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Theorem List for Intuitionistic Logic Explorer - 6801-6900   *Has distinct variable group(s)
TypeLabelDescription
Statement
 
Theoremecelqsi 6801 Membership of an equivalence class in a quotient set. (Contributed by NM, 25-Jul-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
 |-  R  e.  _V   =>    |-  ( B  e.  A  ->  [ B ] R  e.  ( A /. R ) )
 
Theoremecopqsi 6802 "Closure" law for equivalence class of ordered pairs. (Contributed by NM, 25-Mar-1996.)
 |-  R  e.  _V   &    |-  S  =  ( ( A  X.  A ) /. R )   =>    |-  ( ( B  e.  A  /\  C  e.  A )  ->  [ <. B ,  C >. ] R  e.  S )
 
Theoremqsexg 6803 A quotient set exists. (Contributed by FL, 19-May-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
 |-  ( A  e.  V  ->  ( A /. R )  e.  _V )
 
Theoremqsex 6804 A quotient set exists. (Contributed by NM, 14-Aug-1995.)
 |-  A  e.  _V   =>    |-  ( A /. R )  e.  _V
 
Theoremuniqs 6805 The union of a quotient set. (Contributed by NM, 9-Dec-2008.)
 |-  ( R  e.  V  ->  U. ( A /. R )  =  ( R " A ) )
 
Theoremqsss 6806 A quotient set is a set of subsets of the base set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  R  Er  A )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ( A /. R )  C_  ~P A )
 
Theoremuniqs2 6807 The union of a quotient set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 11-Jul-2014.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  R  Er  A )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  R  e.  V )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  U. ( A /. R )  =  A )
 
Theoremsnec 6808 The singleton of an equivalence class. (Contributed by NM, 29-Jan-1999.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
 |-  A  e.  _V   =>    |-  { [ A ] R }  =  ( { A } /. R )
 
Theoremecqs 6809 Equivalence class in terms of quotient set. (Contributed by NM, 29-Jan-1999.)
 |-  R  e.  _V   =>    |-  [ A ] R  =  U. ( { A } /. R )
 
Theoremecid 6810 A set is equal to its converse epsilon coset. (Note: converse epsilon is not an equivalence relation.) (Contributed by NM, 13-Aug-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
 |-  A  e.  _V   =>    |-  [ A ] `'  _E  =  A
 
Theoremecidg 6811 A set is equal to its converse epsilon coset. (Note: converse epsilon is not an equivalence relation.) (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 8-Jan-2020.)
 |-  ( A  e.  V  ->  [ A ] `'  _E  =  A )
 
Theoremqsid 6812 A set is equal to its quotient set mod converse epsilon. (Note: converse epsilon is not an equivalence relation.) (Contributed by NM, 13-Aug-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
 |-  ( A /. `'  _E  )  =  A
 
Theoremectocld 6813* Implicit substitution of class for equivalence class. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
 |-  S  =  ( B
 /. R )   &    |-  ( [ x ] R  =  A  ->  ( ph  <->  ps ) )   &    |-  (
 ( ch  /\  x  e.  B )  ->  ph )   =>    |-  (
 ( ch  /\  A  e.  S )  ->  ps )
 
Theoremectocl 6814* Implicit substitution of class for equivalence class. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
 |-  S  =  ( B
 /. R )   &    |-  ( [ x ] R  =  A  ->  ( ph  <->  ps ) )   &    |-  ( x  e.  B  ->  ph )   =>    |-  ( A  e.  S  ->  ps )
 
Theoremelqsn0m 6815* An element of a quotient set is inhabited. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 21-Aug-2019.)
 |-  ( ( dom  R  =  A  /\  B  e.  ( A /. R ) )  ->  E. x  x  e.  B )
 
Theoremelqsn0 6816 A quotient set doesn't contain the empty set. (Contributed by NM, 24-Aug-1995.)
 |-  ( ( dom  R  =  A  /\  B  e.  ( A /. R ) )  ->  B  =/=  (/) )
 
Theoremecelqsdm 6817 Membership of an equivalence class in a quotient set. (Contributed by NM, 30-Jul-1995.)
 |-  ( ( dom  R  =  A  /\  [ B ] R  e.  ( A /. R ) ) 
 ->  B  e.  A )
 
Theoremxpider 6818 A square Cartesian product is an equivalence relation (in general it's not a poset). (Contributed by FL, 31-Jul-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
 |-  ( A  X.  A )  Er  A
 
Theoremiinerm 6819* The intersection of a nonempty family of equivalence relations is an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Sep-2015.)
 |-  ( ( E. y  y  e.  A  /\  A. x  e.  A  R  Er  B )  ->  |^|_ x  e.  A  R  Er  B )
 
Theoremriinerm 6820* The relative intersection of a family of equivalence relations is an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Sep-2015.)
 |-  ( ( E. y  y  e.  A  /\  A. x  e.  A  R  Er  B )  ->  (
 ( B  X.  B )  i^i  |^|_ x  e.  A  R )  Er  B )
 
Theoremerinxp 6821 A restricted equivalence relation is an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-Jul-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  R  Er  A )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  B 
 C_  A )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ( R  i^i  ( B  X.  B ) )  Er  B )
 
Theoremecinxp 6822 Restrict the relation in an equivalence class to a base set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-Jul-2015.)
 |-  ( ( ( R
 " A )  C_  A  /\  B  e.  A )  ->  [ B ] R  =  [ B ] ( R  i^i  ( A  X.  A ) ) )
 
Theoremqsinxp 6823 Restrict the equivalence relation in a quotient set to the base set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2015.)
 |-  ( ( R " A )  C_  A  ->  ( A /. R )  =  ( A /. ( R  i^i  ( A  X.  A ) ) ) )
 
Theoremqsel 6824 If an element of a quotient set contains a given element, it is equal to the equivalence class of the element. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
 |-  ( ( R  Er  X  /\  B  e.  ( A /. R )  /\  C  e.  B )  ->  B  =  [ C ] R )
 
Theoremqliftlem 6825*  F, a function lift, is a subset of  R  X.  S. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.)
 |-  F  =  ran  ( x  e.  X  |->  <. [ x ] R ,  A >. )   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  x  e.  X )  ->  A  e.  Y )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  R  Er  X )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  X  e.  _V )   =>    |-  ( ( ph  /\  x  e.  X )  ->  [ x ] R  e.  ( X /. R ) )
 
Theoremqliftrel 6826*  F, a function lift, is a subset of  R  X.  S. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.)
 |-  F  =  ran  ( x  e.  X  |->  <. [ x ] R ,  A >. )   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  x  e.  X )  ->  A  e.  Y )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  R  Er  X )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  X  e.  _V )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  F  C_  ( ( X /. R )  X.  Y ) )
 
Theoremqliftel 6827* Elementhood in the relation  F. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.)
 |-  F  =  ran  ( x  e.  X  |->  <. [ x ] R ,  A >. )   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  x  e.  X )  ->  A  e.  Y )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  R  Er  X )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  X  e.  _V )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ( [ C ] R F D 
 <-> 
 E. x  e.  X  ( C R x  /\  D  =  A )
 ) )
 
Theoremqliftel1 6828* Elementhood in the relation  F. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.)
 |-  F  =  ran  ( x  e.  X  |->  <. [ x ] R ,  A >. )   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  x  e.  X )  ->  A  e.  Y )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  R  Er  X )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  X  e.  _V )   =>    |-  ( ( ph  /\  x  e.  X )  ->  [ x ] R F A )
 
Theoremqliftfun 6829* The function  F is the unique function defined by  F `  [
x ]  =  A, provided that the well-definedness condition holds. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.)
 |-  F  =  ran  ( x  e.  X  |->  <. [ x ] R ,  A >. )   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  x  e.  X )  ->  A  e.  Y )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  R  Er  X )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  X  e.  _V )   &    |-  ( x  =  y 
 ->  A  =  B )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ( Fun  F  <->  A. x A. y ( x R y  ->  A  =  B )
 ) )
 
Theoremqliftfund 6830* The function  F is the unique function defined by  F `  [
x ]  =  A, provided that the well-definedness condition holds. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.)
 |-  F  =  ran  ( x  e.  X  |->  <. [ x ] R ,  A >. )   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  x  e.  X )  ->  A  e.  Y )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  R  Er  X )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  X  e.  _V )   &    |-  ( x  =  y 
 ->  A  =  B )   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  x R y )  ->  A  =  B )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  Fun  F )
 
Theoremqliftfuns 6831* The function  F is the unique function defined by  F `  [
x ]  =  A, provided that the well-definedness condition holds. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.)
 |-  F  =  ran  ( x  e.  X  |->  <. [ x ] R ,  A >. )   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  x  e.  X )  ->  A  e.  Y )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  R  Er  X )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  X  e.  _V )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ( Fun  F  <->  A. y A. z
 ( y R z 
 ->  [_ y  /  x ]_ A  =  [_ z  /  x ]_ A ) ) )
 
Theoremqliftf 6832* The domain and codomain of the function  F. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.)
 |-  F  =  ran  ( x  e.  X  |->  <. [ x ] R ,  A >. )   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  x  e.  X )  ->  A  e.  Y )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  R  Er  X )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  X  e.  _V )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ( Fun  F  <->  F : ( X
 /. R ) --> Y ) )
 
Theoremqliftval 6833* The value of the function  F. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.)
 |-  F  =  ran  ( x  e.  X  |->  <. [ x ] R ,  A >. )   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  x  e.  X )  ->  A  e.  Y )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  R  Er  X )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  X  e.  _V )   &    |-  ( x  =  C  ->  A  =  B )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  Fun  F )   =>    |-  ( ( ph  /\  C  e.  X )  ->  ( F `  [ C ] R )  =  B )
 
Theoremecoptocl 6834* Implicit substitution of class for equivalence class of ordered pair. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.)
 |-  S  =  ( ( B  X.  C )
 /. R )   &    |-  ( [ <. x ,  y >. ] R  =  A  ->  ( ph  <->  ps ) )   &    |-  (
 ( x  e.  B  /\  y  e.  C )  ->  ph )   =>    |-  ( A  e.  S  ->  ps )
 
Theorem2ecoptocl 6835* Implicit substitution of classes for equivalence classes of ordered pairs. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.)
 |-  S  =  ( ( C  X.  D )
 /. R )   &    |-  ( [ <. x ,  y >. ] R  =  A  ->  ( ph  <->  ps ) )   &    |-  ( [ <. z ,  w >. ] R  =  B  ->  ( ps  <->  ch ) )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  C  /\  y  e.  D )  /\  (
 z  e.  C  /\  w  e.  D )
 )  ->  ph )   =>    |-  ( ( A  e.  S  /\  B  e.  S )  ->  ch )
 
Theorem3ecoptocl 6836* Implicit substitution of classes for equivalence classes of ordered pairs. (Contributed by NM, 9-Aug-1995.)
 |-  S  =  ( ( D  X.  D )
 /. R )   &    |-  ( [ <. x ,  y >. ] R  =  A  ->  ( ph  <->  ps ) )   &    |-  ( [ <. z ,  w >. ] R  =  B  ->  ( ps  <->  ch ) )   &    |-  ( [ <. v ,  u >. ] R  =  C  ->  ( ch  <->  th ) )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  D  /\  y  e.  D )  /\  (
 z  e.  D  /\  w  e.  D )  /\  ( v  e.  D  /\  u  e.  D ) )  ->  ph )   =>    |-  (
 ( A  e.  S  /\  B  e.  S  /\  C  e.  S )  ->  th )
 
Theorembrecop 6837* Binary relation on a quotient set. Lemma for real number construction. (Contributed by NM, 29-Jan-1996.)
 |- 
 .~  e.  _V   &    |-  .~  Er  ( G  X.  G )   &    |-  H  =  ( ( G  X.  G ) /.  .~  )   &    |- 
 .<_  =  { <. x ,  y >.  |  ( ( x  e.  H  /\  y  e.  H )  /\  E. z E. w E. v E. u ( ( x  =  [ <. z ,  w >. ] 
 .~  /\  y  =  [ <. v ,  u >. ]  .~  )  /\  ph ) ) }   &    |-  (
 ( ( ( z  e.  G  /\  w  e.  G )  /\  ( A  e.  G  /\  B  e.  G )
 )  /\  ( (
 v  e.  G  /\  u  e.  G )  /\  ( C  e.  G  /\  D  e.  G ) ) )  ->  (
 ( [ <. z ,  w >. ]  .~  =  [ <. A ,  B >. ]  .~  /\  [ <. v ,  u >. ] 
 .~  =  [ <. C ,  D >. ]  .~  )  ->  ( ph  <->  ps ) ) )   =>    |-  ( ( ( A  e.  G  /\  B  e.  G )  /\  ( C  e.  G  /\  D  e.  G )
 )  ->  ( [ <. A ,  B >. ] 
 .~  .<_  [ <. C ,  D >. ]  .~  <->  ps ) )
 
Theoremeroveu 6838* Lemma for eroprf 6840. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
 |-  J  =  ( A
 /. R )   &    |-  K  =  ( B /. S )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  T  e.  Z )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  R  Er  U )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  S  Er  V )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  T  Er  W )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  A 
 C_  U )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  B  C_  V )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  C  C_  W )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  .+ 
 : ( A  X.  B ) --> C )   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  (
 ( r  e.  A  /\  s  e.  A )  /\  ( t  e.  B  /\  u  e.  B ) ) ) 
 ->  ( ( r R s  /\  t S u )  ->  (
 r  .+  t ) T ( s  .+  u ) ) )   =>    |-  ( ( ph  /\  ( X  e.  J  /\  Y  e.  K )
 )  ->  E! z E. p  e.  A  E. q  e.  B  ( ( X  =  [ p ] R  /\  Y  =  [ q ] S )  /\  z  =  [ ( p  .+  q ) ] T ) )
 
Theoremerovlem 6839* Lemma for eroprf 6840. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 30-Dec-2014.)
 |-  J  =  ( A
 /. R )   &    |-  K  =  ( B /. S )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  T  e.  Z )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  R  Er  U )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  S  Er  V )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  T  Er  W )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  A 
 C_  U )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  B  C_  V )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  C  C_  W )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  .+ 
 : ( A  X.  B ) --> C )   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  (
 ( r  e.  A  /\  s  e.  A )  /\  ( t  e.  B  /\  u  e.  B ) ) ) 
 ->  ( ( r R s  /\  t S u )  ->  (
 r  .+  t ) T ( s  .+  u ) ) )   &    |-  .+^ 
 =  { <. <. x ,  y >. ,  z >.  | 
 E. p  e.  A  E. q  e.  B  ( ( x  =  [ p ] R  /\  y  =  [
 q ] S ) 
 /\  z  =  [
 ( p  .+  q
 ) ] T ) }   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  .+^  =  ( x  e.  J ,  y  e.  K  |->  ( iota
 z E. p  e.  A  E. q  e.  B  ( ( x  =  [ p ] R  /\  y  =  [
 q ] S ) 
 /\  z  =  [
 ( p  .+  q
 ) ] T ) ) ) )
 
Theoremeroprf 6840* Functionality of an operation defined on equivalence classes. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 30-Dec-2014.)
 |-  J  =  ( A
 /. R )   &    |-  K  =  ( B /. S )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  T  e.  Z )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  R  Er  U )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  S  Er  V )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  T  Er  W )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  A 
 C_  U )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  B  C_  V )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  C  C_  W )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  .+ 
 : ( A  X.  B ) --> C )   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  (
 ( r  e.  A  /\  s  e.  A )  /\  ( t  e.  B  /\  u  e.  B ) ) ) 
 ->  ( ( r R s  /\  t S u )  ->  (
 r  .+  t ) T ( s  .+  u ) ) )   &    |-  .+^ 
 =  { <. <. x ,  y >. ,  z >.  | 
 E. p  e.  A  E. q  e.  B  ( ( x  =  [ p ] R  /\  y  =  [
 q ] S ) 
 /\  z  =  [
 ( p  .+  q
 ) ] T ) }   &    |-  ( ph  ->  R  e.  X )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  S  e.  Y )   &    |-  L  =  ( C
 /. T )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  .+^  : ( J  X.  K )
 --> L )
 
Theoremeroprf2 6841* Functionality of an operation defined on equivalence classes. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.)
 |-  J  =  ( A
 /.  .~  )   &    |-  .+^  =  { <.
 <. x ,  y >. ,  z >.  |  E. p  e.  A  E. q  e.  A  ( ( x  =  [ p ]  .~  /\  y  =  [
 q ]  .~  )  /\  z  =  [
 ( p  .+  q
 ) ]  .~  ) }   &    |-  ( ph  ->  .~  e.  X )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  .~ 
 Er  U )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  A  C_  U )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  .+  :
 ( A  X.  A )
 --> A )   &    |-  ( ( ph  /\  ( ( r  e.  A  /\  s  e.  A )  /\  (
 t  e.  A  /\  u  e.  A )
 ) )  ->  (
 ( r  .~  s  /\  t  .~  u ) 
 ->  ( r  .+  t
 )  .~  ( s  .+  u ) ) )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  .+^  : ( J  X.  J ) --> J )
 
Theoremecopoveq 6842* This is the first of several theorems about equivalence relations of the kind used in construction of fractions and signed reals, involving operations on equivalent classes of ordered pairs. This theorem expresses the relation 
.~ (specified by the hypothesis) in terms of its operation  F. (Contributed by NM, 16-Aug-1995.)
 |- 
 .~  =  { <. x ,  y >.  |  ( ( x  e.  ( S  X.  S )  /\  y  e.  ( S  X.  S ) )  /\  E. z E. w E. v E. u ( ( x  =  <. z ,  w >.  /\  y  = 
 <. v ,  u >. ) 
 /\  ( z  .+  u )  =  ( w  .+  v ) ) ) }   =>    |-  ( ( ( A  e.  S  /\  B  e.  S )  /\  ( C  e.  S  /\  D  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( <. A ,  B >.  .~  <. C ,  D >.  <->  ( A  .+  D )  =  ( B  .+  C ) ) )
 
Theoremecopovsym 6843* Assuming the operation  F is commutative, show that the relation  .~, specified by the first hypothesis, is symmetric. (Contributed by NM, 27-Aug-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Apr-2015.)
 |- 
 .~  =  { <. x ,  y >.  |  ( ( x  e.  ( S  X.  S )  /\  y  e.  ( S  X.  S ) )  /\  E. z E. w E. v E. u ( ( x  =  <. z ,  w >.  /\  y  = 
 <. v ,  u >. ) 
 /\  ( z  .+  u )  =  ( w  .+  v ) ) ) }   &    |-  ( x  .+  y )  =  (
 y  .+  x )   =>    |-  ( A  .~  B  ->  B  .~  A )
 
Theoremecopovtrn 6844* Assuming that operation  F is commutative (second hypothesis), closed (third hypothesis), associative (fourth hypothesis), and has the cancellation property (fifth hypothesis), show that the relation  .~, specified by the first hypothesis, is transitive. (Contributed by NM, 11-Feb-1996.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Apr-2015.)
 |- 
 .~  =  { <. x ,  y >.  |  ( ( x  e.  ( S  X.  S )  /\  y  e.  ( S  X.  S ) )  /\  E. z E. w E. v E. u ( ( x  =  <. z ,  w >.  /\  y  = 
 <. v ,  u >. ) 
 /\  ( z  .+  u )  =  ( w  .+  v ) ) ) }   &    |-  ( x  .+  y )  =  (
 y  .+  x )   &    |-  (
 ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  ->  ( x  .+  y )  e.  S )   &    |-  ( ( x  .+  y )  .+  z )  =  ( x  .+  ( y  .+  z ) )   &    |-  ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  ->  (
 ( x  .+  y
 )  =  ( x 
 .+  z )  ->  y  =  z )
 )   =>    |-  ( ( A  .~  B  /\  B  .~  C )  ->  A  .~  C )
 
Theoremecopover 6845* Assuming that operation  F is commutative (second hypothesis), closed (third hypothesis), associative (fourth hypothesis), and has the cancellation property (fifth hypothesis), show that the relation  .~, specified by the first hypothesis, is an equivalence relation. (Contributed by NM, 16-Feb-1996.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
 |- 
 .~  =  { <. x ,  y >.  |  ( ( x  e.  ( S  X.  S )  /\  y  e.  ( S  X.  S ) )  /\  E. z E. w E. v E. u ( ( x  =  <. z ,  w >.  /\  y  = 
 <. v ,  u >. ) 
 /\  ( z  .+  u )  =  ( w  .+  v ) ) ) }   &    |-  ( x  .+  y )  =  (
 y  .+  x )   &    |-  (
 ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  ->  ( x  .+  y )  e.  S )   &    |-  ( ( x  .+  y )  .+  z )  =  ( x  .+  ( y  .+  z ) )   &    |-  ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  ->  (
 ( x  .+  y
 )  =  ( x 
 .+  z )  ->  y  =  z )
 )   =>    |- 
 .~  Er  ( S  X.  S )
 
Theoremecopovsymg 6846* Assuming the operation  F is commutative, show that the relation  .~, specified by the first hypothesis, is symmetric. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 1-Sep-2019.)
 |- 
 .~  =  { <. x ,  y >.  |  ( ( x  e.  ( S  X.  S )  /\  y  e.  ( S  X.  S ) )  /\  E. z E. w E. v E. u ( ( x  =  <. z ,  w >.  /\  y  = 
 <. v ,  u >. ) 
 /\  ( z  .+  u )  =  ( w  .+  v ) ) ) }   &    |-  ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  ->  ( x  .+  y )  =  ( y  .+  x ) )   =>    |-  ( A  .~  B  ->  B  .~  A )
 
Theoremecopovtrng 6847* Assuming that operation  F is commutative (second hypothesis), closed (third hypothesis), associative (fourth hypothesis), and has the cancellation property (fifth hypothesis), show that the relation  .~, specified by the first hypothesis, is transitive. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 1-Sep-2019.)
 |- 
 .~  =  { <. x ,  y >.  |  ( ( x  e.  ( S  X.  S )  /\  y  e.  ( S  X.  S ) )  /\  E. z E. w E. v E. u ( ( x  =  <. z ,  w >.  /\  y  = 
 <. v ,  u >. ) 
 /\  ( z  .+  u )  =  ( w  .+  v ) ) ) }   &    |-  ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  ->  ( x  .+  y )  =  ( y  .+  x ) )   &    |-  ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  ->  ( x  .+  y )  e.  S )   &    |-  ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S  /\  z  e.  S )  ->  (
 ( x  .+  y
 )  .+  z )  =  ( x  .+  (
 y  .+  z )
 ) )   &    |-  ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S  /\  z  e.  S )  ->  (
 ( x  .+  y
 )  =  ( x 
 .+  z )  ->  y  =  z )
 )   =>    |-  ( ( A  .~  B  /\  B  .~  C )  ->  A  .~  C )
 
Theoremecopoverg 6848* Assuming that operation  F is commutative (second hypothesis), closed (third hypothesis), associative (fourth hypothesis), and has the cancellation property (fifth hypothesis), show that the relation  .~, specified by the first hypothesis, is an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 1-Sep-2019.)
 |- 
 .~  =  { <. x ,  y >.  |  ( ( x  e.  ( S  X.  S )  /\  y  e.  ( S  X.  S ) )  /\  E. z E. w E. v E. u ( ( x  =  <. z ,  w >.  /\  y  = 
 <. v ,  u >. ) 
 /\  ( z  .+  u )  =  ( w  .+  v ) ) ) }   &    |-  ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  ->  ( x  .+  y )  =  ( y  .+  x ) )   &    |-  ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  ->  ( x  .+  y )  e.  S )   &    |-  ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S  /\  z  e.  S )  ->  (
 ( x  .+  y
 )  .+  z )  =  ( x  .+  (
 y  .+  z )
 ) )   &    |-  ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S  /\  z  e.  S )  ->  (
 ( x  .+  y
 )  =  ( x 
 .+  z )  ->  y  =  z )
 )   =>    |- 
 .~  Er  ( S  X.  S )
 
Theoremth3qlem1 6849* Lemma for Exercise 44 version of Theorem 3Q of [Enderton] p. 60. The third hypothesis is the compatibility assumption. (Contributed by NM, 3-Aug-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
 |- 
 .~  Er  S   &    |-  ( ( ( y  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )  /\  ( z  e.  S  /\  v  e.  S ) )  ->  ( ( y  .~  w  /\  z  .~  v )  ->  ( y  .+  z ) 
 .~  ( w  .+  v ) ) )   =>    |-  ( ( A  e.  ( S /.  .~  )  /\  B  e.  ( S
 /.  .~  ) )  ->  E* x E. y E. z ( ( A  =  [ y ]  .~  /\  B  =  [
 z ]  .~  )  /\  x  =  [
 ( y  .+  z
 ) ]  .~  )
 )
 
Theoremth3qlem2 6850* Lemma for Exercise 44 version of Theorem 3Q of [Enderton] p. 60, extended to operations on ordered pairs. The fourth hypothesis is the compatibility assumption. (Contributed by NM, 4-Aug-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
 |- 
 .~  e.  _V   &    |-  .~  Er  ( S  X.  S )   &    |-  (
 ( ( ( w  e.  S  /\  v  e.  S )  /\  ( u  e.  S  /\  t  e.  S )
 )  /\  ( (
 s  e.  S  /\  f  e.  S )  /\  ( g  e.  S  /\  h  e.  S ) ) )  ->  ( ( <. w ,  v >.  .~  <. u ,  t >.  /\  <. s ,  f >.  .~  <. g ,  h >. )  ->  ( <. w ,  v >.  .+ 
 <. s ,  f >. ) 
 .~  ( <. u ,  t >.  .+  <. g ,  h >. ) ) )   =>    |-  ( ( A  e.  ( ( S  X.  S ) /.  .~  )  /\  B  e.  (
 ( S  X.  S ) /.  .~  ) ) 
 ->  E* z E. w E. v E. u E. t ( ( A  =  [ <. w ,  v >. ]  .~  /\  B  =  [ <. u ,  t >. ]  .~  )  /\  z  =  [
 ( <. w ,  v >.  .+  <. u ,  t >. ) ]  .~  )
 )
 
Theoremth3qcor 6851* Corollary of Theorem 3Q of [Enderton] p. 60. (Contributed by NM, 12-Nov-1995.) (Revised by David Abernethy, 4-Jun-2013.)
 |- 
 .~  e.  _V   &    |-  .~  Er  ( S  X.  S )   &    |-  (
 ( ( ( w  e.  S  /\  v  e.  S )  /\  ( u  e.  S  /\  t  e.  S )
 )  /\  ( (
 s  e.  S  /\  f  e.  S )  /\  ( g  e.  S  /\  h  e.  S ) ) )  ->  ( ( <. w ,  v >.  .~  <. u ,  t >.  /\  <. s ,  f >.  .~  <. g ,  h >. )  ->  ( <. w ,  v >.  .+ 
 <. s ,  f >. ) 
 .~  ( <. u ,  t >.  .+  <. g ,  h >. ) ) )   &    |-  G  =  { <. <. x ,  y >. ,  z >.  |  ( ( x  e.  ( ( S  X.  S ) /.  .~  )  /\  y  e.  (
 ( S  X.  S ) /.  .~  ) ) 
 /\  E. w E. v E. u E. t ( ( x  =  [ <. w ,  v >. ] 
 .~  /\  y  =  [ <. u ,  t >. ]  .~  )  /\  z  =  [ ( <. w ,  v >.  .+ 
 <. u ,  t >. ) ]  .~  ) ) }   =>    |- 
 Fun  G
 
Theoremth3q 6852* Theorem 3Q of [Enderton] p. 60, extended to operations on ordered pairs. (Contributed by NM, 4-Aug-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Dec-2013.)
 |- 
 .~  e.  _V   &    |-  .~  Er  ( S  X.  S )   &    |-  (
 ( ( ( w  e.  S  /\  v  e.  S )  /\  ( u  e.  S  /\  t  e.  S )
 )  /\  ( (
 s  e.  S  /\  f  e.  S )  /\  ( g  e.  S  /\  h  e.  S ) ) )  ->  ( ( <. w ,  v >.  .~  <. u ,  t >.  /\  <. s ,  f >.  .~  <. g ,  h >. )  ->  ( <. w ,  v >.  .+ 
 <. s ,  f >. ) 
 .~  ( <. u ,  t >.  .+  <. g ,  h >. ) ) )   &    |-  G  =  { <. <. x ,  y >. ,  z >.  |  ( ( x  e.  ( ( S  X.  S ) /.  .~  )  /\  y  e.  (
 ( S  X.  S ) /.  .~  ) ) 
 /\  E. w E. v E. u E. t ( ( x  =  [ <. w ,  v >. ] 
 .~  /\  y  =  [ <. u ,  t >. ]  .~  )  /\  z  =  [ ( <. w ,  v >.  .+ 
 <. u ,  t >. ) ]  .~  ) ) }   =>    |-  ( ( ( A  e.  S  /\  B  e.  S )  /\  ( C  e.  S  /\  D  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( [ <. A ,  B >. ] 
 .~  G [ <. C ,  D >. ]  .~  )  =  [ ( <. A ,  B >.  .+ 
 <. C ,  D >. ) ]  .~  )
 
Theoremoviec 6853* Express an operation on equivalence classes of ordered pairs in terms of equivalence class of operations on ordered pairs. See iset.mm for additional comments describing the hypotheses. (Unnecessary distinct variable restrictions were removed by David Abernethy, 4-Jun-2013.) (Contributed by NM, 6-Aug-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 4-Jun-2013.)
 |-  ( ( ( A  e.  S  /\  B  e.  S )  /\  ( C  e.  S  /\  D  e.  S )
 )  ->  H  e.  ( S  X.  S ) )   &    |-  ( ( ( a  e.  S  /\  b  e.  S )  /\  ( g  e.  S  /\  h  e.  S ) )  ->  K  e.  ( S  X.  S ) )   &    |-  ( ( ( c  e.  S  /\  d  e.  S )  /\  ( t  e.  S  /\  s  e.  S ) )  ->  L  e.  ( S  X.  S ) )   &    |-  .~  e.  _V   &    |-  .~  Er  ( S  X.  S )   &    |- 
 .~  =  { <. x ,  y >.  |  ( ( x  e.  ( S  X.  S )  /\  y  e.  ( S  X.  S ) )  /\  E. z E. w E. v E. u ( ( x  =  <. z ,  w >.  /\  y  = 
 <. v ,  u >. ) 
 /\  ph ) ) }   &    |-  (
 ( ( z  =  a  /\  w  =  b )  /\  (
 v  =  c  /\  u  =  d )
 )  ->  ( ph  <->  ps ) )   &    |-  ( ( ( z  =  g  /\  w  =  h )  /\  ( v  =  t 
 /\  u  =  s ) )  ->  ( ph 
 <->  ch ) )   &    |-  .+  =  { <. <. x ,  y >. ,  z >.  |  ( ( x  e.  ( S  X.  S )  /\  y  e.  ( S  X.  S ) )  /\  E. w E. v E. u E. f ( ( x  =  <. w ,  v >.  /\  y  =  <. u ,  f >. ) 
 /\  z  =  J ) ) }   &    |-  (
 ( ( w  =  a  /\  v  =  b )  /\  ( u  =  g  /\  f  =  h )
 )  ->  J  =  K )   &    |-  ( ( ( w  =  c  /\  v  =  d )  /\  ( u  =  t 
 /\  f  =  s ) )  ->  J  =  L )   &    |-  ( ( ( w  =  A  /\  v  =  B )  /\  ( u  =  C  /\  f  =  D ) )  ->  J  =  H )   &    |-  .+^  =  { <. <. x ,  y >. ,  z >.  |  (
 ( x  e.  Q  /\  y  e.  Q )  /\  E. a E. b E. c E. d
 ( ( x  =  [ <. a ,  b >. ]  .~  /\  y  =  [ <. c ,  d >. ]  .~  )  /\  z  =  [ ( <. a ,  b >.  .+ 
 <. c ,  d >. ) ]  .~  ) ) }   &    |-  Q  =  ( ( S  X.  S ) /.  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( ( a  e.  S  /\  b  e.  S )  /\  (
 c  e.  S  /\  d  e.  S )
 )  /\  ( (
 g  e.  S  /\  h  e.  S )  /\  ( t  e.  S  /\  s  e.  S ) ) )  ->  ( ( ps  /\  ch )  ->  K  .~  L ) )   =>    |-  ( ( ( A  e.  S  /\  B  e.  S )  /\  ( C  e.  S  /\  D  e.  S ) )  ->  ( [ <. A ,  B >. ] 
 .~  .+^  [ <. C ,  D >. ]  .~  )  =  [ H ]  .~  )
 
Theoremecovcom 6854* Lemma used to transfer a commutative law via an equivalence relation. Most uses will want ecovicom 6855 instead. (Contributed by NM, 29-Aug-1995.) (Revised by David Abernethy, 4-Jun-2013.)
 |-  C  =  ( ( S  X.  S )
 /.  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  (
 z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( [ <. x ,  y >. ] 
 .~  .+  [ <. z ,  w >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. D ,  G >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )  /\  ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( [ <. z ,  w >. ] 
 .~  .+  [ <. x ,  y >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. H ,  J >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  D  =  H   &    |-  G  =  J   =>    |-  (
 ( A  e.  C  /\  B  e.  C ) 
 ->  ( A  .+  B )  =  ( B  .+  A ) )
 
Theoremecovicom 6855* Lemma used to transfer a commutative law via an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 15-Sep-2019.)
 |-  C  =  ( ( S  X.  S )
 /.  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  (
 z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( [ <. x ,  y >. ] 
 .~  .+  [ <. z ,  w >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. D ,  G >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )  /\  ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( [ <. z ,  w >. ] 
 .~  .+  [ <. x ,  y >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. H ,  J >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  (
 z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )
 )  ->  D  =  H )   &    |-  ( ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  ( z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S ) )  ->  G  =  J )   =>    |-  ( ( A  e.  C  /\  B  e.  C )  ->  ( A  .+  B )  =  ( B  .+  A ) )
 
Theoremecovass 6856* Lemma used to transfer an associative law via an equivalence relation. In most cases ecoviass 6857 will be more useful. (Contributed by NM, 31-Aug-1995.) (Revised by David Abernethy, 4-Jun-2013.)
 |-  D  =  ( ( S  X.  S )
 /.  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  (
 z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( [ <. x ,  y >. ] 
 .~  .+  [ <. z ,  w >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. G ,  H >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )  /\  (
 v  e.  S  /\  u  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( [ <. z ,  w >. ] 
 .~  .+  [ <. v ,  u >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. N ,  Q >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( G  e.  S  /\  H  e.  S )  /\  ( v  e.  S  /\  u  e.  S ) )  ->  ( [ <. G ,  H >. ]  .~  .+  [ <. v ,  u >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. J ,  K >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  ( N  e.  S  /\  Q  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( [ <. x ,  y >. ] 
 .~  .+  [ <. N ,  Q >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. L ,  M >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  (
 z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( G  e.  S  /\  H  e.  S ) )   &    |-  (
 ( ( z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )  /\  (
 v  e.  S  /\  u  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( N  e.  S  /\  Q  e.  S ) )   &    |-  J  =  L   &    |-  K  =  M   =>    |-  (
 ( A  e.  D  /\  B  e.  D  /\  C  e.  D )  ->  ( ( A  .+  B )  .+  C )  =  ( A  .+  ( B  .+  C ) ) )
 
Theoremecoviass 6857* Lemma used to transfer an associative law via an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 16-Sep-2019.)
 |-  D  =  ( ( S  X.  S )
 /.  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  (
 z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( [ <. x ,  y >. ] 
 .~  .+  [ <. z ,  w >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. G ,  H >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )  /\  (
 v  e.  S  /\  u  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( [ <. z ,  w >. ] 
 .~  .+  [ <. v ,  u >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. N ,  Q >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( G  e.  S  /\  H  e.  S )  /\  ( v  e.  S  /\  u  e.  S ) )  ->  ( [ <. G ,  H >. ]  .~  .+  [ <. v ,  u >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. J ,  K >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  ( N  e.  S  /\  Q  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( [ <. x ,  y >. ] 
 .~  .+  [ <. N ,  Q >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. L ,  M >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  (
 z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( G  e.  S  /\  H  e.  S ) )   &    |-  (
 ( ( z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )  /\  (
 v  e.  S  /\  u  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( N  e.  S  /\  Q  e.  S ) )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  (
 z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )  /\  ( v  e.  S  /\  u  e.  S ) )  ->  J  =  L )   &    |-  ( ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  ( z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )  /\  ( v  e.  S  /\  u  e.  S ) )  ->  K  =  M )   =>    |-  (
 ( A  e.  D  /\  B  e.  D  /\  C  e.  D )  ->  ( ( A  .+  B )  .+  C )  =  ( A  .+  ( B  .+  C ) ) )
 
Theoremecovdi 6858* Lemma used to transfer a distributive law via an equivalence relation. Most likely ecovidi 6859 will be more helpful. (Contributed by NM, 2-Sep-1995.) (Revised by David Abernethy, 4-Jun-2013.)
 |-  D  =  ( ( S  X.  S )
 /.  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )  /\  (
 v  e.  S  /\  u  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( [ <. z ,  w >. ] 
 .~  .+  [ <. v ,  u >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. M ,  N >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  ( M  e.  S  /\  N  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( [ <. x ,  y >. ] 
 .~  .x.  [ <. M ,  N >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. H ,  J >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  (
 z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( [ <. x ,  y >. ] 
 .~  .x.  [ <. z ,  w >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. W ,  X >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  (
 v  e.  S  /\  u  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( [ <. x ,  y >. ] 
 .~  .x.  [ <. v ,  u >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. Y ,  Z >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( W  e.  S  /\  X  e.  S )  /\  ( Y  e.  S  /\  Z  e.  S ) )  ->  ( [ <. W ,  X >. ] 
 .~  .+  [ <. Y ,  Z >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. K ,  L >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )  /\  (
 v  e.  S  /\  u  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( M  e.  S  /\  N  e.  S ) )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  (
 z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( W  e.  S  /\  X  e.  S ) )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  (
 v  e.  S  /\  u  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( Y  e.  S  /\  Z  e.  S ) )   &    |-  H  =  K   &    |-  J  =  L   =>    |-  (
 ( A  e.  D  /\  B  e.  D  /\  C  e.  D )  ->  ( A  .x.  ( B  .+  C ) )  =  ( ( A 
 .x.  B )  .+  ( A  .x.  C ) ) )
 
Theoremecovidi 6859* Lemma used to transfer a distributive law via an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 17-Sep-2019.)
 |-  D  =  ( ( S  X.  S )
 /.  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )  /\  (
 v  e.  S  /\  u  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( [ <. z ,  w >. ] 
 .~  .+  [ <. v ,  u >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. M ,  N >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  ( M  e.  S  /\  N  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( [ <. x ,  y >. ] 
 .~  .x.  [ <. M ,  N >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. H ,  J >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  (
 z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( [ <. x ,  y >. ] 
 .~  .x.  [ <. z ,  w >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. W ,  X >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  (
 v  e.  S  /\  u  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( [ <. x ,  y >. ] 
 .~  .x.  [ <. v ,  u >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. Y ,  Z >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( W  e.  S  /\  X  e.  S )  /\  ( Y  e.  S  /\  Z  e.  S ) )  ->  ( [ <. W ,  X >. ] 
 .~  .+  [ <. Y ,  Z >. ]  .~  )  =  [ <. K ,  L >. ]  .~  )   &    |-  (
 ( ( z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )  /\  (
 v  e.  S  /\  u  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( M  e.  S  /\  N  e.  S ) )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  (
 z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( W  e.  S  /\  X  e.  S ) )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  (
 v  e.  S  /\  u  e.  S )
 )  ->  ( Y  e.  S  /\  Z  e.  S ) )   &    |-  (
 ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  (
 z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )  /\  ( v  e.  S  /\  u  e.  S ) )  ->  H  =  K )   &    |-  ( ( ( x  e.  S  /\  y  e.  S )  /\  ( z  e.  S  /\  w  e.  S )  /\  ( v  e.  S  /\  u  e.  S ) )  ->  J  =  L )   =>    |-  (
 ( A  e.  D  /\  B  e.  D  /\  C  e.  D )  ->  ( A  .x.  ( B  .+  C ) )  =  ( ( A 
 .x.  B )  .+  ( A  .x.  C ) ) )
 
2.6.27  The mapping operation
 
Syntaxcmap 6860 Extend the definition of a class to include the mapping operation. (Read for  A  ^m  B, "the set of all functions that map from  B to  A.)
 class  ^m
 
Syntaxcpm 6861 Extend the definition of a class to include the partial mapping operation. (Read for  A  ^pm  B, "the set of all partial functions that map from  B to  A.)
 class  ^pm
 
Definitiondf-map 6862* Define the mapping operation or set exponentiation. The set of all functions that map from  B to  A is written  ( A  ^m  B ) (see mapval 6872). Many authors write  A followed by  B as a superscript for this operation and rely on context to avoid confusion other exponentiation operations (e.g., Definition 10.42 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 95). Other authors show 
B as a prefixed superscript, which is read " A pre  B " (e.g., definition of [Enderton] p. 52). Definition 8.21 of [Eisenberg] p. 125 uses the notation Map( B,  A) for our  ( A  ^m  B ). The up-arrow is used by Donald Knuth for iterated exponentiation (Science 194, 1235-1242, 1976). We adopt the first case of his notation (simple exponentiation) and subscript it with m to distinguish it from other kinds of exponentiation. (Contributed by NM, 8-Dec-2003.)
 |- 
 ^m  =  ( x  e.  _V ,  y  e.  _V  |->  { f  |  f : y --> x }
 )
 
Definitiondf-pm 6863* Define the partial mapping operation. A partial function from  B to  A is a function from a subset of  B to  A. The set of all partial functions from  B to  A is written  ( A  ^pm  B ) (see pmvalg 6871). A notation for this operation apparently does not appear in the literature. We use 
^pm to distinguish it from the less general set exponentiation operation  ^m (df-map 6862) . See mapsspm 6894 for its relationship to set exponentiation. (Contributed by NM, 15-Nov-2007.)
 |- 
 ^pm  =  ( x  e.  _V ,  y  e. 
 _V  |->  { f  e.  ~P ( y  X.  x )  |  Fun  f }
 )
 
Theoremmapprc 6864* When  A is a proper class, the class of all functions mapping  A to  B is empty. Exercise 4.41 of [Mendelson] p. 255. (Contributed by NM, 8-Dec-2003.)
 |-  ( -.  A  e.  _V 
 ->  { f  |  f : A --> B }  =  (/) )
 
Theorempmex 6865* The class of all partial functions from one set to another is a set. (Contributed by NM, 15-Nov-2007.)
 |-  ( ( A  e.  C  /\  B  e.  D )  ->  { f  |  ( Fun  f  /\  f  C_  ( A  X.  B ) ) }  e.  _V )
 
Theoremmapex 6866* The class of all functions mapping one set to another is a set. Remark after Definition 10.24 of [Kunen] p. 31. (Contributed by Raph Levien, 4-Dec-2003.)
 |-  ( ( A  e.  C  /\  B  e.  D )  ->  { f  |  f : A --> B }  e.  _V )
 
Theoremfnmap 6867 Set exponentiation has a universal domain. (Contributed by NM, 8-Dec-2003.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 8-Sep-2013.)
 |- 
 ^m  Fn  ( _V  X. 
 _V )
 
Theoremfnpm 6868 Partial function exponentiation has a universal domain. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 14-Nov-2013.)
 |- 
 ^pm  Fn  ( _V  X. 
 _V )
 
Theoremreldmmap 6869 Set exponentiation is a well-behaved binary operator. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 27-Feb-2015.)
 |- 
 Rel  dom  ^m
 
Theoremmapvalg 6870* The value of set exponentiation.  ( A  ^m  B
) is the set of all functions that map from  B to  A. Definition 10.24 of [Kunen] p. 24. (Contributed by NM, 8-Dec-2003.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 8-Sep-2013.)
 |-  ( ( A  e.  C  /\  B  e.  D )  ->  ( A  ^m  B )  =  {
 f  |  f : B --> A } )
 
Theorempmvalg 6871* The value of the partial mapping operation.  ( A  ^pm  B ) is the set of all partial functions that map from  B to  A. (Contributed by NM, 15-Nov-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 8-Sep-2013.)
 |-  ( ( A  e.  C  /\  B  e.  D )  ->  ( A  ^pm  B )  =  { f  e.  ~P ( B  X.  A )  |  Fun  f } )
 
Theoremmapval 6872* The value of set exponentiation (inference version).  ( A  ^m  B ) is the set of all functions that map from  B to  A. Definition 10.24 of [Kunen] p. 24. (Contributed by NM, 8-Dec-2003.)
 |-  A  e.  _V   &    |-  B  e.  _V   =>    |-  ( A  ^m  B )  =  { f  |  f : B --> A }
 
Theoremelmapg 6873 Membership relation for set exponentiation. (Contributed by NM, 17-Oct-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Nov-2014.)
 |-  ( ( A  e.  V  /\  B  e.  W )  ->  ( C  e.  ( A  ^m  B )  <->  C : B --> A ) )
 
Theoremelmapd 6874 Deduction form of elmapg 6873. (Contributed by BJ, 11-Apr-2020.)
 |-  ( ph  ->  A  e.  V )   &    |-  ( ph  ->  B  e.  W )   =>    |-  ( ph  ->  ( C  e.  ( A 
 ^m  B )  <->  C : B --> A ) )
 
Theoremmapdm0 6875 The empty set is the only map with empty domain. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Oct-2020.) (Proof shortened by Thierry Arnoux, 3-Dec-2021.)
 |-  ( B  e.  V  ->  ( B  ^m  (/) )  =  { (/) } )
 
Theoremelpmg 6876 The predicate "is a partial function". (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 14-Nov-2013.)
 |-  ( ( A  e.  V  /\  B  e.  W )  ->  ( C  e.  ( A  ^pm  B )  <-> 
 ( Fun  C  /\  C  C_  ( B  X.  A ) ) ) )
 
Theoremelpm2g 6877 The predicate "is a partial function". (Contributed by NM, 31-Dec-2013.)
 |-  ( ( A  e.  V  /\  B  e.  W )  ->  ( F  e.  ( A  ^pm  B )  <-> 
 ( F : dom  F --> A  /\  dom  F  C_  B ) ) )
 
Theoremelpm2r 6878 Sufficient condition for being a partial function. (Contributed by NM, 31-Dec-2013.)
 |-  ( ( ( A  e.  V  /\  B  e.  W )  /\  ( F : C --> A  /\  C  C_  B ) ) 
 ->  F  e.  ( A 
 ^pm  B ) )
 
Theoremelpmi 6879 A partial function is a function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Sep-2015.)
 |-  ( F  e.  ( A  ^pm  B )  ->  ( F : dom  F --> A  /\  dom  F  C_  B ) )
 
Theorempmfun 6880 A partial function is a function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 30-Jan-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Apr-2015.)
 |-  ( F  e.  ( A  ^pm  B )  ->  Fun  F )
 
Theoremelmapex 6881 Eliminate antecedent for mapping theorems: domain can be taken to be a set. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 8-Oct-2014.)
 |-  ( A  e.  ( B  ^m  C )  ->  ( B  e.  _V  /\  C  e.  _V )
 )
 
Theoremelmapi 6882 A mapping is a function, forward direction only with superfluous antecedent removed. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 10-Oct-2014.)
 |-  ( A  e.  ( B  ^m  C )  ->  A : C --> B )
 
Theoremelmapfn 6883 A mapping is a function with the appropriate domain. (Contributed by AV, 6-Apr-2019.)
 |-  ( A  e.  ( B  ^m  C )  ->  A  Fn  C )
 
Theoremelmapfun 6884 A mapping is always a function. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 9-Oct-2014.) (Revised by Stefan O'Rear, 5-May-2015.)
 |-  ( A  e.  ( B  ^m  C )  ->  Fun  A )
 
Theoremelmapssres 6885 A restricted mapping is a mapping. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 9-Oct-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 5-May-2015.)
 |-  ( ( A  e.  ( B  ^m  C ) 
 /\  D  C_  C )  ->  ( A  |`  D )  e.  ( B  ^m  D ) )
 
Theoremfpmg 6886 A total function is a partial function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 31-Dec-2013.)
 |-  ( ( A  e.  V  /\  B  e.  W  /\  F : A --> B ) 
 ->  F  e.  ( B 
 ^pm  A ) )
 
Theorempmss12g 6887 Subset relation for the set of partial functions. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 31-Dec-2013.)
 |-  ( ( ( A 
 C_  C  /\  B  C_  D )  /\  ( C  e.  V  /\  D  e.  W )
 )  ->  ( A  ^pm 
 B )  C_  ( C  ^pm  D ) )
 
Theorempmresg 6888 Elementhood of a restricted function in the set of partial functions. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 31-Dec-2013.)
 |-  ( ( B  e.  V  /\  F  e.  ( A  ^pm  C ) ) 
 ->  ( F  |`  B )  e.  ( A  ^pm  B ) )
 
Theoremelmap 6889 Membership relation for set exponentiation. (Contributed by NM, 8-Dec-2003.)
 |-  A  e.  _V   &    |-  B  e.  _V   =>    |-  ( F  e.  ( A  ^m  B )  <->  F : B --> A )
 
Theoremmapval2 6890* Alternate expression for the value of set exponentiation. (Contributed by NM, 3-Nov-2007.)
 |-  A  e.  _V   &    |-  B  e.  _V   =>    |-  ( A  ^m  B )  =  ( ~P ( B  X.  A )  i^i  { f  |  f  Fn  B }
 )
 
Theoremelpm 6891 The predicate "is a partial function". (Contributed by NM, 15-Nov-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 14-Nov-2013.)
 |-  A  e.  _V   &    |-  B  e.  _V   =>    |-  ( F  e.  ( A  ^pm  B )  <->  ( Fun  F  /\  F  C_  ( B  X.  A ) ) )
 
Theoremelpm2 6892 The predicate "is a partial function". (Contributed by NM, 15-Nov-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 31-Dec-2013.)
 |-  A  e.  _V   &    |-  B  e.  _V   =>    |-  ( F  e.  ( A  ^pm  B )  <->  ( F : dom  F --> A  /\  dom  F 
 C_  B ) )
 
Theoremfpm 6893 A total function is a partial function. (Contributed by NM, 15-Nov-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 31-Dec-2013.)
 |-  A  e.  _V   &    |-  B  e.  _V   =>    |-  ( F : A --> B  ->  F  e.  ( B  ^pm  A ) )
 
Theoremmapsspm 6894 Set exponentiation is a subset of partial maps. (Contributed by NM, 15-Nov-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 27-Feb-2016.)
 |-  ( A  ^m  B )  C_  ( A  ^pm  B )
 
Theorempmsspw 6895 Partial maps are a subset of the power set of the Cartesian product of its arguments. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Jan-2017.)
 |-  ( A  ^pm  B )  C_  ~P ( B  X.  A )
 
Theoremmapsspw 6896 Set exponentiation is a subset of the power set of the Cartesian product of its arguments. (Contributed by NM, 8-Dec-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Apr-2015.)
 |-  ( A  ^m  B )  C_  ~P ( B  X.  A )
 
Theoremfvmptmap 6897* Special case of fvmpt 5732 for operator theorems. (Contributed by NM, 27-Nov-2007.)
 |-  C  e.  _V   &    |-  D  e.  _V   &    |-  R  e.  _V   &    |-  ( x  =  A  ->  B  =  C )   &    |-  F  =  ( x  e.  ( R  ^m  D )  |->  B )   =>    |-  ( A : D --> R  ->  ( F `  A )  =  C )
 
Theoremmap0e 6898 Set exponentiation with an empty exponent (ordinal number 0) is ordinal number 1. Exercise 4.42(a) of [Mendelson] p. 255. (Contributed by NM, 10-Dec-2003.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 30-Apr-2015.)
 |-  ( A  e.  V  ->  ( A  ^m  (/) )  =  1o )
 
Theoremmap0b 6899 Set exponentiation with an empty base is the empty set, provided the exponent is nonempty. Theorem 96 of [Suppes] p. 89. (Contributed by NM, 10-Dec-2003.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Apr-2015.)
 |-  ( A  =/=  (/)  ->  ( (/)  ^m  A )  =  (/) )
 
Theoremmap0g 6900 Set exponentiation is empty iff the base is empty and the exponent is not empty. Theorem 97 of [Suppes] p. 89. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 30-Apr-2015.)
 |-  ( ( A  e.  V  /\  B  e.  W )  ->  ( ( A 
 ^m  B )  =  (/) 
 <->  ( A  =  (/)  /\  B  =/=  (/) ) ) )
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