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| Type | Label | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Statement | ||
| Theorem | psrneg 15001* | The negative function of the ring of power series. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 29-Dec-2014.) |
| Theorem | psr1clfi 15002* | The identity element of the ring of power series. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 29-Dec-2014.) |
| Theorem | reldmmpl 15003 | The multivariate polynomial constructor is a proper binary operator. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Mar-2015.) |
| Theorem | mplvalcoe 15004* | Value of the set of multivariate polynomials. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 7-Jan-2015.) (Revised by AV, 25-Jun-2019.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 4-Nov-2025.) |
| Theorem | mplbascoe 15005* | Base set of the set of multivariate polynomials. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 7-Jan-2015.) (Revised by AV, 25-Jun-2019.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 4-Nov-2025.) |
| Theorem | mplelbascoe 15006* | Property of being a polynomial. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 7-Jan-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 2-Oct-2015.) (Revised by AV, 25-Jun-2019.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 4-Nov-2025.) |
| Theorem | fnmpl 15007 | mPoly has universal domain. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 5-Nov-2025.) |
| Theorem | mplrcl 15008 | Reverse closure for the polynomial index set. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 19-Mar-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 30-Aug-2015.) |
| Theorem | mplval2g 15009 | Self-referential expression for the set of multivariate polynomials. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 7-Jan-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 2-Oct-2015.) |
| Theorem | mplbasss 15010 | The set of polynomials is a subset of the set of power series. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 7-Jan-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 2-Oct-2015.) |
| Theorem | mplelf 15011* | A polynomial is defined as a function on the coefficients. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 7-Jan-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 2-Oct-2015.) |
| Theorem | mplsubgfilemm 15012* | Lemma for mplsubgfi 15015. There exists a polynomial. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 21-Nov-2025.) |
| Theorem | mplsubgfilemcl 15013 | Lemma for mplsubgfi 15015. The sum of two polynomials is a polynomial. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 26-Nov-2025.) |
| Theorem | mplsubgfileminv 15014 | Lemma for mplsubgfi 15015. The additive inverse of a polynomial is a polynomial. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 26-Nov-2025.) |
| Theorem | mplsubgfi 15015 | The set of polynomials is closed under addition, i.e. it is a subgroup of the set of power series. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 8-Jan-2015.) (Proof shortened by AV, 16-Jul-2019.) |
| Theorem | mpl0fi 15016* | The zero polynomial. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jan-2015.) |
| Theorem | mplplusgg 15017 | Value of addition in a polynomial ring. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 21-Mar-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 2-Oct-2015.) |
| Theorem | mpladd 15018 | The addition operation on multivariate polynomials. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jan-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 2-Oct-2015.) |
| Theorem | mplnegfi 15019 | The negative function on multivariate polynomials. (Contributed by SN, 25-May-2024.) |
| Theorem | mplgrpfi 15020 | The polynomial ring is a group. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jan-2015.) |
A topology on a set is a set of subsets of that set, called open sets, which satisfy certain conditions. One condition is that the whole set be an open set. Therefore, a set is recoverable from a topology on it (as its union), and it may sometimes be more convenient to consider topologies without reference to the underlying set. | ||
| Syntax | ctop 15021 | Syntax for the class of topologies. |
| Definition | df-top 15022* |
Define the class of topologies. It is a proper class. See istopg 15023 and
istopfin 15024 for the corresponding characterizations,
using respectively
binary intersections like in this definition and nonempty finite
intersections.
The final form of the definition is due to Bourbaki (Def. 1 of [BourbakiTop1] p. I.1), while the idea of defining a topology in terms of its open sets is due to Aleksandrov. For the convoluted history of the definitions of these notions, see Gregory H. Moore, The emergence of open sets, closed sets, and limit points in analysis and topology, Historia Mathematica 35 (2008) 220--241. (Contributed by NM, 3-Mar-2006.) (Revised by BJ, 20-Oct-2018.) |
| Theorem | istopg 15023* |
Express the predicate "
Note: In the literature, a topology is often represented by a
calligraphic letter T, which resembles the letter J. This confusion may
have led to J being used by some authors (e.g., K. D. Joshi,
Introduction to General Topology (1983), p. 114) and it is
convenient
for us since we later use |
| Theorem | istopfin 15024* |
Express the predicate " |
| Theorem | uniopn 15025 | The union of a subset of a topology (that is, the union of any family of open sets of a topology) is an open set. (Contributed by Stefan Allan, 27-Feb-2006.) |
| Theorem | iunopn 15026* | The indexed union of a subset of a topology is an open set. (Contributed by NM, 5-Oct-2006.) |
| Theorem | inopn 15027 | The intersection of two open sets of a topology is an open set. (Contributed by NM, 17-Jul-2006.) |
| Theorem | fiinopn 15028 | The intersection of a nonempty finite family of open sets is open. (Contributed by FL, 20-Apr-2012.) |
| Theorem | unopn 15029 | The union of two open sets is open. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) |
| Theorem | 0opn 15030 | The empty set is an open subset of any topology. (Contributed by Stefan Allan, 27-Feb-2006.) |
| Theorem | 0ntop 15031 | The empty set is not a topology. (Contributed by FL, 1-Jun-2008.) |
| Theorem | topopn 15032 | The underlying set of a topology is an open set. (Contributed by NM, 17-Jul-2006.) |
| Theorem | eltopss 15033 | A member of a topology is a subset of its underlying set. (Contributed by NM, 12-Sep-2006.) |
| Syntax | ctopon 15034 | Syntax for the function of topologies on sets. |
| Definition | df-topon 15035* | Define the function that associates with a set the set of topologies on it. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 31-Jan-2015.) |
| Theorem | funtopon 15036 | The class TopOn is a function. (Contributed by BJ, 29-Apr-2021.) |
| Theorem | istopon 15037 | Property of being a topology with a given base set. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 31-Jan-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 13-Aug-2015.) |
| Theorem | topontop 15038 | A topology on a given base set is a topology. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Aug-2015.) |
| Theorem | toponuni 15039 | The base set of a topology on a given base set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Aug-2015.) |
| Theorem | topontopi 15040 | A topology on a given base set is a topology. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Aug-2015.) |
| Theorem | toponunii 15041 | The base set of a topology on a given base set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Aug-2015.) |
| Theorem | toptopon 15042 |
Alternative definition of |
| Theorem | toptopon2 15043 | A topology is the same thing as a topology on the union of its open sets. (Contributed by BJ, 27-Apr-2021.) |
| Theorem | topontopon 15044 | A topology on a set is a topology on the union of its open sets. (Contributed by BJ, 27-Apr-2021.) |
| Theorem | toponrestid 15045 | Given a topology on a set, restricting it to that same set has no effect. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 6-Jul-2022.) |
| Theorem | toponsspwpwg 15046 | The set of topologies on a set is included in the double power set of that set. (Contributed by BJ, 29-Apr-2021.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 16-Jan-2023.) |
| Theorem | dmtopon 15047 |
The domain of TopOn is |
| Theorem | fntopon 15048 |
The class TopOn is a function with domain |
| Theorem | toponmax 15049 | The base set of a topology is an open set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Aug-2015.) |
| Theorem | toponss 15050 | A member of a topology is a subset of its underlying set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Aug-2015.) |
| Theorem | toponcom 15051 |
If |
| Theorem | toponcomb 15052 | Biconditional form of toponcom 15051. (Contributed by BJ, 5-Dec-2021.) |
| Theorem | topgele 15053 | The topologies over the same set have the greatest element (the discrete topology) and the least element (the indiscrete topology). (Contributed by FL, 18-Apr-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 16-Sep-2015.) |
| Syntax | ctps 15054 | Syntax for the class of topological spaces. |
| Definition | df-topsp 15055 | Define the class of topological spaces (as extensible structures). (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Aug-2015.) |
| Theorem | istps 15056 | Express the predicate "is a topological space". (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Aug-2015.) |
| Theorem | istps2 15057 | Express the predicate "is a topological space". (Contributed by NM, 20-Oct-2012.) |
| Theorem | tpsuni 15058 | The base set of a topological space. (Contributed by FL, 27-Jun-2014.) |
| Theorem | tpstop 15059 | The topology extractor on a topological space is a topology. (Contributed by FL, 27-Jun-2014.) |
| Theorem | tpspropd 15060 | A topological space depends only on the base and topology components. (Contributed by NM, 18-Jul-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 13-Aug-2015.) |
| Theorem | topontopn 15061 | Express the predicate "is a topological space". (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Aug-2015.) |
| Theorem | tsettps 15062 | If the topology component is already correctly truncated, then it forms a topological space (with the topology extractor function coming out the same as the component). (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Aug-2015.) |
| Theorem | istpsi 15063 | Properties that determine a topological space. (Contributed by NM, 20-Oct-2012.) |
| Theorem | eltpsg 15064 | Properties that determine a topological space from a construction (using no explicit indices). (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Aug-2015.) |
| Theorem | eltpsi 15065 | Properties that determine a topological space from a construction (using no explicit indices). (Contributed by NM, 20-Oct-2012.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 13-Aug-2015.) |
| Syntax | ctb 15066 | Syntax for the class of topological bases. |
| Definition | df-bases 15067* | Define the class of topological bases. Equivalent to definition of basis in [Munkres] p. 78 (see isbasis2g 15069). Note that "bases" is the plural of "basis". (Contributed by NM, 17-Jul-2006.) |
| Theorem | isbasisg 15068* |
Express the predicate "the set |
| Theorem | isbasis2g 15069* |
Express the predicate "the set |
| Theorem | isbasis3g 15070* |
Express the predicate "the set |
| Theorem | basis1 15071 | Property of a basis. (Contributed by NM, 16-Jul-2006.) |
| Theorem | basis2 15072* | Property of a basis. (Contributed by NM, 17-Jul-2006.) |
| Theorem | fiinbas 15073* | If a set is closed under finite intersection, then it is a basis for a topology. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) |
| Theorem | baspartn 15074* | A disjoint system of sets is a basis for a topology. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 22-Feb-2015.) |
| Theorem | tgval2 15075* |
Definition of a topology generated by a basis in [Munkres] p. 78. Later
we show (in tgcl 15088) that |
| Theorem | eltg 15076 | Membership in a topology generated by a basis. (Contributed by NM, 16-Jul-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 10-Jan-2015.) |
| Theorem | eltg2 15077* | Membership in a topology generated by a basis. (Contributed by NM, 15-Jul-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 10-Jan-2015.) |
| Theorem | eltg2b 15078* | Membership in a topology generated by a basis. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 17-Jun-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 10-Jan-2015.) |
| Theorem | eltg4i 15079 | An open set in a topology generated by a basis is the union of all basic open sets contained in it. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 22-Feb-2015.) |
| Theorem | eltg3i 15080 | The union of a set of basic open sets is in the generated topology. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 30-Aug-2015.) |
| Theorem | eltg3 15081* | Membership in a topology generated by a basis. (Contributed by NM, 15-Jul-2006.) (Revised by Jim Kingdon, 4-Mar-2023.) |
| Theorem | tgval3 15082* | Alternate expression for the topology generated by a basis. Lemma 2.1 of [Munkres] p. 80. See also tgval 13593 and tgval2 15075. (Contributed by NM, 17-Jul-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 30-Aug-2015.) |
| Theorem | tg1 15083 | Property of a member of a topology generated by a basis. (Contributed by NM, 20-Jul-2006.) |
| Theorem | tg2 15084* | Property of a member of a topology generated by a basis. (Contributed by NM, 20-Jul-2006.) |
| Theorem | bastg 15085 | A member of a basis is a subset of the topology it generates. (Contributed by NM, 16-Jul-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 10-Jan-2015.) |
| Theorem | unitg 15086 |
The topology generated by a basis |
| Theorem | tgss 15087 | Subset relation for generated topologies. (Contributed by NM, 7-May-2007.) |
| Theorem | tgcl 15088 | Show that a basis generates a topology. Remark in [Munkres] p. 79. (Contributed by NM, 17-Jul-2006.) |
| Theorem | tgclb 15089 |
The property tgcl 15088 can be reversed: if the topology generated
by |
| Theorem | tgtopon 15090 |
A basis generates a topology on |
| Theorem | topbas 15091 | A topology is its own basis. (Contributed by NM, 17-Jul-2006.) |
| Theorem | tgtop 15092 | A topology is its own basis. (Contributed by NM, 18-Jul-2006.) |
| Theorem | eltop 15093 | Membership in a topology, expressed without quantifiers. (Contributed by NM, 19-Jul-2006.) |
| Theorem | eltop2 15094* | Membership in a topology. (Contributed by NM, 19-Jul-2006.) |
| Theorem | eltop3 15095* | Membership in a topology. (Contributed by NM, 19-Jul-2006.) |
| Theorem | tgdom 15096 | A space has no more open sets than subsets of a basis. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 22-Feb-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Apr-2015.) |
| Theorem | tgiun 15097* | The indexed union of a set of basic open sets is in the generated topology. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Sep-2015.) |
| Theorem | tgidm 15098 | The topology generator function is idempotent. (Contributed by NM, 18-Jul-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 2-Sep-2015.) |
| Theorem | bastop 15099 | Two ways to express that a basis is a topology. (Contributed by NM, 18-Jul-2006.) |
| Theorem | tgtop11 15100 | The topology generation function is one-to-one when applied to completed topologies. (Contributed by NM, 18-Jul-2006.) |
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