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Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 43701-43800   *Has distinct variable group(s)
TypeLabelDescription
Statement
 
Theoremcliminf2 43701* A convergent, nonincreasing sequence, converges to the infimum of its range. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
β„²π‘˜πœ‘    &   β„²π‘˜πΉ    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍) β†’ (πΉβ€˜(π‘˜ + 1)) ≀ (πΉβ€˜π‘˜))    &   (πœ‘ β†’ βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 π‘₯ ≀ (πΉβ€˜π‘˜))    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ⇝ inf(ran 𝐹, ℝ*, < ))
 
Theoremlimsupvaluz 43702* The superior limit, when the domain of the function is a set of upper integers (the first condition is needed, otherwise the l.h.s. would be -∞ and the r.h.s. would be +∞). (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜πΉ) = inf(ran (π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ sup(ran (𝐹 β†Ύ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘˜)), ℝ*, < )), ℝ*, < ))
 
Theoremlimsupresuz2 43703 If the domain of a function is a subset of the integers, the superior limit doesn't change when the function is restricted to an upper set of integers. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ dom 𝐹 βŠ† β„€)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜(𝐹 β†Ύ 𝑍)) = (lim supβ€˜πΉ))
 
Theoremlimsuppnflem 43704* If the restriction of a function to every upper interval is unbounded above, its lim sup is +∞. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
Ⅎ𝑗𝐹    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 βŠ† ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π΄βŸΆβ„*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim supβ€˜πΉ) = +∞ ↔ βˆ€π‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ 𝐴 (π‘˜ ≀ 𝑗 ∧ π‘₯ ≀ (πΉβ€˜π‘—))))
 
Theoremlimsuppnf 43705* If the restriction of a function to every upper interval is unbounded above, its lim sup is +∞. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
Ⅎ𝑗𝐹    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 βŠ† ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π΄βŸΆβ„*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim supβ€˜πΉ) = +∞ ↔ βˆ€π‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ 𝐴 (π‘˜ ≀ 𝑗 ∧ π‘₯ ≀ (πΉβ€˜π‘—))))
 
Theoremlimsupubuzlem 43706* If the limsup is not +∞, then the function is bounded. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
β„²π‘—πœ‘    &   β„²π‘—𝑋    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ π‘Œ ∈ ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐾 ∈ ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ βˆ€π‘— ∈ 𝑍 (𝐾 ≀ 𝑗 β†’ (πΉβ€˜π‘—) ≀ π‘Œ))    &   π‘ = if((βŒˆβ€˜πΎ) ≀ 𝑀, 𝑀, (βŒˆβ€˜πΎ))    &   π‘Š = sup(ran (𝑗 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁) ↦ (πΉβ€˜π‘—)), ℝ, < )    &   π‘‹ = if(π‘Š ≀ π‘Œ, π‘Œ, π‘Š)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘— ∈ 𝑍 (πΉβ€˜π‘—) ≀ π‘₯)
 
Theoremlimsupubuz 43707* For a real-valued function on a set of upper integers, if the superior limit is not +∞, then the function is bounded above. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
Ⅎ𝑗𝐹    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜πΉ) β‰  +∞)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘— ∈ 𝑍 (πΉβ€˜π‘—) ≀ π‘₯)
 
Theoremcliminf2mpt 43708* A bounded below, monotonic nonincreasing sequence converges to the infimum of its range. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
β„²π‘˜πœ‘    &   β„²π‘—πœ‘    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍) β†’ 𝐡 ∈ ℝ)    &   (π‘˜ = 𝑗 β†’ 𝐡 = 𝐢)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ∧ 𝑗 = (π‘˜ + 1)) β†’ 𝐢 ≀ 𝐡)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ (π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ 𝐡) ∈ dom ⇝ )    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ 𝐡) ⇝ inf(ran (π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ 𝐡), ℝ*, < ))
 
Theoremcliminfmpt 43709* A bounded below, monotonic nonincreasing sequence converges to the infimum of its range. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
β„²π‘˜πœ‘    &   β„²π‘—πœ‘    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍) β†’ 𝐡 ∈ ℝ)    &   (π‘˜ = 𝑗 β†’ 𝐡 = 𝐢)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ∧ 𝑗 = (π‘˜ + 1)) β†’ 𝐢 ≀ 𝐡)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 π‘₯ ≀ 𝐡)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ 𝐡) ⇝ inf(ran (π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ 𝐡), ℝ*, < ))
 
Theoremcliminf3 43710* A convergent, nonincreasing sequence, converges to the infimum of its range. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
β„²π‘˜πœ‘    &   β„²π‘˜πΉ    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍) β†’ (πΉβ€˜(π‘˜ + 1)) ≀ (πΉβ€˜π‘˜))    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ∈ dom ⇝ )    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ⇝ inf(ran 𝐹, ℝ*, < ))
 
Theoremlimsupvaluzmpt 43711* The superior limit, when the domain of the function is a set of upper integers (the first condition is needed, otherwise the l.h.s. would be -∞ and the r.h.s. would be +∞). (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
β„²π‘—πœ‘    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ 𝑗 ∈ 𝑍) β†’ 𝐡 ∈ ℝ*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜(𝑗 ∈ 𝑍 ↦ 𝐡)) = inf(ran (π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ sup(ran (𝑗 ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘˜) ↦ 𝐡), ℝ*, < )), ℝ*, < ))
 
Theoremlimsupequzmpt2 43712* Two functions that are eventually equal to one another have the same superior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
β„²π‘—πœ‘    &   β„²π‘—𝐴    &   β„²π‘—𝐡    &   π΄ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   π΅ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐾 ∈ 𝐴)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐾 ∈ 𝐡)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ 𝑗 ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜πΎ)) β†’ 𝐢 ∈ 𝑉)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜(𝑗 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐢)) = (lim supβ€˜(𝑗 ∈ 𝐡 ↦ 𝐢)))
 
Theoremlimsupubuzmpt 43713* If the limsup is not +∞, then the function is eventually bounded. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
β„²π‘—πœ‘    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ 𝑗 ∈ 𝑍) β†’ 𝐡 ∈ ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜(𝑗 ∈ 𝑍 ↦ 𝐡)) β‰  +∞)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘— ∈ 𝑍 𝐡 ≀ π‘₯)
 
Theoremlimsupmnflem 43714* The superior limit of a function is -∞ if and only if every real number is the upper bound of the restriction of the function to an upper interval of real numbers. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 βŠ† ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π΄βŸΆβ„*)    &   πΊ = (π‘˜ ∈ ℝ ↦ sup((𝐹 β€œ (π‘˜[,)+∞)), ℝ*, < ))    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim supβ€˜πΉ) = -∞ ↔ βˆ€π‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘˜ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘— ∈ 𝐴 (π‘˜ ≀ 𝑗 β†’ (πΉβ€˜π‘—) ≀ π‘₯)))
 
Theoremlimsupmnf 43715* The superior limit of a function is -∞ if and only if every real number is the upper bound of the restriction of the function to an upper interval of real numbers. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
Ⅎ𝑗𝐹    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 βŠ† ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π΄βŸΆβ„*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim supβ€˜πΉ) = -∞ ↔ βˆ€π‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘˜ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘— ∈ 𝐴 (π‘˜ ≀ 𝑗 β†’ (πΉβ€˜π‘—) ≀ π‘₯)))
 
Theoremlimsupequzlem 43716* Two functions that are eventually equal to one another have the same superior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
β„²π‘˜πœ‘    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 Fn (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€))    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑁 ∈ β„€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐺 Fn (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘))    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐾 ∈ β„€)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ π‘˜ ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜πΎ)) β†’ (πΉβ€˜π‘˜) = (πΊβ€˜π‘˜))    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜πΉ) = (lim supβ€˜πΊ))
 
Theoremlimsupequz 43717* Two functions that are eventually equal to one another have the same superior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
β„²π‘˜πœ‘    &   β„²π‘˜πΉ    &   β„²π‘˜πΊ    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 Fn (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€))    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑁 ∈ β„€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐺 Fn (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘))    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐾 ∈ β„€)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ π‘˜ ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜πΎ)) β†’ (πΉβ€˜π‘˜) = (πΊβ€˜π‘˜))    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜πΉ) = (lim supβ€˜πΊ))
 
Theoremlimsupre2lem 43718* Given a function on the extended reals, its supremum limit is real if and only if two condition holds: 1. there is a real number that is smaller than the function, at some point, in any upper part of the reals; 2. there is a real number that is eventually larger than the function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
Ⅎ𝑗𝐹    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 βŠ† ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π΄βŸΆβ„*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim supβ€˜πΉ) ∈ ℝ ↔ (βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ 𝐴 (π‘˜ ≀ 𝑗 ∧ π‘₯ < (πΉβ€˜π‘—)) ∧ βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘˜ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘— ∈ 𝐴 (π‘˜ ≀ 𝑗 β†’ (πΉβ€˜π‘—) < π‘₯))))
 
Theoremlimsupre2 43719* Given a function on the extended reals, its supremum limit is real if and only if two condition holds: 1. there is a real number that is smaller than the function, at some point, in any upper part of the reals; 2. there is a real number that is eventually larger than the function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
Ⅎ𝑗𝐹    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 βŠ† ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π΄βŸΆβ„*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim supβ€˜πΉ) ∈ ℝ ↔ (βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ 𝐴 (π‘˜ ≀ 𝑗 ∧ π‘₯ < (πΉβ€˜π‘—)) ∧ βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘˜ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘— ∈ 𝐴 (π‘˜ ≀ 𝑗 β†’ (πΉβ€˜π‘—) < π‘₯))))
 
Theoremlimsupmnfuzlem 43720* The superior limit of a function is -∞ if and only if every real number is the upper bound of the restriction of the function to a set of upper integers. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim supβ€˜πΉ) = -∞ ↔ βˆ€π‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 βˆ€π‘— ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘˜)(πΉβ€˜π‘—) ≀ π‘₯))
 
Theoremlimsupmnfuz 43721* The superior limit of a function is -∞ if and only if every real number is the upper bound of the restriction of the function to a set of upper integers. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
Ⅎ𝑗𝐹    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim supβ€˜πΉ) = -∞ ↔ βˆ€π‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 βˆ€π‘— ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘˜)(πΉβ€˜π‘—) ≀ π‘₯))
 
Theoremlimsupequzmptlem 43722* Two functions that are eventually equal to one another have the same superior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
β„²π‘—πœ‘    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑁 ∈ β„€)    &   π΄ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   π΅ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ 𝑗 ∈ 𝐴) β†’ 𝐢 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ 𝑗 ∈ 𝐡) β†’ 𝐢 ∈ π‘Š)    &   πΎ = if(𝑀 ≀ 𝑁, 𝑁, 𝑀)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜(𝑗 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐢)) = (lim supβ€˜(𝑗 ∈ 𝐡 ↦ 𝐢)))
 
Theoremlimsupequzmpt 43723* Two functions that are eventually equal to one another have the same superior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
β„²π‘—πœ‘    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑁 ∈ β„€)    &   π΄ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   π΅ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ 𝑗 ∈ 𝐴) β†’ 𝐢 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ 𝑗 ∈ 𝐡) β†’ 𝐢 ∈ π‘Š)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜(𝑗 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐢)) = (lim supβ€˜(𝑗 ∈ 𝐡 ↦ 𝐢)))
 
Theoremlimsupre2mpt 43724* Given a function on the extended reals, its supremum limit is real if and only if two condition holds: 1. there is a real number that is smaller than the function, at some point, in any upper part of the reals; 2. there is a real number that is eventually larger than the function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
β„²π‘₯πœ‘    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 βŠ† ℝ)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ π‘₯ ∈ 𝐴) β†’ 𝐡 ∈ ℝ*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim supβ€˜(π‘₯ ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐡)) ∈ ℝ ↔ (βˆƒπ‘¦ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ 𝐴 (π‘˜ ≀ π‘₯ ∧ 𝑦 < 𝐡) ∧ βˆƒπ‘¦ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘˜ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘₯ ∈ 𝐴 (π‘˜ ≀ π‘₯ β†’ 𝐡 < 𝑦))))
 
Theoremlimsupequzmptf 43725* Two functions that are eventually equal to one another have the same superior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
β„²π‘—πœ‘    &   β„²π‘—𝐴    &   β„²π‘—𝐡    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑁 ∈ β„€)    &   π΄ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   π΅ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ 𝑗 ∈ 𝐴) β†’ 𝐢 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ 𝑗 ∈ 𝐡) β†’ 𝐢 ∈ π‘Š)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜(𝑗 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐢)) = (lim supβ€˜(𝑗 ∈ 𝐡 ↦ 𝐢)))
 
Theoremlimsupre3lem 43726* Given a function on the extended reals, its supremum limit is real if and only if two condition holds: 1. there is a real number that is less than or equal to the function, at some point, in any upper part of the reals; 2. there is a real number that is eventually greater than or equal to the function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
Ⅎ𝑗𝐹    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 βŠ† ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π΄βŸΆβ„*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim supβ€˜πΉ) ∈ ℝ ↔ (βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ 𝐴 (π‘˜ ≀ 𝑗 ∧ π‘₯ ≀ (πΉβ€˜π‘—)) ∧ βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘˜ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘— ∈ 𝐴 (π‘˜ ≀ 𝑗 β†’ (πΉβ€˜π‘—) ≀ π‘₯))))
 
Theoremlimsupre3 43727* Given a function on the extended reals, its supremum limit is real if and only if two condition holds: 1. there is a real number that is less than or equal to the function, at some point, in any upper part of the reals; 2. there is a real number that is eventually greater than or equal to the function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
Ⅎ𝑗𝐹    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 βŠ† ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π΄βŸΆβ„*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim supβ€˜πΉ) ∈ ℝ ↔ (βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ 𝐴 (π‘˜ ≀ 𝑗 ∧ π‘₯ ≀ (πΉβ€˜π‘—)) ∧ βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘˜ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘— ∈ 𝐴 (π‘˜ ≀ 𝑗 β†’ (πΉβ€˜π‘—) ≀ π‘₯))))
 
Theoremlimsupre3mpt 43728* Given a function on the extended reals, its supremum limit is real if and only if two condition holds: 1. there is a real number that is less than or equal to the function, at some point, in any upper part of the reals; 2. there is a real number that is eventually greater than or equal to the function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
β„²π‘₯πœ‘    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 βŠ† ℝ)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ π‘₯ ∈ 𝐴) β†’ 𝐡 ∈ ℝ*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim supβ€˜(π‘₯ ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐡)) ∈ ℝ ↔ (βˆƒπ‘¦ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ 𝐴 (π‘˜ ≀ π‘₯ ∧ 𝑦 ≀ 𝐡) ∧ βˆƒπ‘¦ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘˜ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘₯ ∈ 𝐴 (π‘˜ ≀ π‘₯ β†’ 𝐡 ≀ 𝑦))))
 
Theoremlimsupre3uzlem 43729* Given a function on the extended reals, its supremum limit is real if and only if two condition holds: 1. there is a real number that is less than or equal to the function, infinitely often; 2. there is a real number that is eventually greater than or equal to the function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
Ⅎ𝑗𝐹    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim supβ€˜πΉ) ∈ ℝ ↔ (βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 βˆƒπ‘— ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘˜)π‘₯ ≀ (πΉβ€˜π‘—) ∧ βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 βˆ€π‘— ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘˜)(πΉβ€˜π‘—) ≀ π‘₯)))
 
Theoremlimsupre3uz 43730* Given a function on the extended reals, its supremum limit is real if and only if two condition holds: 1. there is a real number that is less than or equal to the function, infinitely often; 2. there is a real number that is eventually greater than or equal to the function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
Ⅎ𝑗𝐹    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim supβ€˜πΉ) ∈ ℝ ↔ (βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 βˆƒπ‘— ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘˜)π‘₯ ≀ (πΉβ€˜π‘—) ∧ βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 βˆ€π‘— ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘˜)(πΉβ€˜π‘—) ≀ π‘₯)))
 
Theoremlimsupreuz 43731* Given a function on the reals, its supremum limit is real if and only if two condition holds: 1. there is a real number that is less than or equal to the function, infinitely often; 2. there is a real number that is greater than or equal to the function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
Ⅎ𝑗𝐹    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim supβ€˜πΉ) ∈ ℝ ↔ (βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 βˆƒπ‘— ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘˜)π‘₯ ≀ (πΉβ€˜π‘—) ∧ βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘— ∈ 𝑍 (πΉβ€˜π‘—) ≀ π‘₯)))
 
Theoremlimsupvaluz2 43732* The superior limit, when the domain of a real-valued function is a set of upper integers, and the superior limit is real. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜πΉ) ∈ ℝ)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜πΉ) = inf(ran (π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ sup(ran (𝐹 β†Ύ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘˜)), ℝ*, < )), ℝ, < ))
 
Theoremlimsupreuzmpt 43733* Given a function on the reals, defined on a set of upper integers, its supremum limit is real if and only if two condition holds: 1. there is a real number that is less than or equal to the function, infinitely often; 2. there is a real number that is greater than or equal to the function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
β„²π‘—πœ‘    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ 𝑗 ∈ 𝑍) β†’ 𝐡 ∈ ℝ)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim supβ€˜(𝑗 ∈ 𝑍 ↦ 𝐡)) ∈ ℝ ↔ (βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 βˆƒπ‘— ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘˜)π‘₯ ≀ 𝐡 ∧ βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘— ∈ 𝑍 𝐡 ≀ π‘₯)))
 
Theoremsupcnvlimsup 43734* If a function on a set of upper integers has a real superior limit, the supremum of the rightmost parts of the function, converges to that superior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜πΉ) ∈ ℝ)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ sup(ran (𝐹 β†Ύ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘˜)), ℝ*, < )) ⇝ (lim supβ€˜πΉ))
 
Theoremsupcnvlimsupmpt 43735* If a function on a set of upper integers has a real superior limit, the supremum of the rightmost parts of the function, converges to that superior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 23-Oct-2021.)
β„²π‘—πœ‘    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ 𝑗 ∈ 𝑍) β†’ 𝐡 ∈ ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜(𝑗 ∈ 𝑍 ↦ 𝐡)) ∈ ℝ)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ sup(ran (𝑗 ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘˜) ↦ 𝐡), ℝ*, < )) ⇝ (lim supβ€˜(𝑗 ∈ 𝑍 ↦ 𝐡)))
 
Theorem0cnv 43736 If βˆ… is a complex number, then it converges to itself. See 0ncn 11002 and its comment; see also the comment in climlimsupcex 43763. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(βˆ… ∈ β„‚ β†’ βˆ… ⇝ βˆ…)
 
Theoremclimuzlem 43737* Express the predicate: The limit of complex number sequence 𝐹 is 𝐴, or 𝐹 converges to 𝐴. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„‚)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴 ↔ (𝐴 ∈ β„‚ ∧ βˆ€π‘₯ ∈ ℝ+ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ 𝑍 βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘—)(absβ€˜((πΉβ€˜π‘˜) βˆ’ 𝐴)) < π‘₯)))
 
Theoremclimuz 43738* Express the predicate: The limit of complex number sequence 𝐹 is 𝐴, or 𝐹 converges to 𝐴. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
β„²π‘˜πΉ    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„‚)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴 ↔ (𝐴 ∈ β„‚ ∧ βˆ€π‘₯ ∈ ℝ+ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ 𝑍 βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘—)(absβ€˜((πΉβ€˜π‘˜) βˆ’ 𝐴)) < π‘₯)))
 
Theoremlmbr3v 43739* Express the binary relation "sequence 𝐹 converges to point 𝑃 " in a metric space using an arbitrary upper set of integers. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 5-Feb-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝐽 ∈ (TopOnβ€˜π‘‹))    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (𝐹(β‡π‘‘β€˜π½)𝑃 ↔ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑋 ↑pm β„‚) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ βˆ€π‘’ ∈ 𝐽 (𝑃 ∈ 𝑒 β†’ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ β„€ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘—)(π‘˜ ∈ dom 𝐹 ∧ (πΉβ€˜π‘˜) ∈ 𝑒)))))
 
Theoremclimisp 43740* If a sequence converges to an isolated point (w.r.t. the standard topology on the complex numbers) then the sequence eventually becomes that point. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 5-Feb-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„‚)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑋 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ∧ (πΉβ€˜π‘˜) β‰  𝐴) β†’ 𝑋 ≀ (absβ€˜((πΉβ€˜π‘˜) βˆ’ 𝐴)))    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ 𝑍 βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘—)(πΉβ€˜π‘˜) = 𝐴)
 
Theoremlmbr3 43741* Express the binary relation "sequence 𝐹 converges to point 𝑃 " in a metric space using an arbitrary upper set of integers. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 5-Feb-2022.)
β„²π‘˜πΉ    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐽 ∈ (TopOnβ€˜π‘‹))    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (𝐹(β‡π‘‘β€˜π½)𝑃 ↔ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑋 ↑pm β„‚) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ βˆ€π‘’ ∈ 𝐽 (𝑃 ∈ 𝑒 β†’ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ β„€ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘—)(π‘˜ ∈ dom 𝐹 ∧ (πΉβ€˜π‘˜) ∈ 𝑒)))))
 
Theoremclimrescn 43742* A sequence converging w.r.t. the standard topology on the complex numbers, eventually becomes a sequence of complex numbers. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 5-Feb-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 Fn 𝑍)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ∈ dom ⇝ )    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ 𝑍 (𝐹 β†Ύ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘—)):(β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘—)βŸΆβ„‚)
 
Theoremclimxrrelem 43743* If a sequence ranging over the extended reals converges w.r.t. the standard topology on the complex numbers, then there exists an upper set of the integers over which the function is real-valued. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 5-Feb-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„*)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐷 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ +∞ ∈ β„‚) β†’ 𝐷 ≀ (absβ€˜(+∞ βˆ’ 𝐴)))    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ -∞ ∈ β„‚) β†’ 𝐷 ≀ (absβ€˜(-∞ βˆ’ 𝐴)))    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ 𝑍 (𝐹 β†Ύ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘—)):(β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘—)βŸΆβ„)
 
Theoremclimxrre 43744* If a sequence ranging over the extended reals converges w.r.t. the standard topology on the complex numbers, then there exists an upper set of the integers over which the function is real-valued (the weaker hypothesis 𝐹 ∈ dom ⇝ is probably not enough, since in principle we could have +∞ ∈ β„‚ and -∞ ∈ β„‚). (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 5-Feb-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„*)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ 𝑍 (𝐹 β†Ύ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘—)):(β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘—)βŸΆβ„)
 
21.38.7.1  Inferior limit (lim inf)
 
Syntaxclsi 43745 Extend class notation to include the liminf function. (actually, it makes sense for any extended real function defined on a subset of RR which is not upper-bounded)
class lim inf
 
Definitiondf-liminf 43746* Define the inferior limit of a sequence of extended real numbers. (Contributed by GS, 2-Jan-2022.)
lim inf = (π‘₯ ∈ V ↦ sup(ran (π‘˜ ∈ ℝ ↦ inf(((π‘₯ β€œ (π‘˜[,)+∞)) ∩ ℝ*), ℝ*, < )), ℝ*, < ))
 
Theoremlimsuplt2 43747* The defining property of the superior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝐡 βŠ† ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π΅βŸΆβ„*)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 ∈ ℝ*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim supβ€˜πΉ) < 𝐴 ↔ βˆƒπ‘˜ ∈ ℝ sup(((𝐹 β€œ (π‘˜[,)+∞)) ∩ ℝ*), ℝ*, < ) < 𝐴))
 
Theoremliminfgord 43748 Ordering property of the inferior limit function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
((𝐴 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝐡 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝐴 ≀ 𝐡) β†’ inf(((𝐹 β€œ (𝐴[,)+∞)) ∩ ℝ*), ℝ*, < ) ≀ inf(((𝐹 β€œ (𝐡[,)+∞)) ∩ ℝ*), ℝ*, < ))
 
Theoremlimsupvald 43749* The superior limit of a sequence 𝐹 of extended real numbers is the infimum of the set of suprema of all restrictions of 𝐹 to an upperset of reals . (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   πΊ = (π‘˜ ∈ ℝ ↦ sup(((𝐹 β€œ (π‘˜[,)+∞)) ∩ ℝ*), ℝ*, < ))    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜πΉ) = inf(ran 𝐺, ℝ*, < ))
 
Theoremlimsupresicompt 43750* The superior limit doesn't change when a function is restricted to the upper part of the reals. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ ℝ)    &   π‘ = (𝑀[,)+∞)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜(π‘₯ ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐡)) = (lim supβ€˜(π‘₯ ∈ (𝐴 ∩ 𝑍) ↦ 𝐡)))
 
Theoremlimsupcli 43751 Closure of the superior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
𝐹 ∈ 𝑉    β‡’   (lim supβ€˜πΉ) ∈ ℝ*
 
Theoremliminfgf 43752 Closure of the inferior limit function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
𝐺 = (π‘˜ ∈ ℝ ↦ inf(((𝐹 β€œ (π‘˜[,)+∞)) ∩ ℝ*), ℝ*, < ))    β‡’   πΊ:β„βŸΆβ„*
 
Theoremliminfval 43753* The inferior limit of a set 𝐹. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
𝐺 = (π‘˜ ∈ ℝ ↦ inf(((𝐹 β€œ (π‘˜[,)+∞)) ∩ ℝ*), ℝ*, < ))    β‡’   (𝐹 ∈ 𝑉 β†’ (lim infβ€˜πΉ) = sup(ran 𝐺, ℝ*, < ))
 
Theoremclimlimsup 43754 A sequence of real numbers converges if and only if it converges to its superior limit. The first hypothesis is needed (see climlimsupcex 43763 for a counterexample). (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (𝐹 ∈ dom ⇝ ↔ 𝐹 ⇝ (lim supβ€˜πΉ)))
 
Theoremlimsupge 43755* The defining property of the superior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝐡 βŠ† ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π΅βŸΆβ„*)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 ∈ ℝ*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (𝐴 ≀ (lim supβ€˜πΉ) ↔ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ ℝ 𝐴 ≀ sup(((𝐹 β€œ (π‘˜[,)+∞)) ∩ ℝ*), ℝ*, < )))
 
Theoremliminfgval 43756* Value of the inferior limit function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
𝐺 = (π‘˜ ∈ ℝ ↦ inf(((𝐹 β€œ (π‘˜[,)+∞)) ∩ ℝ*), ℝ*, < ))    β‡’   (𝑀 ∈ ℝ β†’ (πΊβ€˜π‘€) = inf(((𝐹 β€œ (𝑀[,)+∞)) ∩ ℝ*), ℝ*, < ))
 
Theoremliminfcl 43757 Closure of the inferior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(𝐹 ∈ 𝑉 β†’ (lim infβ€˜πΉ) ∈ ℝ*)
 
Theoremliminfvald 43758* The inferior limit of a set 𝐹. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   πΊ = (π‘˜ ∈ ℝ ↦ inf(((𝐹 β€œ (π‘˜[,)+∞)) ∩ ℝ*), ℝ*, < ))    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜πΉ) = sup(ran 𝐺, ℝ*, < ))
 
Theoremliminfval5 43759* The inferior limit of an infinite sequence 𝐹 of extended real numbers. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
β„²π‘˜πœ‘    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π΄βŸΆβ„*)    &   πΊ = (π‘˜ ∈ ℝ ↦ inf((𝐹 β€œ (π‘˜[,)+∞)), ℝ*, < ))    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜πΉ) = sup(ran 𝐺, ℝ*, < ))
 
Theoremlimsupresxr 43760 The superior limit of a function only depends on the restriction of that function to the preimage of the set of extended reals. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ Fun 𝐹)    &   π΄ = (◑𝐹 β€œ ℝ*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜(𝐹 β†Ύ 𝐴)) = (lim supβ€˜πΉ))
 
Theoremliminfresxr 43761 The inferior limit of a function only depends on the preimage of the extended real part. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ Fun 𝐹)    &   π΄ = (◑𝐹 β€œ ℝ*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜(𝐹 β†Ύ 𝐴)) = (lim infβ€˜πΉ))
 
Theoremliminfval2 43762* The superior limit, relativized to an unbounded set. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
𝐺 = (π‘˜ ∈ ℝ ↦ inf(((𝐹 β€œ (π‘˜[,)+∞)) ∩ ℝ*), ℝ*, < ))    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 βŠ† ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ sup(𝐴, ℝ*, < ) = +∞)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜πΉ) = sup((𝐺 β€œ 𝐴), ℝ*, < ))
 
Theoremclimlimsupcex 43763 Counterexample for climlimsup 43754, showing that the first hypothesis is needed, if the empty set is a complex number (see 0ncn 11002 and its comment). (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
Β¬ 𝑀 ∈ β„€    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   πΉ = βˆ…    β‡’   ((βˆ… ∈ β„‚ ∧ Β¬ -∞ ∈ β„‚) β†’ (𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„ ∧ 𝐹 ∈ dom ⇝ ∧ Β¬ 𝐹 ⇝ (lim supβ€˜πΉ)))
 
Theoremliminfcld 43764 Closure of the inferior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜πΉ) ∈ ℝ*)
 
Theoremliminfresico 43765 The inferior limit doesn't change when a function is restricted to an upperset of reals. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ ℝ)    &   π‘ = (𝑀[,)+∞)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜(𝐹 β†Ύ 𝑍)) = (lim infβ€˜πΉ))
 
Theoremlimsup10exlem 43766* The range of the given function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
𝐹 = (𝑛 ∈ β„• ↦ if(2 βˆ₯ 𝑛, 0, 1))    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐾 ∈ ℝ)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (𝐹 β€œ (𝐾[,)+∞)) = {0, 1})
 
Theoremlimsup10ex 43767 The superior limit of a function that alternates between two values. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
𝐹 = (𝑛 ∈ β„• ↦ if(2 βˆ₯ 𝑛, 0, 1))    β‡’   (lim supβ€˜πΉ) = 1
 
Theoremliminf10ex 43768 The inferior limit of a function that alternates between two values. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
𝐹 = (𝑛 ∈ β„• ↦ if(2 βˆ₯ 𝑛, 0, 1))    β‡’   (lim infβ€˜πΉ) = 0
 
Theoremliminflelimsuplem 43769* The superior limit is greater than or equal to the inferior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ (π‘˜[,)+∞)((𝐹 β€œ (𝑗[,)+∞)) ∩ ℝ*) β‰  βˆ…)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜πΉ) ≀ (lim supβ€˜πΉ))
 
Theoremliminflelimsup 43770* The superior limit is greater than or equal to the inferior limit. The second hypothesis is needed (see liminflelimsupcex 43791 for a counterexample). The inequality can be strict, see liminfltlimsupex 43775. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ (π‘˜[,)+∞)((𝐹 β€œ (𝑗[,)+∞)) ∩ ℝ*) β‰  βˆ…)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜πΉ) ≀ (lim supβ€˜πΉ))
 
Theoremlimsupgtlem 43771* For any positive real, the superior limit of F is larger than any of its values at large enough arguments, up to that positive real. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜πΉ) ∈ ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑋 ∈ ℝ+)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ 𝑍 βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘—)((πΉβ€˜π‘˜) βˆ’ 𝑋) < (lim supβ€˜πΉ))
 
Theoremlimsupgt 43772* Given a sequence of real numbers, there exists an upper part of the sequence that's appxoximated from below by the superior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
β„²π‘˜πΉ    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜πΉ) ∈ ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑋 ∈ ℝ+)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ 𝑍 βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘—)((πΉβ€˜π‘˜) βˆ’ 𝑋) < (lim supβ€˜πΉ))
 
Theoremliminfresre 43773 The inferior limit of a function only depends on the real part of its domain. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜(𝐹 β†Ύ ℝ)) = (lim infβ€˜πΉ))
 
Theoremliminfresicompt 43774* The inferior limit doesn't change when a function is restricted to the upper part of the reals. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ ℝ)    &   π‘ = (𝑀[,)+∞)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜(π‘₯ ∈ (𝐴 ∩ 𝑍) ↦ 𝐡)) = (lim infβ€˜(π‘₯ ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐡)))
 
Theoremliminfltlimsupex 43775 An example where the lim inf is strictly smaller than the lim sup. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
𝐹 = (𝑛 ∈ β„• ↦ if(2 βˆ₯ 𝑛, 0, 1))    β‡’   (lim infβ€˜πΉ) < (lim supβ€˜πΉ)
 
Theoremliminfgelimsup 43776* The inferior limit is greater than or equal to the superior limit if and only if they are equal. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ ℝ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ (π‘˜[,)+∞)((𝐹 β€œ (𝑗[,)+∞)) ∩ ℝ*) β‰  βˆ…)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim supβ€˜πΉ) ≀ (lim infβ€˜πΉ) ↔ (lim infβ€˜πΉ) = (lim supβ€˜πΉ)))
 
Theoremliminfvalxr 43777* Alternate definition of lim inf when 𝐹 is an extended real-valued function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
β„²π‘₯𝐹    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π΄βŸΆβ„*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜πΉ) = -𝑒(lim supβ€˜(π‘₯ ∈ 𝐴 ↦ -𝑒(πΉβ€˜π‘₯))))
 
Theoremliminfresuz 43778 If the real part of the domain of a function is a subset of the integers, the inferior limit doesn't change when the function is restricted to an upper set of integers. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ dom (𝐹 β†Ύ ℝ) βŠ† β„€)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜(𝐹 β†Ύ 𝑍)) = (lim infβ€˜πΉ))
 
Theoremliminflelimsupuz 43779 The superior limit is greater than or equal to the inferior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜πΉ) ≀ (lim supβ€˜πΉ))
 
Theoremliminfvalxrmpt 43780* Alternate definition of lim inf when 𝐹 is an extended real-valued function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
β„²π‘₯πœ‘    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ π‘₯ ∈ 𝐴) β†’ 𝐡 ∈ ℝ*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜(π‘₯ ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐡)) = -𝑒(lim supβ€˜(π‘₯ ∈ 𝐴 ↦ -𝑒𝐡)))
 
Theoremliminfresuz2 43781 If the domain of a function is a subset of the integers, the inferior limit doesn't change when the function is restricted to an upper set of integers. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ dom 𝐹 βŠ† β„€)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜(𝐹 β†Ύ 𝑍)) = (lim infβ€˜πΉ))
 
Theoremliminfgelimsupuz 43782 The inferior limit is greater than or equal to the superior limit if and only if they are equal. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim supβ€˜πΉ) ≀ (lim infβ€˜πΉ) ↔ (lim infβ€˜πΉ) = (lim supβ€˜πΉ)))
 
Theoremliminfval4 43783* Alternate definition of lim inf when the given function is eventually real-valued. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
β„²π‘₯πœ‘    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ ℝ)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ π‘₯ ∈ (𝐴 ∩ (𝑀[,)+∞))) β†’ 𝐡 ∈ ℝ)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜(π‘₯ ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐡)) = -𝑒(lim supβ€˜(π‘₯ ∈ 𝐴 ↦ -𝐡)))
 
Theoremliminfval3 43784* Alternate definition of lim inf when the given function is eventually extended real-valued. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
β„²π‘₯πœ‘    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ ℝ)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ π‘₯ ∈ (𝐴 ∩ (𝑀[,)+∞))) β†’ 𝐡 ∈ ℝ*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜(π‘₯ ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐡)) = -𝑒(lim supβ€˜(π‘₯ ∈ 𝐴 ↦ -𝑒𝐡)))
 
Theoremliminfequzmpt2 43785* Two functions that are eventually equal to one another have the same superior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
β„²π‘—πœ‘    &   β„²π‘—𝐴    &   β„²π‘—𝐡    &   π΄ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   π΅ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐾 ∈ 𝐴)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐾 ∈ 𝐡)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ 𝑗 ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜πΎ)) β†’ 𝐢 ∈ 𝑉)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜(𝑗 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐢)) = (lim infβ€˜(𝑗 ∈ 𝐡 ↦ 𝐢)))
 
Theoremliminfvaluz 43786* Alternate definition of lim inf for an extended real-valued function, defined on a set of upper integers. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
β„²π‘˜πœ‘    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍) β†’ 𝐡 ∈ ℝ*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜(π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ 𝐡)) = -𝑒(lim supβ€˜(π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ -𝑒𝐡)))
 
Theoremliminf0 43787 The inferior limit of the empty set. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(lim infβ€˜βˆ…) = +∞
 
Theoremlimsupval4 43788* Alternate definition of lim inf when the given a function is eventually extended real-valued. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
β„²π‘₯πœ‘    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ ℝ)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ π‘₯ ∈ (𝐴 ∩ (𝑀[,)+∞))) β†’ 𝐡 ∈ ℝ*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜(π‘₯ ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐡)) = -𝑒(lim infβ€˜(π‘₯ ∈ 𝐴 ↦ -𝑒𝐡)))
 
Theoremliminfvaluz2 43789* Alternate definition of lim inf for a real-valued function, defined on a set of upper integers. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
β„²π‘˜πœ‘    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍) β†’ 𝐡 ∈ ℝ)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜(π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ 𝐡)) = -𝑒(lim supβ€˜(π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ -𝐡)))
 
Theoremliminfvaluz3 43790* Alternate definition of lim inf for an extended real-valued function, defined on a set of upper integers. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
β„²π‘˜πœ‘    &   β„²π‘˜πΉ    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜πΉ) = -𝑒(lim supβ€˜(π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ -𝑒(πΉβ€˜π‘˜))))
 
Theoremliminflelimsupcex 43791 A counterexample for liminflelimsup 43770, showing that the second hypothesis is needed. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(lim supβ€˜βˆ…) < (lim infβ€˜βˆ…)
 
Theoremlimsupvaluz3 43792* Alternate definition of lim inf for an extended real-valued function, defined on a set of upper integers. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
β„²π‘˜πœ‘    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍) β†’ 𝐡 ∈ ℝ*)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜(π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ 𝐡)) = -𝑒(lim infβ€˜(π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ -𝑒𝐡)))
 
Theoremliminfvaluz4 43793* Alternate definition of lim inf for a real-valued function, defined on a set of upper integers. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
β„²π‘˜πœ‘    &   β„²π‘˜πΉ    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜πΉ) = -𝑒(lim supβ€˜(π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ -(πΉβ€˜π‘˜))))
 
Theoremlimsupvaluz4 43794* Alternate definition of lim inf for a real-valued function, defined on a set of upper integers. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
β„²π‘˜πœ‘    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   ((πœ‘ ∧ π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍) β†’ 𝐡 ∈ ℝ)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim supβ€˜(π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ 𝐡)) = -𝑒(lim infβ€˜(π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 ↦ -𝐡)))
 
Theoremclimliminflimsupd 43795 If a sequence of real numbers converges, its inferior limit and its superior limit are equal. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹 ∈ dom ⇝ )    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜πΉ) = (lim supβ€˜πΉ))
 
Theoremliminfreuzlem 43796* Given a function on the reals, its inferior limit is real if and only if two condition holds: 1. there is a real number that is greater than or equal to the function, infinitely often; 2. there is a real number that is smaller than or equal to the function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
Ⅎ𝑗𝐹    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim infβ€˜πΉ) ∈ ℝ ↔ (βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 βˆƒπ‘— ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘˜)(πΉβ€˜π‘—) ≀ π‘₯ ∧ βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘— ∈ 𝑍 π‘₯ ≀ (πΉβ€˜π‘—))))
 
Theoremliminfreuz 43797* Given a function on the reals, its inferior limit is real if and only if two condition holds: 1. there is a real number that is greater than or equal to the function, infinitely often; 2. there is a real number that is smaller than or equal to the function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
Ⅎ𝑗𝐹    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ ((lim infβ€˜πΉ) ∈ ℝ ↔ (βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ 𝑍 βˆƒπ‘— ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘˜)(πΉβ€˜π‘—) ≀ π‘₯ ∧ βˆƒπ‘₯ ∈ ℝ βˆ€π‘— ∈ 𝑍 π‘₯ ≀ (πΉβ€˜π‘—))))
 
Theoremliminfltlem 43798* Given a sequence of real numbers, there exists an upper part of the sequence that's approximated from above by the inferior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜πΉ) ∈ ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑋 ∈ ℝ+)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ 𝑍 βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘—)(lim infβ€˜πΉ) < ((πΉβ€˜π‘˜) + 𝑋))
 
Theoremliminflt 43799* Given a sequence of real numbers, there exists an upper part of the sequence that's approximated from above by the inferior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
β„²π‘˜πΉ    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ (lim infβ€˜πΉ) ∈ ℝ)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝑋 ∈ ℝ+)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ βˆƒπ‘— ∈ 𝑍 βˆ€π‘˜ ∈ (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘—)(lim infβ€˜πΉ) < ((πΉβ€˜π‘˜) + 𝑋))
 
Theoremclimliminf 43800 A sequence of real numbers converges if and only if it converges to its inferior limit. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 2-Jan-2022.)
(πœ‘ β†’ 𝑀 ∈ β„€)    &   π‘ = (β„€β‰₯β€˜π‘€)    &   (πœ‘ β†’ 𝐹:π‘βŸΆβ„)    β‡’   (πœ‘ β†’ (𝐹 ∈ dom ⇝ ↔ 𝐹 ⇝ (lim infβ€˜πΉ)))
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