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Theorem pythag 25967

Description: Pythagorean theorem. Given three distinct points A, B, and C that form a right triangle (with the right angle at C), prove a relationship between their segment lengths. This theorem is expressed using the complex number plane as a plane, where 𝐹 is the signed angle construct (as used in ang180 25964), 𝑋 is the distance of line segment BC, 𝑌 is the distance of line segment AC, 𝑍 is the distance of line segment AB (the hypotenuse), and 𝑂 is the signed right angle m/_ BCA. We use the law of cosines lawcos 25966 to prove this, along with simple trigonometry facts like coshalfpi 25626 and cosneg 15856. (Contributed by David A. Wheeler, 13-Jun-2015.)

**Hypotheses**
Ref	Expression
lawcos.1	⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ (ℂ ∖ {0}), 𝑦 ∈ (ℂ ∖ {0}) ↦ (ℑ‘(log‘(𝑦 / 𝑥))))
lawcos.2	⊢ 𝑋 = (abs‘(𝐵 − 𝐶))
lawcos.3	⊢ 𝑌 = (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐶))
lawcos.4	⊢ 𝑍 = (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐵))
lawcos.5	⊢ 𝑂 = ((𝐵 − 𝐶)𝐹(𝐴 − 𝐶))

**Assertion**
Ref	Expression
pythag	⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑍↑2) = ((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)))

Distinct variable groups: 𝑥,𝑦,𝐴 𝑥,𝐵,𝑦 𝑥,𝐶,𝑦 Allowed substitution hints: 𝐹(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑂(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑋(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑌(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑍(𝑥,𝑦)

**Proof of Theorem pythag**
Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		lawcos.1	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ (ℂ ∖ {0}), 𝑦 ∈ (ℂ ∖ {0}) ↦ (ℑ‘(log‘(𝑦 / 𝑥))))
2		lawcos.2	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑋 = (abs‘(𝐵 − 𝐶))
3		lawcos.3	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑌 = (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐶))
4		lawcos.4	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑍 = (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐵))
5		lawcos.5	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑂 = ((𝐵 − 𝐶)𝐹(𝐴 − 𝐶))
6	1, 2, 3, 4, 5	lawcos 25966	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶)) → (𝑍↑2) = (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)))))
7	6	3adant3 1131	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑍↑2) = (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)))))
8		elpri 4583	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)} → (𝑂 = (π / 2) ∨ 𝑂 = -(π / 2)))
9		fveq2 6774	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝑂 = (π / 2) → (cos‘𝑂) = (cos‘(π / 2)))
10		coshalfpi 25626	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (cos‘(π / 2)) = 0
11	9, 10	eqtrdi 2794	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑂 = (π / 2) → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
12		fveq2 6774	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝑂 = -(π / 2) → (cos‘𝑂) = (cos‘-(π / 2)))
13		cosneghalfpi 25627	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (cos‘-(π / 2)) = 0
14	12, 13	eqtrdi 2794	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑂 = -(π / 2) → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
15	11, 14	jaoi 854	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝑂 = (π / 2) ∨ 𝑂 = -(π / 2)) → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
16	8, 15	syl 17	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)} → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
17	16	3ad2ant3 1134	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
18	17	oveq2d 7291	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)) = ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · 0))
19		subcl 11220	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐵 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
20	19	3adant1 1129	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐵 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
21	20	3ad2ant1 1132	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝐵 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
22	21	abscld 15148	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (abs‘(𝐵 − 𝐶)) ∈ ℝ)
23	22	recnd 11003	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (abs‘(𝐵 − 𝐶)) ∈ ℂ)
24	2, 23	eqeltrid 2843	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → 𝑋 ∈ ℂ)
25		subcl 11220	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
26	25	3adant2 1130	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
27	26	3ad2ant1 1132	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝐴 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
28	27	abscld 15148	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐶)) ∈ ℝ)
29	28	recnd 11003	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐶)) ∈ ℂ)
30	3, 29	eqeltrid 2843	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → 𝑌 ∈ ℂ)
31	24, 30	mulcld 10995	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑋 · 𝑌) ∈ ℂ)
32	31	mul01d 11174	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · 0) = 0)
33	18, 32	eqtrd 2778	. . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)) = 0)
34	33	oveq2d 7291	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂))) = (2 · 0))
35		2t0e0 12142	. . . 4 ⊢ (2 · 0) = 0
36	34, 35	eqtrdi 2794	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂))) = 0)
37	36	oveq2d 7291	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)))) = (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − 0))
38	24	sqcld 13862	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑋↑2) ∈ ℂ)
39	30	sqcld 13862	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑌↑2) ∈ ℂ)
40	38, 39	addcld 10994	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → ((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) ∈ ℂ)
41	40	subid1d 11321	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − 0) = ((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)))
42	7, 37, 41	3eqtrd 2782	1 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑍↑2) = ((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)))

Colors of variables: wff setvar class

Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 396 ∨ wo 844 ∧ w3a 1086 = wceq 1539 ∈ wcel 2106 ≠ wne 2943 ∖ cdif 3884 {csn 4561 {cpr 4563 ‘cfv 6433 (class class class)co 7275 ∈ cmpo 7277 ℂcc 10869 0cc0 10871 + caddc 10874 · cmul 10876 − cmin 11205 -cneg 11206 / cdiv 11632 2c2 12028 ↑cexp 13782 ℑcim 14809 abscabs 14945 cosccos 15774 πcpi 15776 logclog 25710

This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1798 ax-4 1812 ax-5 1913 ax-6 1971 ax-7 2011 ax-8 2108 ax-9 2116 ax-10 2137 ax-11 2154 ax-12 2171 ax-ext 2709 ax-rep 5209 ax-sep 5223 ax-nul 5230 ax-pow 5288 ax-pr 5352 ax-un 7588 ax-inf2 9399 ax-cnex 10927 ax-resscn 10928 ax-1cn 10929 ax-icn 10930 ax-addcl 10931 ax-addrcl 10932 ax-mulcl 10933 ax-mulrcl 10934 ax-mulcom 10935 ax-addass 10936 ax-mulass 10937 ax-distr 10938 ax-i2m1 10939 ax-1ne0 10940 ax-1rid 10941 ax-rnegex 10942 ax-rrecex 10943 ax-cnre 10944 ax-pre-lttri 10945 ax-pre-lttrn 10946 ax-pre-ltadd 10947 ax-pre-mulgt0 10948 ax-pre-sup 10949 ax-addf 10950 ax-mulf 10951

This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 206 df-an 397 df-or 845 df-3or 1087 df-3an 1088 df-tru 1542 df-fal 1552 df-ex 1783 df-nf 1787 df-sb 2068 df-mo 2540 df-eu 2569 df-clab 2716 df-cleq 2730 df-clel 2816 df-nfc 2889 df-ne 2944 df-nel 3050 df-ral 3069 df-rex 3070 df-rmo 3071 df-reu 3072 df-rab 3073 df-v 3434 df-sbc 3717 df-csb 3833 df-dif 3890 df-un 3892 df-in 3894 df-ss 3904 df-pss 3906 df-nul 4257 df-if 4460 df-pw 4535 df-sn 4562 df-pr 4564 df-tp 4566 df-op 4568 df-uni 4840 df-int 4880 df-iun 4926 df-iin 4927 df-br 5075 df-opab 5137 df-mpt 5158 df-tr 5192 df-id 5489 df-eprel 5495 df-po 5503 df-so 5504 df-fr 5544 df-se 5545 df-we 5546 df-xp 5595 df-rel 5596 df-cnv 5597 df-co 5598 df-dm 5599 df-rn 5600 df-res 5601 df-ima 5602 df-pred 6202 df-ord 6269 df-on 6270 df-lim 6271 df-suc 6272 df-iota 6391 df-fun 6435 df-fn 6436 df-f 6437 df-f1 6438 df-fo 6439 df-f1o 6440 df-fv 6441 df-isom 6442 df-riota 7232 df-ov 7278 df-oprab 7279 df-mpo 7280 df-of 7533 df-om 7713 df-1st 7831 df-2nd 7832 df-supp 7978 df-frecs 8097 df-wrecs 8128 df-recs 8202 df-rdg 8241 df-1o 8297 df-2o 8298 df-er 8498 df-map 8617 df-pm 8618 df-ixp 8686 df-en 8734 df-dom 8735 df-sdom 8736 df-fin 8737 df-fsupp 9129 df-fi 9170 df-sup 9201 df-inf 9202 df-oi 9269 df-card 9697 df-pnf 11011 df-mnf 11012 df-xr 11013 df-ltxr 11014 df-le 11015 df-sub 11207 df-neg 11208 df-div 11633 df-nn 11974 df-2 12036 df-3 12037 df-4 12038 df-5 12039 df-6 12040 df-7 12041 df-8 12042 df-9 12043 df-n0 12234 df-z 12320 df-dec 12438 df-uz 12583 df-q 12689 df-rp 12731 df-xneg 12848 df-xadd 12849 df-xmul 12850 df-ioo 13083 df-ioc 13084 df-ico 13085 df-icc 13086 df-fz 13240 df-fzo 13383 df-fl 13512 df-mod 13590 df-seq 13722 df-exp 13783 df-fac 13988 df-bc 14017 df-hash 14045 df-shft 14778 df-cj 14810 df-re 14811 df-im 14812 df-sqrt 14946 df-abs 14947 df-limsup 15180 df-clim 15197 df-rlim 15198 df-sum 15398 df-ef 15777 df-sin 15779 df-cos 15780 df-pi 15782 df-struct 16848 df-sets 16865 df-slot 16883 df-ndx 16895 df-base 16913 df-ress 16942 df-plusg 16975 df-mulr 16976 df-starv 16977 df-sca 16978 df-vsca 16979 df-ip 16980 df-tset 16981 df-ple 16982 df-ds 16984 df-unif 16985 df-hom 16986 df-cco 16987 df-rest 17133 df-topn 17134 df-0g 17152 df-gsum 17153 df-topgen 17154 df-pt 17155 df-prds 17158 df-xrs 17213 df-qtop 17218 df-imas 17219 df-xps 17221 df-mre 17295 df-mrc 17296 df-acs 17298 df-mgm 18326 df-sgrp 18375 df-mnd 18386 df-submnd 18431 df-mulg 18701 df-cntz 18923 df-cmn 19388 df-psmet 20589 df-xmet 20590 df-met 20591 df-bl 20592 df-mopn 20593 df-fbas 20594 df-fg 20595 df-cnfld 20598 df-top 22043 df-topon 22060 df-topsp 22082 df-bases 22096 df-cld 22170 df-ntr 22171 df-cls 22172 df-nei 22249 df-lp 22287 df-perf 22288 df-cn 22378 df-cnp 22379 df-haus 22466 df-tx 22713 df-hmeo 22906 df-fil 22997 df-fm 23089 df-flim 23090 df-flf 23091 df-xms 23473 df-ms 23474 df-tms 23475 df-cncf 24041 df-limc 25030 df-dv 25031 df-log 25712

This theorem is referenced by: chordthmlem3 25984

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