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Theorem pythag 26878

Description: Pythagorean theorem. Given three distinct points A, B, and C that form a right triangle (with the right angle at C), prove a relationship between their segment lengths. This theorem is expressed using the complex number plane as a plane, where 𝐹 is the signed angle construct (as used in ang180 26875), 𝑋 is the distance of line segment BC, 𝑌 is the distance of line segment AC, 𝑍 is the distance of line segment AB (the hypotenuse), and 𝑂 is the signed right angle m/_ BCA. We use the law of cosines lawcos 26877 to prove this, along with simple trigonometry facts like coshalfpi 26529 and cosneg 16195. (Contributed by David A. Wheeler, 13-Jun-2015.)

**Hypotheses**
Ref	Expression
lawcos.1	⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ (ℂ ∖ {0}), 𝑦 ∈ (ℂ ∖ {0}) ↦ (ℑ‘(log‘(𝑦 / 𝑥))))
lawcos.2	⊢ 𝑋 = (abs‘(𝐵 − 𝐶))
lawcos.3	⊢ 𝑌 = (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐶))
lawcos.4	⊢ 𝑍 = (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐵))
lawcos.5	⊢ 𝑂 = ((𝐵 − 𝐶)𝐹(𝐴 − 𝐶))

**Assertion**
Ref	Expression
pythag	⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑍↑2) = ((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)))

Distinct variable groups: 𝑥,𝑦,𝐴 𝑥,𝐵,𝑦 𝑥,𝐶,𝑦 Allowed substitution hints: 𝐹(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑂(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑋(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑌(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑍(𝑥,𝑦)

**Proof of Theorem pythag**
Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		lawcos.1	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ (ℂ ∖ {0}), 𝑦 ∈ (ℂ ∖ {0}) ↦ (ℑ‘(log‘(𝑦 / 𝑥))))
2		lawcos.2	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑋 = (abs‘(𝐵 − 𝐶))
3		lawcos.3	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑌 = (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐶))
4		lawcos.4	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑍 = (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐵))
5		lawcos.5	. . . 4 ⊢ 𝑂 = ((𝐵 − 𝐶)𝐹(𝐴 − 𝐶))
6	1, 2, 3, 4, 5	lawcos 26877	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶)) → (𝑍↑2) = (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)))))
7	6	3adant3 1132	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑍↑2) = (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)))))
8		elpri 4671	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)} → (𝑂 = (π / 2) ∨ 𝑂 = -(π / 2)))
9		fveq2 6920	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝑂 = (π / 2) → (cos‘𝑂) = (cos‘(π / 2)))
10		coshalfpi 26529	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (cos‘(π / 2)) = 0
11	9, 10	eqtrdi 2796	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑂 = (π / 2) → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
12		fveq2 6920	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝑂 = -(π / 2) → (cos‘𝑂) = (cos‘-(π / 2)))
13		cosneghalfpi 26530	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (cos‘-(π / 2)) = 0
14	12, 13	eqtrdi 2796	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑂 = -(π / 2) → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
15	11, 14	jaoi 856	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝑂 = (π / 2) ∨ 𝑂 = -(π / 2)) → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
16	8, 15	syl 17	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)} → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
17	16	3ad2ant3 1135	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (cos‘𝑂) = 0)
18	17	oveq2d 7464	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)) = ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · 0))
19		subcl 11535	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐵 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
20	19	3adant1 1130	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐵 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
21	20	3ad2ant1 1133	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝐵 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
22	21	abscld 15485	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (abs‘(𝐵 − 𝐶)) ∈ ℝ)
23	22	recnd 11318	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (abs‘(𝐵 − 𝐶)) ∈ ℂ)
24	2, 23	eqeltrid 2848	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → 𝑋 ∈ ℂ)
25		subcl 11535	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
26	25	3adant2 1131	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) → (𝐴 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
27	26	3ad2ant1 1133	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝐴 − 𝐶) ∈ ℂ)
28	27	abscld 15485	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐶)) ∈ ℝ)
29	28	recnd 11318	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (abs‘(𝐴 − 𝐶)) ∈ ℂ)
30	3, 29	eqeltrid 2848	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → 𝑌 ∈ ℂ)
31	24, 30	mulcld 11310	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑋 · 𝑌) ∈ ℂ)
32	31	mul01d 11489	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · 0) = 0)
33	18, 32	eqtrd 2780	. . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)) = 0)
34	33	oveq2d 7464	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂))) = (2 · 0))
35		2t0e0 12462	. . . 4 ⊢ (2 · 0) = 0
36	34, 35	eqtrdi 2796	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂))) = 0)
37	36	oveq2d 7464	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − (2 · ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · (cos‘𝑂)))) = (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − 0))
38	24	sqcld 14194	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑋↑2) ∈ ℂ)
39	30	sqcld 14194	. . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑌↑2) ∈ ℂ)
40	38, 39	addcld 11309	. . 3 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → ((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) ∈ ℂ)
41	40	subid1d 11636	. 2 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)) − 0) = ((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)))
42	7, 37, 41	3eqtrd 2784	1 ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℂ) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ 𝑂 ∈ {(π / 2), -(π / 2)}) → (𝑍↑2) = ((𝑋↑2) + (𝑌↑2)))

Colors of variables: wff setvar class

Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 395 ∨ wo 846 ∧ w3a 1087 = wceq 1537 ∈ wcel 2108 ≠ wne 2946 ∖ cdif 3973 {csn 4648 {cpr 4650 ‘cfv 6573 (class class class)co 7448 ∈ cmpo 7450 ℂcc 11182 0cc0 11184 + caddc 11187 · cmul 11189 − cmin 11520 -cneg 11521 / cdiv 11947 2c2 12348 ↑cexp 14112 ℑcim 15147 abscabs 15283 cosccos 16112 πcpi 16114 logclog 26614

This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1793 ax-4 1807 ax-5 1909 ax-6 1967 ax-7 2007 ax-8 2110 ax-9 2118 ax-10 2141 ax-11 2158 ax-12 2178 ax-ext 2711 ax-rep 5303 ax-sep 5317 ax-nul 5324 ax-pow 5383 ax-pr 5447 ax-un 7770 ax-inf2 9710 ax-cnex 11240 ax-resscn 11241 ax-1cn 11242 ax-icn 11243 ax-addcl 11244 ax-addrcl 11245 ax-mulcl 11246 ax-mulrcl 11247 ax-mulcom 11248 ax-addass 11249 ax-mulass 11250 ax-distr 11251 ax-i2m1 11252 ax-1ne0 11253 ax-1rid 11254 ax-rnegex 11255 ax-rrecex 11256 ax-cnre 11257 ax-pre-lttri 11258 ax-pre-lttrn 11259 ax-pre-ltadd 11260 ax-pre-mulgt0 11261 ax-pre-sup 11262 ax-addf 11263

This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 207 df-an 396 df-or 847 df-3or 1088 df-3an 1089 df-tru 1540 df-fal 1550 df-ex 1778 df-nf 1782 df-sb 2065 df-mo 2543 df-eu 2572 df-clab 2718 df-cleq 2732 df-clel 2819 df-nfc 2895 df-ne 2947 df-nel 3053 df-ral 3068 df-rex 3077 df-rmo 3388 df-reu 3389 df-rab 3444 df-v 3490 df-sbc 3805 df-csb 3922 df-dif 3979 df-un 3981 df-in 3983 df-ss 3993 df-pss 3996 df-nul 4353 df-if 4549 df-pw 4624 df-sn 4649 df-pr 4651 df-tp 4653 df-op 4655 df-uni 4932 df-int 4971 df-iun 5017 df-iin 5018 df-br 5167 df-opab 5229 df-mpt 5250 df-tr 5284 df-id 5593 df-eprel 5599 df-po 5607 df-so 5608 df-fr 5652 df-se 5653 df-we 5654 df-xp 5706 df-rel 5707 df-cnv 5708 df-co 5709 df-dm 5710 df-rn 5711 df-res 5712 df-ima 5713 df-pred 6332 df-ord 6398 df-on 6399 df-lim 6400 df-suc 6401 df-iota 6525 df-fun 6575 df-fn 6576 df-f 6577 df-f1 6578 df-fo 6579 df-f1o 6580 df-fv 6581 df-isom 6582 df-riota 7404 df-ov 7451 df-oprab 7452 df-mpo 7453 df-of 7714 df-om 7904 df-1st 8030 df-2nd 8031 df-supp 8202 df-frecs 8322 df-wrecs 8353 df-recs 8427 df-rdg 8466 df-1o 8522 df-2o 8523 df-er 8763 df-map 8886 df-pm 8887 df-ixp 8956 df-en 9004 df-dom 9005 df-sdom 9006 df-fin 9007 df-fsupp 9432 df-fi 9480 df-sup 9511 df-inf 9512 df-oi 9579 df-card 10008 df-pnf 11326 df-mnf 11327 df-xr 11328 df-ltxr 11329 df-le 11330 df-sub 11522 df-neg 11523 df-div 11948 df-nn 12294 df-2 12356 df-3 12357 df-4 12358 df-5 12359 df-6 12360 df-7 12361 df-8 12362 df-9 12363 df-n0 12554 df-z 12640 df-dec 12759 df-uz 12904 df-q 13014 df-rp 13058 df-xneg 13175 df-xadd 13176 df-xmul 13177 df-ioo 13411 df-ioc 13412 df-ico 13413 df-icc 13414 df-fz 13568 df-fzo 13712 df-fl 13843 df-mod 13921 df-seq 14053 df-exp 14113 df-fac 14323 df-bc 14352 df-hash 14380 df-shft 15116 df-cj 15148 df-re 15149 df-im 15150 df-sqrt 15284 df-abs 15285 df-limsup 15517 df-clim 15534 df-rlim 15535 df-sum 15735 df-ef 16115 df-sin 16117 df-cos 16118 df-pi 16120 df-struct 17194 df-sets 17211 df-slot 17229 df-ndx 17241 df-base 17259 df-ress 17288 df-plusg 17324 df-mulr 17325 df-starv 17326 df-sca 17327 df-vsca 17328 df-ip 17329 df-tset 17330 df-ple 17331 df-ds 17333 df-unif 17334 df-hom 17335 df-cco 17336 df-rest 17482 df-topn 17483 df-0g 17501 df-gsum 17502 df-topgen 17503 df-pt 17504 df-prds 17507 df-xrs 17562 df-qtop 17567 df-imas 17568 df-xps 17570 df-mre 17644 df-mrc 17645 df-acs 17647 df-mgm 18678 df-sgrp 18757 df-mnd 18773 df-submnd 18819 df-mulg 19108 df-cntz 19357 df-cmn 19824 df-psmet 21379 df-xmet 21380 df-met 21381 df-bl 21382 df-mopn 21383 df-fbas 21384 df-fg 21385 df-cnfld 21388 df-top 22921 df-topon 22938 df-topsp 22960 df-bases 22974 df-cld 23048 df-ntr 23049 df-cls 23050 df-nei 23127 df-lp 23165 df-perf 23166 df-cn 23256 df-cnp 23257 df-haus 23344 df-tx 23591 df-hmeo 23784 df-fil 23875 df-fm 23967 df-flim 23968 df-flf 23969 df-xms 24351 df-ms 24352 df-tms 24353 df-cncf 24923 df-limc 25921 df-dv 25922 df-log 26616

This theorem is referenced by: chordthmlem3 26895

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