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Theorem pythag 26733

Description: Pythagorean theorem. Given three distinct points A, B, and C that form a right triangle (with the right angle at C), prove a relationship between their segment lengths. This theorem is expressed using the complex number plane as a plane, where 𝐹 is the signed angle construct (as used in ang180 26730), 𝑋 is the distance of line segment BC, 𝑌 is the distance of line segment AC, 𝑍 is the distance of line segment AB (the hypotenuse), and 𝑂 is the signed right angle m/_ BCA. We use the law of cosines lawcos 26732 to prove this, along with simple trigonometry facts like coshalfpi 26384 and cosneg 16121. (Contributed by David A. Wheeler, 13-Jun-2015.)

**Hypotheses**
Ref	Expression
lawcos.1	⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ (ℂ ∖ {0}), 𝑦 ∈ (ℂ ∖ {0}) ↦ (ℑ‘(log‘(𝑦 / 𝑥))))
lawcos.2	⊢ 𝑋 = (abs‘(𝐵 − 𝐶))
lawcos.3	⊢ 𝑌 = (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐶))
lawcos.4	⊢ 𝑍 = (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐵))
lawcos.5	⊢ 𝑂 = ((𝐵 − 𝐶)𝐹(𝐴 − 𝐶))

**Assertion**
Ref	Expression
pythag	⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑍↑2) = ((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)))

Distinct variable groups: 𝑥,𝑦,𝐴 𝑥,𝐵,𝑦 𝑥,𝐶,𝑦 Allowed substitution hints: 𝐹(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑂(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑋(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑌(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑍(𝑥,𝑦)

**Proof of Theorem pythag**
Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		lawcos.1	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ (ℂ ∖ {0}), 𝑦 ∈ (ℂ ∖ {0}) ↦ (ℑ‘(log‘(𝑦 / 𝑥))))
2		lawcos.2	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑋 = (abs‘(𝐵 − 𝐶))
3		lawcos.3	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑌 = (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐶))
4		lawcos.4	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑍 = (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐵))
5		lawcos.5	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑂 = ((𝐵 − 𝐶)𝐹(𝐴 − 𝐶))
6	1, 2, 3, 4, 5	lawcos 26732	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶)) → (𝑍↑2) = (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)))))
7	6	3adant3 1132	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑍↑2) = (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)))))
8		elpri 4615	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)} → (𝑂 = (π / 2) ∨ 𝑂 = -(π / 2)))
9		fveq2 6860	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝑂 = (π / 2) → (cos‘𝑂) = (cos‘(π / 2)))
10		coshalfpi 26384	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (cos‘(π / 2)) = 0
11	9, 10	eqtrdi 2781	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑂 = (π / 2) → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
12		fveq2 6860	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝑂 = -(π / 2) → (cos‘𝑂) = (cos‘-(π / 2)))
13		cosneghalfpi 26385	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (cos‘-(π / 2)) = 0
14	12, 13	eqtrdi 2781	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑂 = -(π / 2) → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
15	11, 14	jaoi 857	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝑂 = (π / 2) ∨ 𝑂 = -(π / 2)) → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
16	8, 15	syl 17	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)} → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
17	16	3ad2ant3 1135	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
18	17	oveq2d 7405	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)) = ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · 0))
19		subcl 11426	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐵 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
20	19	3adant1 1130	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐵 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
21	20	3ad2ant1 1133	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝐵 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
22	21	abscld 15411	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (abs‘(𝐵 − 𝐶)) ∈ ℝ)
23	22	recnd 11208	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (abs‘(𝐵 − 𝐶)) ∈ ℂ)
24	2, 23	eqeltrid 2833	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → 𝑋 ∈ ℂ)
25		subcl 11426	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
26	25	3adant2 1131	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
27	26	3ad2ant1 1133	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝐴 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
28	27	abscld 15411	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐶)) ∈ ℝ)
29	28	recnd 11208	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐶)) ∈ ℂ)
30	3, 29	eqeltrid 2833	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → 𝑌 ∈ ℂ)
31	24, 30	mulcld 11200	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑋 · 𝑌) ∈ ℂ)
32	31	mul01d 11379	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · 0) = 0)
33	18, 32	eqtrd 2765	. . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)) = 0)
34	33	oveq2d 7405	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂))) = (2 · 0))
35		2t0e0 12356	. . . 4 ⊢ (2 · 0) = 0
36	34, 35	eqtrdi 2781	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂))) = 0)
37	36	oveq2d 7405	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)))) = (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − 0))
38	24	sqcld 14115	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑋↑2) ∈ ℂ)
39	30	sqcld 14115	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑌↑2) ∈ ℂ)
40	38, 39	addcld 11199	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → ((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) ∈ ℂ)
41	40	subid1d 11528	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − 0) = ((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)))
42	7, 37, 41	3eqtrd 2769	1 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑍↑2) = ((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)))

Colors of variables: wff setvar class

Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 395 ∨ wo 847 ∧ w3a 1086 = wceq 1540 ∈ wcel 2109 ≠ wne 2926 ∖ cdif 3913 {csn 4591 {cpr 4593 ‘cfv 6513 (class class class)co 7389 ∈ cmpo 7391 ℂcc 11072 0cc0 11074 + caddc 11077 · cmul 11079 − cmin 11411 -cneg 11412 / cdiv 11841 2c2 12242 ↑cexp 14032 ℑcim 15070 abscabs 15206 cosccos 16036 πcpi 16038 logclog 26469

This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1795 ax-4 1809 ax-5 1910 ax-6 1967 ax-7 2008 ax-8 2111 ax-9 2119 ax-10 2142 ax-11 2158 ax-12 2178 ax-ext 2702 ax-rep 5236 ax-sep 5253 ax-nul 5263 ax-pow 5322 ax-pr 5389 ax-un 7713 ax-inf2 9600 ax-cnex 11130 ax-resscn 11131 ax-1cn 11132 ax-icn 11133 ax-addcl 11134 ax-addrcl 11135 ax-mulcl 11136 ax-mulrcl 11137 ax-mulcom 11138 ax-addass 11139 ax-mulass 11140 ax-distr 11141 ax-i2m1 11142 ax-1ne0 11143 ax-1rid 11144 ax-rnegex 11145 ax-rrecex 11146 ax-cnre 11147 ax-pre-lttri 11148 ax-pre-lttrn 11149 ax-pre-ltadd 11150 ax-pre-mulgt0 11151 ax-pre-sup 11152 ax-addf 11153

This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 207 df-an 396 df-or 848 df-3or 1087 df-3an 1088 df-tru 1543 df-fal 1553 df-ex 1780 df-nf 1784 df-sb 2066 df-mo 2534 df-eu 2563 df-clab 2709 df-cleq 2722 df-clel 2804 df-nfc 2879 df-ne 2927 df-nel 3031 df-ral 3046 df-rex 3055 df-rmo 3356 df-reu 3357 df-rab 3409 df-v 3452 df-sbc 3756 df-csb 3865 df-dif 3919 df-un 3921 df-in 3923 df-ss 3933 df-pss 3936 df-nul 4299 df-if 4491 df-pw 4567 df-sn 4592 df-pr 4594 df-tp 4596 df-op 4598 df-uni 4874 df-int 4913 df-iun 4959 df-iin 4960 df-br 5110 df-opab 5172 df-mpt 5191 df-tr 5217 df-id 5535 df-eprel 5540 df-po 5548 df-so 5549 df-fr 5593 df-se 5594 df-we 5595 df-xp 5646 df-rel 5647 df-cnv 5648 df-co 5649 df-dm 5650 df-rn 5651 df-res 5652 df-ima 5653 df-pred 6276 df-ord 6337 df-on 6338 df-lim 6339 df-suc 6340 df-iota 6466 df-fun 6515 df-fn 6516 df-f 6517 df-f1 6518 df-fo 6519 df-f1o 6520 df-fv 6521 df-isom 6522 df-riota 7346 df-ov 7392 df-oprab 7393 df-mpo 7394 df-of 7655 df-om 7845 df-1st 7970 df-2nd 7971 df-supp 8142 df-frecs 8262 df-wrecs 8293 df-recs 8342 df-rdg 8380 df-1o 8436 df-2o 8437 df-er 8673 df-map 8803 df-pm 8804 df-ixp 8873 df-en 8921 df-dom 8922 df-sdom 8923 df-fin 8924 df-fsupp 9319 df-fi 9368 df-sup 9399 df-inf 9400 df-oi 9469 df-card 9898 df-pnf 11216 df-mnf 11217 df-xr 11218 df-ltxr 11219 df-le 11220 df-sub 11413 df-neg 11414 df-div 11842 df-nn 12188 df-2 12250 df-3 12251 df-4 12252 df-5 12253 df-6 12254 df-7 12255 df-8 12256 df-9 12257 df-n0 12449 df-z 12536 df-dec 12656 df-uz 12800 df-q 12914 df-rp 12958 df-xneg 13078 df-xadd 13079 df-xmul 13080 df-ioo 13316 df-ioc 13317 df-ico 13318 df-icc 13319 df-fz 13475 df-fzo 13622 df-fl 13760 df-mod 13838 df-seq 13973 df-exp 14033 df-fac 14245 df-bc 14274 df-hash 14302 df-shft 15039 df-cj 15071 df-re 15072 df-im 15073 df-sqrt 15207 df-abs 15208 df-limsup 15443 df-clim 15460 df-rlim 15461 df-sum 15659 df-ef 16039 df-sin 16041 df-cos 16042 df-pi 16044 df-struct 17123 df-sets 17140 df-slot 17158 df-ndx 17170 df-base 17186 df-ress 17207 df-plusg 17239 df-mulr 17240 df-starv 17241 df-sca 17242 df-vsca 17243 df-ip 17244 df-tset 17245 df-ple 17246 df-ds 17248 df-unif 17249 df-hom 17250 df-cco 17251 df-rest 17391 df-topn 17392 df-0g 17410 df-gsum 17411 df-topgen 17412 df-pt 17413 df-prds 17416 df-xrs 17471 df-qtop 17476 df-imas 17477 df-xps 17479 df-mre 17553 df-mrc 17554 df-acs 17556 df-mgm 18573 df-sgrp 18652 df-mnd 18668 df-submnd 18717 df-mulg 19006 df-cntz 19255 df-cmn 19718 df-psmet 21262 df-xmet 21263 df-met 21264 df-bl 21265 df-mopn 21266 df-fbas 21267 df-fg 21268 df-cnfld 21271 df-top 22787 df-topon 22804 df-topsp 22826 df-bases 22839 df-cld 22912 df-ntr 22913 df-cls 22914 df-nei 22991 df-lp 23029 df-perf 23030 df-cn 23120 df-cnp 23121 df-haus 23208 df-tx 23455 df-hmeo 23648 df-fil 23739 df-fm 23831 df-flim 23832 df-flf 23833 df-xms 24214 df-ms 24215 df-tms 24216 df-cncf 24777 df-limc 25773 df-dv 25774 df-log 26471

This theorem is referenced by: chordthmlem3 26750

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