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| Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > dfef2 | Structured version Visualization version GIF version | ||
| Description: The limit of the sequence (1 + 𝐴 / 𝑘)↑𝑘 as 𝑘 goes to +∞ is (exp‘𝐴). This is another common definition of e. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 1-Mar-2015.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| dfef2.1 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉) |
| dfef2.2 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) |
| dfef2.3 | ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐹‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| dfef2 | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dfef2.2 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 2 | ax-1cn 11186 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ 1 ∈ ℂ | |
| 3 | simpl 488 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 4 | nncn 12269 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℂ) | |
| 5 | 4 | adantl 487 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℂ) |
| 6 | nnne0 12298 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ≠ 0) | |
| 7 | 6 | adantl 487 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ≠ 0) |
| 8 | 3, 5, 7 | divcld 12019 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐴 / 𝑥) ∈ ℂ) |
| 9 | addcl 11210 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((1 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐴 / 𝑥) ∈ ℂ) → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ) | |
| 10 | 2, 8, 9 | sylancr 599 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ) |
| 11 | nnnn0 12539 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℕ0) | |
| 12 | 11 | adantl 487 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℕ0) |
| 13 | cxpexp 26913 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ0) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) | |
| 14 | 10, 12, 13 | syl2anc 596 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) |
| 15 | 14 | mpteq2dva 5202 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥)) = (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))) |
| 16 | nnrp 13058 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ → 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+) | |
| 17 | 16 | ssriv 3938 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ℕ ⊆ ℝ+ |
| 18 | 17 | a1i 11 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ℕ ⊆ ℝ+) |
| 19 | eqid 2762 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (0(ball‘(abs ∘ − ))(1 / ((abs‘𝐴) + 1))) = (0(ball‘(abs ∘ − ))(1 / ((abs‘𝐴) + 1))) | |
| 20 | 19 | efrlim 27214 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 21 | 18, 20 | rlimres2 15652 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑐𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 22 | 15, 21 | eqbrtrrd 5133 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 23 | nnuz 12930 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ℕ = (ℤ≥‘1) | |
| 24 | 1zzd 12653 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → 1 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 25 | 10, 12 | expcld 14214 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℕ) → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥) ∈ ℂ) |
| 26 | 25 | fmpttd 7112 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)):ℕ⟶ℂ) |
| 27 | 23, 24, 26 | rlimclim 15637 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝𝑟 (exp‘𝐴) ↔ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴))) |
| 28 | 22, 27 | mpbid 235 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 29 | 1, 28 | syl 18 | . 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| 30 | nnex 12267 | . . . . 5 ⊢ ℕ ∈ V | |
| 31 | 30 | mptex 7226 | . . . 4 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ∈ V |
| 32 | 31 | a1i 11 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ∈ V) |
| 33 | dfef2.1 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉) | |
| 34 | 1zzd 12653 | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 ∈ ℤ) | |
| 35 | oveq2 7425 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → (𝐴 / 𝑥) = (𝐴 / 𝑘)) | |
| 36 | 35 | oveq2d 7433 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥)) = (1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))) |
| 37 | id 23 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → 𝑥 = 𝑘) | |
| 38 | 36, 37 | oveq12d 7435 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑘 → ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| 39 | eqid 2762 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) = (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) | |
| 40 | ovex 7450 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘) ∈ V | |
| 41 | 38, 39, 40 | fvmpt 6990 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑘 ∈ ℕ → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| 42 | 41 | adantl 487 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) |
| 43 | dfef2.3 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐹‘𝑘) = ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑘))↑𝑘)) | |
| 44 | 42, 43 | eqtr4d 2800 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥))‘𝑘) = (𝐹‘𝑘)) |
| 45 | 23, 32, 33, 34, 44 | climeq 15658 | . 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((1 + (𝐴 / 𝑥))↑𝑥)) ⇝ (exp‘𝐴) ↔ 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴))) |
| 46 | 29, 45 | mpbid 235 | 1 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ (exp‘𝐴)) |
| Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
| This proof depends on syntax axioms: → wi 4 ∧ wa 401 = wceq 1570 ∈ wcel 2145 ≠ wne 2957 Vcvv 3453 ⊆ wss 3902 class class class wbr 5107 ↦ cmpt 5190 ∘ ccom 5663 ‘cfv 6537 (class class class)co 7417 ℂcc 11126 0cc0 11128 1c1 11129 + caddc 11131 − cmin 11469 / cdiv 11899 ℕcn 12261 ℕ0cn0 12532 ℝ+crp 13046 ↑cexp 14129 abscabs 15325 ⇝ cli 15575 ⇝𝑟 crli 15576 expce 16153 ballcbl 21578 ↑𝑐ccxp 26800 |
| This proof depends on axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1828 ax-4 1842 ax-5 1943 ax-6 2000 ax-7 2041 ax-8 2147 ax-9 2155 ax-10 2178 ax-11 2194 ax-12 2215 ax-ext 2734 ax-rep 5236 ax-sep 5255 ax-nul 5267 ax-pow 5334 ax-pr 5402 ax-un 7740 ax-inf2 9624 ax-cnex 11184 ax-resscn 11185 ax-1cn 11186 ax-icn 11187 ax-addcl 11188 ax-addrcl 11189 ax-mulcl 11190 ax-mulrcl 11191 ax-mulcom 11192 ax-addass 11193 ax-mulass 11194 ax-distr 11195 ax-i2m1 11196 ax-1ne0 11197 ax-1rid 11198 ax-rnegex 11199 ax-rrecex 11200 ax-cnre 11201 ax-pre-lttri 11202 ax-pre-lttrn 11203 ax-pre-ltadd 11204 ax-pre-mulgt0 11205 ax-pre-sup 11206 ax-addf 11207 |
| This proof depends on definitions: df-bi 210 df-an 402 df-or 862 df-3or 1104 df-3an 1105 df-tru 1573 df-fal 1583 df-ex 1813 df-nf 1817 df-sb 2100 df-mo 2566 df-eu 2596 df-clab 2741 df-cleq 2754 df-clel 2837 df-nfc 2911 df-ne 2958 df-nel 3064 df-ral 3079 df-rex 3089 df-rmo 3367 df-reu 3368 df-rab 3415 df-v 3455 df-sbc 3743 df-csb 3851 df-dif 3905 df-un 3907 df-in 3909 df-ss 3919 df-pss 3922 df-nul 4283 df-if 4486 df-pw 4562 df-sn 4588 df-pr 4590 df-tp 4592 df-op 4594 df-uni 4871 df-int 4911 df-iun 4956 df-iin 4957 df-br 5108 df-opab 5172 df-mpt 5191 df-tr 5217 df-id 5554 df-eprel 5559 df-po 5567 df-so 5568 df-fr 5612 df-se 5613 df-we 5614 df-xp 5665 df-rel 5666 df-cnv 5667 df-co 5668 df-dm 5669 df-rn 5670 df-res 5671 df-ima 5672 df-pred 6303 df-ord 6364 df-on 6365 df-lim 6366 df-suc 6367 df-iota 6493 df-fun 6539 df-fn 6540 df-f 6541 df-f1 6542 df-fo 6543 df-f1o 6544 df-fv 6545 df-isom 6546 df-riota 7374 df-ov 7420 df-oprab 7421 df-mpo 7422 df-of 7682 df-om 7867 df-1st 7990 df-2nd 7991 df-supp 8163 df-frecs 8284 df-wrecs 8315 df-recs 8364 df-rdg 8403 df-1o 8459 df-2o 8460 df-er 8700 df-map 8832 df-pm 8833 df-ixp 8909 df-en 8957 df-dom 8958 df-sdom 8959 df-fin 8960 df-fsupp 9336 df-fi 9385 df-sup 9416 df-inf 9417 df-oi 9486 df-card 9948 df-pnf 11273 df-mnf 11274 df-xr 11275 df-ltxr 11276 df-le 11277 df-sub 11471 df-neg 11472 df-div 11900 df-nn 12262 df-2 12331 df-3 12332 df-4 12333 df-5 12334 df-6 12335 df-7 12336 df-8 12337 df-9 12338 df-n0 12533 df-z 12620 df-dec 12741 df-uz 12892 df-q 13002 df-rp 13047 df-xneg 13167 df-xadd 13168 df-xmul 13169 df-ioo 13406 df-ioc 13407 df-ico 13408 df-icc 13409 df-fz 13566 df-fzo 13714 df-fl 13857 df-mod 13935 df-seq 14070 df-exp 14130 df-fac 14342 df-bc 14371 df-hash 14399 df-shft 15144 df-cj 15190 df-re 15191 df-im 15192 df-sqrt 15326 df-abs 15327 df-limsup 15562 df-clim 15579 df-rlim 15580 df-sum 15778 df-ef 16159 df-sin 16161 df-cos 16162 df-tan 16163 df-pi 16164 df-struct 17245 df-sets 17262 df-slot 17280 df-ndx 17292 df-base 17308 df-ress 17329 df-plusg 17361 df-mulr 17362 df-starv 17363 df-sca 17364 df-vsca 17365 df-ip 17366 df-tset 17367 df-ple 17368 df-ds 17370 df-unif 17371 df-hom 17372 df-cco 17373 df-rest 17513 df-topn 17514 df-0g 17532 df-gsum 17533 df-topgen 17534 df-pt 17535 df-prds 17538 df-xrs 17594 df-qtop 17599 df-imas 17600 df-xps 17602 df-mre 17676 df-mrc 17677 df-acs 17679 df-mgm 18736 df-sgrp 18827 df-mnd 18843 df-submnd 18898 df-mulg 19197 df-cntz 19450 df-cmn 19915 df-psmet 21583 df-xmet 21584 df-met 21585 df-bl 21586 df-mopn 21587 df-fbas 21588 df-fg 21589 df-cnfld 21592 df-top 23125 df-topon 23142 df-topsp 23164 df-bases 23177 df-cld 23250 df-ntr 23251 df-cls 23252 df-nei 23329 df-lp 23367 df-perf 23368 df-cn 23458 df-cnp 23459 df-haus 23546 df-cmp 23618 df-tx 23794 df-hmeo 23987 df-fil 24078 df-fm 24170 df-flim 24171 df-flf 24172 df-xms 24552 df-ms 24553 df-tms 24554 df-cncf 25112 df-limc 26100 df-dv 26101 df-log 26801 df-cxp 26802 |
| This theorem is used by: (None) |
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