dfef2 - Metamath Proof Explorer

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Theorem dfef2 27022

Description: The limit of the sequence (1 + 𝐴 / 𝑘)↑𝑘 as 𝑘 goes to +∞ is (exp‘𝐴). This is another common definition of e. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 1-Mar-2015.)

**Hypotheses**
Ref	Expression
dfef2.1	⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)
dfef2.2	⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)
dfef2.3	⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐹‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘))

**Assertion**
Ref	Expression
dfef2	⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴))

Distinct variable groups: 𝐴,𝑘 𝑘,𝐹 𝜑,𝑘 Allowed substitution hint: 𝑉(𝑘)

Proof of Theorem dfef2 Dummy variable 𝑥 is distinct from all other variables.

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		dfef2.2	. . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)
2		ax-1cn 11124	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ 1 ∈ ℂ
3		simpl 486	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)
4		nncn 12211	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℂ)
5	4	adantl 485	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℂ)
6		nnne0 12240	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ≠ 0)
7	6	adantl 485	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ≠ 0)
8	3, 5, 7	divcld 11960	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐴 / 𝑥) ∈ ℂ)
9		addcl 11148	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((1 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐴 / 𝑥) ∈ ℂ) → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ)
10	2, 8, 9	sylancr 596	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ)
11		nnnn0 12481	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℕ₀)
12	11	adantl 485	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℕ₀)
13		cxpexp 26720	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ₀) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑_𝑐𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))
14	10, 12, 13	syl2anc 593	. . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑_𝑐𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))
15	14	mpteq2dva 5190	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑_𝑐𝑥)) = (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)))
16		nnrp 12998	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℝ⁺)
17	16	ssriv 3938	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ ℕ ⊆ ℝ⁺
18	17	a1i 11	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ℕ ⊆ ℝ⁺)
19		eqid 2761	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (0(ball‘(abs ∘ − ))(1 / ((abs‘𝐴) + 1))) = (0(ball‘(abs ∘ − ))(1 / ((abs‘𝐴) + 1)))
20	19	efrlim 27021	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℝ⁺ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑_𝑐𝑥)) ⇝_𝑟 (exp‘𝐴))
21	18, 20	rlimres2 15578	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑_𝑐𝑥)) ⇝_𝑟 (exp‘𝐴))
22	15, 21	eqbrtrrd 5121	. . . 4 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝_𝑟 (exp‘𝐴))
23		nnuz 12871	. . . . 5 ⊢ ℕ = (ℤ_≥‘1)
24		1zzd 12595	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → 1 ∈ ℤ)
25	10, 12	expcld 14152	. . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥) ∈ ℂ)
26	25	fmpttd 7090	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)):ℕ⟶ℂ)
27	23, 24, 26	rlimclim 15563	. . . 4 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝_𝑟 (exp‘𝐴) ↔ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)))
28	22, 27	mpbid 234	. . 3 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴))
29	1, 28	syl 17	. 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴))
30		nnex 12209	. . . . 5 ⊢ ℕ ∈ V
31	30	mptex 7201	. . . 4 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ∈ V
32	31	a1i 11	. . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ∈ V)
33		dfef2.1	. . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)
34		1zzd 12595	. . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 ∈ ℤ)
35		oveq2 7398	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → (𝐴 / 𝑥) = (𝐴 / 𝑘))
36	35	oveq2d 7406	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) = (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘)))
37		id 22	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → 𝑥 = 𝑘)
38	36, 37	oveq12d 7408	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘))
39		eqid 2761	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) = (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))
40		ovex 7423	. . . . . 6 ⊢ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘) ∈ V
41	38, 39, 40	fvmpt 6969	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑘 ∈ ℕ → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘))
42	41	adantl 485	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘))
43		dfef2.3	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐹‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘))
44	42, 43	eqtr4d 2799	. . 3 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = (𝐹‘𝑘))
45	23, 32, 33, 34, 44	climeq 15584	. 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴) ↔ 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)))
46	29, 45	mpbid 234	1 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴))

Colors of variables: wff setvar class

Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 399 = wceq 1559 ∈ wcel 2141 ≠ wne 2956 Vcvv 3453 ⊆ wss 3902 class class class wbr 5097 ↦ cmpt 5178 ∘ ccom 5647 ‘cfv 6515 (class class class)co 7390 ℂcc 11064 0cc0 11066 1c1 11067 + caddc 11069 − cmin 11407 / cdiv 11837 ℕcn 12203 ℕ₀cn0 12474 ℝ⁺crp 12986 ↑cexp 14067 abscabs 15251 ⇝ cli 15501 ⇝_𝑟 crli 15502 expce 16081 ballcbl 21398 ↑_𝑐ccxp 26607

This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1814 ax-4 1828 ax-5 1929 ax-6 1986 ax-7 2027 ax-8 2143 ax-9 2151 ax-10 2174 ax-11 2190 ax-12 2211 ax-ext 2733 ax-rep 5224 ax-sep 5243 ax-nul 5253 ax-pow 5319 ax-pr 5387 ax-un 7712 ax-inf2 9589 ax-cnex 11122 ax-resscn 11123 ax-1cn 11124 ax-icn 11125 ax-addcl 11126 ax-addrcl 11127 ax-mulcl 11128 ax-mulrcl 11129 ax-mulcom 11130 ax-addass 11131 ax-mulass 11132 ax-distr 11133 ax-i2m1 11134 ax-1ne0 11135 ax-1rid 11136 ax-rnegex 11137 ax-rrecex 11138 ax-cnre 11139 ax-pre-lttri 11140 ax-pre-lttrn 11141 ax-pre-ltadd 11142 ax-pre-mulgt0 11143 ax-pre-sup 11144 ax-addf 11145

This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 209 df-an 400 df-or 859 df-3or 1098 df-3an 1099 df-tru 1562 df-fal 1572 df-ex 1799 df-nf 1803 df-sb 2090 df-mo 2565 df-eu 2595 df-clab 2740 df-cleq 2753 df-clel 2836 df-nfc 2910 df-ne 2957 df-nel 3061 df-ral 3076 df-rex 3086 df-rmo 3366 df-reu 3367 df-rab 3414 df-v 3455 df-sbc 3743 df-csb 3851 df-dif 3905 df-un 3907 df-in 3909 df-ss 3919 df-pss 3922 df-nul 4284 df-if 4478 df-pw 4554 df-sn 4580 df-pr 4582 df-tp 4584 df-op 4586 df-uni 4863 df-int 4903 df-iun 4948 df-iin 4949 df-br 5098 df-opab 5160 df-mpt 5179 df-tr 5205 df-id 5538 df-eprel 5543 df-po 5551 df-so 5552 df-fr 5596 df-se 5597 df-we 5598 df-xp 5649 df-rel 5650 df-cnv 5651 df-co 5652 df-dm 5653 df-rn 5654 df-res 5655 df-ima 5656 df-pred 6282 df-ord 6343 df-on 6344 df-lim 6345 df-suc 6346 df-iota 6471 df-fun 6517 df-fn 6518 df-f 6519 df-f1 6520 df-fo 6521 df-f1o 6522 df-fv 6523 df-isom 6524 df-riota 7347 df-ov 7393 df-oprab 7394 df-mpo 7395 df-of 7654 df-om 7841 df-1st 7964 df-2nd 7965 df-supp 8134 df-frecs 8255 df-wrecs 8286 df-recs 8335 df-rdg 8374 df-1o 8430 df-2o 8431 df-er 8671 df-map 8803 df-pm 8804 df-ixp 8873 df-en 8921 df-dom 8922 df-sdom 8923 df-fin 8924 df-fsupp 9301 df-fi 9350 df-sup 9381 df-inf 9382 df-oi 9451 df-card 9890 df-pnf 11211 df-mnf 11212 df-xr 11213 df-ltxr 11214 df-le 11215 df-sub 11409 df-neg 11410 df-div 11838 df-nn 12204 df-2 12273 df-3 12274 df-4 12275 df-5 12276 df-6 12277 df-7 12278 df-8 12279 df-9 12280 df-n0 12475 df-z 12562 df-dec 12682 df-uz 12833 df-q 12943 df-rp 12987 df-xneg 13107 df-xadd 13108 df-xmul 13109 df-ioo 13346 df-ioc 13347 df-ico 13348 df-icc 13349 df-fz 13506 df-fzo 13653 df-fl 13795 df-mod 13873 df-seq 14008 df-exp 14068 df-fac 14280 df-bc 14309 df-hash 14337 df-shft 15073 df-cj 15116 df-re 15117 df-im 15118 df-sqrt 15252 df-abs 15253 df-limsup 15488 df-clim 15505 df-rlim 15506 df-sum 15704 df-ef 16087 df-sin 16089 df-cos 16090 df-tan 16091 df-pi 16092 df-struct 17173 df-sets 17190 df-slot 17208 df-ndx 17220 df-base 17236 df-ress 17257 df-plusg 17289 df-mulr 17290 df-starv 17291 df-sca 17292 df-vsca 17293 df-ip 17294 df-tset 17295 df-ple 17296 df-ds 17298 df-unif 17299 df-hom 17300 df-cco 17301 df-rest 17441 df-topn 17442 df-0g 17460 df-gsum 17461 df-topgen 17462 df-pt 17463 df-prds 17466 df-xrs 17522 df-qtop 17527 df-imas 17528 df-xps 17530 df-mre 17604 df-mrc 17605 df-acs 17607 df-mgm 18664 df-sgrp 18743 df-mnd 18759 df-submnd 18808 df-mulg 19100 df-cntz 19347 df-cmn 19812 df-psmet 21403 df-xmet 21404 df-met 21405 df-bl 21406 df-mopn 21407 df-fbas 21408 df-fg 21409 df-cnfld 21412 df-top 22941 df-topon 22958 df-topsp 22980 df-bases 22993 df-cld 23066 df-ntr 23067 df-cls 23068 df-nei 23145 df-lp 23183 df-perf 23184 df-cn 23274 df-cnp 23275 df-haus 23362 df-cmp 23434 df-tx 23609 df-hmeo 23802 df-fil 23893 df-fm 23985 df-flim 23986 df-flf 23987 df-xms 24367 df-ms 24368 df-tms 24369 df-cncf 24927 df-limc 25915 df-dv 25916 df-log 26608 df-cxp 26609

This theorem is referenced by: (None)

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