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| Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > dfef2 | Structured version Visualization version GIF version | ||
| Description: The limit of the sequence (1 + 𝐴 / 𝑘)↑𝑘 as 𝑘 goes to +∞ is (exp‘𝐴). This is another common definition of e. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 1-Mar-2015.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| dfef2.1 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉) |
| dfef2.2 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) |
| dfef2.3 | ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐹‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| dfef2 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dfef2.2 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 2 | ax-1cn 11251 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ 1 ∈ ℂ | |
| 3 | simpl 488 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 4 | nncn 12336 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 5 | 4 | adantl 487 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℂ) |
| 6 | nnne0 12365 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ≠ 0) | |
| 7 | 6 | adantl 487 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ≠ 0) |
| 8 | 3, 5, 7 | divcld 12086 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐴 / 𝑥) ∈ ℂ) |
| 9 | addcl 11275 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((1 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐴 / 𝑥) ∈ ℂ) → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ) | |
| 10 | 2, 8, 9 | sylancr 599 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ) |
| 11 | nnnn0 12606 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 12 | 11 | adantl 487 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℕ0) |
| 13 | cxpexp 26989 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ0) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) | |
| 14 | 10, 12, 13 | syl2anc 596 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) |
| 15 | 14 | mpteq2dva 5198 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥)) = (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))) |
| 16 | nnrp 13125 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+) | |
| 17 | 16 | ssriv 3935 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ℕ ⊆ ℝ+ |
| 18 | 17 | a1i 11 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ℕ ⊆ ℝ+) |
| 19 | eqid 2761 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (0(ball‘(abs ∘ − ))(1 / ((abs‘𝐴) + 1))) = (0(ball‘(abs ∘ − ))(1 / ((abs‘𝐴) + 1))) | |
| 20 | 19 | efrlim 27290 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 21 | 18, 20 | rlimres2 15721 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 22 | 15, 21 | eqbrtrrd 5129 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 23 | nnuz 12997 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ℕ = (ℤ≥‘1) | |
| 24 | 1zzd 12720 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → 1 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 25 | 10, 12 | expcld 14282 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥) ∈ ℂ) |
| 26 | 25 | fmpttd 7113 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)):ℕ⟶ℂ) |
| 27 | 23, 24, 26 | rlimclim 15706 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴) ↔ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴))) |
| 28 | 22, 27 | mpbid 235 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 29 | 1, 28 | syl 18 | . 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 30 | nnex 12334 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ℕ ∈ V | |
| 31 | 30 | mptex 7227 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ∈ V |
| 32 | 31 | a1i 11 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ∈ V) |
| 33 | dfef2.1 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉) | |
| 34 | 1zzd 12720 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 35 | oveq2 7426 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → (𝐴 / 𝑥) = (𝐴 / 𝑘)) | |
| 36 | 35 | oveq2d 7434 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) = (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))) |
| 37 | id 23 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → 𝑥 = 𝑘) | |
| 38 | 36, 37 | oveq12d 7436 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| 39 | eqid 2761 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) = (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) | |
| 40 | ovex 7451 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘) ∈ V | |
| 41 | 38, 39, 40 | fvmpt 6991 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑘 ∈ ℕ → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| 42 | 41 | adantl 487 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| 43 | dfef2.3 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐹‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) | |
| 44 | 42, 43 | eqtr4d 2799 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = (𝐹‘𝑘)) |
| 45 | 23, 32, 33, 34, 44 | climeq 15727 | . 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴) ↔ 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴))) |
| 46 | 29, 45 | mpbid 235 | 1 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
| This proof depends on syntax axioms: → wi 4 ∧ wa 401 = wceq 1570 ∈ wcel 2145 ≠ wne 2956 Vcvv 3451 ⊆ wss 3899 class class class wbr 5103 ↦ cmpt 5186 ∘ ccom 5655 ‘cfv 6537 (class class class)co 7418 ℂcc 11191 0cc0 11193 1c1 11194 + caddc 11196 − cmin 11534 / cdiv 11966 ℕcn 12328 ℕ0cn0 12599 ℝ+crp 13113 ↑cexp 14197 abscabs 15394 ⇝ cli 15644 ⇝𝑟 crli 15645 expce 16220 ballcbl 21658 ↑𝑐ccxp 26876 |
| This proof depends on axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1828 ax-4 1842 ax-5 1943 ax-6 2000 ax-7 2041 ax-8 2147 ax-9 2155 ax-10 2178 ax-11 2194 ax-12 2213 ax-ext 2733 ax-rep 5232 ax-sep 5249 ax-nul 5260 ax-pow 5327 ax-pr 5391 ax-un 7749 ax-inf2 9635 ax-cnex 11249 ax-resscn 11250 ax-1cn 11251 ax-icn 11252 ax-addcl 11253 ax-addrcl 11254 ax-mulcl 11255 ax-mulrcl 11256 ax-mulcom 11257 ax-addass 11258 ax-mulass 11259 ax-distr 11260 ax-i2m1 11261 ax-1ne0 11262 ax-1rid 11263 ax-rnegex 11264 ax-rrecex 11265 ax-cnre 11266 ax-pre-lttri 11267 ax-pre-lttrn 11268 ax-pre-ltadd 11269 ax-pre-mulgt0 11270 ax-pre-sup 11271 ax-addf 11272 |
| This proof depends on definitions: df-bi 210 df-an 402 df-or 862 df-3or 1104 df-3an 1105 df-tru 1573 df-fal 1583 df-ex 1813 df-nf 1817 df-sb 2100 df-mo 2565 df-eu 2595 df-clab 2740 df-cleq 2753 df-clel 2836 df-nfc 2910 df-ne 2957 df-nel 3063 df-ral 3078 df-rex 3088 df-rmo 3366 df-reu 3367 df-rab 3414 df-v 3453 df-sbc 3740 df-csb 3848 df-dif 3902 df-un 3904 df-in 3906 df-ss 3916 df-pss 3919 df-nul 4280 df-if 4483 df-pw 4559 df-sn 4585 df-pr 4587 df-tp 4589 df-op 4591 df-uni 4868 df-int 4908 df-iun 4953 df-iin 4954 df-br 5104 df-opab 5168 df-mpt 5187 df-tr 5213 df-id 5546 df-eprel 5551 df-po 5559 df-so 5560 df-fr 5604 df-se 5605 df-we 5606 df-xp 5657 df-rel 5658 df-cnv 5659 df-co 5660 df-dm 5661 df-rn 5662 df-res 5663 df-ima 5664 df-pred 6303 df-ord 6364 df-on 6365 df-lim 6366 df-suc 6367 df-iota 6493 df-fun 6539 df-fn 6540 df-f 6541 df-f1 6542 df-fo 6543 df-f1o 6544 df-fv 6545 df-isom 6546 df-riota 7375 df-ov 7421 df-oprab 7422 df-mpo 7423 df-of 7691 df-om 7876 df-1st 7999 df-2nd 8000 df-supp 8171 df-frecs 8292 df-wrecs 8323 df-recs 8372 df-rdg 8411 df-1o 8469 df-2o 8470 df-er 8710 df-map 8842 df-pm 8843 df-ixp 8919 df-en 8967 df-dom 8968 df-sdom 8969 df-fin 8970 df-fsupp 9347 df-fi 9396 df-sup 9427 df-inf 9428 df-oi 9497 df-card 10013 df-pnf 11338 df-mnf 11339 df-xr 11340 df-ltxr 11341 df-le 11342 df-sub 11536 df-neg 11537 df-div 11967 df-nn 12329 df-2 12398 df-3 12399 df-4 12400 df-5 12401 df-6 12402 df-7 12403 df-8 12404 df-9 12405 df-n0 12600 df-z 12687 df-dec 12808 df-uz 12959 df-q 13069 df-rp 13114 df-xneg 13234 df-xadd 13235 df-xmul 13236 df-ioo 13473 df-ioc 13474 df-ico 13475 df-icc 13476 df-fz 13633 df-fzo 13782 df-fl 13925 df-mod 14003 df-seq 14138 df-exp 14198 df-fac 14411 df-bc 14440 df-hash 14468 df-shft 15213 df-cj 15259 df-re 15260 df-im 15261 df-sqrt 15395 df-abs 15396 df-limsup 15631 df-clim 15648 df-rlim 15649 df-sum 15847 df-ef 16226 df-sin 16228 df-cos 16229 df-tan 16230 df-pi 16231 df-struct 17318 df-sets 17335 df-slot 17353 df-ndx 17365 df-base 17381 df-ress 17402 df-plusg 17434 df-mulr 17435 df-starv 17436 df-sca 17437 df-vsca 17438 df-ip 17439 df-tset 17440 df-ple 17441 df-ds 17443 df-unif 17444 df-hom 17445 df-cco 17446 df-rest 17586 df-topn 17587 df-0g 17605 df-gsum 17606 df-topgen 17607 df-pt 17608 df-prds 17611 df-xrs 17667 df-qtop 17672 df-imas 17673 df-xps 17675 df-mre 17749 df-mrc 17750 df-acs 17752 df-mgm 18809 df-sgrp 18901 df-mnd 18917 df-submnd 18972 df-mulg 19271 df-cntz 19524 df-cmn 19989 df-psmet 21663 df-xmet 21664 df-met 21665 df-bl 21666 df-mopn 21667 df-fbas 21668 df-fg 21669 df-cnfld 21672 df-top 23205 df-topon 23222 df-topsp 23244 df-bases 23257 df-cld 23330 df-ntr 23331 df-cls 23332 df-nei 23409 df-lp 23447 df-perf 23448 df-cn 23538 df-cnp 23539 df-haus 23626 df-cmp 23698 df-tx 23874 df-hmeo 24067 df-fil 24158 df-fm 24250 df-flim 24251 df-flf 24252 df-xms 24632 df-ms 24633 df-tms 24634 df-cncf 25192 df-limc 26179 df-dv 26180 df-log 26877 df-cxp 26878 |
| This theorem is used by: (None) |
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