P. 99 of Theorem List - Intuitionistic Logic Explorer

Theorem List for Intuitionistic Logic Explorer - 9801-9900   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	eluzdc 9801	Membership of an integer in an upper set of integers is decidable. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 18-Apr-2020.)
|- ( ( M e. ZZ /\ N e. ZZ ) -> DECID N e. ( ZZ>= ` M ) )
Theorem	elnn0dc 9802	Membership of an integer in NN0 is decidable. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 8-Oct-2024.)
|- ( N e. ZZ -> DECID N e. NN0 )
Theorem	elnndc 9803	Membership of an integer in NN is decidable. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 17-Oct-2024.)
|- ( N e. ZZ -> DECID N e. NN )
Theorem	ublbneg 9804*	The image under negation of a bounded-above set of reals is bounded below. For a theorem which is similar but also adds that the bounds need to be the tightest possible, see supinfneg 9786. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 21-Mar-2011.)
|- ( E. x e. RR A. y e. A y <_ x -> E. x e. RR A. y e. { z e. RR | -u z e. A } x <_ y )
Theorem	eqreznegel 9805*	Two ways to express the image under negation of a set of integers. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 21-Mar-2011.)
|- ( A C_ ZZ -> { z e. RR | -u z e. A } = { z e. ZZ | -u z e. A } )
Theorem	negm 9806*	The image under negation of an inhabited set of reals is inhabited. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 10-Apr-2020.)
|- ( ( A C_ RR /\ E. x x e. A ) -> E. y y e. { z e. RR | -u z e. A } )
Theorem	lbzbi 9807*	If a set of reals is bounded below, it is bounded below by an integer. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 21-Mar-2011.)
|- ( A C_ RR -> ( E. x e. RR A. y e. A x <_ y <-> E. x e. ZZ A. y e. A x <_ y ) )
Theorem	nn01to3 9808	A (nonnegative) integer between 1 and 3 must be 1, 2 or 3. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 13-Sep-2018.)
|- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ 1 <_ N /\ N <_ 3 ) -> ( N = 1 \/ N = 2 \/ N = 3 ) )
Theorem	nn0ge2m1nnALT 9809	Alternate proof of nn0ge2m1nn 9425: If a nonnegative integer is greater than or equal to two, the integer decreased by 1 is a positive integer. This version is proved using eluz2 9724, a theorem for upper sets of integers, which are defined later than the positive and nonnegative integers. This proof is, however, much shorter than the proof of nn0ge2m1nn 9425. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 1-Aug-2018.) (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)
|- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ 2 <_ N ) -> ( N - 1 ) e. NN )
4.4.12  Rational numbers (as a subset of complex numbers)
Syntax	cq 9810	Extend class notation to include the class of rationals.
class QQ
Definition	df-q 9811	Define the set of rational numbers. Based on definition of rationals in [Apostol] p. 22. See elq 9813 for the relation "is rational". (Contributed by NM, 8-Jan-2002.)
|- QQ = ( / " ( ZZ X. NN ) )
Theorem	divfnzn 9812	Division restricted to ZZ X. NN is a function. Given excluded middle, it would be easy to prove this for CC X. ( CC \ { 0 } ). The key difference is that an element of NN is apart from zero, whereas being an element of CC \ { 0 } implies being not equal to zero. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 19-Mar-2020.)
|- ( / |` ( ZZ X. NN ) ) Fn ( ZZ X. NN )
Theorem	elq 9813*	Membership in the set of rationals. (Contributed by NM, 8-Jan-2002.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 28-Jan-2014.)
|- ( A e. QQ <-> E. x e. ZZ E. y e. NN A = ( x / y ) )
Theorem	qmulz 9814*	If A is rational, then some integer multiple of it is an integer. (Contributed by NM, 7-Nov-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 22-Jul-2014.)
|- ( A e. QQ -> E. x e. NN ( A x. x ) e. ZZ )
Theorem	znq 9815	The ratio of an integer and a positive integer is a rational number. (Contributed by NM, 12-Jan-2002.)
|- ( ( A e. ZZ /\ B e. NN ) -> ( A / B ) e. QQ )
Theorem	qre 9816	A rational number is a real number. (Contributed by NM, 14-Nov-2002.)
|- ( A e. QQ -> A e. RR )
Theorem	zq 9817	An integer is a rational number. (Contributed by NM, 9-Jan-2002.)
|- ( A e. ZZ -> A e. QQ )
Theorem	zssq 9818	The integers are a subset of the rationals. (Contributed by NM, 9-Jan-2002.)
|- ZZ C_ QQ
Theorem	nn0ssq 9819	The nonnegative integers are a subset of the rationals. (Contributed by NM, 31-Jul-2004.)
|- NN0 C_ QQ
Theorem	nnssq 9820	The positive integers are a subset of the rationals. (Contributed by NM, 31-Jul-2004.)
|- NN C_ QQ
Theorem	qssre 9821	The rationals are a subset of the reals. (Contributed by NM, 9-Jan-2002.)
|- QQ C_ RR
Theorem	qsscn 9822	The rationals are a subset of the complex numbers. (Contributed by NM, 2-Aug-2004.)
|- QQ C_ CC
Theorem	qex 9823	The set of rational numbers exists. (Contributed by NM, 30-Jul-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 17-Nov-2014.)
|- QQ e. _V
Theorem	nnq 9824	A positive integer is rational. (Contributed by NM, 17-Nov-2004.)
|- ( A e. NN -> A e. QQ )
Theorem	qcn 9825	A rational number is a complex number. (Contributed by NM, 2-Aug-2004.)
|- ( A e. QQ -> A e. CC )
Theorem	qaddcl 9826	Closure of addition of rationals. (Contributed by NM, 1-Aug-2004.)
|- ( ( A e. QQ /\ B e. QQ ) -> ( A + B ) e. QQ )
Theorem	qnegcl 9827	Closure law for the negative of a rational. (Contributed by NM, 2-Aug-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Sep-2014.)
|- ( A e. QQ -> -u A e. QQ )
Theorem	qmulcl 9828	Closure of multiplication of rationals. (Contributed by NM, 1-Aug-2004.)
|- ( ( A e. QQ /\ B e. QQ ) -> ( A x. B ) e. QQ )
Theorem	qsubcl 9829	Closure of subtraction of rationals. (Contributed by NM, 2-Aug-2004.)
|- ( ( A e. QQ /\ B e. QQ ) -> ( A - B ) e. QQ )
Theorem	qapne 9830	Apartness is equivalent to not equal for rationals. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 20-Mar-2020.)
|- ( ( A e. QQ /\ B e. QQ ) -> ( A # B <-> A =/= B ) )
Theorem	qltlen 9831	Rational 'Less than' expressed in terms of 'less than or equal to'. Also see ltleap 8775 which is a similar result for real numbers. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 11-Oct-2021.)
|- ( ( A e. QQ /\ B e. QQ ) -> ( A < B <-> ( A <_ B /\ B =/= A ) ) )
Theorem	qlttri2 9832	Apartness is equivalent to not equal for rationals. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 9-Nov-2021.)
|- ( ( A e. QQ /\ B e. QQ ) -> ( A =/= B <-> ( A < B \/ B < A ) ) )
Theorem	qreccl 9833	Closure of reciprocal of rationals. (Contributed by NM, 3-Aug-2004.)
|- ( ( A e. QQ /\ A =/= 0 ) -> ( 1 / A ) e. QQ )
Theorem	qdivcl 9834	Closure of division of rationals. (Contributed by NM, 3-Aug-2004.)
|- ( ( A e. QQ /\ B e. QQ /\ B =/= 0 ) -> ( A / B ) e. QQ )
Theorem	qrevaddcl 9835	Reverse closure law for addition of rationals. (Contributed by NM, 2-Aug-2004.)
|- ( B e. QQ -> ( ( A e. CC /\ ( A + B ) e. QQ ) <-> A e. QQ ) )
Theorem	nnrecq 9836	The reciprocal of a positive integer is rational. (Contributed by NM, 17-Nov-2004.)
|- ( A e. NN -> ( 1 / A ) e. QQ )
Theorem	irradd 9837	The sum of an irrational number and a rational number is irrational. (Contributed by NM, 7-Nov-2008.)
|- ( ( A e. ( RR \ QQ ) /\ B e. QQ ) -> ( A + B ) e. ( RR \ QQ ) )
Theorem	irrmul 9838	The product of a real which is not rational with a nonzero rational is not rational. Note that by "not rational" we mean the negation of "is rational" (whereas "irrational" is often defined to mean apart from any rational number - given excluded middle these two definitions would be equivalent). For a similar theorem with irrational in place of not rational, see irrmulap 9839. (Contributed by NM, 7-Nov-2008.)
|- ( ( A e. ( RR \ QQ ) /\ B e. QQ /\ B =/= 0 ) -> ( A x. B ) e. ( RR \ QQ ) )
Theorem	irrmulap 9839*	The product of an irrational with a nonzero rational is irrational. By irrational we mean apart from any rational number. For a similar theorem with not rational in place of irrational, see irrmul 9838. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 25-Aug-2025.)
|- ( ph -> A e. RR )   &    |- ( ph -> A. q e. QQ A # q )   &    |- ( ph -> B e. QQ )   &    |- ( ph -> B =/= 0 )   &    |- ( ph -> Q e. QQ )   =>    |- ( ph -> ( A x. B ) # Q )
Theorem	elpq 9840*	A positive rational is the quotient of two positive integers. (Contributed by AV, 29-Dec-2022.)
|- ( ( A e. QQ /\ 0 < A ) -> E. x e. NN E. y e. NN A = ( x / y ) )
Theorem	elpqb 9841*	A class is a positive rational iff it is the quotient of two positive integers. (Contributed by AV, 30-Dec-2022.)
|- ( ( A e. QQ /\ 0 < A ) <-> E. x e. NN E. y e. NN A = ( x / y ) )
4.4.13  Complex numbers as pairs of reals
Theorem	cnref1o 9842*	There is a natural one-to-one mapping from ( RR X. RR ) to CC, where we map <. x , y >. to ( x + ( _i x. y ) ). In our construction of the complex numbers, this is in fact our definition of CC (see df-c 8001), but in the axiomatic treatment we can only show that there is the expected mapping between these two sets. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 16-Jun-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 17-Feb-2014.)
|- F = ( x e. RR , y e. RR |-> ( x + ( _i x. y ) ) )   =>    |- F : ( RR X. RR ) -1-1-onto-> CC
Theorem	addex 9843	The addition operation is a set. (Contributed by NM, 19-Oct-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 17-Nov-2014.)
|- + e. _V
Theorem	mulex 9844	The multiplication operation is a set. (Contributed by NM, 19-Oct-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 17-Nov-2014.)
|- x. e. _V
4.5  Order sets
4.5.1  Positive reals (as a subset of complex numbers)
Syntax	crp 9845	Extend class notation to include the class of positive reals.
class RR+
Definition	df-rp 9846	Define the set of positive reals. Definition of positive numbers in [Apostol] p. 20. (Contributed by NM, 27-Oct-2007.)
|- RR+ = { x e. RR | 0 < x }
Theorem	elrp 9847	Membership in the set of positive reals. (Contributed by NM, 27-Oct-2007.)
|- ( A e. RR+ <-> ( A e. RR /\ 0 < A ) )
Theorem	elrpii 9848	Membership in the set of positive reals. (Contributed by NM, 23-Feb-2008.)
|- A e. RR   &    |- 0 < A   =>    |- A e. RR+
Theorem	1rp 9849	1 is a positive real. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 23-Nov-2008.)
|- 1 e. RR+
Theorem	2rp 9850	2 is a positive real. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
|- 2 e. RR+
Theorem	3rp 9851	3 is a positive real. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
|- 3 e. RR+
Theorem	rpre 9852	A positive real is a real. (Contributed by NM, 27-Oct-2007.)
|- ( A e. RR+ -> A e. RR )
Theorem	rpxr 9853	A positive real is an extended real. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Aug-2015.)
|- ( A e. RR+ -> A e. RR* )
Theorem	rpcn 9854	A positive real is a complex number. (Contributed by NM, 11-Nov-2008.)
|- ( A e. RR+ -> A e. CC )
Theorem	nnrp 9855	A positive integer is a positive real. (Contributed by NM, 28-Nov-2008.)
|- ( A e. NN -> A e. RR+ )
Theorem	rpssre 9856	The positive reals are a subset of the reals. (Contributed by NM, 24-Feb-2008.)
|- RR+ C_ RR
Theorem	rpgt0 9857	A positive real is greater than zero. (Contributed by FL, 27-Dec-2007.)
|- ( A e. RR+ -> 0 < A )
Theorem	rpge0 9858	A positive real is greater than or equal to zero. (Contributed by NM, 22-Feb-2008.)
|- ( A e. RR+ -> 0 <_ A )
Theorem	rpregt0 9859	A positive real is a positive real number. (Contributed by NM, 11-Nov-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 31-Jan-2014.)
|- ( A e. RR+ -> ( A e. RR /\ 0 < A ) )
Theorem	rprege0 9860	A positive real is a nonnegative real number. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 31-Jan-2014.)
|- ( A e. RR+ -> ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) )
Theorem	rpne0 9861	A positive real is nonzero. (Contributed by NM, 18-Jul-2008.)
|- ( A e. RR+ -> A =/= 0 )
Theorem	rpap0 9862	A positive real is apart from zero. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 22-Mar-2020.)
|- ( A e. RR+ -> A # 0 )
Theorem	rprene0 9863	A positive real is a nonzero real number. (Contributed by NM, 11-Nov-2008.)
|- ( A e. RR+ -> ( A e. RR /\ A =/= 0 ) )
Theorem	rpreap0 9864	A positive real is a real number apart from zero. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 22-Mar-2020.)
|- ( A e. RR+ -> ( A e. RR /\ A # 0 ) )
Theorem	rpcnne0 9865	A positive real is a nonzero complex number. (Contributed by NM, 11-Nov-2008.)
|- ( A e. RR+ -> ( A e. CC /\ A =/= 0 ) )
Theorem	rpcnap0 9866	A positive real is a complex number apart from zero. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 22-Mar-2020.)
|- ( A e. RR+ -> ( A e. CC /\ A # 0 ) )
Theorem	ralrp 9867	Quantification over positive reals. (Contributed by NM, 12-Feb-2008.)
|- ( A. x e. RR+ ph <-> A. x e. RR ( 0 < x -> ph ) )
Theorem	rexrp 9868	Quantification over positive reals. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-May-2014.)
|- ( E. x e. RR+ ph <-> E. x e. RR ( 0 < x /\ ph ) )
Theorem	rpaddcl 9869	Closure law for addition of positive reals. Part of Axiom 7 of [Apostol] p. 20. (Contributed by NM, 27-Oct-2007.)
|- ( ( A e. RR+ /\ B e. RR+ ) -> ( A + B ) e. RR+ )
Theorem	rpmulcl 9870	Closure law for multiplication of positive reals. Part of Axiom 7 of [Apostol] p. 20. (Contributed by NM, 27-Oct-2007.)
|- ( ( A e. RR+ /\ B e. RR+ ) -> ( A x. B ) e. RR+ )
Theorem	rpdivcl 9871	Closure law for division of positive reals. (Contributed by FL, 27-Dec-2007.)
|- ( ( A e. RR+ /\ B e. RR+ ) -> ( A / B ) e. RR+ )
Theorem	rpreccl 9872	Closure law for reciprocation of positive reals. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 23-Nov-2008.)
|- ( A e. RR+ -> ( 1 / A ) e. RR+ )
Theorem	rphalfcl 9873	Closure law for half of a positive real. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 31-Jan-2014.)
|- ( A e. RR+ -> ( A / 2 ) e. RR+ )
Theorem	rpgecl 9874	A number greater or equal to a positive real is positive real. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
|- ( ( A e. RR+ /\ B e. RR /\ A <_ B ) -> B e. RR+ )
Theorem	rphalflt 9875	Half of a positive real is less than the original number. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-May-2014.)
|- ( A e. RR+ -> ( A / 2 ) < A )
Theorem	rerpdivcl 9876	Closure law for division of a real by a positive real. (Contributed by NM, 10-Nov-2008.)
|- ( ( A e. RR /\ B e. RR+ ) -> ( A / B ) e. RR )
Theorem	ge0p1rp 9877	A nonnegative number plus one is a positive number. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 5-Oct-2015.)
|- ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) -> ( A + 1 ) e. RR+ )
Theorem	rpnegap 9878	Either a real apart from zero or its negation is a positive real, but not both. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 23-Mar-2020.)
|- ( ( A e. RR /\ A # 0 ) -> ( A e. RR+ \/_ -u A e. RR+ ) )
Theorem	negelrp 9879	Elementhood of a negation in the positive real numbers. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 19-Sep-2018.)
|- ( A e. RR -> ( -u A e. RR+ <-> A < 0 ) )
Theorem	negelrpd 9880	The negation of a negative number is in the positive real numbers. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
|- ( ph -> A e. RR )   &    |- ( ph -> A < 0 )   =>    |- ( ph -> -u A e. RR+ )
Theorem	0nrp 9881	Zero is not a positive real. Axiom 9 of [Apostol] p. 20. (Contributed by NM, 27-Oct-2007.)
|- -. 0 e. RR+
Theorem	ltsubrp 9882	Subtracting a positive real from another number decreases it. (Contributed by FL, 27-Dec-2007.)
|- ( ( A e. RR /\ B e. RR+ ) -> ( A - B ) < A )
Theorem	ltaddrp 9883	Adding a positive number to another number increases it. (Contributed by FL, 27-Dec-2007.)
|- ( ( A e. RR /\ B e. RR+ ) -> A < ( A + B ) )
Theorem	difrp 9884	Two ways to say one number is less than another. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-May-2014.)
|- ( ( A e. RR /\ B e. RR ) -> ( A < B <-> ( B - A ) e. RR+ ) )
Theorem	elrpd 9885	Membership in the set of positive reals. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
|- ( ph -> A e. RR )   &    |- ( ph -> 0 < A )   =>    |- ( ph -> A e. RR+ )
Theorem	nnrpd 9886	A positive integer is a positive real. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
|- ( ph -> A e. NN )   =>    |- ( ph -> A e. RR+ )
Theorem	zgt1rpn0n1 9887	An integer greater than 1 is a positive real number not equal to 0 or 1. Useful for working with integer logarithm bases (which is a common case, e.g., base 2, base 3, or base 10). (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 26-Sep-2017.) (Proof shortened by AV, 9-Jul-2022.)
|- ( B e. ( ZZ>= ` 2 ) -> ( B e. RR+ /\ B =/= 0 /\ B =/= 1 ) )
Theorem	rpred 9888	A positive real is a real. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
|- ( ph -> A e. RR+ )   =>    |- ( ph -> A e. RR )
Theorem	rpxrd 9889	A positive real is an extended real. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
|- ( ph -> A e. RR+ )   =>    |- ( ph -> A e. RR* )
Theorem	rpcnd 9890	A positive real is a complex number. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
|- ( ph -> A e. RR+ )   =>    |- ( ph -> A e. CC )
Theorem	rpgt0d 9891	A positive real is greater than zero. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
|- ( ph -> A e. RR+ )   =>    |- ( ph -> 0 < A )
Theorem	rpge0d 9892	A positive real is greater than or equal to zero. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
|- ( ph -> A e. RR+ )   =>    |- ( ph -> 0 <_ A )
Theorem	rpne0d 9893	A positive real is nonzero. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
|- ( ph -> A e. RR+ )   =>    |- ( ph -> A =/= 0 )
Theorem	rpap0d 9894	A positive real is apart from zero. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 28-Jul-2021.)
|- ( ph -> A e. RR+ )   =>    |- ( ph -> A # 0 )
Theorem	rpregt0d 9895	A positive real is real and greater than zero. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
|- ( ph -> A e. RR+ )   =>    |- ( ph -> ( A e. RR /\ 0 < A ) )
Theorem	rprege0d 9896	A positive real is real and greater or equal to zero. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
|- ( ph -> A e. RR+ )   =>    |- ( ph -> ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) )
Theorem	rprene0d 9897	A positive real is a nonzero real number. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
|- ( ph -> A e. RR+ )   =>    |- ( ph -> ( A e. RR /\ A =/= 0 ) )
Theorem	rpcnne0d 9898	A positive real is a nonzero complex number. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
|- ( ph -> A e. RR+ )   =>    |- ( ph -> ( A e. CC /\ A =/= 0 ) )
Theorem	rpreccld 9899	Closure law for reciprocation of positive reals. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
|- ( ph -> A e. RR+ )   =>    |- ( ph -> ( 1 / A ) e. RR+ )
Theorem	rprecred 9900	Closure law for reciprocation of positive reals. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
|- ( ph -> A e. RR+ )   =>    |- ( ph -> ( 1 / A ) e. RR )