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Theorem pythag 26754

Description: Pythagorean theorem. Given three distinct points A, B, and C that form a right triangle (with the right angle at C), prove a relationship between their segment lengths. This theorem is expressed using the complex number plane as a plane, where 𝐹 is the signed angle construct (as used in ang180 26751), 𝑋 is the distance of line segment BC, 𝑌 is the distance of line segment AC, 𝑍 is the distance of line segment AB (the hypotenuse), and 𝑂 is the signed right angle m/_ BCA. We use the law of cosines lawcos 26753 to prove this, along with simple trigonometry facts like coshalfpi 26405 and cosneg 16056. (Contributed by David A. Wheeler, 13-Jun-2015.)

**Hypotheses**
Ref	Expression
lawcos.1	⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ (ℂ ∖ {0}), 𝑦 ∈ (ℂ ∖ {0}) ↦ (ℑ‘(log‘(𝑦 / 𝑥))))
lawcos.2	⊢ 𝑋 = (abs‘(𝐵 − 𝐶))
lawcos.3	⊢ 𝑌 = (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐶))
lawcos.4	⊢ 𝑍 = (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐵))
lawcos.5	⊢ 𝑂 = ((𝐵 − 𝐶)𝐹(𝐴 − 𝐶))

**Assertion**
Ref	Expression
pythag	⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑍↑2) = ((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)))

Distinct variable groups: 𝑥,𝑦,𝐴 𝑥,𝐵,𝑦 𝑥,𝐶,𝑦 Allowed substitution hints: 𝐹(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑂(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑋(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑌(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑍(𝑥,𝑦)

**Proof of Theorem pythag**
Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		lawcos.1	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ (ℂ ∖ {0}), 𝑦 ∈ (ℂ ∖ {0}) ↦ (ℑ‘(log‘(𝑦 / 𝑥))))
2		lawcos.2	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑋 = (abs‘(𝐵 − 𝐶))
3		lawcos.3	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑌 = (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐶))
4		lawcos.4	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑍 = (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐵))
5		lawcos.5	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑂 = ((𝐵 − 𝐶)𝐹(𝐴 − 𝐶))
6	1, 2, 3, 4, 5	lawcos 26753	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶)) → (𝑍↑2) = (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)))))
7	6	3adant3 1132	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑍↑2) = (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)))))
8		elpri 4597	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)} → (𝑂 = (π / 2) ∨ 𝑂 = -(π / 2)))
9		fveq2 6822	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝑂 = (π / 2) → (cos‘𝑂) = (cos‘(π / 2)))
10		coshalfpi 26405	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (cos‘(π / 2)) = 0
11	9, 10	eqtrdi 2782	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑂 = (π / 2) → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
12		fveq2 6822	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝑂 = -(π / 2) → (cos‘𝑂) = (cos‘-(π / 2)))
13		cosneghalfpi 26406	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (cos‘-(π / 2)) = 0
14	12, 13	eqtrdi 2782	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑂 = -(π / 2) → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
15	11, 14	jaoi 857	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝑂 = (π / 2) ∨ 𝑂 = -(π / 2)) → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
16	8, 15	syl 17	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)} → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
17	16	3ad2ant3 1135	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
18	17	oveq2d 7362	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)) = ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · 0))
19		subcl 11359	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐵 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
20	19	3adant1 1130	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐵 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
21	20	3ad2ant1 1133	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝐵 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
22	21	abscld 15346	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (abs‘(𝐵 − 𝐶)) ∈ ℝ)
23	22	recnd 11140	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (abs‘(𝐵 − 𝐶)) ∈ ℂ)
24	2, 23	eqeltrid 2835	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → 𝑋 ∈ ℂ)
25		subcl 11359	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
26	25	3adant2 1131	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
27	26	3ad2ant1 1133	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝐴 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
28	27	abscld 15346	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐶)) ∈ ℝ)
29	28	recnd 11140	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐶)) ∈ ℂ)
30	3, 29	eqeltrid 2835	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → 𝑌 ∈ ℂ)
31	24, 30	mulcld 11132	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑋 · 𝑌) ∈ ℂ)
32	31	mul01d 11312	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · 0) = 0)
33	18, 32	eqtrd 2766	. . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)) = 0)
34	33	oveq2d 7362	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂))) = (2 · 0))
35		2t0e0 12289	. . . 4 ⊢ (2 · 0) = 0
36	34, 35	eqtrdi 2782	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂))) = 0)
37	36	oveq2d 7362	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)))) = (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − 0))
38	24	sqcld 14051	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑋↑2) ∈ ℂ)
39	30	sqcld 14051	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑌↑2) ∈ ℂ)
40	38, 39	addcld 11131	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → ((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) ∈ ℂ)
41	40	subid1d 11461	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − 0) = ((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)))
42	7, 37, 41	3eqtrd 2770	1 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑍↑2) = ((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)))

Colors of variables: wff setvar class

Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 395 ∨ wo 847 ∧ w3a 1086 = wceq 1541 ∈ wcel 2111 ≠ wne 2928 ∖ cdif 3894 {csn 4573 {cpr 4575 ‘cfv 6481 (class class class)co 7346 ∈ cmpo 7348 ℂcc 11004 0cc0 11006 + caddc 11009 · cmul 11011 − cmin 11344 -cneg 11345 / cdiv 11774 2c2 12180 ↑cexp 13968 ℑcim 15005 abscabs 15141 cosccos 15971 πcpi 15973 logclog 26490

This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1796 ax-4 1810 ax-5 1911 ax-6 1968 ax-7 2009 ax-8 2113 ax-9 2121 ax-10 2144 ax-11 2160 ax-12 2180 ax-ext 2703 ax-rep 5215 ax-sep 5232 ax-nul 5242 ax-pow 5301 ax-pr 5368 ax-un 7668 ax-inf2 9531 ax-cnex 11062 ax-resscn 11063 ax-1cn 11064 ax-icn 11065 ax-addcl 11066 ax-addrcl 11067 ax-mulcl 11068 ax-mulrcl 11069 ax-mulcom 11070 ax-addass 11071 ax-mulass 11072 ax-distr 11073 ax-i2m1 11074 ax-1ne0 11075 ax-1rid 11076 ax-rnegex 11077 ax-rrecex 11078 ax-cnre 11079 ax-pre-lttri 11080 ax-pre-lttrn 11081 ax-pre-ltadd 11082 ax-pre-mulgt0 11083 ax-pre-sup 11084 ax-addf 11085

This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 207 df-an 396 df-or 848 df-3or 1087 df-3an 1088 df-tru 1544 df-fal 1554 df-ex 1781 df-nf 1785 df-sb 2068 df-mo 2535 df-eu 2564 df-clab 2710 df-cleq 2723 df-clel 2806 df-nfc 2881 df-ne 2929 df-nel 3033 df-ral 3048 df-rex 3057 df-rmo 3346 df-reu 3347 df-rab 3396 df-v 3438 df-sbc 3737 df-csb 3846 df-dif 3900 df-un 3902 df-in 3904 df-ss 3914 df-pss 3917 df-nul 4281 df-if 4473 df-pw 4549 df-sn 4574 df-pr 4576 df-tp 4578 df-op 4580 df-uni 4857 df-int 4896 df-iun 4941 df-iin 4942 df-br 5090 df-opab 5152 df-mpt 5171 df-tr 5197 df-id 5509 df-eprel 5514 df-po 5522 df-so 5523 df-fr 5567 df-se 5568 df-we 5569 df-xp 5620 df-rel 5621 df-cnv 5622 df-co 5623 df-dm 5624 df-rn 5625 df-res 5626 df-ima 5627 df-pred 6248 df-ord 6309 df-on 6310 df-lim 6311 df-suc 6312 df-iota 6437 df-fun 6483 df-fn 6484 df-f 6485 df-f1 6486 df-fo 6487 df-f1o 6488 df-fv 6489 df-isom 6490 df-riota 7303 df-ov 7349 df-oprab 7350 df-mpo 7351 df-of 7610 df-om 7797 df-1st 7921 df-2nd 7922 df-supp 8091 df-frecs 8211 df-wrecs 8242 df-recs 8291 df-rdg 8329 df-1o 8385 df-2o 8386 df-er 8622 df-map 8752 df-pm 8753 df-ixp 8822 df-en 8870 df-dom 8871 df-sdom 8872 df-fin 8873 df-fsupp 9246 df-fi 9295 df-sup 9326 df-inf 9327 df-oi 9396 df-card 9832 df-pnf 11148 df-mnf 11149 df-xr 11150 df-ltxr 11151 df-le 11152 df-sub 11346 df-neg 11347 df-div 11775 df-nn 12126 df-2 12188 df-3 12189 df-4 12190 df-5 12191 df-6 12192 df-7 12193 df-8 12194 df-9 12195 df-n0 12382 df-z 12469 df-dec 12589 df-uz 12733 df-q 12847 df-rp 12891 df-xneg 13011 df-xadd 13012 df-xmul 13013 df-ioo 13249 df-ioc 13250 df-ico 13251 df-icc 13252 df-fz 13408 df-fzo 13555 df-fl 13696 df-mod 13774 df-seq 13909 df-exp 13969 df-fac 14181 df-bc 14210 df-hash 14238 df-shft 14974 df-cj 15006 df-re 15007 df-im 15008 df-sqrt 15142 df-abs 15143 df-limsup 15378 df-clim 15395 df-rlim 15396 df-sum 15594 df-ef 15974 df-sin 15976 df-cos 15977 df-pi 15979 df-struct 17058 df-sets 17075 df-slot 17093 df-ndx 17105 df-base 17121 df-ress 17142 df-plusg 17174 df-mulr 17175 df-starv 17176 df-sca 17177 df-vsca 17178 df-ip 17179 df-tset 17180 df-ple 17181 df-ds 17183 df-unif 17184 df-hom 17185 df-cco 17186 df-rest 17326 df-topn 17327 df-0g 17345 df-gsum 17346 df-topgen 17347 df-pt 17348 df-prds 17351 df-xrs 17406 df-qtop 17411 df-imas 17412 df-xps 17414 df-mre 17488 df-mrc 17489 df-acs 17491 df-mgm 18548 df-sgrp 18627 df-mnd 18643 df-submnd 18692 df-mulg 18981 df-cntz 19229 df-cmn 19694 df-psmet 21283 df-xmet 21284 df-met 21285 df-bl 21286 df-mopn 21287 df-fbas 21288 df-fg 21289 df-cnfld 21292 df-top 22809 df-topon 22826 df-topsp 22848 df-bases 22861 df-cld 22934 df-ntr 22935 df-cls 22936 df-nei 23013 df-lp 23051 df-perf 23052 df-cn 23142 df-cnp 23143 df-haus 23230 df-tx 23477 df-hmeo 23670 df-fil 23761 df-fm 23853 df-flim 23854 df-flf 23855 df-xms 24235 df-ms 24236 df-tms 24237 df-cncf 24798 df-limc 25794 df-dv 25795 df-log 26492

This theorem is referenced by: chordthmlem3 26771

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