ext 2709 ax-rep 5209 ax-sep 5223 ax-nul 5230 ax-pow 5288 ax-pr 5352 ax-un 7588 ax-inf2 9399 ax-cnex 10927 ax-resscn 10928 ax-1cn 10929 ax-icn 10930 ax-addcl 10931 ax-addrcl 10932 ax-mulcl 10933 ax-mulrcl 10934 ax-mulcom 10935 ax-addass 10936 ax-mulass 10937 ax-distr 10938 ax-i2m1 10939 ax-1ne0 10940 ax-1rid 10941 ax-rnegex 10942 ax-rrecex 10943 ax-cnre 10944 ax-pre-lttri 10945 ax-pre-lttrn 10946 ax-pre-ltadd 10947 ax-pre-mulgt0 10948 ax-pre-sup 10949 ax-addf 10950 ax-mulf 10951 |
This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 206 df-an 397 df-or 845 df-3or 1087 df-3an 1088 df-tru 1542 df-fal 1552 df-ex 1783 df-nf 1787 df-sb 2068 df-mo 2540 df-eu 2569 df-clab 2716 df-cleq 2730 df-clel 2816 df-nfc 2889 df-ne 2944 df-nel 3050 df-ral 3069 df-rex 3070 df-rmo 3071 df-reu 3072 df-rab 3073 df-v 3434 df-sbc 3717 df-csb 3833 df-dif 3890 df-un 3892 df-in 3894 df-ss 3904 df-pss 3906 df-nul 4257 df-if 4460 df-pw 4535 df-sn 4562 df-pr 4564 df-tp 4566 df-op 4568 df-uni 4840 df-int 4880 df-iun 4926 df-iin 4927 df-br 5075 df-opab 5137 df-mpt 5158 df-tr 5192 df-id 5489 df-eprel 5495 df-po 5503 df-so 5504 df-fr 5544 df-se 5545 df-we 5546 df-xp 5595 df-rel 5596 df-cnv 5597 df-co 5598 df-dm 5599 df-rn 5600 df-res 5601 df-ima 5602 df-pred 6202 df-ord 6269 df-on 6270 df-lim 6271 df-suc 6272 df-iota 6391 df-fun 6435 df-fn 6436 df-f 6437 df-f1 6438 df-fo 6439 df-f1o 6440 df-fv 6441 df-isom 6442 df-riota 7232 df-ov 7278 df-oprab 7279 df-mpo 7280 df-of 7533 df-om 7713 df-1st 7831 df-2nd 7832 df-supp 7978 df-frecs 8097 df-wrecs 8128 df-recs 8202 df-rdg 8241 df-1o 8297 df-2o 8298 df-er 8498 df-map 8617 df-pm 8618 df-ixp 8686 df-en 8734 df-dom 8735 df-sdom 8736 df-fin 8737 df-fsupp 9129 df-fi 9170 df-sup 9201 df-inf 9202 df-oi 9269 df-card 9697 df-pnf 11011 df-mnf 11012 df-xr 11013 df-ltxr 11014 df-le 11015 df-sub 11207 df-neg 11208 df-div 11633 df-nn 11974 df-2 12036 df-3 12037 df-4 12038 df-5 12039 df-6 12040 df-7 12041 df-8 12042 df-9 12043 df-n0 12234 df-z 12320 df-dec 12438 df-uz 12583 df-q 12689 df-rp 12731 df-xneg 12848 df-xadd 12849 df-xmul 12850 df-ioo 13083 df-ioc 13084 df-ico 13085 df-icc 13086 df-fz 13240 df-fzo 13383 df-fl 13512 df-mod 13590 df-seq 13722 df-exp 13783 df-fac 13988 df-bc 14017 df-hash 14045 df-shft 14778 df-cj 14810 df-re 14811 df-im 14812 df-sqrt 14946 df-abs 14947 df-limsup 15180 df-clim 15197 df-rlim 15198 df-sum 15398 df-ef 15777 df-sin 15779 df-cos 15780 df-pi 15782 df-struct 16848 df-sets 16865 df-slot 16883 df-ndx 16895 df-base 16913 df-ress 16942 df-plusg 16975 df-mulr 16976 df-starv 16977 df-sca 16978 df-vsca 16979 df-ip 16980 df-tset 16981 df-ple 16982 df-ds 16984 df-unif 16985 df-hom 16986 df-cco 16987 df-rest 17133 df-topn 17134 df-0g 17152 df-gsum 17153 df-topgen 17154 df-pt 17155 df-prds 17158 df-xrs 17213 df-qtop 17218 df-imas 17219 df-xps 17221 df-mre 17295 df-mrc 17296 df-acs 17298 df-mgm 18326 df-sgrp 18375 df-mnd 18386 df-submnd 18431 df-mulg 18701 df-cntz 18923 df-cmn 19388 df-psmet 20589 df-xmet 20590 df-met 20591 df-bl 20592 df-mopn 20593 df-fbas 20594 df-fg 20595 df-cnfld 20598 df-top 22043 df-topon 22060 df-topsp 22082 df-bases 22096 df-cld 22170 df-ntr 22171 df-cls 22172 df-nei 22249 df-lp 22287 df-perf 22288 df-cn 22378 df-cnp 22379 df-haus 22466 df-cmp 22538 df-tx 22713 df-hmeo 22906 df-fil 22997 df-fm 23089 df-flim 23090 df-flf 23091 df-xms 23473 df-ms 23474 df-tms 23475 df-cncf 24041 df-0p 24834 df-limc 25030 df-dv 25031 df-ply 25349 df-idp 25350 df-coe 25351 df-dgr 25352 df-log 25712 df-cxp 25713 |
This theorem is referenced by: (None) |
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