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| Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > aaliou | Structured version Visualization version GIF version | ||
| Description: Liouville's theorem on diophantine approximation: Any algebraic number, being a root of a polynomial 𝐹 in integer coefficients, is not approximable beyond order 𝑁 = deg(𝐹) by rational numbers. In this form, it also applies to rational numbers themselves, which are not well approximable by other rational numbers. This is Metamath 100 proof #18. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 16-Nov-2014.) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| aalioulem2.a | ⊢ 𝑁 = (deg‘𝐹) |
| aalioulem2.b | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘ℤ)) |
| aalioulem2.c | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) |
| aalioulem2.d | ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ) |
| aalioulem3.e | ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹‘𝐴) = 0) |
| Ref | Expression |
|---|---|
| aaliou | ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ∀𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∀𝑞 ∈ ℕ (𝐴 = (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∨ (𝑥 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞))))) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | aalioulem2.a | . . 3 ⊢ 𝑁 = (deg‘𝐹) | |
| 2 | aalioulem2.b | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘ℤ)) | |
| 3 | aalioulem2.c | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) | |
| 4 | aalioulem2.d | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ) | |
| 5 | aalioulem3.e | . . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹‘𝐴) = 0) | |
| 6 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | aalioulem6 26500 | . 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑎 ∈ ℝ+ ∀𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∀𝑞 ∈ ℕ (𝐴 = (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∨ (𝑎 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞))))) |
| 7 | rphalfcl 13040 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑎 ∈ ℝ+ → (𝑎 / 2) ∈ ℝ+) | |
| 8 | 7 | adantl 486 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) → (𝑎 / 2) ∈ ℝ+) |
| 9 | 7 | ad2antlr 739 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → (𝑎 / 2) ∈ ℝ+) |
| 10 | nnrp 13023 | . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ (𝑞 ∈ ℕ → 𝑞 ∈ ℝ+) | |
| 11 | 10 | ad2antll 741 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → 𝑞 ∈ ℝ+) |
| 12 | 3 | nnzd 12612 | . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) |
| 13 | 12 | ad2antrr 738 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) |
| 14 | 11, 13 | rpexpcld 14279 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → (𝑞↑𝑁) ∈ ℝ+) |
| 15 | 9, 14 | rpdivcld 13072 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → ((𝑎 / 2) / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ∈ ℝ+) |
| 16 | 15 | rpred 13055 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → ((𝑎 / 2) / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ∈ ℝ) |
| 17 | simplr 780 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) | |
| 18 | 17, 14 | rpdivcld 13072 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → (𝑎 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ∈ ℝ+) |
| 19 | 18 | rpred 13055 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → (𝑎 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ∈ ℝ) |
| 20 | 4 | adantr 485 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ) |
| 21 | znq 12971 | . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ ((𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ) → (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∈ ℚ) | |
| 22 | qre 12972 | . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ ((𝑝 / 𝑞) ∈ ℚ → (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∈ ℝ) | |
| 23 | 21, 22 | syl 18 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ ((𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ) → (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∈ ℝ) |
| 24 | resubcl 11517 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℝ ∧ (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∈ ℝ) → (𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞)) ∈ ℝ) | |
| 25 | 20, 23, 24 | syl2an 607 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → (𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞)) ∈ ℝ) |
| 26 | 25 | recnd 11232 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → (𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞)) ∈ ℂ) |
| 27 | 26 | abscld 15486 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞))) ∈ ℝ) |
| 28 | 16, 19, 27 | 3jca 1146 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → (((𝑎 / 2) / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ∈ ℝ ∧ (𝑎 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ∈ ℝ ∧ (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞))) ∈ ℝ)) |
| 29 | 9 | rpred 13055 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → (𝑎 / 2) ∈ ℝ) |
| 30 | rpre 13020 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝑎 ∈ ℝ+ → 𝑎 ∈ ℝ) | |
| 31 | 30 | ad2antlr 739 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → 𝑎 ∈ ℝ) |
| 32 | rphalflt 13042 | . . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝑎 ∈ ℝ+ → (𝑎 / 2) < 𝑎) | |
| 33 | 32 | ad2antlr 739 | . . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → (𝑎 / 2) < 𝑎) |
| 34 | 29, 31, 14, 33 | ltdiv1dd 13112 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → ((𝑎 / 2) / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (𝑎 / (𝑞↑𝑁))) |
| 35 | 34 | anim1i 626 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ ((((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) ∧ (𝑎 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞)))) → (((𝑎 / 2) / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (𝑎 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ∧ (𝑎 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞))))) |
| 36 | 35 | ex 417 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → ((𝑎 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞))) → (((𝑎 / 2) / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (𝑎 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ∧ (𝑎 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞)))))) |
| 37 | ltletr 11297 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((((𝑎 / 2) / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ∈ ℝ ∧ (𝑎 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ∈ ℝ ∧ (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞))) ∈ ℝ) → ((((𝑎 / 2) / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (𝑎 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ∧ (𝑎 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞)))) → ((𝑎 / 2) / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞))))) | |
| 38 | 28, 36, 37 | sylsyld 62 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → ((𝑎 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞))) → ((𝑎 / 2) / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞))))) |
| 39 | 38 | orim2d 982 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑞 ∈ ℕ)) → ((𝐴 = (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∨ (𝑎 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞)))) → (𝐴 = (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∨ ((𝑎 / 2) / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞)))))) |
| 40 | 39 | ralimdvva 3212 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) → (∀𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∀𝑞 ∈ ℕ (𝐴 = (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∨ (𝑎 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞)))) → ∀𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∀𝑞 ∈ ℕ (𝐴 = (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∨ ((𝑎 / 2) / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞)))))) |
| 41 | oveq1 7417 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑎 / 2) → (𝑥 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) = ((𝑎 / 2) / (𝑞↑𝑁))) | |
| 42 | 41 | breq1d 5119 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑎 / 2) → ((𝑥 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞))) ↔ ((𝑎 / 2) / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞))))) |
| 43 | 42 | orbi2d 928 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑎 / 2) → ((𝐴 = (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∨ (𝑥 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞)))) ↔ (𝐴 = (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∨ ((𝑎 / 2) / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞)))))) |
| 44 | 43 | 2ralbidv 3229 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑎 / 2) → (∀𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∀𝑞 ∈ ℕ (𝐴 = (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∨ (𝑥 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞)))) ↔ ∀𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∀𝑞 ∈ ℕ (𝐴 = (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∨ ((𝑎 / 2) / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞)))))) |
| 45 | 44 | rspcev 3581 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝑎 / 2) ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∀𝑞 ∈ ℕ (𝐴 = (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∨ ((𝑎 / 2) / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞))))) → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ∀𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∀𝑞 ∈ ℕ (𝐴 = (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∨ (𝑥 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞))))) |
| 46 | 8, 40, 45 | syl6an 696 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+) → (∀𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∀𝑞 ∈ ℕ (𝐴 = (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∨ (𝑎 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞)))) → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ∀𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∀𝑞 ∈ ℕ (𝐴 = (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∨ (𝑥 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞)))))) |
| 47 | 46 | rexlimdva 3166 | . 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → (∃𝑎 ∈ ℝ+ ∀𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∀𝑞 ∈ ℕ (𝐴 = (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∨ (𝑎 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞)))) → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ∀𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∀𝑞 ∈ ℕ (𝐴 = (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∨ (𝑥 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞)))))) |
| 48 | 6, 47 | mpd 16 | 1 ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ∀𝑝 ∈ ℤ ∀𝑞 ∈ ℕ (𝐴 = (𝑝 / 𝑞) ∨ (𝑥 / (𝑞↑𝑁)) < (abs‘(𝐴 − (𝑝 / 𝑞))))) |
| Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
| Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 400 ∨ wo 860 ∧ w3a 1103 = wceq 1570 ∈ wcel 2143 ∀wral 3079 ∃wrex 3089 class class class wbr 5109 ‘cfv 6536 (class class class)co 7410 ℝcr 11094 0cc0 11095 < clt 11238 ≤ cle 11239 − cmin 11436 / cdiv 11866 ℕcn 12228 2c2 12290 ℤcz 12586 ℚcq 12967 ℝ+crp 13011 ↑cexp 14093 abscabs 15281 Polycply 26341 degcdgr 26344 |
| This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1825 ax-4 1839 ax-5 1940 ax-6 1997 ax-7 2038 ax-8 2145 ax-9 2153 ax-10 2176 ax-11 2192 ax-12 2213 ax-ext 2735 ax-rep 5238 ax-sep 5257 ax-nul 5269 ax-pow 5336 ax-pr 5404 ax-un 7732 ax-inf2 9606 ax-cnex 11151 ax-resscn 11152 ax-1cn 11153 ax-icn 11154 ax-addcl 11155 ax-addrcl 11156 ax-mulcl 11157 ax-mulrcl 11158 ax-mulcom 11159 ax-addass 11160 ax-mulass 11161 ax-distr 11162 ax-i2m1 11163 ax-1ne0 11164 ax-1rid 11165 ax-rnegex 11166 ax-rrecex 11167 ax-cnre 11168 ax-pre-lttri 11169 ax-pre-lttrn 11170 ax-pre-ltadd 11171 ax-pre-mulgt0 11172 ax-pre-sup 11173 ax-addf 11174 |
| This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 210 df-an 401 df-or 861 df-3or 1104 df-3an 1105 df-tru 1573 df-fal 1583 df-ex 1810 df-nf 1814 df-sb 2097 df-mo 2567 df-eu 2597 df-clab 2742 df-cleq 2755 df-clel 2838 df-nfc 2912 df-ne 2959 df-nel 3065 df-ral 3080 df-rex 3090 df-rmo 3369 df-reu 3370 df-rab 3417 df-v 3457 df-sbc 3745 df-csb 3854 df-dif 3908 df-un 3910 df-in 3912 df-ss 3922 df-pss 3925 df-nul 4287 df-if 4488 df-pw 4564 df-sn 4590 df-pr 4592 df-tp 4594 df-op 4596 df-uni 4873 df-int 4913 df-iun 4958 df-iin 4959 df-br 5110 df-opab 5174 df-mpt 5193 df-tr 5219 df-id 5556 df-eprel 5561 df-po 5569 df-so 5570 df-fr 5614 df-se 5615 df-we 5616 df-xp 5667 df-rel 5668 df-cnv 5669 df-co 5670 df-dm 5671 df-rn 5672 df-res 5673 df-ima 5674 df-pred 6302 df-ord 6363 df-on 6364 df-lim 6365 df-suc 6366 df-iota 6492 df-fun 6538 df-fn 6539 df-f 6540 df-f1 6541 df-fo 6542 df-f1o 6543 df-fv 6544 df-isom 6545 df-riota 7367 df-ov 7413 df-oprab 7414 df-mpo 7415 df-of 7674 df-om 7859 df-1st 7982 df-2nd 7983 df-supp 8153 df-frecs 8274 df-wrecs 8305 df-recs 8354 df-rdg 8393 df-1o 8449 df-2o 8450 df-oadd 8453 df-er 8690 df-map 8822 df-pm 8823 df-ixp 8892 df-en 8940 df-dom 8941 df-sdom 8942 df-fin 8943 df-fsupp 9318 df-fi 9367 df-sup 9398 df-inf 9399 df-oi 9468 df-dju 9883 df-card 9921 df-pnf 11240 df-mnf 11241 df-xr 11242 df-ltxr 11243 df-le 11244 df-sub 11438 df-neg 11439 df-div 11867 df-nn 12229 df-2 12298 df-3 12299 df-4 12300 df-5 12301 df-6 12302 df-7 12303 df-8 12304 df-9 12305 df-n0 12500 df-xnn0 12573 df-z 12587 df-dec 12707 df-uz 12858 df-q 12968 df-rp 13012 df-xneg 13132 df-xadd 13133 df-xmul 13134 df-ioo 13371 df-ico 13373 df-icc 13374 df-fz 13531 df-fzo 13679 df-fl 13821 df-seq 14034 df-exp 14094 df-hash 14363 df-cj 15146 df-re 15147 df-im 15148 df-sqrt 15282 df-abs 15283 df-clim 15535 df-rlim 15536 df-sum 15734 df-struct 17202 df-sets 17219 df-slot 17237 df-ndx 17249 df-base 17265 df-ress 17286 df-plusg 17318 df-mulr 17319 df-starv 17320 df-sca 17321 df-vsca 17322 df-ip 17323 df-tset 17324 df-ple 17325 df-ds 17327 df-unif 17328 df-hom 17329 df-cco 17330 df-rest 17470 df-topn 17471 df-0g 17489 df-gsum 17490 df-topgen 17491 df-pt 17492 df-prds 17495 df-xrs 17551 df-qtop 17556 df-imas 17557 df-xps 17559 df-mre 17633 df-mrc 17634 df-acs 17636 df-mgm 18693 df-sgrp 18772 df-mnd 18788 df-submnd 18837 df-grp 18998 df-minusg 18999 df-mulg 19129 df-subg 19184 df-cntz 19382 df-cmn 19847 df-abl 19848 df-mgp 20212 df-rng 20226 df-ur 20259 df-ring 20312 df-cring 20313 df-subrng 20645 df-subrg 20669 df-psmet 21514 df-xmet 21515 df-met 21516 df-bl 21517 df-mopn 21518 df-fbas 21519 df-fg 21520 df-cnfld 21523 df-top 23051 df-topon 23068 df-topsp 23090 df-bases 23103 df-cld 23176 df-ntr 23177 df-cls 23178 df-nei 23255 df-lp 23293 df-perf 23294 df-cn 23384 df-cnp 23385 df-haus 23472 df-cmp 23544 df-tx 23719 df-hmeo 23912 df-fil 24003 df-fm 24095 df-flim 24096 df-flf 24097 df-xms 24477 df-ms 24478 df-tms 24479 df-cncf 25037 df-0p 25829 df-limc 26025 df-dv 26026 df-dvn 26027 df-cpn 26028 df-ply 26345 df-idp 26346 df-coe 26347 df-dgr 26348 df-quot 26452 |
| This theorem is referenced by: aaliou2 26503 |
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