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| Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > dfef2 | Structured version Visualization version GIF version | ||
| Description: The limit of the sequence (1 + 𝐴 / 𝑘)↑𝑘 as 𝑘 goes to +∞ is (exp‘𝐴). This is another common definition of e. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 1-Mar-2015.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| dfef2.1 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉) |
| dfef2.2 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) |
| dfef2.3 | ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐹‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| dfef2 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dfef2.2 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 2 | ax-1cn 11169 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ 1 ∈ ℂ | |
| 3 | simpl 488 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 4 | nncn 12252 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 5 | 4 | adantl 487 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℂ) |
| 6 | nnne0 12281 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ≠ 0) | |
| 7 | 6 | adantl 487 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ≠ 0) |
| 8 | 3, 5, 7 | divcld 12002 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐴 / 𝑥) ∈ ℂ) |
| 9 | addcl 11193 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((1 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐴 / 𝑥) ∈ ℂ) → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ) | |
| 10 | 2, 8, 9 | sylancr 599 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ) |
| 11 | nnnn0 12522 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 12 | 11 | adantl 487 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℕ0) |
| 13 | cxpexp 26864 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ0) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) | |
| 14 | 10, 12, 13 | syl2anc 596 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) |
| 15 | 14 | mpteq2dva 5206 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥)) = (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))) |
| 16 | nnrp 13040 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+) | |
| 17 | 16 | ssriv 3942 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ℕ ⊆ ℝ+ |
| 18 | 17 | a1i 11 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ℕ ⊆ ℝ+) |
| 19 | eqid 2765 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (0(ball‘(abs ∘ − ))(1 / ((abs‘𝐴) + 1))) = (0(ball‘(abs ∘ − ))(1 / ((abs‘𝐴) + 1))) | |
| 20 | 19 | efrlim 27165 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 21 | 18, 20 | rlimres2 15632 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 22 | 15, 21 | eqbrtrrd 5137 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 23 | nnuz 12913 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ℕ = (ℤ≥‘1) | |
| 24 | 1zzd 12636 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → 1 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 25 | 10, 12 | expcld 14196 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥) ∈ ℂ) |
| 26 | 25 | fmpttd 7114 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)):ℕ⟶ℂ) |
| 27 | 23, 24, 26 | rlimclim 15617 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴) ↔ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴))) |
| 28 | 22, 27 | mpbid 235 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 29 | 1, 28 | syl 18 | . 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 30 | nnex 12250 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ℕ ∈ V | |
| 31 | 30 | mptex 7225 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ∈ V |
| 32 | 31 | a1i 11 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ∈ V) |
| 33 | dfef2.1 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉) | |
| 34 | 1zzd 12636 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 35 | oveq2 7424 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → (𝐴 / 𝑥) = (𝐴 / 𝑘)) | |
| 36 | 35 | oveq2d 7432 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) = (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))) |
| 37 | id 23 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → 𝑥 = 𝑘) | |
| 38 | 36, 37 | oveq12d 7434 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| 39 | eqid 2765 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) = (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) | |
| 40 | ovex 7449 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘) ∈ V | |
| 41 | 38, 39, 40 | fvmpt 6993 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑘 ∈ ℕ → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| 42 | 41 | adantl 487 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| 43 | dfef2.3 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐹‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) | |
| 44 | 42, 43 | eqtr4d 2803 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = (𝐹‘𝑘)) |
| 45 | 23, 32, 33, 34, 44 | climeq 15638 | . 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴) ↔ 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴))) |
| 46 | 29, 45 | mpbid 235 | 1 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
| This proof depends on syntax axioms: → wi 4 ∧ wa 401 = wceq 1570 ∈ wcel 2146 ≠ wne 2960 Vcvv 3457 ⊆ wss 3906 class class class wbr 5111 ↦ cmpt 5194 ∘ ccom 5667 ‘cfv 6540 (class class class)co 7416 ℂcc 11109 0cc0 11111 1c1 11112 + caddc 11114 − cmin 11452 / cdiv 11882 ℕcn 12244 ℕ0cn0 12515 ℝ+crp 13028 ↑cexp 14111 abscabs 15305 ⇝ cli 15555 ⇝𝑟 crli 15556 expce 16133 ballcbl 21539 ↑𝑐ccxp 26751 |
| This proof depends on axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1828 ax-4 1842 ax-5 1943 ax-6 2000 ax-7 2041 ax-8 2148 ax-9 2156 ax-10 2179 ax-11 2195 ax-12 2216 ax-ext 2737 ax-rep 5240 ax-sep 5259 ax-nul 5271 ax-pow 5338 ax-pr 5406 ax-un 7738 ax-inf2 9613 ax-cnex 11167 ax-resscn 11168 ax-1cn 11169 ax-icn 11170 ax-addcl 11171 ax-addrcl 11172 ax-mulcl 11173 ax-mulrcl 11174 ax-mulcom 11175 ax-addass 11176 ax-mulass 11177 ax-distr 11178 ax-i2m1 11179 ax-1ne0 11180 ax-1rid 11181 ax-rnegex 11182 ax-rrecex 11183 ax-cnre 11184 ax-pre-lttri 11185 ax-pre-lttrn 11186 ax-pre-ltadd 11187 ax-pre-mulgt0 11188 ax-pre-sup 11189 ax-addf 11190 |
| This proof depends on definitions: df-bi 210 df-an 402 df-or 862 df-3or 1104 df-3an 1105 df-tru 1573 df-fal 1583 df-ex 1813 df-nf 1817 df-sb 2100 df-mo 2569 df-eu 2599 df-clab 2744 df-cleq 2757 df-clel 2840 df-nfc 2914 df-ne 2961 df-nel 3067 df-ral 3082 df-rex 3092 df-rmo 3371 df-reu 3372 df-rab 3419 df-v 3459 df-sbc 3747 df-csb 3855 df-dif 3909 df-un 3911 df-in 3913 df-ss 3923 df-pss 3926 df-nul 4287 df-if 4490 df-pw 4566 df-sn 4592 df-pr 4594 df-tp 4596 df-op 4598 df-uni 4875 df-int 4915 df-iun 4960 df-iin 4961 df-br 5112 df-opab 5176 df-mpt 5195 df-tr 5221 df-id 5558 df-eprel 5563 df-po 5571 df-so 5572 df-fr 5616 df-se 5617 df-we 5618 df-xp 5669 df-rel 5670 df-cnv 5671 df-co 5672 df-dm 5673 df-rn 5674 df-res 5675 df-ima 5676 df-pred 6306 df-ord 6367 df-on 6368 df-lim 6369 df-suc 6370 df-iota 6496 df-fun 6542 df-fn 6543 df-f 6544 df-f1 6545 df-fo 6546 df-f1o 6547 df-fv 6548 df-isom 6549 df-riota 7373 df-ov 7419 df-oprab 7420 df-mpo 7421 df-of 7680 df-om 7865 df-1st 7988 df-2nd 7989 df-supp 8159 df-frecs 8280 df-wrecs 8311 df-recs 8360 df-rdg 8399 df-1o 8455 df-2o 8456 df-er 8696 df-map 8828 df-pm 8829 df-ixp 8898 df-en 8946 df-dom 8947 df-sdom 8948 df-fin 8949 df-fsupp 9325 df-fi 9374 df-sup 9405 df-inf 9406 df-oi 9475 df-card 9937 df-pnf 11256 df-mnf 11257 df-xr 11258 df-ltxr 11259 df-le 11260 df-sub 11454 df-neg 11455 df-div 11883 df-nn 12245 df-2 12314 df-3 12315 df-4 12316 df-5 12317 df-6 12318 df-7 12319 df-8 12320 df-9 12321 df-n0 12516 df-z 12603 df-dec 12724 df-uz 12875 df-q 12985 df-rp 13029 df-xneg 13149 df-xadd 13150 df-xmul 13151 df-ioo 13388 df-ioc 13389 df-ico 13390 df-icc 13391 df-fz 13548 df-fzo 13696 df-fl 13839 df-mod 13917 df-seq 14052 df-exp 14112 df-fac 14324 df-bc 14353 df-hash 14381 df-shft 15124 df-cj 15170 df-re 15171 df-im 15172 df-sqrt 15306 df-abs 15307 df-limsup 15542 df-clim 15559 df-rlim 15560 df-sum 15758 df-ef 16139 df-sin 16141 df-cos 16142 df-tan 16143 df-pi 16144 df-struct 17225 df-sets 17242 df-slot 17260 df-ndx 17272 df-base 17288 df-ress 17309 df-plusg 17341 df-mulr 17342 df-starv 17343 df-sca 17344 df-vsca 17345 df-ip 17346 df-tset 17347 df-ple 17348 df-ds 17350 df-unif 17351 df-hom 17352 df-cco 17353 df-rest 17493 df-topn 17494 df-0g 17512 df-gsum 17513 df-topgen 17514 df-pt 17515 df-prds 17518 df-xrs 17574 df-qtop 17579 df-imas 17580 df-xps 17582 df-mre 17656 df-mrc 17657 df-acs 17659 df-mgm 18716 df-sgrp 18799 df-mnd 18815 df-submnd 18866 df-mulg 19158 df-cntz 19411 df-cmn 19876 df-psmet 21544 df-xmet 21545 df-met 21546 df-bl 21547 df-mopn 21548 df-fbas 21549 df-fg 21550 df-cnfld 21553 df-top 23081 df-topon 23098 df-topsp 23120 df-bases 23133 df-cld 23206 df-ntr 23207 df-cls 23208 df-nei 23285 df-lp 23323 df-perf 23324 df-cn 23414 df-cnp 23415 df-haus 23502 df-cmp 23574 df-tx 23750 df-hmeo 23943 df-fil 24034 df-fm 24126 df-flim 24127 df-flf 24128 df-xms 24508 df-ms 24509 df-tms 24510 df-cncf 25068 df-limc 26056 df-dv 26057 df-log 26752 df-cxp 26753 |
| This theorem is used by: (None) |
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