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| Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > 2irrexpq | Structured version Visualization version GIF version | ||
| Description: There exist irrational numbers 𝑎 and 𝑏 such that (𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) is rational. Statement in the Metamath book, section 1.1.5, footnote 27 on page 17, and the "classical proof" for theorem 1.2 of [Bauer], p. 483. This proof is not acceptable in intuitionistic logic, since it is based on the law of excluded middle: Either ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) is rational, in which case (√‘2), being irrational (see sqrt2irr 16186), can be chosen for both 𝑎 and 𝑏, or ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) is irrational, in which case ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) can be chosen for 𝑎 and (√‘2) for 𝑏, since (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) = 2 is rational. For an alternate proof, which can be used in intuitionistic logic, see 2irrexpqALT 26778. (Contributed by AV, 23-Dec-2022.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| 2irrexpq | ⊢ ∃𝑎 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)∃𝑏 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)(𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | oveq1 7375 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑎 = (√‘2) → (𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) = ((√‘2)↑𝑐𝑏)) | |
| 2 | 1 | eleq1d 2822 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑎 = (√‘2) → ((𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ ↔ ((√‘2)↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 3 | oveq2 7376 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑏 = (√‘2) → ((√‘2)↑𝑐𝑏) = ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))) | |
| 4 | 3 | eleq1d 2822 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑏 = (√‘2) → (((√‘2)↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ ↔ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 5 | 2, 4 | rspc2ev 3591 | . 2 ⊢ (((√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) → ∃𝑎 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)∃𝑏 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)(𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ) |
| 6 | 3ianor 1107 | . . . 4 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) ↔ (¬ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∨ ¬ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∨ ¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) | |
| 7 | sqrt2irr0 16188 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) | |
| 8 | 7 | pm2.24i 150 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (¬ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) → (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 9 | 2rp 12922 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ 2 ∈ ℝ+ | |
| 10 | rpsqrtcl 15199 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (2 ∈ ℝ+ → (√‘2) ∈ ℝ+) | |
| 11 | 9, 10 | ax-mp 5 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (√‘2) ∈ ℝ+ |
| 12 | rpre 12926 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((√‘2) ∈ ℝ+ → (√‘2) ∈ ℝ) | |
| 13 | rpge0 12931 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((√‘2) ∈ ℝ+ → 0 ≤ (√‘2)) | |
| 14 | 12, 13, 12 | recxpcld 26700 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((√‘2) ∈ ℝ+ → ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℝ) |
| 15 | 11, 14 | ax-mp 5 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℝ |
| 16 | 15 | a1i 11 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ → ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℝ) |
| 17 | id 22 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ → ¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) | |
| 18 | 16, 17 | eldifd 3914 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ → ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)) |
| 19 | 7 | a1i 11 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ → (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)) |
| 20 | sqrt2re 16187 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (√‘2) ∈ ℝ | |
| 21 | 20 | recni 11158 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (√‘2) ∈ ℂ |
| 22 | cxpmul 26665 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((√‘2) ∈ ℝ+ ∧ (√‘2) ∈ ℝ ∧ (√‘2) ∈ ℂ) → ((√‘2)↑𝑐((√‘2) · (√‘2))) = (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2))) | |
| 23 | 11, 20, 21, 22 | mp3an 1464 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((√‘2)↑𝑐((√‘2) · (√‘2))) = (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) |
| 24 | 2re 12231 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ 2 ∈ ℝ | |
| 25 | 0le2 12259 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ 0 ≤ 2 | |
| 26 | remsqsqrt 15191 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ ((2 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ 2) → ((√‘2) · (√‘2)) = 2) | |
| 27 | 24, 25, 26 | mp2an 693 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((√‘2) · (√‘2)) = 2 |
| 28 | 27 | oveq2i 7379 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((√‘2)↑𝑐((√‘2) · (√‘2))) = ((√‘2)↑𝑐2) |
| 29 | 2cn 12232 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ 2 ∈ ℂ | |
| 30 | cxpsqrtth 26707 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (2 ∈ ℂ → ((√‘2)↑𝑐2) = 2) | |
| 31 | 29, 30 | ax-mp 5 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((√‘2)↑𝑐2) = 2 |
| 32 | 2z 12535 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ 2 ∈ ℤ | |
| 33 | zq 12879 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (2 ∈ ℤ → 2 ∈ ℚ) | |
| 34 | 32, 33 | ax-mp 5 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ 2 ∈ ℚ |
| 35 | 31, 34 | eqeltri 2833 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((√‘2)↑𝑐2) ∈ ℚ |
| 36 | 28, 35 | eqeltri 2833 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((√‘2)↑𝑐((√‘2) · (√‘2))) ∈ ℚ |
| 37 | 23, 36 | eqeltrri 2834 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ |
| 38 | 37 | a1i 11 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ → (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) |
| 39 | 18, 19, 38 | 3jca 1129 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ → (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 40 | 8, 8, 39 | 3jaoi 1431 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((¬ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∨ ¬ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∨ ¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) → (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 41 | 6, 40 | sylbi 217 | . . 3 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) → (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 42 | oveq1 7375 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑎 = ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) → (𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) = (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐𝑏)) | |
| 43 | 42 | eleq1d 2822 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑎 = ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) → ((𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ ↔ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 44 | oveq2 7376 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑏 = (√‘2) → (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐𝑏) = (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2))) | |
| 45 | 44 | eleq1d 2822 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑏 = (√‘2) → ((((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ ↔ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 46 | 43, 45 | rspc2ev 3591 | . . 3 ⊢ ((((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) → ∃𝑎 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)∃𝑏 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)(𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ) |
| 47 | 41, 46 | syl 17 | . 2 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) → ∃𝑎 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)∃𝑏 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)(𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ) |
| 48 | 5, 47 | pm2.61i 182 | 1 ⊢ ∃𝑎 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)∃𝑏 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)(𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ |
| Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
| Syntax hints: ¬ wn 3 ∨ w3o 1086 ∧ w3a 1087 = wceq 1542 ∈ wcel 2114 ∃wrex 3062 ∖ cdif 3900 class class class wbr 5100 ‘cfv 6500 (class class class)co 7368 ℂcc 11036 ℝcr 11037 0cc0 11038 · cmul 11043 ≤ cle 11179 2c2 12212 ℤcz 12500 ℚcq 12873 ℝ+crp 12917 √csqrt 15168 ↑𝑐ccxp 26532 |
| This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1797 ax-4 1811 ax-5 1912 ax-6 1969 ax-7 2010 ax-8 2116 ax-9 2124 ax-10 2147 ax-11 2163 ax-12 2185 ax-ext 2709 ax-rep 5226 ax-sep 5243 ax-nul 5253 ax-pow 5312 ax-pr 5379 ax-un 7690 ax-inf2 9562 ax-cnex 11094 ax-resscn 11095 ax-1cn 11096 ax-icn 11097 ax-addcl 11098 ax-addrcl 11099 ax-mulcl 11100 ax-mulrcl 11101 ax-mulcom 11102 ax-addass 11103 ax-mulass 11104 ax-distr 11105 ax-i2m1 11106 ax-1ne0 11107 ax-1rid 11108 ax-rnegex 11109 ax-rrecex 11110 ax-cnre 11111 ax-pre-lttri 11112 ax-pre-lttrn 11113 ax-pre-ltadd 11114 ax-pre-mulgt0 11115 ax-pre-sup 11116 ax-addf 11117 |
| This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 207 df-an 396 df-or 849 df-3or 1088 df-3an 1089 df-tru 1545 df-fal 1555 df-ex 1782 df-nf 1786 df-sb 2069 df-mo 2540 df-eu 2570 df-clab 2716 df-cleq 2729 df-clel 2812 df-nfc 2886 df-ne 2934 df-nel 3038 df-ral 3053 df-rex 3063 df-rmo 3352 df-reu 3353 df-rab 3402 df-v 3444 df-sbc 3743 df-csb 3852 df-dif 3906 df-un 3908 df-in 3910 df-ss 3920 df-pss 3923 df-nul 4288 df-if 4482 df-pw 4558 df-sn 4583 df-pr 4585 df-tp 4587 df-op 4589 df-uni 4866 df-int 4905 df-iun 4950 df-iin 4951 df-br 5101 df-opab 5163 df-mpt 5182 df-tr 5208 df-id 5527 df-eprel 5532 df-po 5540 df-so 5541 df-fr 5585 df-se 5586 df-we 5587 df-xp 5638 df-rel 5639 df-cnv 5640 df-co 5641 df-dm 5642 df-rn 5643 df-res 5644 df-ima 5645 df-pred 6267 df-ord 6328 df-on 6329 df-lim 6330 df-suc 6331 df-iota 6456 df-fun 6502 df-fn 6503 df-f 6504 df-f1 6505 df-fo 6506 df-f1o 6507 df-fv 6508 df-isom 6509 df-riota 7325 df-ov 7371 df-oprab 7372 df-mpo 7373 df-of 7632 df-om 7819 df-1st 7943 df-2nd 7944 df-supp 8113 df-frecs 8233 df-wrecs 8264 df-recs 8313 df-rdg 8351 df-1o 8407 df-2o 8408 df-er 8645 df-map 8777 df-pm 8778 df-ixp 8848 df-en 8896 df-dom 8897 df-sdom 8898 df-fin 8899 df-fsupp 9277 df-fi 9326 df-sup 9357 df-inf 9358 df-oi 9427 df-card 9863 df-pnf 11180 df-mnf 11181 df-xr 11182 df-ltxr 11183 df-le 11184 df-sub 11378 df-neg 11379 df-div 11807 df-nn 12158 df-2 12220 df-3 12221 df-4 12222 df-5 12223 df-6 12224 df-7 12225 df-8 12226 df-9 12227 df-n0 12414 df-z 12501 df-dec 12620 df-uz 12764 df-q 12874 df-rp 12918 df-xneg 13038 df-xadd 13039 df-xmul 13040 df-ioo 13277 df-ioc 13278 df-ico 13279 df-icc 13280 df-fz 13436 df-fzo 13583 df-fl 13724 df-mod 13802 df-seq 13937 df-exp 13997 df-fac 14209 df-bc 14238 df-hash 14266 df-shft 15002 df-cj 15034 df-re 15035 df-im 15036 df-sqrt 15170 df-abs 15171 df-limsup 15406 df-clim 15423 df-rlim 15424 df-sum 15622 df-ef 16002 df-sin 16004 df-cos 16005 df-pi 16007 df-struct 17086 df-sets 17103 df-slot 17121 df-ndx 17133 df-base 17149 df-ress 17170 df-plusg 17202 df-mulr 17203 df-starv 17204 df-sca 17205 df-vsca 17206 df-ip 17207 df-tset 17208 df-ple 17209 df-ds 17211 df-unif 17212 df-hom 17213 df-cco 17214 df-rest 17354 df-topn 17355 df-0g 17373 df-gsum 17374 df-topgen 17375 df-pt 17376 df-prds 17379 df-xrs 17435 df-qtop 17440 df-imas 17441 df-xps 17443 df-mre 17517 df-mrc 17518 df-acs 17520 df-mgm 18577 df-sgrp 18656 df-mnd 18672 df-submnd 18721 df-mulg 19010 df-cntz 19258 df-cmn 19723 df-psmet 21313 df-xmet 21314 df-met 21315 df-bl 21316 df-mopn 21317 df-fbas 21318 df-fg 21319 df-cnfld 21322 df-top 22850 df-topon 22867 df-topsp 22889 df-bases 22902 df-cld 22975 df-ntr 22976 df-cls 22977 df-nei 23054 df-lp 23092 df-perf 23093 df-cn 23183 df-cnp 23184 df-haus 23271 df-tx 23518 df-hmeo 23711 df-fil 23802 df-fm 23894 df-flim 23895 df-flf 23896 df-xms 24276 df-ms 24277 df-tms 24278 df-cncf 24839 df-limc 25835 df-dv 25836 df-log 26533 df-cxp 26534 |
| This theorem is referenced by: (None) |
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