taylth - Metamath Proof Explorer

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Theorem taylth 26404

Description: Taylor's theorem. The Taylor polynomial of a 𝑁-times differentiable function is such that the error term goes to zero faster than (𝑥 − 𝐵)↑𝑁. This is Metamath 100 proof #35. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 1-Jan-2017.)

**Hypotheses**
Ref	Expression
taylth.f	⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐴⟶ℝ)
taylth.a	⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℝ)
taylth.d	⊢ (𝜑 → dom ((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘𝑁) = 𝐴)
taylth.n	⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ)
taylth.b	⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴)
taylth.t	⊢ 𝑇 = (𝑁(ℝ Tayl 𝐹)𝐵)
taylth.r	⊢ 𝑅 = (𝑥 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}) ↦ (((𝐹‘𝑥) − (𝑇‘𝑥)) / ((𝑥 − 𝐵)↑𝑁)))

**Assertion**
Ref	Expression
taylth	⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ∈ (𝑅 lim_ℂ 𝐵))

Distinct variable groups: 𝑥,𝐴 𝑥,𝐵 𝑥,𝐹 𝑥,𝑇 𝑥,𝑁 𝜑,𝑥 Allowed substitution hint: 𝑅(𝑥)

Proof of Theorem taylth Dummy variables 𝑚 𝑦 are mutually distinct and distinct from all other variables.

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		reelprrecn 11250	. . 3 ⊢ ℝ ∈ {ℝ, ℂ}
2	1	a1i 11	. 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → ℝ ∈ {ℝ, ℂ})
3		taylth.f	. . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐴⟶ℝ)
4		ax-resscn 11215	. . 3 ⊢ ℝ ⊆ ℂ
5		fss 6744	. . 3 ⊢ ((𝐹:𝐴⟶ℝ ∧ ℝ ⊆ ℂ) → 𝐹:𝐴⟶ℂ)
6	3, 4, 5	sylancl 584	. 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐴⟶ℂ)
7		taylth.a	. 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℝ)
8		taylth.d	. 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → dom ((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘𝑁) = 𝐴)
9		taylth.n	. 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ)
10		taylth.b	. 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴)
11		taylth.t	. 2 ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝑁(ℝ Tayl 𝐹)𝐵)
12		taylth.r	. 2 ⊢ 𝑅 = (𝑥 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}) ↦ (((𝐹‘𝑥) − (𝑇‘𝑥)) / ((𝑥 − 𝐵)↑𝑁)))
13	3	adantr 479	. . 3 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑚 ∈ (1..^𝑁) ∧ 0 ∈ ((𝑦 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}) ↦ (((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦)) / ((𝑦 − 𝐵)↑𝑚))) lim_ℂ 𝐵))) → 𝐹:𝐴⟶ℝ)
14	7	adantr 479	. . 3 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑚 ∈ (1..^𝑁) ∧ 0 ∈ ((𝑦 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}) ↦ (((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦)) / ((𝑦 − 𝐵)↑𝑚))) lim_ℂ 𝐵))) → 𝐴 ⊆ ℝ)
15	8	adantr 479	. . 3 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑚 ∈ (1..^𝑁) ∧ 0 ∈ ((𝑦 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}) ↦ (((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦)) / ((𝑦 − 𝐵)↑𝑚))) lim_ℂ 𝐵))) → dom ((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘𝑁) = 𝐴)
16	9	adantr 479	. . 3 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑚 ∈ (1..^𝑁) ∧ 0 ∈ ((𝑦 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}) ↦ (((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦)) / ((𝑦 − 𝐵)↑𝑚))) lim_ℂ 𝐵))) → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ)
17	10	adantr 479	. . 3 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑚 ∈ (1..^𝑁) ∧ 0 ∈ ((𝑦 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}) ↦ (((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦)) / ((𝑦 − 𝐵)↑𝑚))) lim_ℂ 𝐵))) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴)
18		simprl 769	. . 3 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑚 ∈ (1..^𝑁) ∧ 0 ∈ ((𝑦 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}) ↦ (((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦)) / ((𝑦 − 𝐵)↑𝑚))) lim_ℂ 𝐵))) → 𝑚 ∈ (1..^𝑁))
19		simprr 771	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑚 ∈ (1..^𝑁) ∧ 0 ∈ ((𝑦 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}) ↦ (((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦)) / ((𝑦 − 𝐵)↑𝑚))) lim_ℂ 𝐵))) → 0 ∈ ((𝑦 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}) ↦ (((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦)) / ((𝑦 − 𝐵)↑𝑚))) lim_ℂ 𝐵))
20		fveq2 6901	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦) = (((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑥))
21		fveq2 6901	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦) = (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑥))
22	20, 21	oveq12d 7442	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → ((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦)) = ((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑥) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑥)))
23		oveq1 7431	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (𝑦 − 𝐵) = (𝑥 − 𝐵))
24	23	oveq1d 7439	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → ((𝑦 − 𝐵)↑𝑚) = ((𝑥 − 𝐵)↑𝑚))
25	22, 24	oveq12d 7442	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦)) / ((𝑦 − 𝐵)↑𝑚)) = (((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑥) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑥)) / ((𝑥 − 𝐵)↑𝑚)))
26	25	cbvmptv 5266	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑦 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}) ↦ (((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦)) / ((𝑦 − 𝐵)↑𝑚))) = (𝑥 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}) ↦ (((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑥) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑥)) / ((𝑥 − 𝐵)↑𝑚)))
27	26	oveq1i 7434	. . . 4 ⊢ ((𝑦 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}) ↦ (((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦)) / ((𝑦 − 𝐵)↑𝑚))) lim_ℂ 𝐵) = ((𝑥 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}) ↦ (((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑥) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑥)) / ((𝑥 − 𝐵)↑𝑚))) lim_ℂ 𝐵)
28	19, 27	eleqtrdi 2836	. . 3 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑚 ∈ (1..^𝑁) ∧ 0 ∈ ((𝑦 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}) ↦ (((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦)) / ((𝑦 − 𝐵)↑𝑚))) lim_ℂ 𝐵))) → 0 ∈ ((𝑥 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}) ↦ (((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑥) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑥)) / ((𝑥 − 𝐵)↑𝑚))) lim_ℂ 𝐵))
29	13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 11, 18, 28	taylthlem2 26402	. 2 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑚 ∈ (1..^𝑁) ∧ 0 ∈ ((𝑦 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}) ↦ (((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − 𝑚))‘𝑦)) / ((𝑦 − 𝐵)↑𝑚))) lim_ℂ 𝐵))) → 0 ∈ ((𝑥 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ {𝐵}) ↦ (((((ℝ D^𝑛 𝐹)‘(𝑁 − (𝑚 + 1)))‘𝑥) − (((ℂ D^𝑛 𝑇)‘(𝑁 − (𝑚 + 1)))‘𝑥)) / ((𝑥 − 𝐵)↑(𝑚 + 1)))) lim_ℂ 𝐵))
30	2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 29	taylthlem1 26401	1 ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ∈ (𝑅 lim_ℂ 𝐵))

Colors of variables: wff setvar class

Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 394 = wceq 1534 ∈ wcel 2099 ∖ cdif 3944 ⊆ wss 3947 {csn 4633 {cpr 4635 ↦ cmpt 5236 dom cdm 5682 ⟶wf 6550 ‘cfv 6554 (class class class)co 7424 ℂcc 11156 ℝcr 11157 0cc0 11158 1c1 11159 − cmin 11494 / cdiv 11921 ℕcn 12264 ..^cfzo 13681 ↑cexp 14081 lim_ℂ climc 25882 D^𝑛 cdvn 25884 Tayl ctayl 26380

This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1790 ax-4 1804 ax-5 1906 ax-6 1964 ax-7 2004 ax-8 2101 ax-9 2109 ax-10 2130 ax-11 2147 ax-12 2167 ax-ext 2697 ax-rep 5290 ax-sep 5304 ax-nul 5311 ax-pow 5369 ax-pr 5433 ax-un 7746 ax-inf2 9684 ax-cnex 11214 ax-resscn 11215 ax-1cn 11216 ax-icn 11217 ax-addcl 11218 ax-addrcl 11219 ax-mulcl 11220 ax-mulrcl 11221 ax-mulcom 11222 ax-addass 11223 ax-mulass 11224 ax-distr 11225 ax-i2m1 11226 ax-1ne0 11227 ax-1rid 11228 ax-rnegex 11229 ax-rrecex 11230 ax-cnre 11231 ax-pre-lttri 11232 ax-pre-lttrn 11233 ax-pre-ltadd 11234 ax-pre-mulgt0 11235 ax-pre-sup 11236 ax-addf 11237

This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 206 df-an 395 df-or 846 df-3or 1085 df-3an 1086 df-tru 1537 df-fal 1547 df-ex 1775 df-nf 1779 df-sb 2061 df-mo 2529 df-eu 2558 df-clab 2704 df-cleq 2718 df-clel 2803 df-nfc 2878 df-ne 2931 df-nel 3037 df-ral 3052 df-rex 3061 df-rmo 3364 df-reu 3365 df-rab 3420 df-v 3464 df-sbc 3777 df-csb 3893 df-dif 3950 df-un 3952 df-in 3954 df-ss 3964 df-pss 3967 df-nul 4326 df-if 4534 df-pw 4609 df-sn 4634 df-pr 4636 df-tp 4638 df-op 4640 df-uni 4914 df-int 4955 df-iun 5003 df-iin 5004 df-br 5154 df-opab 5216 df-mpt 5237 df-tr 5271 df-id 5580 df-eprel 5586 df-po 5594 df-so 5595 df-fr 5637 df-se 5638 df-we 5639 df-xp 5688 df-rel 5689 df-cnv 5690 df-co 5691 df-dm 5692 df-rn 5693 df-res 5694 df-ima 5695 df-pred 6312 df-ord 6379 df-on 6380 df-lim 6381 df-suc 6382 df-iota 6506 df-fun 6556 df-fn 6557 df-f 6558 df-f1 6559 df-fo 6560 df-f1o 6561 df-fv 6562 df-isom 6563 df-riota 7380 df-ov 7427 df-oprab 7428 df-mpo 7429 df-of 7690 df-om 7877 df-1st 8003 df-2nd 8004 df-supp 8175 df-tpos 8241 df-frecs 8296 df-wrecs 8327 df-recs 8401 df-rdg 8440 df-1o 8496 df-2o 8497 df-er 8734 df-map 8857 df-pm 8858 df-ixp 8927 df-en 8975 df-dom 8976 df-sdom 8977 df-fin 8978 df-fsupp 9406 df-fi 9454 df-sup 9485 df-inf 9486 df-oi 9553 df-card 9982 df-pnf 11300 df-mnf 11301 df-xr 11302 df-ltxr 11303 df-le 11304 df-sub 11496 df-neg 11497 df-div 11922 df-nn 12265 df-2 12327 df-3 12328 df-4 12329 df-5 12330 df-6 12331 df-7 12332 df-8 12333 df-9 12334 df-n0 12525 df-xnn0 12597 df-z 12611 df-dec 12730 df-uz 12875 df-q 12985 df-rp 13029 df-xneg 13146 df-xadd 13147 df-xmul 13148 df-ioo 13382 df-ioc 13383 df-ico 13384 df-icc 13385 df-fz 13539 df-fzo 13682 df-fl 13812 df-seq 14022 df-exp 14082 df-fac 14291 df-hash 14348 df-cj 15104 df-re 15105 df-im 15106 df-sqrt 15240 df-abs 15241 df-clim 15490 df-rlim 15491 df-sum 15691 df-struct 17149 df-sets 17166 df-slot 17184 df-ndx 17196 df-base 17214 df-ress 17243 df-plusg 17279 df-mulr 17280 df-starv 17281 df-sca 17282 df-vsca 17283 df-ip 17284 df-tset 17285 df-ple 17286 df-ds 17288 df-unif 17289 df-hom 17290 df-cco 17291 df-rest 17437 df-topn 17438 df-0g 17456 df-gsum 17457 df-topgen 17458 df-pt 17459 df-prds 17462 df-xrs 17517 df-qtop 17522 df-imas 17523 df-xps 17525 df-mre 17599 df-mrc 17600 df-acs 17602 df-mgm 18633 df-sgrp 18712 df-mnd 18728 df-submnd 18774 df-grp 18931 df-minusg 18932 df-mulg 19062 df-subg 19117 df-cntz 19311 df-cmn 19780 df-abl 19781 df-mgp 20118 df-rng 20136 df-ur 20165 df-ring 20218 df-cring 20219 df-oppr 20316 df-dvdsr 20339 df-unit 20340 df-invr 20370 df-dvr 20383 df-subrng 20528 df-subrg 20553 df-drng 20709 df-psmet 21335 df-xmet 21336 df-met 21337 df-bl 21338 df-mopn 21339 df-fbas 21340 df-fg 21341 df-cnfld 21344 df-refld 21601 df-top 22887 df-topon 22904 df-topsp 22926 df-bases 22940 df-cld 23014 df-ntr 23015 df-cls 23016 df-nei 23093 df-lp 23131 df-perf 23132 df-cn 23222 df-cnp 23223 df-haus 23310 df-cmp 23382 df-tx 23557 df-hmeo 23750 df-fil 23841 df-fm 23933 df-flim 23934 df-flf 23935 df-tsms 24122 df-xms 24317 df-ms 24318 df-tms 24319 df-cncf 24889 df-0p 25690 df-limc 25886 df-dv 25887 df-dvn 25888 df-ply 26215 df-idp 26216 df-coe 26217 df-dgr 26218 df-tayl 26382

This theorem is referenced by: (None)

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