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| Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > dfef2 | Structured version Visualization version GIF version | ||
| Description: The limit of the sequence (1 + 𝐴 / 𝑘)↑𝑘 as 𝑘 goes to +∞ is (exp‘𝐴). This is another common definition of e. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 1-Mar-2015.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| dfef2.1 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉) |
| dfef2.2 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) |
| dfef2.3 | ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐹‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| dfef2 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dfef2.2 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 2 | ax-1cn 11297 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ 1 ∈ ℂ | |
| 3 | simpl 488 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 4 | nncn 12383 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 5 | 4 | adantl 487 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℂ) |
| 6 | nnne0 12412 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ≠ 0) | |
| 7 | 6 | adantl 487 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ≠ 0) |
| 8 | 3, 5, 7 | divcld 12133 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐴 / 𝑥) ∈ ℂ) |
| 9 | addcl 11321 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((1 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐴 / 𝑥) ∈ ℂ) → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ) | |
| 10 | 2, 8, 9 | sylancr 599 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ) |
| 11 | nnnn0 12653 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 12 | 11 | adantl 487 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℕ0) |
| 13 | cxpexp 27053 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ0) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) | |
| 14 | 10, 12, 13 | syl2anc 596 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) |
| 15 | 14 | mpteq2dva 5204 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥)) = (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))) |
| 16 | nnrp 13172 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+) | |
| 17 | 16 | ssriv 3917 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ℕ ⊆ ℝ+ |
| 18 | 17 | a1i 11 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ℕ ⊆ ℝ+) |
| 19 | eqid 2763 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (0(ball‘(abs ∘ − ))(1 / ((abs‘𝐴) + 1))) = (0(ball‘(abs ∘ − ))(1 / ((abs‘𝐴) + 1))) | |
| 20 | 19 | efrlim 27354 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 21 | 18, 20 | rlimres2 15772 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 22 | 15, 21 | eqbrtrrd 5135 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 23 | nnuz 13044 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ℕ = (ℤ≥‘1) | |
| 24 | 1zzd 12767 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → 1 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 25 | 10, 12 | expcld 14329 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥) ∈ ℂ) |
| 26 | 25 | fmpttd 7147 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)):ℕ⟶ℂ) |
| 27 | 23, 24, 26 | rlimclim 15757 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴) ↔ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴))) |
| 28 | 22, 27 | mpbid 235 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 29 | 1, 28 | syl 18 | . 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 30 | nnex 12381 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ℕ ∈ V | |
| 31 | 30 | mptex 7260 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ∈ V |
| 32 | 31 | a1i 11 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ∈ V) |
| 33 | dfef2.1 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉) | |
| 34 | 1zzd 12767 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 35 | oveq2 7459 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → (𝐴 / 𝑥) = (𝐴 / 𝑘)) | |
| 36 | 35 | oveq2d 7467 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) = (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))) |
| 37 | id 23 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → 𝑥 = 𝑘) | |
| 38 | 36, 37 | oveq12d 7469 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| 39 | eqid 2763 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) = (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) | |
| 40 | ovex 7484 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘) ∈ V | |
| 41 | 38, 39, 40 | fvmpt 7024 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑘 ∈ ℕ → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| 42 | 41 | adantl 487 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| 43 | dfef2.3 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐹‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) | |
| 44 | 42, 43 | eqtr4d 2801 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = (𝐹‘𝑘)) |
| 45 | 23, 32, 33, 34, 44 | climeq 15778 | . 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴) ↔ 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴))) |
| 46 | 29, 45 | mpbid 235 | 1 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
| This proof depends on syntax axioms: → wi 4 ∧ wa 401 = wceq 1570 ∈ wcel 2147 ≠ wne 2959 Vcvv 3454 ⊆ wss 3900 class class class wbr 5108 ↦ cmpt 5192 ∘ ccom 5662 ‘cfv 6566 (class class class)co 7451 ℂcc 11237 0cc0 11239 1c1 11240 + caddc 11242 − cmin 11580 / cdiv 12013 ℕcn 12375 ℕ0cn0 12646 ℝ+crp 13160 ↑cexp 14244 abscabs 15444 ⇝ cli 15695 ⇝𝑟 crli 15696 expce 16271 ballcbl 21716 ↑𝑐ccxp 26940 |
| This proof depends on axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1828 ax-4 1842 ax-5 1945 ax-6 2002 ax-7 2043 ax-8 2149 ax-9 2157 ax-10 2180 ax-11 2197 ax-12 2216 ax-ext 2735 ax-rep 5238 ax-sep 5255 ax-nul 5266 ax-pow 5334 ax-pr 5398 ax-un 7783 ax-inf2 9679 ax-cnex 11295 ax-resscn 11296 ax-1cn 11297 ax-icn 11298 ax-addcl 11299 ax-addrcl 11300 ax-mulcl 11301 ax-mulrcl 11302 ax-mulcom 11303 ax-addass 11304 ax-mulass 11305 ax-distr 11306 ax-i2m1 11307 ax-1ne0 11308 ax-1rid 11309 ax-rnegex 11310 ax-rrecex 11311 ax-cnre 11312 ax-pre-lttri 11313 ax-pre-lttrn 11314 ax-pre-ltadd 11315 ax-pre-mulgt0 11316 ax-pre-sup 11317 ax-addf 11318 |
| This proof depends on definitions: df-bi 210 df-an 402 df-or 862 df-3or 1104 df-3an 1105 df-tru 1573 df-fal 1583 df-ex 1813 df-nf 1817 df-sb 2102 df-mo 2567 df-eu 2597 df-clab 2742 df-cleq 2755 df-clel 2839 df-nfc 2913 df-ne 2960 df-nel 3066 df-ral 3081 df-rex 3091 df-rmo 3369 df-reu 3370 df-rab 3417 df-v 3456 df-sbc 3743 df-csb 3852 df-ss 3901 df-pss 4017 df-dif 4050 df-in 4094 df-un 4154 df-nul 4282 df-if 4486 df-pw 4562 df-sn 4589 df-pr 4591 df-tp 4593 df-op 4841 df-uni 4873 df-int 4913 df-iun 4958 df-iin 4959 df-br 5109 df-opab 5174 df-mpt 5193 df-tr 5219 df-id 5553 df-eprel 5558 df-po 5566 df-so 5567 df-fr 5611 df-se 5612 df-we 5613 df-xp 5664 df-rel 5665 df-cnv 5666 df-co 5667 df-dm 5668 df-rn 5669 df-res 5670 df-ima 5671 df-pred 6330 df-ord 6391 df-on 6392 df-lim 6393 df-suc 6394 df-iota 6520 df-fun 6568 df-fn 6569 df-f 6570 df-f1 6571 df-fo 6572 df-f1o 6573 df-fv 6574 df-isom 6575 df-riota 7408 df-ov 7454 df-oprab 7455 df-mpo 7456 df-of 7725 df-om 7912 df-1st 8035 df-2nd 8036 df-supp 8215 df-frecs 8337 df-wrecs 8368 df-recs 8417 df-rdg 8456 df-1o 8514 df-2o 8515 df-er 8755 df-map 8887 df-pm 8888 df-ixp 8964 df-en 9012 df-dom 9013 df-sdom 9014 df-fin 9015 df-fsupp 9392 df-fi 9440 df-sup 9471 df-inf 9472 df-oi 9541 df-card 10057 df-pnf 11384 df-mnf 11385 df-xr 11386 df-ltxr 11387 df-le 11388 df-sub 11582 df-neg 11583 df-div 12014 df-nn 12376 df-2 12445 df-3 12446 df-4 12447 df-5 12448 df-6 12449 df-7 12450 df-8 12451 df-9 12452 df-n0 12647 df-z 12734 df-dec 12855 df-uz 13006 df-q 13116 df-rp 13161 df-xneg 13281 df-xadd 13282 df-xmul 13283 df-ioo 13520 df-ioc 13521 df-ico 13522 df-icc 13523 df-fz 13680 df-fzo 13829 df-fl 13972 df-mod 14050 df-seq 14185 df-exp 14245 df-fac 14459 df-bc 14488 df-hash 14516 df-shft 15263 df-cj 15309 df-re 15310 df-im 15311 df-sqrt 15445 df-abs 15446 df-limsup 15682 df-clim 15699 df-rlim 15700 df-sum 15898 df-ef 16277 df-sin 16279 df-cos 16280 df-tan 16281 df-pi 16282 df-struct 17369 df-sets 17386 df-slot 17404 df-ndx 17416 df-base 17432 df-ress 17453 df-plusg 17486 df-mulr 17487 df-starv 17488 df-sca 17489 df-vsca 17490 df-ip 17491 df-tset 17492 df-ple 17493 df-ds 17495 df-unif 17496 df-hom 17497 df-cco 17498 df-euf 17499 df-rest 17643 df-topn 17644 df-0g 17662 df-gsum 17663 df-topgen 17664 df-pt 17665 df-prds 17668 df-xrs 17724 df-qtop 17729 df-imas 17730 df-xps 17732 df-mre 17806 df-mrc 17807 df-acs 17809 df-mgm 18866 df-sgrp 18958 df-mnd 18974 df-submnd 19029 df-mulg 19328 df-cntz 19582 df-cmn 20047 df-psmet 21721 df-xmet 21722 df-met 21723 df-bl 21724 df-mopn 21725 df-fbas 21726 df-fg 21727 df-cnfld 21730 df-top 23267 df-topon 23284 df-topsp 23306 df-bases 23319 df-cld 23392 df-ntr 23393 df-cls 23394 df-nei 23471 df-lp 23509 df-perf 23510 df-cn 23600 df-cnp 23601 df-haus 23688 df-cmp 23760 df-tx 23936 df-hmeo 24129 df-fil 24220 df-fm 24312 df-flim 24313 df-flf 24314 df-xms 24694 df-ms 24695 df-tms 24696 df-cncf 25254 df-limc 26241 df-dv 26242 df-log 26941 df-cxp 26942 |
| This theorem is used by: (None) |
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