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| Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > 2irrexpq | Structured version Visualization version GIF version | ||
| Description: There exist irrational numbers 𝑎 and 𝑏 such that (𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) is rational. Statement in the Metamath book, section 1.1.5, footnote 27 on page 17, and the "classical proof" for theorem 1.2 of [Bauer], p. 483. This proof is not acceptable in intuitionistic logic, since it is based on the law of excluded middle: Either ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) is rational, in which case (√‘2), being irrational (see sqrt2irr 16216), can be chosen for both 𝑎 and 𝑏, or ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) is irrational, in which case ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) can be chosen for 𝑎 and (√‘2) for 𝑏, since (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) = 2 is rational. For an alternate proof, which can be used in intuitionistic logic, see 2irrexpqALT 26764. (Contributed by AV, 23-Dec-2022.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| 2irrexpq | ⊢ ∃𝑎 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)∃𝑏 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)(𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | oveq1 7374 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑎 = (√‘2) → (𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) = ((√‘2)↑𝑐𝑏)) | |
| 2 | 1 | eleq1d 2821 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑎 = (√‘2) → ((𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ ↔ ((√‘2)↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 3 | oveq2 7375 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑏 = (√‘2) → ((√‘2)↑𝑐𝑏) = ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))) | |
| 4 | 3 | eleq1d 2821 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑏 = (√‘2) → (((√‘2)↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ ↔ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 5 | 2, 4 | rspc2ev 3577 | . 2 ⊢ (((√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) → ∃𝑎 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)∃𝑏 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)(𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ) |
| 6 | 3ianor 1107 | . . . 4 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) ↔ (¬ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∨ ¬ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∨ ¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) | |
| 7 | sqrt2irr0 16218 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) | |
| 8 | 7 | pm2.24i 150 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (¬ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) → (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 9 | 2rp 12947 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ 2 ∈ ℝ+ | |
| 10 | rpsqrtcl 15226 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (2 ∈ ℝ+ → (√‘2) ∈ ℝ+) | |
| 11 | 9, 10 | ax-mp 5 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (√‘2) ∈ ℝ+ |
| 12 | rpre 12951 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((√‘2) ∈ ℝ+ → (√‘2) ∈ ℝ) | |
| 13 | rpge0 12956 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((√‘2) ∈ ℝ+ → 0 ≤ (√‘2)) | |
| 14 | 12, 13, 12 | recxpcld 26687 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((√‘2) ∈ ℝ+ → ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℝ) |
| 15 | 11, 14 | ax-mp 5 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℝ |
| 16 | 15 | a1i 11 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ → ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℝ) |
| 17 | id 22 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ → ¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) | |
| 18 | 16, 17 | eldifd 3900 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ → ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)) |
| 19 | 7 | a1i 11 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ → (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)) |
| 20 | sqrt2re 16217 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (√‘2) ∈ ℝ | |
| 21 | 20 | recni 11159 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (√‘2) ∈ ℂ |
| 22 | cxpmul 26652 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((√‘2) ∈ ℝ+ ∧ (√‘2) ∈ ℝ ∧ (√‘2) ∈ ℂ) → ((√‘2)↑𝑐((√‘2) · (√‘2))) = (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2))) | |
| 23 | 11, 20, 21, 22 | mp3an 1464 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((√‘2)↑𝑐((√‘2) · (√‘2))) = (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) |
| 24 | 2re 12255 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ 2 ∈ ℝ | |
| 25 | 0le2 12283 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ 0 ≤ 2 | |
| 26 | remsqsqrt 15218 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ ((2 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ 2) → ((√‘2) · (√‘2)) = 2) | |
| 27 | 24, 25, 26 | mp2an 693 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((√‘2) · (√‘2)) = 2 |
| 28 | 27 | oveq2i 7378 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((√‘2)↑𝑐((√‘2) · (√‘2))) = ((√‘2)↑𝑐2) |
| 29 | 2cn 12256 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ 2 ∈ ℂ | |
| 30 | cxpsqrtth 26694 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (2 ∈ ℂ → ((√‘2)↑𝑐2) = 2) | |
| 31 | 29, 30 | ax-mp 5 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((√‘2)↑𝑐2) = 2 |
| 32 | 2z 12559 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ 2 ∈ ℤ | |
| 33 | zq 12904 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (2 ∈ ℤ → 2 ∈ ℚ) | |
| 34 | 32, 33 | ax-mp 5 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ 2 ∈ ℚ |
| 35 | 31, 34 | eqeltri 2832 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((√‘2)↑𝑐2) ∈ ℚ |
| 36 | 28, 35 | eqeltri 2832 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((√‘2)↑𝑐((√‘2) · (√‘2))) ∈ ℚ |
| 37 | 23, 36 | eqeltrri 2833 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ |
| 38 | 37 | a1i 11 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ → (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) |
| 39 | 18, 19, 38 | 3jca 1129 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ → (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 40 | 8, 8, 39 | 3jaoi 1431 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((¬ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∨ ¬ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∨ ¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) → (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 41 | 6, 40 | sylbi 217 | . . 3 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) → (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 42 | oveq1 7374 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑎 = ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) → (𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) = (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐𝑏)) | |
| 43 | 42 | eleq1d 2821 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑎 = ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) → ((𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ ↔ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 44 | oveq2 7375 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑏 = (√‘2) → (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐𝑏) = (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2))) | |
| 45 | 44 | eleq1d 2821 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑏 = (√‘2) → ((((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ ↔ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 46 | 43, 45 | rspc2ev 3577 | . . 3 ⊢ ((((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) → ∃𝑎 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)∃𝑏 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)(𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ) |
| 47 | 41, 46 | syl 17 | . 2 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) → ∃𝑎 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)∃𝑏 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)(𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ) |
| 48 | 5, 47 | pm2.61i 182 | 1 ⊢ ∃𝑎 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)∃𝑏 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)(𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ |
| Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
| Syntax hints: ¬ wn 3 ∨ w3o 1086 ∧ w3a 1087 = wceq 1542 ∈ wcel 2114 ∃wrex 3061 ∖ cdif 3886 class class class wbr 5085 ‘cfv 6498 (class class class)co 7367 ℂcc 11036 ℝcr 11037 0cc0 11038 · cmul 11043 ≤ cle 11180 2c2 12236 ℤcz 12524 ℚcq 12898 ℝ+crp 12942 √csqrt 15195 ↑𝑐ccxp 26519 |
| This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1797 ax-4 1811 ax-5 1912 ax-6 1969 ax-7 2010 ax-8 2116 ax-9 2124 ax-10 2147 ax-11 2163 ax-12 2185 ax-ext 2708 ax-rep 5212 ax-sep 5231 ax-nul 5241 ax-pow 5307 ax-pr 5375 ax-un 7689 ax-inf2 9562 ax-cnex 11094 ax-resscn 11095 ax-1cn 11096 ax-icn 11097 ax-addcl 11098 ax-addrcl 11099 ax-mulcl 11100 ax-mulrcl 11101 ax-mulcom 11102 ax-addass 11103 ax-mulass 11104 ax-distr 11105 ax-i2m1 11106 ax-1ne0 11107 ax-1rid 11108 ax-rnegex 11109 ax-rrecex 11110 ax-cnre 11111 ax-pre-lttri 11112 ax-pre-lttrn 11113 ax-pre-ltadd 11114 ax-pre-mulgt0 11115 ax-pre-sup 11116 ax-addf 11117 |
| This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 207 df-an 396 df-or 849 df-3or 1088 df-3an 1089 df-tru 1545 df-fal 1555 df-ex 1782 df-nf 1786 df-sb 2069 df-mo 2539 df-eu 2569 df-clab 2715 df-cleq 2728 df-clel 2811 df-nfc 2885 df-ne 2933 df-nel 3037 df-ral 3052 df-rex 3062 df-rmo 3342 df-reu 3343 df-rab 3390 df-v 3431 df-sbc 3729 df-csb 3838 df-dif 3892 df-un 3894 df-in 3896 df-ss 3906 df-pss 3909 df-nul 4274 df-if 4467 df-pw 4543 df-sn 4568 df-pr 4570 df-tp 4572 df-op 4574 df-uni 4851 df-int 4890 df-iun 4935 df-iin 4936 df-br 5086 df-opab 5148 df-mpt 5167 df-tr 5193 df-id 5526 df-eprel 5531 df-po 5539 df-so 5540 df-fr 5584 df-se 5585 df-we 5586 df-xp 5637 df-rel 5638 df-cnv 5639 df-co 5640 df-dm 5641 df-rn 5642 df-res 5643 df-ima 5644 df-pred 6265 df-ord 6326 df-on 6327 df-lim 6328 df-suc 6329 df-iota 6454 df-fun 6500 df-fn 6501 df-f 6502 df-f1 6503 df-fo 6504 df-f1o 6505 df-fv 6506 df-isom 6507 df-riota 7324 df-ov 7370 df-oprab 7371 df-mpo 7372 df-of 7631 df-om 7818 df-1st 7942 df-2nd 7943 df-supp 8111 df-frecs 8231 df-wrecs 8262 df-recs 8311 df-rdg 8349 df-1o 8405 df-2o 8406 df-er 8643 df-map 8775 df-pm 8776 df-ixp 8846 df-en 8894 df-dom 8895 df-sdom 8896 df-fin 8897 df-fsupp 9275 df-fi 9324 df-sup 9355 df-inf 9356 df-oi 9425 df-card 9863 df-pnf 11181 df-mnf 11182 df-xr 11183 df-ltxr 11184 df-le 11185 df-sub 11379 df-neg 11380 df-div 11808 df-nn 12175 df-2 12244 df-3 12245 df-4 12246 df-5 12247 df-6 12248 df-7 12249 df-8 12250 df-9 12251 df-n0 12438 df-z 12525 df-dec 12645 df-uz 12789 df-q 12899 df-rp 12943 df-xneg 13063 df-xadd 13064 df-xmul 13065 df-ioo 13302 df-ioc 13303 df-ico 13304 df-icc 13305 df-fz 13462 df-fzo 13609 df-fl 13751 df-mod 13829 df-seq 13964 df-exp 14024 df-fac 14236 df-bc 14265 df-hash 14293 df-shft 15029 df-cj 15061 df-re 15062 df-im 15063 df-sqrt 15197 df-abs 15198 df-limsup 15433 df-clim 15450 df-rlim 15451 df-sum 15649 df-ef 16032 df-sin 16034 df-cos 16035 df-pi 16037 df-struct 17117 df-sets 17134 df-slot 17152 df-ndx 17164 df-base 17180 df-ress 17201 df-plusg 17233 df-mulr 17234 df-starv 17235 df-sca 17236 df-vsca 17237 df-ip 17238 df-tset 17239 df-ple 17240 df-ds 17242 df-unif 17243 df-hom 17244 df-cco 17245 df-rest 17385 df-topn 17386 df-0g 17404 df-gsum 17405 df-topgen 17406 df-pt 17407 df-prds 17410 df-xrs 17466 df-qtop 17471 df-imas 17472 df-xps 17474 df-mre 17548 df-mrc 17549 df-acs 17551 df-mgm 18608 df-sgrp 18687 df-mnd 18703 df-submnd 18752 df-mulg 19044 df-cntz 19292 df-cmn 19757 df-psmet 21344 df-xmet 21345 df-met 21346 df-bl 21347 df-mopn 21348 df-fbas 21349 df-fg 21350 df-cnfld 21353 df-top 22859 df-topon 22876 df-topsp 22898 df-bases 22911 df-cld 22984 df-ntr 22985 df-cls 22986 df-nei 23063 df-lp 23101 df-perf 23102 df-cn 23192 df-cnp 23193 df-haus 23280 df-tx 23527 df-hmeo 23720 df-fil 23811 df-fm 23903 df-flim 23904 df-flf 23905 df-xms 24285 df-ms 24286 df-tms 24287 df-cncf 24845 df-limc 25833 df-dv 25834 df-log 26520 df-cxp 26521 |
| This theorem is referenced by: (None) |
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