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| Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > 2irrexpq | Structured version Visualization version GIF version | ||
| Description: There exist irrational numbers 𝑎 and 𝑏 such that (𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) is rational. Statement in the Metamath book, section 1.1.5, footnote 27 on page 17, and the "classical proof" for theorem 1.2 of [Bauer], p. 483. This proof is not acceptable in intuitionistic logic, since it is based on the law of excluded middle: Either ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) is rational, in which case (√‘2), being irrational (see sqrt2irr 16315), can be chosen for both 𝑎 and 𝑏, or ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) is irrational, in which case ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) can be chosen for 𝑎 and (√‘2) for 𝑏, since (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) = 2 is rational. For an alternate proof, which can be used in intuitionistic logic, see 2irrexpqALT 26980. (Contributed by AV, 23-Dec-2022.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| 2irrexpq | ⊢ ∃𝑎 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)∃𝑏 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)(𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | oveq1 7423 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑎 = (√‘2) → (𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) = ((√‘2)↑𝑐𝑏)) | |
| 2 | 1 | eleq1d 2851 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑎 = (√‘2) → ((𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ ↔ ((√‘2)↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 3 | oveq2 7424 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑏 = (√‘2) → ((√‘2)↑𝑐𝑏) = ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))) | |
| 4 | 3 | eleq1d 2851 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝑏 = (√‘2) → (((√‘2)↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ ↔ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 5 | 2, 4 | rspc2ev 3597 | . 2 ⊢ (((√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) → ∃𝑎 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)∃𝑏 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)(𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ) |
| 6 | 3ianor 1124 | . . . 4 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) ↔ (¬ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∨ ¬ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∨ ¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) | |
| 7 | sqrt2irr0 16317 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) | |
| 8 | 7 | pm2.24i 151 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (¬ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) → (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 9 | 2rp 13031 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ 2 ∈ ℝ+ | |
| 10 | rpsqrtcl 15326 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (2 ∈ ℝ+ → (√‘2) ∈ ℝ+) | |
| 11 | 9, 10 | ax-mp 5 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (√‘2) ∈ ℝ+ |
| 12 | rpre 13035 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((√‘2) ∈ ℝ+ → (√‘2) ∈ ℝ) | |
| 13 | rpge0 13040 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((√‘2) ∈ ℝ+ → 0 ≤ (√‘2)) | |
| 14 | 12, 13, 12 | recxpcld 26903 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((√‘2) ∈ ℝ+ → ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℝ) |
| 15 | 11, 14 | ax-mp 5 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℝ |
| 16 | 15 | a1i 11 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ → ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℝ) |
| 17 | id 23 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ → ¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) | |
| 18 | 16, 17 | eldifd 3919 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ → ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)) |
| 19 | 7 | a1i 11 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ → (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)) |
| 20 | sqrt2re 16316 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (√‘2) ∈ ℝ | |
| 21 | 20 | recni 11233 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (√‘2) ∈ ℂ |
| 22 | cxpmul 26868 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((√‘2) ∈ ℝ+ ∧ (√‘2) ∈ ℝ ∧ (√‘2) ∈ ℂ) → ((√‘2)↑𝑐((√‘2) · (√‘2))) = (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2))) | |
| 23 | 11, 20, 21, 22 | mp3an 1490 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((√‘2)↑𝑐((√‘2) · (√‘2))) = (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) |
| 24 | 2re 12325 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ 2 ∈ ℝ | |
| 25 | 0le2 12353 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ 0 ≤ 2 | |
| 26 | remsqsqrt 15318 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ ((2 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ 2) → ((√‘2) · (√‘2)) = 2) | |
| 27 | 24, 25, 26 | mp2an 705 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((√‘2) · (√‘2)) = 2 |
| 28 | 27 | oveq2i 7427 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((√‘2)↑𝑐((√‘2) · (√‘2))) = ((√‘2)↑𝑐2) |
| 29 | 2cn 12326 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ 2 ∈ ℂ | |
| 30 | cxpsqrtth 26910 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (2 ∈ ℂ → ((√‘2)↑𝑐2) = 2) | |
| 31 | 29, 30 | ax-mp 5 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((√‘2)↑𝑐2) = 2 |
| 32 | 2z 12636 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ 2 ∈ ℤ | |
| 33 | zq 12988 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (2 ∈ ℤ → 2 ∈ ℚ) | |
| 34 | 32, 33 | ax-mp 5 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ 2 ∈ ℚ |
| 35 | 31, 34 | eqeltri 2862 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((√‘2)↑𝑐2) ∈ ℚ |
| 36 | 28, 35 | eqeltri 2862 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((√‘2)↑𝑐((√‘2) · (√‘2))) ∈ ℚ |
| 37 | 23, 36 | eqeltrri 2863 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ |
| 38 | 37 | a1i 11 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ → (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) |
| 39 | 18, 19, 38 | 3jca 1146 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ → (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 40 | 8, 8, 39 | 3jaoi 1454 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((¬ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∨ ¬ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∨ ¬ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) → (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 41 | 6, 40 | sylbi 220 | . . 3 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) → (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 42 | oveq1 7423 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑎 = ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) → (𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) = (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐𝑏)) | |
| 43 | 42 | eleq1d 2851 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑎 = ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) → ((𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ ↔ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 44 | oveq2 7424 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑏 = (√‘2) → (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐𝑏) = (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2))) | |
| 45 | 44 | eleq1d 2851 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑏 = (√‘2) → ((((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ ↔ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ)) |
| 46 | 43, 45 | rspc2ev 3597 | . . 3 ⊢ ((((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2))↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) → ∃𝑎 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)∃𝑏 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)(𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ) |
| 47 | 41, 46 | syl 18 | . 2 ⊢ (¬ ((√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ (√‘2) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ) ∧ ((√‘2)↑𝑐(√‘2)) ∈ ℚ) → ∃𝑎 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)∃𝑏 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)(𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ) |
| 48 | 5, 47 | pm2.61i 184 | 1 ⊢ ∃𝑎 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)∃𝑏 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℚ)(𝑎↑𝑐𝑏) ∈ ℚ |
| Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
| This proof depends on syntax axioms: ¬ wn 3 ∨ w3o 1102 ∧ w3a 1103 = wceq 1570 ∈ wcel 2146 ∃wrex 3092 ∖ cdif 3905 class class class wbr 5112 ‘cfv 6540 (class class class)co 7416 ℂcc 11108 ℝcr 11109 0cc0 11110 · cmul 11115 ≤ cle 11254 2c2 12305 ℤcz 12601 ℚcq 12982 ℝ+crp 13026 √csqrt 15295 ↑𝑐ccxp 26735 |
| This proof depends on axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1828 ax-4 1842 ax-5 1943 ax-6 2000 ax-7 2041 ax-8 2148 ax-9 2156 ax-10 2179 ax-11 2195 ax-12 2216 ax-ext 2738 ax-rep 5241 ax-sep 5260 ax-nul 5272 ax-pow 5339 ax-pr 5407 ax-un 7738 ax-inf2 9612 ax-cnex 11166 ax-resscn 11167 ax-1cn 11168 ax-icn 11169 ax-addcl 11170 ax-addrcl 11171 ax-mulcl 11172 ax-mulrcl 11173 ax-mulcom 11174 ax-addass 11175 ax-mulass 11176 ax-distr 11177 ax-i2m1 11178 ax-1ne0 11179 ax-1rid 11180 ax-rnegex 11181 ax-rrecex 11182 ax-cnre 11183 ax-pre-lttri 11184 ax-pre-lttrn 11185 ax-pre-ltadd 11186 ax-pre-mulgt0 11187 ax-pre-sup 11188 ax-addf 11189 |
| This proof depends on definitions: df-bi 210 df-an 402 df-or 862 df-3or 1104 df-3an 1105 df-tru 1573 df-fal 1583 df-ex 1813 df-nf 1817 df-sb 2100 df-mo 2570 df-eu 2600 df-clab 2745 df-cleq 2758 df-clel 2841 df-nfc 2915 df-ne 2962 df-nel 3068 df-ral 3083 df-rex 3093 df-rmo 3372 df-reu 3373 df-rab 3420 df-v 3460 df-sbc 3748 df-csb 3857 df-dif 3911 df-un 3913 df-in 3915 df-ss 3925 df-pss 3928 df-nul 4290 df-if 4491 df-pw 4567 df-sn 4593 df-pr 4595 df-tp 4597 df-op 4599 df-uni 4876 df-int 4916 df-iun 4961 df-iin 4962 df-br 5113 df-opab 5177 df-mpt 5196 df-tr 5222 df-id 5559 df-eprel 5564 df-po 5572 df-so 5573 df-fr 5617 df-se 5618 df-we 5619 df-xp 5670 df-rel 5671 df-cnv 5672 df-co 5673 df-dm 5674 df-rn 5675 df-res 5676 df-ima 5677 df-pred 6306 df-ord 6367 df-on 6368 df-lim 6369 df-suc 6370 df-iota 6496 df-fun 6542 df-fn 6543 df-f 6544 df-f1 6545 df-fo 6546 df-f1o 6547 df-fv 6548 df-isom 6549 df-riota 7373 df-ov 7419 df-oprab 7420 df-mpo 7421 df-of 7680 df-om 7865 df-1st 7988 df-2nd 7989 df-supp 8159 df-frecs 8280 df-wrecs 8311 df-recs 8360 df-rdg 8399 df-1o 8455 df-2o 8456 df-er 8696 df-map 8828 df-pm 8829 df-ixp 8898 df-en 8946 df-dom 8947 df-sdom 8948 df-fin 8949 df-fsupp 9324 df-fi 9373 df-sup 9404 df-inf 9405 df-oi 9474 df-card 9936 df-pnf 11255 df-mnf 11256 df-xr 11257 df-ltxr 11258 df-le 11259 df-sub 11453 df-neg 11454 df-div 11882 df-nn 12244 df-2 12313 df-3 12314 df-4 12315 df-5 12316 df-6 12317 df-7 12318 df-8 12319 df-9 12320 df-n0 12515 df-z 12602 df-dec 12722 df-uz 12873 df-q 12983 df-rp 13027 df-xneg 13147 df-xadd 13148 df-xmul 13149 df-ioo 13386 df-ioc 13387 df-ico 13388 df-icc 13389 df-fz 13546 df-fzo 13694 df-fl 13836 df-mod 13914 df-seq 14049 df-exp 14109 df-fac 14321 df-bc 14350 df-hash 14378 df-shft 15115 df-cj 15161 df-re 15162 df-im 15163 df-sqrt 15297 df-abs 15298 df-limsup 15533 df-clim 15550 df-rlim 15551 df-sum 15749 df-ef 16131 df-sin 16133 df-cos 16134 df-pi 16136 df-struct 17217 df-sets 17234 df-slot 17252 df-ndx 17264 df-base 17280 df-ress 17301 df-plusg 17333 df-mulr 17334 df-starv 17335 df-sca 17336 df-vsca 17337 df-ip 17338 df-tset 17339 df-ple 17340 df-ds 17342 df-unif 17343 df-hom 17344 df-cco 17345 df-rest 17485 df-topn 17486 df-0g 17504 df-gsum 17505 df-topgen 17506 df-pt 17507 df-prds 17510 df-xrs 17566 df-qtop 17571 df-imas 17572 df-xps 17574 df-mre 17648 df-mrc 17649 df-acs 17651 df-mgm 18708 df-sgrp 18787 df-mnd 18803 df-submnd 18852 df-mulg 19144 df-cntz 19397 df-cmn 19862 df-psmet 21529 df-xmet 21530 df-met 21531 df-bl 21532 df-mopn 21533 df-fbas 21534 df-fg 21535 df-cnfld 21538 df-top 23066 df-topon 23083 df-topsp 23105 df-bases 23118 df-cld 23191 df-ntr 23192 df-cls 23193 df-nei 23270 df-lp 23308 df-perf 23309 df-cn 23399 df-cnp 23400 df-haus 23487 df-tx 23734 df-hmeo 23927 df-fil 24018 df-fm 24110 df-flim 24111 df-flf 24112 df-xms 24492 df-ms 24493 df-tms 24494 df-cncf 25052 df-limc 26040 df-dv 26041 df-log 26736 df-cxp 26737 |
| This theorem is used by: (None) |
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