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| Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > dfef2 | Structured version Visualization version GIF version | ||
| Description: The limit of the sequence (1 + 𝐴 / 𝑘)↑𝑘 as 𝑘 goes to +∞ is (exp‘𝐴). This is another common definition of e. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 1-Mar-2015.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| dfef2.1 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉) |
| dfef2.2 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) |
| dfef2.3 | ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐹‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| dfef2 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dfef2.2 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 2 | ax-1cn 11265 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ 1 ∈ ℂ | |
| 3 | simpl 488 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 4 | nncn 12350 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 5 | 4 | adantl 487 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℂ) |
| 6 | nnne0 12379 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ≠ 0) | |
| 7 | 6 | adantl 487 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ≠ 0) |
| 8 | 3, 5, 7 | divcld 12100 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐴 / 𝑥) ∈ ℂ) |
| 9 | addcl 11289 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((1 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐴 / 𝑥) ∈ ℂ) → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ) | |
| 10 | 2, 8, 9 | sylancr 599 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ) |
| 11 | nnnn0 12620 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 12 | 11 | adantl 487 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℕ0) |
| 13 | cxpexp 27005 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ0) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) | |
| 14 | 10, 12, 13 | syl2anc 596 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) |
| 15 | 14 | mpteq2dva 5197 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥)) = (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))) |
| 16 | nnrp 13139 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+) | |
| 17 | 16 | ssriv 3913 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ℕ ⊆ ℝ+ |
| 18 | 17 | a1i 11 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ℕ ⊆ ℝ+) |
| 19 | eqid 2760 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (0(ball‘(abs ∘ − ))(1 / ((abs‘𝐴) + 1))) = (0(ball‘(abs ∘ − ))(1 / ((abs‘𝐴) + 1))) | |
| 20 | 19 | efrlim 27306 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 21 | 18, 20 | rlimres2 15737 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 22 | 15, 21 | eqbrtrrd 5128 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 23 | nnuz 13011 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ℕ = (ℤ≥‘1) | |
| 24 | 1zzd 12734 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → 1 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 25 | 10, 12 | expcld 14296 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥) ∈ ℂ) |
| 26 | 25 | fmpttd 7120 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)):ℕ⟶ℂ) |
| 27 | 23, 24, 26 | rlimclim 15722 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴) ↔ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴))) |
| 28 | 22, 27 | mpbid 235 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 29 | 1, 28 | syl 18 | . 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 30 | nnex 12348 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ℕ ∈ V | |
| 31 | 30 | mptex 7233 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ∈ V |
| 32 | 31 | a1i 11 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ∈ V) |
| 33 | dfef2.1 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉) | |
| 34 | 1zzd 12734 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 35 | oveq2 7432 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → (𝐴 / 𝑥) = (𝐴 / 𝑘)) | |
| 36 | 35 | oveq2d 7440 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) = (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))) |
| 37 | id 23 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → 𝑥 = 𝑘) | |
| 38 | 36, 37 | oveq12d 7442 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| 39 | eqid 2760 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) = (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) | |
| 40 | ovex 7457 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘) ∈ V | |
| 41 | 38, 39, 40 | fvmpt 6998 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑘 ∈ ℕ → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| 42 | 41 | adantl 487 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| 43 | dfef2.3 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐹‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) | |
| 44 | 42, 43 | eqtr4d 2798 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = (𝐹‘𝑘)) |
| 45 | 23, 32, 33, 34, 44 | climeq 15743 | . 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴) ↔ 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴))) |
| 46 | 29, 45 | mpbid 235 | 1 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
| This proof depends on syntax axioms: → wi 4 ∧ wa 401 = wceq 1569 ∈ wcel 2144 ≠ wne 2955 Vcvv 3450 ⊆ wss 3896 class class class wbr 5102 ↦ cmpt 5185 ∘ ccom 5655 ‘cfv 6543 (class class class)co 7424 ℂcc 11205 0cc0 11207 1c1 11208 + caddc 11210 − cmin 11548 / cdiv 11980 ℕcn 12342 ℕ0cn0 12613 ℝ+crp 13127 ↑cexp 14211 abscabs 15410 ⇝ cli 15660 ⇝𝑟 crli 15661 expce 16236 ballcbl 21674 ↑𝑐ccxp 26892 |
| This proof depends on axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1827 ax-4 1841 ax-5 1942 ax-6 1999 ax-7 2040 ax-8 2146 ax-9 2154 ax-10 2177 ax-11 2193 ax-12 2212 ax-ext 2732 ax-rep 5231 ax-sep 5248 ax-nul 5259 ax-pow 5327 ax-pr 5391 ax-un 7755 ax-inf2 9649 ax-cnex 11263 ax-resscn 11264 ax-1cn 11265 ax-icn 11266 ax-addcl 11267 ax-addrcl 11268 ax-mulcl 11269 ax-mulrcl 11270 ax-mulcom 11271 ax-addass 11272 ax-mulass 11273 ax-distr 11274 ax-i2m1 11275 ax-1ne0 11276 ax-1rid 11277 ax-rnegex 11278 ax-rrecex 11279 ax-cnre 11280 ax-pre-lttri 11281 ax-pre-lttrn 11282 ax-pre-ltadd 11283 ax-pre-mulgt0 11284 ax-pre-sup 11285 ax-addf 11286 |
| This proof depends on definitions: df-bi 210 df-an 402 df-or 862 df-3or 1104 df-3an 1105 df-tru 1572 df-fal 1582 df-ex 1812 df-nf 1816 df-sb 2099 df-mo 2564 df-eu 2594 df-clab 2739 df-cleq 2752 df-clel 2835 df-nfc 2909 df-ne 2956 df-nel 3062 df-ral 3077 df-rex 3087 df-rmo 3365 df-reu 3366 df-rab 3413 df-v 3452 df-sbc 3739 df-csb 3848 df-ss 3897 df-pss 4013 df-dif 4046 df-in 4090 df-un 4150 df-nul 4278 df-if 4482 df-pw 4558 df-sn 4585 df-pr 4587 df-tp 4589 df-op 4835 df-uni 4867 df-int 4907 df-iun 4952 df-iin 4953 df-br 5103 df-opab 5167 df-mpt 5186 df-tr 5212 df-id 5546 df-eprel 5551 df-po 5559 df-so 5560 df-fr 5604 df-se 5605 df-we 5606 df-xp 5657 df-rel 5658 df-cnv 5659 df-co 5660 df-dm 5661 df-rn 5662 df-res 5663 df-ima 5664 df-pred 6307 df-ord 6368 df-on 6369 df-lim 6370 df-suc 6371 df-iota 6497 df-fun 6545 df-fn 6546 df-f 6547 df-f1 6548 df-fo 6549 df-f1o 6550 df-fv 6551 df-isom 6552 df-riota 7381 df-ov 7427 df-oprab 7428 df-mpo 7429 df-of 7697 df-om 7882 df-1st 8005 df-2nd 8006 df-supp 8184 df-frecs 8306 df-wrecs 8337 df-recs 8386 df-rdg 8425 df-1o 8483 df-2o 8484 df-er 8724 df-map 8856 df-pm 8857 df-ixp 8933 df-en 8981 df-dom 8982 df-sdom 8983 df-fin 8984 df-fsupp 9361 df-fi 9410 df-sup 9441 df-inf 9442 df-oi 9511 df-card 10027 df-pnf 11352 df-mnf 11353 df-xr 11354 df-ltxr 11355 df-le 11356 df-sub 11550 df-neg 11551 df-div 11981 df-nn 12343 df-2 12412 df-3 12413 df-4 12414 df-5 12415 df-6 12416 df-7 12417 df-8 12418 df-9 12419 df-n0 12614 df-z 12701 df-dec 12822 df-uz 12973 df-q 13083 df-rp 13128 df-xneg 13248 df-xadd 13249 df-xmul 13250 df-ioo 13487 df-ioc 13488 df-ico 13489 df-icc 13490 df-fz 13647 df-fzo 13796 df-fl 13939 df-mod 14017 df-seq 14152 df-exp 14212 df-fac 14425 df-bc 14454 df-hash 14482 df-shft 15229 df-cj 15275 df-re 15276 df-im 15277 df-sqrt 15411 df-abs 15412 df-limsup 15647 df-clim 15664 df-rlim 15665 df-sum 15863 df-ef 16242 df-sin 16244 df-cos 16245 df-tan 16246 df-pi 16247 df-struct 17334 df-sets 17351 df-slot 17369 df-ndx 17381 df-base 17397 df-ress 17418 df-plusg 17450 df-mulr 17451 df-starv 17452 df-sca 17453 df-vsca 17454 df-ip 17455 df-tset 17456 df-ple 17457 df-ds 17459 df-unif 17460 df-hom 17461 df-cco 17462 df-rest 17602 df-topn 17603 df-0g 17621 df-gsum 17622 df-topgen 17623 df-pt 17624 df-prds 17627 df-xrs 17683 df-qtop 17688 df-imas 17689 df-xps 17691 df-mre 17765 df-mrc 17766 df-acs 17768 df-mgm 18825 df-sgrp 18917 df-mnd 18933 df-submnd 18988 df-mulg 19287 df-cntz 19540 df-cmn 20005 df-psmet 21679 df-xmet 21680 df-met 21681 df-bl 21682 df-mopn 21683 df-fbas 21684 df-fg 21685 df-cnfld 21688 df-top 23221 df-topon 23238 df-topsp 23260 df-bases 23273 df-cld 23346 df-ntr 23347 df-cls 23348 df-nei 23425 df-lp 23463 df-perf 23464 df-cn 23554 df-cnp 23555 df-haus 23642 df-cmp 23714 df-tx 23890 df-hmeo 24083 df-fil 24174 df-fm 24266 df-flim 24267 df-flf 24268 df-xms 24648 df-ms 24649 df-tms 24650 df-cncf 25208 df-limc 26195 df-dv 26196 df-log 26893 df-cxp 26894 |
| This theorem is used by: (None) |
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